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PROFICIENCY REVIEW Biology

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Proficiency Review. Biology. Prelesson Quiz. An energy pyramid is represented below. 1. Which of the following number sequence represents the flow of available energy from the base of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid in the ecosystem represented above? a. 100–100–100–100 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Proficiency Review

PROFICIENCY REVIEWBiology

Page 2: Proficiency Review

Prelesson QuizAn energy pyramid is represented below.

1. Which of the following number sequence represents the flow of available energy from the base of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid in the ecosystem represented above?

a. 100–100–100–100 b. 100–75–50–25 c. 100–50–25–0 d. 100–20–5–1

Page 3: Proficiency Review

2. Which one of the following does NOT explain why there is a decrease in energy through the trophic levels in an ecosystem?

a. There is an increase in biomass as trophic levels decrease.

b. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time.

c. There is an increase in the number of individuals as trophic levels decrease.

d. Energy is lost from the processes of respiration and metabolism.

Page 4: Proficiency Review

3. Use the desert food web below to answer the following question.

Two of the primary consumers in the desert environment area. coyote and rattlesnake b. grass and cactusc. rabbit and grasshopper. d. hawk and coyote.

Page 5: Proficiency Review

In the diagram below, Cell I and II represent typical cells.

4. In both cells, organelle 5 is the site ofa. photosynthesis . b. cellular respiration. c. resource storage. d. protein synthesis.

Page 6: Proficiency Review

5. When gametes are produced from a parent cell during normal meiosis, which of the following describes the number of chromosomes in each cell resulting from this process?Each resulting gamete has

A. the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.  

B. twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.  

C. one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.  

D. one-fourth the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Page 7: Proficiency Review

Activity 1 (15 minutes)

Cell Organelle Matching Game1. Students will get in groups of 2.2. Match the picture of the organelle to the

function.3. Review answers as a group.

Page 8: Proficiency Review

1= N 2= L 3=J4= O 5= A 6= K7= F 8= H 9= M10= E 11= I 12=

C13= P 14= G 15=

B16= D

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Activity 2 (10 minutes)Ecology Review – Food ChainsAs a class, review the following diagrams and answer the questions.

Page 10: Proficiency Review

Ecology Review – Food WebAs a class, review the following diagrams and answer the questions.

Page 11: Proficiency Review

Biotic or Abiotic?the sun

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Abioticthe sun

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Biotic or Abiotic?water

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Abioticwater

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Biotic or Abiotic?A tree

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Biotic A tree

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Biotic or Abiotic?Leather

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Biotic Leather

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Energy FlowEnergy flows when organisms eat

Grass provides energy for the cow

The cow provides energy for us

We get energy from the cow.

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The energy flows from the grass to the cow to us.

Grass--- Cow--- Human

The arrows show which way the energy is flowing.

Page 21: Proficiency Review

Activity 3 (10 minutes) Human Body Systems

Cells-> tissues-> organs-> organ system-> organism

Cells are the basic unit of life. Somatic cells are body cells (all the cells in an organism except the sex cells). Sex cells are known as gametes (example: sperm and egg)

Tissue is a collection of cells that are similar in structure and that work together to perform a particular function.

An organ consists of various tissues that work together to carry out a specific function. Groups of organs interact to form an organ system. For each organism to survive the organ systems must work together.

Complete Human Body Systems Card Match 1. In groups of 2 or 3,students will match the organ system name

to the function and a disease associated with that organ system.

2. Review answers as a group

Page 22: Proficiency Review

Human Body System Match (can do instead of matching Cards)     Write the name of the correct system on the space provided. You will use each system once. Skeletal Muscular Integumentary Circulatory Respiratory Immune Digestive Excretory Nervous Endocrine Reproductive       ___________________ 1. carries air into and out of lungs, where gases are exchanged Someone who smokes cigarettes develops cancer in the

bronchioles   ____________________2. provides protection against infection and disease A person with AIDS is more likely to die from a viral infection because

this system has been compromised.   ____________________3. eliminates waste; maintains water and chemical balance A person applies for a new job and needs to be drug tested. A

simple urine test can be used to determine if there are any drugs in this system.   ____________________4. controls and coordinates body movements and senses; controls consciousness and creativity Spinal cord damage can result in the lack of movement; may be permanent as

the cells are slow to regenerate.   ____________________5. provides structure; supports and moves trunk and limbs; moves substances through body Atrophy in the organs of this system will result in the loss of the ability to move

and may result in the stop of your heartbeat.   ____________________6. protects against pathogens; helps regulate body temperature (skin) Mitosis works quickly to repair this organ system when you cut yourself because it’s a main line of

defense against pathogens.   ____________________7. transports nutrients and waste to and from all body tissues The protein, hemoglobin, is found in the red blood cells of this

system and is responsible for bringing O2 to tissues.     ____________________8. stores and digests food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates wastes Ulcerative colitis is a damaging disease to the intestines.

People with this disease have difficulty absorbing nutrients from food.   ____________________9. produces offspring The cells from this system go through the process of meiosis in order to reduce their

chromosomes to a haploid number (1N)   ____________________10.. provides structure; supports and protects internal organs Broken ribs might cause difficulty breathing because one job of

this system is to protect vital organs, like the lungs.     ___________________11. Maintains homeostasis; regulates metabolism and water balance, growth and sexual development, and reproduction (hormones) Diabetics do not produce the hormone, insulin, because of issues in

their pancreas. Therefore, this system is not working properly.    

Page 23: Proficiency Review

Answers to Human Body System Match

1. D Respiratory 2. A Immune 3. E Excretory 4. B Nervous 5. I Muscular 6. K Integumentary 7. H Circulatory 8. F Digestive 9. G Reproductive 10. J Skeletal 11. C Endocrine

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Mutations

Mutations are changes in DNA. Mutations can be caused by

environmental factors (mutagens) such as radiation, drug exposure, and viruses.

Mutagens may cause mutations in both somatic cells and sex cells.

Mutations can also occur by chance. Mutations in sex cells can be passed on

to offspring. Mutations in body cells cannot be passed

on to offspring.

Page 25: Proficiency Review

Mutation Questions Within an individual rabbit, four different

mutations occurred in different genes, located in different cells, as shown in the table below.

Which of these mutations could be passed on to the rabbit’s offspring?Cell

TypeTrait Normal Mutation

Skin Fur Color Black Fur White Fur

Gamete Eye Color Brown Eyes Blue Eyes

Muscle Fur Thickness

Thick Fur Thin Fur

Nerve Tail Length Long Tail Short Tail

Page 26: Proficiency Review

Mutation QuestionsGametes are sex cells and mutations in sex

cells can be passed to offspring.

Cell Type

Trait Normal Mutation

Skin Fur Color Black Fur White Fur

Gamete Eye Color Brown Eyes Blue Eyes

Muscle Fur Thickness

Thick Fur Thin Fur

Nerve Tail Length Long Tail Short Tail

Page 27: Proficiency Review

Ionizing radiation can damage DNA molecules by causing mutations. If DNA damage from ionizing radiation occurs in blood tissue it A. can be inherited because the DNA

mutation is in a somatic cell. B. can be inherited because the DNA

mutation is in a gamete cell.C. cannot be inherited because the

DNA mutation is in a somatic cell. D. cannot be inherited because the

DNA mutation is in a gamete cell.

Page 28: Proficiency Review

Ionizing radiation can damage DNA molecules by causing mutations. If DNA damage from ionizing radiation occurs in blood tissue it

c. cannot be inherited because the DNA mutation is in a somatic cell.

Blood cells are somatic or body cells and somatic cell mutations cannot be passed to offspring.

Page 29: Proficiency Review

Postlesson QuizAn energy pyramid is represented below.

1. Which of the following number sequence represents the flow of available energy from the base of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid in the ecosystem represented above?

a. 100–100–100–100 b. 100–75–50–25 c. 100–50–25–0 d. 100–20–5–1

Page 30: Proficiency Review

d. 100–20–5–1

A pyramid of energy shows rates of production rather

than standing crop. Once done, the figure would have the characteristic pyramid shape . Grass populations can double in a few weeks, whereas the grasshoppers that feed on them reproduce more slowly and might double in numbers in a few months, and the mice feeding on grasshoppers might only reproduce once or twice a year. Thus, a pyramid of energy takes into account the turnover rate of the organisms, and can never be inverted.

Page 31: Proficiency Review

2. Which one of the following does NOT explain why there is a decrease in energy through the trophic levels in an ecosystem?

a. There is an increase in biomass as trophic levels decrease.

b. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time.

c. There is an increase in the number of individuals as trophic levels decrease.

d. Energy is lost from the processes of respiration and metabolism.

Page 32: Proficiency Review

b. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time.

The age of an organism does not effect the amount of energy in an ecosystem.

Page 33: Proficiency Review

3. Use the desert food web below to answer the following question.

Two of the primary consumers in the desert environment area. coyote and rattlesnake b. grass and cactusc. rabbit and grasshopper. d. hawk and coyote.

Page 34: Proficiency Review

c. rabbit and grasshopper.

Both the rabbit and the grasshopper feed on producers (plants) making them primary consumers.

Page 35: Proficiency Review

In the diagram below, Cell I and II represent typical cells.

4. In both cells, organelle 5 is the site ofa. photosynthesis . b. cellular respiration. c. resource storage. d. protein synthesis.

Page 36: Proficiency Review

b. cellular respiration.

Organelle #5 is the mitochondria. This is where cellular respiration occurs.

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5. When gametes are produced from a parent cell during normal meiosis, which of the following describes the number of chromosomes in each cell resulting from this process?Each resulting gamete has

A. the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.  

B. twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.  

C. one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.  

D. one-fourth the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Page 38: Proficiency Review

C. one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.  

Gametes or sex cells have ½ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Page 39: Proficiency Review

Homework

 

1. Graph 1: Rabbits Over Timea. The graph shows a _____________ growth curve.b. The carrying capacity for rabbits is _______________c. During which month were the rabbits in exponential growth?

Page 40: Proficiency Review

Graph 2: Average Toe Lengtha. In 1800, about how many people

surveyed had a 3 cm toe? _________How many in 2000? _________b. In 2000, what is the average toe length? ________ What is the average toe length in 1800 _____________

Page 41: Proficiency Review

Graph 3: Mexico and USa. In Mexico, what percentage of the

population is between 0-4 years of age? ________ In the US? _______b. Which age group has the smallest number in both countries? _______