prof louis c h fourie chair in information systems university of the western cape bellville walter...
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Prof Louis C H FourieProf Louis C H FourieChair in Information SystemsChair in Information SystemsUniversity of the Western CapeUniversity of the Western CapeBellvilleBellville
Walter Sisulu University e-learning conferenceEast London Health Resource Centre3-4 November, 2009
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AgendaAgenda
• IntroductionIntroduction
• E-learning in an Education 3.0 worldE-learning in an Education 3.0 world
• A world of social networkingA world of social networking
• Leadership and ICT PolicyLeadership and ICT Policy
• ConclusionConclusion
• IntroductionIntroduction
• E-learning in an Education 3.0 worldE-learning in an Education 3.0 world
• A world of social networkingA world of social networking
• Leadership and ICT PolicyLeadership and ICT Policy
• ConclusionConclusion
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Running a successful business is like doing a jigsaw puzzle. The problem is
that the pieces and the picture are both changing.
Cyril J. YansouniChairman and CEO
Read-Rite Corp.
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The Internet
eCommerce
Competition
Work, organisations
and the workplace
Industry Transformation
Deregulation
Technology
Globalisation
Several new economic forces have created a complex, dynamic system which exhibits increasing volatility and
enormous growth potential!
A Complex, Dynamic System
DB page 5 - 6DB page 5 - 6
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We are currently undergoing a deep and prolonged
revolution based on digital technologies creating many
new challenges for learning…
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But….
The reform and reshaping of social systems and
institutions has tended to lag behind in periods of
rapid technological change
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It is not the development of It is not the development of technology technology per se per se which poses such a which poses such a challenge to education systems and challenge to education systems and
educational institutionseducational institutions
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but the changing ways in which but the changing ways in which people are using technologies to people are using technologies to
communicate and to communicate and to learnlearn and the and the accompanying social effect of such useaccompanying social effect of such use
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Profound innovations in technology tend to be reflected in older
paradigms
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for example the ‘virtual classroom’ or the ‘Virtual Learning Environment’
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Education needs to be transformed…
"Learning is what most adults will do for a living in the 21st century." – Perelman
"I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates
Source: http://www.etni.org.il/quotes/education.htm
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Source: http://farm1.static.flickr.com/125/322112273_1fd19bade5.jpg
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‘Digital natives are always connected’ - Prensky
Source: http://www.prensky.com
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E-learning in an education 3.0 world
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Education 3.0 entails a world where the organization of Education 3.0 entails a world where the organization of education is no longer based on scarcityeducation is no longer based on scarcity
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Three characteristics of Education 3.0
• The role of students in making choices regarding their way of learning
• Students are socially networked producers of reusable learning content which is available in abundance under licenses that permit the free sharing and creation of derivative works
• Institutional arrangements permit the accreditation of learning achieved, not just of courses followed
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• Digital natives entering higher education• Growing abundance of
free and open educational resources Reusable content and
software• Social networking and the
blurring of the distinction between work and play
Drivers towards Education 3.0
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• Changing attitudes towards learning• New ways to assess & recognize
learning
Drivers towards Education 3.0 (cont.)
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• Digital immigrants who do not understand what has happened in the World Its off the radar screen!
• Institutional arrangements based on scarcity Institutions as island states
Impediments of Education 3.0
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• Lack of knowledge of how to have quality assurance when you are not in control• Financing arrangements for
Higher Education• Digital divide issues in
Africa & developingworld Bandwidth
Impediments of Education 3.0
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The emergenceof the personal
learningenvironment
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Personal Learning Environments (PLE)
Set own learning goals
• Learners take control and manage their own learningLearners take control and manage their own learning• Autogogy - the way a learner self-learnsAutogogy - the way a learner self-learns
Global infrastructure
Manage own learningContent Autogogy
Communication
People network
• A way of learning, not a particular technologyA way of learning, not a particular technology
Create oppor-tunities for personal learning
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The future of eLearning?
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Yesterday vs. Tomorrow
• Event-based learning
• LMS is king
• Evolving standards
• WYSIWYG
• Content + Presentation
• Push Technology
• Workflow learning
• LCMS with an LMS!
• Mature standards
• Dynamic content creation
• Content – Presentation
• Pull Technology
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• Much more sophisticated as an online user
• Expects on-demand online environment
• Wants snippets of information they need … not courses!
• Wants to know what learners like them used and liked
• Wants a platform for open discussion and opinion
• Does not have to be entertained … just needs the facts
The New Learning Expectations …
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Web 2.0: the Social Web
“The social web is transforming the way people use the Internet to do business, access information and connect with each other. It has revolutionised the way we are entertained, and altered forever the way we learn”.
Steve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, 2008
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There are over 110 million active users of MySpace
(2008)
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Net Generation students
“Only by understanding the Net generation can colleges and universities create learning
environments that optimize their strengths and minimise their
weaknesses”
(Oblinger and Oblinger 2005)
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The reaction of institutions to the rise of social
networking has been at best bewilderment, at worst
downright hostility
A refusal to engage in these issues results in learning becoming increasingly
irrelevant to the everyday lives of students
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and particularly irrelevant to the ways
in which (young) people communicate and share knowledge
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Web 2.0 allows
younger people to be
active co-creators of knowledge
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people learn through legitimate participation
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We have to review the industrial learning model including the
organisation of institutions, our pedagogy, curriculum and policy
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Leadership and ICT Policy
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Government ICT policy
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• Most governments now recognise the central role of ICTs in human development and in the development of a technological and knowledge-based economy.
• They formulated ICT Policies
• Lack on the implementation of the policies
Government
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ICT in Education Policy
Any effort to integrate ICT into the education system requires the leadership of the government and the education ministry, working together with other relevant ministries
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Why e-Learning?
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• A country’s capacity to take advantage of the knowledge economy depends on how effectively it can become a “learning economy.”
• This requires drastic shifts in formal education systems to promote life long learning.
• The application of ICTs (and e-learning) can provide essential support to this change process
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University ICT policy
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Three pre-conditions for the formulation of an ICT policy
• A thorough understanding of the changing educational environment, preferred technologies and needs of the learner.
• An appreciation of the financial, resource and operational requirements.
• A commitment by the leaders of the institution.
• An integrated support service.
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What constitutes Good Policy?
• A careful analysis of the current context.
• The type of society and economy that is being built.
• The research and analysis of international and local developments and trends.
• An outline of the key issues.
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An ICT policy following a holistic approach
This approach could be used to reflect emphasis on blended learning (rather than just e-learning) using a multiplicity of technologies.
• Kelly, Phipps & Swift developed a blended approach to e-learning accessibility
• This approach focuses on the needs of the learner
• Requires accessible learning outcomes, not necessarily e-learning resources
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This is an approach (and policy) where the This is an approach (and policy) where the learner’s e-learning systems need to be under the learner’s e-learning systems need to be under the
control of the learners themselves.control of the learners themselves.
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This approach (& policy) recognises the role of the individual in organising their own learning
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The future of e-learning is learner-centric
(Adler & Rae, Jan., 2002, e-learning Mag)
• The future entails having a personalised learning environment that reflects the individual style and learning needs of the student, and is instantly available. Not only will it be one point of learning entry for everything you need to learn, but it will continue to learn as you learn and modify its behaviour based on interacting with you over time.
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“Learning is not the product of teaching.
Learning is the product of the
activity of learners.”
- John Holt
http://www.flickr.com/photos/tzofia/
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Using whatever tools and devices Using whatever tools and devices the learners choosethe learners choose
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Current e-learning devices
• Wikis• Blogs• Podcasts/Vodcasts• Electronic discussion groups• m-Learning (Mobile Learning)• Virtual reality - Second Life• Game-based learning
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E-Learning Technologies of Future?
1. Social networks and personalised learning environments
2. Electronic Books3. Intelligent Agents4. Online Language
Support5. Online Mentoring6. Online Simulations7. Peer-to-Peer
Collaboration
8. Reusable Knowledge Objects
9. Virtual Worlds/Virtual Reality/AI
10. Wearable Computing
11. Wireless Technology
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Client-centered learning: Learning as the need arises
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University leadership
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Leadership
• Create a culture that encourages innovation in e-learning
• Lead the organisation’s ICT vision, strategy and objectives
• Develop, implement and monitor policies for the acquisition, maintenance and use of ICT
• If needed, conduct an ICT development project
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Three essentials for embedded e-learning
Staff skills
Curriculum design Infrastructure
TheThe
learnerlearner
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The difficulty of the leadership task
…the future remains stubbornly unknowable, and yet we still
have to design for it……