proficiency review
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Proficiency Review. Biology. Prelesson Quiz. An energy pyramid is represented below. 1. Which of the following number sequence represents the flow of available energy from the base of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid in the ecosystem represented above? a. 100–100–100–100 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PROFICIENCY REVIEWBiology
Prelesson QuizAn energy pyramid is represented below.
1. Which of the following number sequence represents the flow of available energy from the base of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid in the ecosystem represented above?
a. 100–100–100–100 b. 100–75–50–25 c. 100–50–25–0 d. 100–20–5–1
2. Which one of the following does NOT explain why there is a decrease in energy through the trophic levels in an ecosystem?
a. There is an increase in biomass as trophic levels decrease.
b. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time.
c. There is an increase in the number of individuals as trophic levels decrease.
d. Energy is lost from the processes of respiration and metabolism.
3. Use the desert food web below to answer the following question.
Two of the primary consumers in the desert environment area. coyote and rattlesnake b. grass and cactusc. rabbit and grasshopper. d. hawk and coyote.
In the diagram below, Cell I and II represent typical cells.
4. In both cells, organelle 5 is the site ofa. photosynthesis . b. cellular respiration. c. resource storage. d. protein synthesis.
5. When gametes are produced from a parent cell during normal meiosis, which of the following describes the number of chromosomes in each cell resulting from this process?Each resulting gamete has
A. the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
B. twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
C. one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
D. one-fourth the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Activity 1 (15 minutes)
Cell Organelle Matching Game1. Students will get in groups of 2.2. Match the picture of the organelle to the
function.3. Review answers as a group.
1= N 2= L 3=J4= O 5= A 6= K7= F 8= H 9= M10= E 11= I 12=
C13= P 14= G 15=
B16= D
Activity 2 (10 minutes)Ecology Review – Food ChainsAs a class, review the following diagrams and answer the questions.
Ecology Review – Food WebAs a class, review the following diagrams and answer the questions.
Biotic or Abiotic?the sun
Abioticthe sun
Biotic or Abiotic?water
Abioticwater
Biotic or Abiotic?A tree
Biotic A tree
Biotic or Abiotic?Leather
Biotic Leather
Energy FlowEnergy flows when organisms eat
Grass provides energy for the cow
The cow provides energy for us
We get energy from the cow.
The energy flows from the grass to the cow to us.
Grass--- Cow--- Human
The arrows show which way the energy is flowing.
Activity 3 (10 minutes) Human Body Systems
Cells-> tissues-> organs-> organ system-> organism
Cells are the basic unit of life. Somatic cells are body cells (all the cells in an organism except the sex cells). Sex cells are known as gametes (example: sperm and egg)
Tissue is a collection of cells that are similar in structure and that work together to perform a particular function.
An organ consists of various tissues that work together to carry out a specific function. Groups of organs interact to form an organ system. For each organism to survive the organ systems must work together.
Complete Human Body Systems Card Match 1. In groups of 2 or 3,students will match the organ system name
to the function and a disease associated with that organ system.
2. Review answers as a group
Human Body System Match (can do instead of matching Cards) Write the name of the correct system on the space provided. You will use each system once. Skeletal Muscular Integumentary Circulatory Respiratory Immune Digestive Excretory Nervous Endocrine Reproductive ___________________ 1. carries air into and out of lungs, where gases are exchanged Someone who smokes cigarettes develops cancer in the
bronchioles ____________________2. provides protection against infection and disease A person with AIDS is more likely to die from a viral infection because
this system has been compromised. ____________________3. eliminates waste; maintains water and chemical balance A person applies for a new job and needs to be drug tested. A
simple urine test can be used to determine if there are any drugs in this system. ____________________4. controls and coordinates body movements and senses; controls consciousness and creativity Spinal cord damage can result in the lack of movement; may be permanent as
the cells are slow to regenerate. ____________________5. provides structure; supports and moves trunk and limbs; moves substances through body Atrophy in the organs of this system will result in the loss of the ability to move
and may result in the stop of your heartbeat. ____________________6. protects against pathogens; helps regulate body temperature (skin) Mitosis works quickly to repair this organ system when you cut yourself because it’s a main line of
defense against pathogens. ____________________7. transports nutrients and waste to and from all body tissues The protein, hemoglobin, is found in the red blood cells of this
system and is responsible for bringing O2 to tissues. ____________________8. stores and digests food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates wastes Ulcerative colitis is a damaging disease to the intestines.
People with this disease have difficulty absorbing nutrients from food. ____________________9. produces offspring The cells from this system go through the process of meiosis in order to reduce their
chromosomes to a haploid number (1N) ____________________10.. provides structure; supports and protects internal organs Broken ribs might cause difficulty breathing because one job of
this system is to protect vital organs, like the lungs. ___________________11. Maintains homeostasis; regulates metabolism and water balance, growth and sexual development, and reproduction (hormones) Diabetics do not produce the hormone, insulin, because of issues in
their pancreas. Therefore, this system is not working properly.
Answers to Human Body System Match
1. D Respiratory 2. A Immune 3. E Excretory 4. B Nervous 5. I Muscular 6. K Integumentary 7. H Circulatory 8. F Digestive 9. G Reproductive 10. J Skeletal 11. C Endocrine
Mutations
Mutations are changes in DNA. Mutations can be caused by
environmental factors (mutagens) such as radiation, drug exposure, and viruses.
Mutagens may cause mutations in both somatic cells and sex cells.
Mutations can also occur by chance. Mutations in sex cells can be passed on
to offspring. Mutations in body cells cannot be passed
on to offspring.
Mutation Questions Within an individual rabbit, four different
mutations occurred in different genes, located in different cells, as shown in the table below.
Which of these mutations could be passed on to the rabbit’s offspring?Cell
TypeTrait Normal Mutation
Skin Fur Color Black Fur White Fur
Gamete Eye Color Brown Eyes Blue Eyes
Muscle Fur Thickness
Thick Fur Thin Fur
Nerve Tail Length Long Tail Short Tail
Mutation QuestionsGametes are sex cells and mutations in sex
cells can be passed to offspring.
Cell Type
Trait Normal Mutation
Skin Fur Color Black Fur White Fur
Gamete Eye Color Brown Eyes Blue Eyes
Muscle Fur Thickness
Thick Fur Thin Fur
Nerve Tail Length Long Tail Short Tail
Ionizing radiation can damage DNA molecules by causing mutations. If DNA damage from ionizing radiation occurs in blood tissue it A. can be inherited because the DNA
mutation is in a somatic cell. B. can be inherited because the DNA
mutation is in a gamete cell.C. cannot be inherited because the
DNA mutation is in a somatic cell. D. cannot be inherited because the
DNA mutation is in a gamete cell.
Ionizing radiation can damage DNA molecules by causing mutations. If DNA damage from ionizing radiation occurs in blood tissue it
c. cannot be inherited because the DNA mutation is in a somatic cell.
Blood cells are somatic or body cells and somatic cell mutations cannot be passed to offspring.
Postlesson QuizAn energy pyramid is represented below.
1. Which of the following number sequence represents the flow of available energy from the base of the pyramid to the top of the pyramid in the ecosystem represented above?
a. 100–100–100–100 b. 100–75–50–25 c. 100–50–25–0 d. 100–20–5–1
d. 100–20–5–1
A pyramid of energy shows rates of production rather
than standing crop. Once done, the figure would have the characteristic pyramid shape . Grass populations can double in a few weeks, whereas the grasshoppers that feed on them reproduce more slowly and might double in numbers in a few months, and the mice feeding on grasshoppers might only reproduce once or twice a year. Thus, a pyramid of energy takes into account the turnover rate of the organisms, and can never be inverted.
2. Which one of the following does NOT explain why there is a decrease in energy through the trophic levels in an ecosystem?
a. There is an increase in biomass as trophic levels decrease.
b. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time.
c. There is an increase in the number of individuals as trophic levels decrease.
d. Energy is lost from the processes of respiration and metabolism.
b. Energy is lost as organisms grow older over time.
The age of an organism does not effect the amount of energy in an ecosystem.
3. Use the desert food web below to answer the following question.
Two of the primary consumers in the desert environment area. coyote and rattlesnake b. grass and cactusc. rabbit and grasshopper. d. hawk and coyote.
c. rabbit and grasshopper.
Both the rabbit and the grasshopper feed on producers (plants) making them primary consumers.
In the diagram below, Cell I and II represent typical cells.
4. In both cells, organelle 5 is the site ofa. photosynthesis . b. cellular respiration. c. resource storage. d. protein synthesis.
b. cellular respiration.
Organelle #5 is the mitochondria. This is where cellular respiration occurs.
5. When gametes are produced from a parent cell during normal meiosis, which of the following describes the number of chromosomes in each cell resulting from this process?Each resulting gamete has
A. the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
B. twice the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
C. one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
D. one-fourth the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
C. one-half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Gametes or sex cells have ½ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Homework
1. Graph 1: Rabbits Over Timea. The graph shows a _____________ growth curve.b. The carrying capacity for rabbits is _______________c. During which month were the rabbits in exponential growth?
Graph 2: Average Toe Lengtha. In 1800, about how many people
surveyed had a 3 cm toe? _________How many in 2000? _________b. In 2000, what is the average toe length? ________ What is the average toe length in 1800 _____________
Graph 3: Mexico and USa. In Mexico, what percentage of the
population is between 0-4 years of age? ________ In the US? _______b. Which age group has the smallest number in both countries? _______