program planning. cycle of planning determine mission of organization assess community prioritize...
TRANSCRIPT
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Program Planning
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Cycle of Planning
• Determine mission of organization
• Assess community
• Prioritize problems within resources
• Set goals and objectives
• Determine action steps
• Implement plan
• Evaluate
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Two types of planning
• Strategic planning--long-range planning to define and acheive organizational goals
• Operational planning--short-term planning that focuses on the activities and actions required to meet the organization’s goals
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Strategic Planning
• Focuses on establishing long-term objectives; assessing past, current, and future, condititions and events; evaluating the organization’s strengths and weaknesses; identifying the organization’s customers, supporters, and competitors; and making the decisions about the appropriate course of actions.
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Strategic planning (con’t)
• Led by senior managers
• Often requires years to complete
• Products include a vision for the organizaiton, a mission statement, and long range goals and object ives to be met in 5-20 years.
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ADA’s Strategic Plan
• Mission: The American Dietetic Association is the advocate of the dietetics profession serving the public through the promotion of optimatl nutrition, health, and well-being.
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ADA’s Strategic Plan (con’t)
• Vision: Members of The American Dietetic Association will shape the food choices and impact the nutritional status of the public.
• Philosophy: Members of The American Dietetic Association serve the profession best by serving the public first.
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ADA’s Strategic Plan (con’t)
• Values:
• Excellence in the identification, development, and delivery of quality programs, services, and products
• Leadership in significant food, nutrition, and related health issues
• Integrity in all professional and personal actions
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ADA’s Strategic Plan--Values (con’t)
• Respect for diverse viewpoints and individual differences
• Communication that is timely and effective• Collaboration for action oncritical issues• Fiscal Responsibility in effectively providing and
managing human and financial resources• Action that is timely and strategic
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Community Assessment
• Describes nutrition-related problems that exist in the community
• Indicates the felt or perceived needs of the community and its desire for a solution
• Establishes priorities and identifies resources that exist to deal with the problems
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Prioritization of problem
Prioritization of needs and actions in the face of constraints and uncertainties is
the essence of planning
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Criteria often used to set priorities
• Size of problem--uses rates at risk, and incidence or prevalence rates
• Seriousness of problem
• Effectiveness of intervention
• Political support
• See pages 374-75 of Frankle/Owen for system used by Minnesota
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Formulate Nutrition Intervention Priorities
• At what level will you intervene--primary, secondary, or tertiary
• What type of intervention will you use?
• Individuals will make lifestyle changes
• Personnel will directly provide the services
• Policies will be changed so that individuals may be passive
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Operational Planning
• Focuses on present operations with concern for efficiency and effectiveness
• Typically the responsibility of mid-level managers
• Short term planning for 1-5 years
• More often revised yearly
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Purpose of Operational Planning
• To initiate immediate actions that will result in the greatest probability of reaching the desired objectives by a predicted time
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Characteristics of Good Plans
• Progressive--designed to improve, strengthen and improve services
• Politically savvy--should achieve visibility and support services
• Flexible• Logical and orderly• Effective and efficient• Supported at grass-roots level
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Characteristics of Good Planners
• Possess an understanding of the total organization and the services provided. Can articulate how nutrition services contribute to the overall mission of the organization.
• Know the constraints and opportunities provided through the rules and regulations of any federal and state legislation affecting the plan
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Characteristics of Good Planners (con’t)
• Possess the technical knowledge and skills to implement the plan.
• Able to articulate and defend ideas. Willing to compromise with others.
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Framework of a plan
• Needs assessment--A statement of the problem to be addressed
• Goal statements--Expected outcomes for the problem that the program is designed to prevent, eradicate, or ameliorate
• Objectives--Statements of the results to be obtained or of how the results will be obtained
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Framework of a plan (con’t)
• Action steps--Activities necessary to achieve each objective and to measure its accomplishment
• Program design--a narrative description of the program
• Budget--The fiscal plan
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Three types of objectives
• Outcome--establishes the results the program is expected to achieve
• Process--specifies the manner in which the outcome objectives will be achieved
• Intermediate--(sometimes called bridging objectives)--partial measures of larger outcomes
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Goals vs Objectives
• Goals are broad statements of intent
• Objectives are measurable
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Writing Objectives
• Outcome objectives contain five common elements:
• Problem being addressed
• Target group to be changed
• Time in which change will be accomplished
• Amount of change to be expected
• Way change will be measured
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Example of outcome objective
• Reduce the fat intake to less than 30% of total calories among more than 75% of the employees participating in the 6-month Nutrition in Action Program as determined by the dietitian administering a 24-hour recall.
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Writing a Process Objective
• A process objective contains the following four components:
• What will be done
• To or for whom it will be done
• By what time frame it will be completed
• Number of persons to be affected or number of events to be held
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Example of a process objective
• To provide individual dietary counseling to a minimum of 90% of the participants in the Nutrition in Action program within two months of their beginning the program.
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Action steps
• Specific steps that are necessary to achieve objectives
• Contain action to be taken and time lines for accomplishing each step
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Example of Action Steps to Acheive Counseling Objective
• Employ RD Week 1
• Set up computer for
• dietary recalls Week 1
• Schedule minimum or
• 30 counseling sessions/wk Week 2-6
• Reschedule persons who
• missed counseling sessions Week 7-8