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1 Univeristas Indonesia

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1

BackgroundTechnological development does not only give positive impacts,

but also negative impacts. One of the negative impacts of pollution is

through various media, such as water, air, soil, noise, and so on. Moreover,

technological developments that occurred in countries are developing in a

vast rate. Booming population is one of the factor that multiplies the

negative impact brought about by advances in technology.

At this time, it is very difficult to get clean air in growing cities.

Human population growth along with the number of car users, particularly

in Indonesia, to be one of the causes of difficulty to find clean air.

Construction of the building, the layout of the ventilation in the room that

is not well placed also causing difficulties to get clean air despite have

been in a room.

Dirty air, of course detrimental to the society, given the potentially

dirty air cause various diseases in people in their daily life simply can not

be separated from areas of contaminated air. Diseases that arise can be

cured by making investments on health. More severe disease can also

attack and instead require greater health investment. Dirty air problem has

become quite crucial for the society as an investment for the diseases

caused by dirty air is quite large.

Nowadays, many technologies that support efforts to clean up the

air. One such technology is the air purifier. Air purifiers generally to clean

air by filtering pollutants found in the air so that the air becomes cleaner

and no pollutants are inhaled. Pollutants in the air such as dust, bacteria,

viruses, volatile organic components, and smoke particles, and others.

Indonesias tropical climate has always encouraged high sales of

air treatment products, although recent developments in the Indonesian

climate have boosted demand for air treatment products even further.

Towards the end of the review period, Indonesias climate patterns became

even more uncertain, with an overall trend towards rising temperatures


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Universitas Indonesia

amidst irregular rain patterns. The overall rise in temperature in Indonesia

has encouraged higher volume sales in air treatment products, volume

growth in air treatment products even higher in 2011 than the robust

growth recorded during 2010.

As the Indonesian climate is set to become even more

unpredictable during the forecast period amidst growing concerns over the

potentially negative effects of global warming on Indonesia, demand for

air treatment products is set to become even stronger. Even with the

already strong penetration of air treatment products and the robust growth

recorded during the review period, air treatment products is still expected

to record particularly healthy growth during the forecast period.

Air purifier product market share is large enough. In addition, air

purifier products are also increasingly needed by people who live in a

place filled with pollutants. People are beginning to realize the importance

of clean air for health. Market growth is also driven by rising demand in

the community with increasing purchasing power.

On the other hand, the presence of a room air purifier should be

able to fit in well in the sense that the air purifier can serve as decor.

Making the air purifier should also be based on the aesthetic aspect as this

will increase the selling value.

1.2 Objectives

The objective of this report is to fulfill the task of product design

courses. In addition, the manufacture of this report aims to train members

of the group in the manufacture of products by conducting simulation

experiments, from the stage of survey, survey data processing, to the

making the prototype for air cleaning products. More than that, we are

trained to be innovative by planning a new product which will compete

with existing products in the market.

1.3 Problem Formulation

The conceptual framework manufacturing air purifier room

decoration is done in the design of this product is associated with the use


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of factor products. Some products still cause problems of noise, power

consuming, less attractive design, no air purifier products are still

produced little ozone at work. Products are currently not able to answer

the problems, especially regarding the price and still many people who do

not have knowledge about the air purifier.

1.4 Problem Identification

Here is the identification of problems of air purifier products:

1. Prices are quite expensive for the air purifier on the market because thetechnology used is quite expensive.

2. Generally, air purifier products enough energy consuming. Air purifierwhich consumes a lot of energy wasteful and environmentally harmful.

3. The appearance of air purifier that is still less attractive.4. Air purifier is still poorly known in Indonesia. The majority of people

still have no idea about how the air purifier works.

1.5 Problem Limitation

For the discussion of the air purifier not going so far, then the problem is

limited by a few things, namely:

1. Air purifier products are designed with a more affordable price.2. Air purifier products are within the scope of the technology is still

limited, the case is that previous products are still using the existing

technology.

3. Air purifier products to be designed considering the state of theenvironment, especially in terms of power consumption.

4. The main target of the air purifier products to be made are the uppermiddle class people who care about the quality of the air

5. Popularize air purifier because air purifier product are still less knownby people


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4 Universitas Indonesia

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1

AirAir is a gas mixture contained in a layer that surrounds the earth

and component gas mixture is not always constant. The air is also the

atmosphere around the earth whose function is essential for human life in

this world. The air consists of 78.6% nitrogen, 20.8% oxygen, and other

gases such as carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Air is vital to living things, due to every organism breathes.

Atmospheric air is inhaled by living creatures composed of 78.62%

nitrogen, 20.85%, and the remainder in the form of carbon dioxide and

water vapor. Air quality can be reduced if contaminated by air pollutants,

bacteria, viruses, and odors. Decline in air quality causes health problems

for living things that breathe.

2.1.1 Indoor Air Quality

From the definitions in general, indoor air quality is the

quality of air in a confined space that can affect the user's room, as

well as the comfort of the room. If indoor air quality is not good,

then the consequences will cause illness for residents who are old /

live in it. Diseases caused by indoor air quality poor include

asthma, burning eyes, skin rashes and so on.

According to the World Health Organization, definition of

health is a state of fully healthy and did not suffer any pain, and the

human rights to a healthy environment in the room including theright to breathe clean air at a comfortable temperature as well as

the rights of visually healthy and comfortable.

According to ASHRAE (American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air Coinditioning Engineers) requires a level of

comfort, influenced by: indoor air temperature, room humidity, and

wind speed in the room. Limitation comfort effective temperature


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23 C - 27 C, air velocity 0.1 to 1.5 m / s, relative humidity

between 30-60%.

2.1.2

Air PollutionAir pollution is a phenomenon of the presence of chemicals

and particulates that should not be contained in the air with the

amount that exceeds the limit. Air quality is a measure of the

quantity of impurities contained in dlamanya. Clean air is air that is

free of pollutants, bacteria, viruses, odors and odor.

Sources of indoor air pollution according to the research of

the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

broken down into 5 including:

1. Pollution caused by the activities of occupants in the buildingsuch as cigarette smoke, pesticides, cleaning materials room.

2. Pollution from the exterior of the building includes the entry ofmotor vehicle exhaust gases, due to the placement of the

kitchen chimney ventilation hole locations are not exact.

3. Pollution from indoor building materials such as formaldehyde,glue, asbestos, fiibreglass, and other materials.

4. Microbial contamination includes bacteria, fungi, viruses, orprotozoa that can be found in the airways and the air

conditioning system and all.

5. Lack of fresh air coming in due to the disruption of airventilation systems and the lack of maintenance of ventilation

equipment.

Conditions of indoor air quality is associated with

contamination microorganism (mold, bacteria), chemicals (CO,

radon), allergens and causes stress that can affect health. Now it

can be proven that indoor air more polluted than the air outside, but

using good ventilation contamination can be reduced.

Indoor air quality (indoor air quality) is actually defined as

intentionally or unintentionally by the occupants of the room itself.


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There are buildings that are specifically regulated, both the

temperature and the frequency of air exchange using special

ventilation equipment, some are done by utilizing the natural

weather conditions to regulate the building can be opened. Indoor

air quality is also affected by temperature and humidity can affect

the comfort and health of occupants. Thus, the air quality is not

free in the room varies. If there is no free air in the room the air

pollutants in concentrations sufficient to have the opportunity to

enter the body of its inhabitants.

In general, health problems come from poor indoor air

quality, which lead to things such as skin irritation, neurotoxic

symptoms, hypersensitivity, and odor and taste symptoms. The

term syndrome hospital or sick building used to describe the

condition is very severe, at first it may irritate the skin, eyes and

throat, headache, but if left unchecked will cause cancer and

respiratory problems.

2.1.3 Air Pollutant

Air pollutants are chemical substances which should not be

available in the air because it can cause health problems for living

things that breathe. Pollution in a room can be caused by gases or

particles spread through the air. The source of the gas is building

materials, cigarettes, cleaning products, cosmetics products,

fireplaces, furniture, and HVAC systems. Poor air quality can also

be caused by insufficient outside air into the can removes all

particles.

The following arethe parametersabout thecontent ofcontaminantsin

the airandthe extent which is permitted:

Table 2.1. Parameter and Performance Criteria

No. Parameter Performance criteria

1. Nitrogen

dioxide (NO2)

288 1 hour average

40 long term average


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2. Carbon

monoxide

100 15 minute averaging time

60 30 minute averaging time

30 1 hour averaging time

10 8 hours averaging time

3. VOCs 3008 hours averaging time

4. Ozone 100 (not applicable to dwellings)

5. Mould Growth No visible mould on external walls in a properly

heated building

Contaminant Parameter

In general, the source of particles in a clean room system aredivided into two categories, namely internal sources and external

sources:

Internal SourceThe particles in the clean room systems derived from

individuals who came into the room, the wall surface is peeling

clean room systems, the process of the tool being used, and the

manufacturing process itself. Largest internal source of

particles comes from individuals who fit into the clean room

systems.

External SourceSources of particles that enter the clean room system from

outside, usually through doors, windows, and walls of pipes,

channels, and so on. But the largest external source is derived

from air-conditioning equipment.

Air pollutant can cause adverse to health. The table below is a

list of air pollutant with the impact to health

Table 2.2. List of Pollutants and The Effect to Health

Pollutant Main source Effect to health

Cigarette smoke Cigarette Respiratory irritation;

bronchitis and pneumonia

on children; emphysema;


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lungs cancer; and heart

attack

Carbon monoxide Damaged gas producing

equipment; wood

burning stoves; cigarette

Headache; convulsions,

nausea; eyes and mental

damaged; fatal in high

concentration

Nitrogen oxide Damaged gas producing

equipment

Eyes, nose, and throat

irritation; respiratory

infection on children

Volatile Organic

Compound (VOC)

Aerosol spray; solvent;

glue; cleaning ahent;

pesticide; paint;

drycleaned clothing,

treated water, air

freshener; and mosquito

repellent


irritation; headache; liver

, brain, and kidney

damage; various type of

cancer

Formaldehyde Wood product such as

triplex; furniture;

wallpaper; woven

material


irritation; headache;

allergic reaction, cancer

Respirable Particles Cigarette; aerosol spray;

and dust


irritation; bronchitis, and

respiratory infection and

liver cancer

Biological Agents Dust; pet; bed; dirty AC;

humidifier; humid places

or damp; furniture

Allergic reaction, asthma;


irritation; fever,

influenza, and another

infection disease

Asbestos Broken divider; fireproof

paint; and acoustical

Asbestosis, lungs cancer,

mesothelioma, and


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materials another cancer

Lead Sanding or open-flame

burning of lead paint;

dust

Nerves and brain damage,

usually on children;

anemia; kidney damage;

hampered growth

Radon Soil below buildings,

building materials that

come from soil or water

soil

Lung cancer

2.2 Bacteria

Bacteria are often maligned as the causes of human and animal

disease (like this one, Leptospira, which causes serious disease in

livestock). However, certain bacteria, the actinomycetes, produce

antibiotics such as streptomycin and nocardicin; others live symbiotically

in the guts of animals (including humans) or elsewhere in their bodies, or

on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form.

Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread; bacteria

help to break down dead organic matter; bacteria make up the base of the

food web in many environments. Bacteria are of such immense importance

because of their extreme flexibility, capacity for rapid growth and

reproduction, and great age - the oldest fossils known, nearly 3.5 billion

years old, are fossils of bacteria-like organisms.

Bacteria are present in the air, soil and water. Bacteria are

ubiquitous, present in the soil, air and water around you. Some bacteriacan be beneficial, while other bacteria causes illness and even death.

Pathogenic bacteria, those organisms that cause disease, relentlessly

bombard your body daily. Your body's immune system fights off most of

these invaders. Some types of bacteria cause more harm to humans than

others, overwhelming your body's defenses and frequently causing death

in terrifying ways and at alarming speeds. Some examples of dangerous


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bacteria are Bacillus Anthracis, Clostridium Botulinum, Escherichia Coli,

Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

2.3 Virus

Viruses are tiny organisms that may lead to mild to severe illnesses

in humans, animals and plants. The virus particles are 100 times smaller

than a single bacteria cell. The bacterial cell alone is more than 10 times

smaller than a human cell and a human cell is 10 times smaller than the

diameter of a single human hair. Viruses by themselves are not alive. They

cannot grow or multiply on their own and need to enter a human or animal

cell and take over the cell to help them multiply. These viruses may also

infect bacterial cells. Examples of common human diseases caused by

viruses include the common cold, influenza, chickenpox, and cold sores.

Many serious diseases such as ebola, AIDS, avian influenza, and SARS

are caused by viruses

Figure 2.1. Size of Bacteria and Virus

Source: google.com

2.4 Cause of Odor Smell

Free flowing air can contain odor smell that come from:

Cigarette smoke Air pollutant that is caused by NOx VOC Rotten food Smell of animalsSmell from these sources can cause disturbance in our respiratory system.

2.5 Types of Air Purifier


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Different air purifier filters target different types of air pollution.

Because different air purifier technologies have different strengths and

weaknesses, many modern air purifiers combine two or more filter or

media types in the same unit. For example, our #1-selling Austin Air

Healthmate utilizes a HEPA filter along with an to help eliminate dust and

odors. Regardless of the filter media used, always look for some mention

of a "sealed system" or similar terminology. The best filter in the world is

literally worthless if the unit leaks air and allows purified and dirty air to

mix. Below is the list of types air filter and technology that have been used

in the air purifier:

2.5.1 HEPA Air Filter

Figure 2.2. HEPA Filter

Source: google.com

HEPA stands for High Efficiency Particulate Air and this

air purification technology was originally developed during World

War II to remove radioactive dust particles from the air to protect

soldiers respiratory systems. Today they are often used to filter

household air with the capacity to trap 99.97% of all airborne

particles that are as small as 0.3 microns in size and 95% of minute

particles down to 0.1 micron. When air contaminants are inhaled,

the bodys natural defense system is more vulnerable to small


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particles below 0.5 microns. That is why HEPA air filters are the

most recommended by Allergists and Doctors because of their

ability to remove the majority of air contaminants down to the

microscopic level.

HEPA filters are able to remove all of the contaminants

above because they are larger than 0.3 micron. HEPA filters alone

do not capture chemicals, fumes, and cigarette smoke because their

microns are smaller than 0.3. This is why it is important to

purchase a HEPA air filter that includes an activated carbon filter

that will capture these allergens that the HEPA cannot.

HEPA filter is designed to remove smaller pollutant with

mechanism as shown below.

Interception, particle follows the flow track of air and stick tothe filter.

Impaction, bigger particles couldnt avoid the fiber byfollowing the curve contour within the airflow and are forced to

stick to the fiber directly. This event will increase along with

the fiber separation and greater airflow.

Diffusion is an increasing mechanism where it is resultedofrom the impact between gas molecules with smaller particles,

especially below 0.1 m, by blocking and delaying the

screening in the filter.

The advantages of using the HEPA filter:

Removes dust, pollen, mold spores, dust mites, and otherallergens.

Removes most bacteria Solid particles captured are not released into the air againThe disadvantages of using the HEPA filter:

Does not remove chemical fumes, cigarette smoke, or odors. Not as effective in capturing the smallest viruses Micro-organisms captured in filter can breed or reproduce,

resulting in increased micro-organism populations


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2.5.2 Ionizer Technlogy

An air ionizer is built around a negative ion generator. This

generator sends out a stream of negative ions that attract positive

airborne dust and allergen particles in the air. As a result, these

particles become too heavy to remain airborne and fall to the floor.

As the majority of surfaces in a room are positively charged, the

particles from the ionic air are attracted to these surfaces as well.

This means that the area around the ionic filter tends to get dark

spots on nearby walls and floors. Some ionizers however, have

special electrostatic precipitators which trap particles on a metal

plate. To remain effective, these plates need to be cleaned

regularly.

Ionizers are a relatively inexpensive way to clear second

hand smoke. However, if you have a problem with dust or pollen

an ionizer air purifier may not be the best choice because the

particles are not completely eliminated. The main health concern

related to ionic air purifiers is the fact that they produce ozone as a

byproduct. When ozone is inhaled directly into the lungs, it can

pose a health risk. The EPA classifies ozone as a toxic gas that

causes lung damage, triggers asthma attacks, and can even lead to

increased risk of death. These are all facts that need to be taken

into consideration when purchasing the right air purifier.

The advantages of using the ionic air filter:

Removes ultra-fine particles as small as 0.01 microns

Sterilizes bacteria, viruses, smoke, and other toxic fumes Very quiet because there are no fans or motorsThe disadvantages of using the ionic air filter:

Removes particles from the air, but not from the room.Particles land on floors, walls, & furniture and may be easily

put back in the air.

Produces ozone as a by-product Does not remove odor


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2.5.3 Ultraviolet Light Air Purifiers

Figure 2.3. UV Filter

Source: google.com

This purifier uses a UV light that has electromagnetic

radiation that will destroy bacteria and other pathogens by breaking

the molecular bonds in their DNA. UV air filters kill these particles

without any actual filtration, but rather use rays of ultraviolet light

to eliminate them as they pass.

A UV light air purifier works well to kill bacteria, viruses,

molds, and yeasts that may remain in the air. Unfortunately they

will not take care of dust, allergens, or solids in the air. UV light

can be beneficial to those who get sick often because they help

prevent illness and diseases. Air purifiers with UV filters are often

used in sterile environments such as hospitals, kitchens, daycares,

and labs. In residential use, they are great for controlling mold.

Optimal performance is attained when these air filters are

used in unison with other types of air filters. That way they canwork together to remove a wider spectrum of air contaminants such

as odor, chemical fumes, and allergens that UV air purifiers do not

remove.

Some ultraviolet filters generate ozone to kill bacteria and

sometimes may not be properly dispersed, posing a serious health

concern. If purchasing an Ultraviolet light air purifier, make sure to

find a system that does not produce ozone.


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The advantages of using the ultraviolet light air filter:

Ability destroy micro-organisms, such as germs, bacteria andmold.

Helps prevent illness and diseaseThe disadvantages of using the ultraviolet light air filter:

Does not remove most allergens, dust, or solids in the air Does not remove chemical fumes, gases, or cigarette smoke

2.5.4 Zeolite Adsorbent

Figure 2.4. Zeolite Adsorbent

source: google.com

Zeolites are most useful commercially because of their

unique crystal structure, which allows them to act as molecularsieves selectively sorting molecules based on particle sizes

that adsorb gases and liquids. For example, zeolites are used in the

United States in pet litter, animal feed, horticulture (fertilizers and

soil additives), laundry detergent, air purifier, and water

purification. Zeolite-containing volcanic tuffs are also still mined

to use as dimension stone, lightweight aggregate and in cement.

Zeolite adsorbs and absorbs moisture, fumes, carbon

monoxide, sulphur dioxide, formaldehyde, and most indoor

chemical gases. Zeolite also remove ammonia odors, diaper pails,

mold, mildew, duct system, and also in basements.

2.5.5 Activated Carbon Adsorbent


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Figure 2.5. Activated Carbon Filter

Source: google.com

Active carbon is an effective adsorbent material because it

has a great number of big porous. Because of that, the activated

carbon have a great number of surface area. A 2 gram activated

carbon will have about 100 m2 surface area. Activated carbon will

use the adsorption process with can der Waals force, dragging the

material to the surface of the carbon. Adsorption on the activated

carbon can be summarized into 3 basic steps:

1. Substance adsorped to the outside surface of granule crabon2. Substance move to the porous of the carbon3. Substance adsorped to the inside wall of the carbon

Activated carbon and charcoal filters excel at adsorbing

odors and gases and neutralizing smoke, chemicals, and fumes.

"Adsorb" is not a typo; "adsorption" occurs when materials attach

through chemical attraction. Activated carbon has been treated

with oxygen, opening up millions of pores in the carbon. There are

so many of these tiny pores that one pound of activated carbon has

a surface area of 60 to 150 acres. This huge surface area makes it

ideal for adsorbing gases and odors.


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Figure 2.6. Activated Carbon Trapping Components

Source: google.com

These chemicals and gases are too small to be trapped by a

HEPA filter, but they bond to the enormous surface area in the

activated carbon. The bigger the carbon filter, the more chemicals

it will be able to absorb and the longer it will keep on working.

When it's full, it can't adsorb any more and has to be replaced.

Impregnated carbon filters contain an additional chemical (a

"chemisorbent") to eliminate certain chemicals like VOCs by

rendering them harmless or trapping them within the filter media.

Activated carbon filters are rarely used alone to purify the air, but

they are often used in conjunction with other filters.

The advantages of using the activated carbon filter:

The most absorbent filter available Captures chemical fumes, gases, cigarette smoke, and odors Does not release contaminants back into the airThe disvantages of using the activated carbon filter:

Does not remove dust and other allergens Does not remove micro-organisms


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2.5.6 Photocatalytic Filter

Figure 2.7. Photocatalytic Filter

Source: google.com

Photocatalyst is a process that combine a photochemical

process and a catalyst. Photocatalyst is a synthesis proses with the

involvement of light. Light becomes the trigger of the process and

catalyst accelerates the transformation process. Catalyst that is

used as photocatalyst have the ability to adsorp photon energy.

Materials that can be used as a photocatalyst have area with zero

energy which is called energy bandgap. The materials should be

semiconductor. Semiconductor materials will function as catalyst if

light contact with it and it has the same energy or larger than the

energy bandgap on the semiconductor. The event causes electron to

be excitated.

Titanium oxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor that is often used

as photocatalyst in the application of photocatalytic reaction

because of its superiority.

1. TiO2 is photostable ( stable when contacts with light)2. Resistance to photocorrosion3. Stable chemical properties4. Non-toxic5. High activities of photocatalytic6. The price is not really expensive


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In photocatalytic air purifiers, the catalyst that cleans the air

is typically titanium dioxide (sometimes called titania) and it is

energized by ultraviolet (UV) light. The photocatalytic air purifier

is based on photocatalytic oxidation (PCO), an emerging air

purifier technology that converts fine particles and toxic gasses

into safer compounds. PCO is FDA approved for reducing bacteria

in poultry and pork processing, and is used to cleanse pesticides

from fruits and vegetables.

Photocatalytic air cleaner uses broad spectrum ultraviolet

light, which reacts with a thin-film titanium dioxide-based

chemical catalyst, in the presence of water, to create hydroxyl

radicals and super-oxide ions which oxidize volatile organic

compounds (VOCs), and eliminate microorganisms adsorbed on

the catalyst surface.

Free radicals are uncharged atoms or molecules with

unpaired electrons. Unpaired electrons are highly reactive, so free

radicals are likely to quickly engage in chemical reactions.

Hydroxyl radicals are among the most powerful oxidizers in the

world, stronger than chlorine, ozone, and peroxide, and

consequently very short lived. Superoxide is created by the

addition of one electron to oxygen. This free radical has a

relatively long half-life: less than one second.

Organic substances, like germs and volatile organic

compounds, are held together by carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen or

carbon-hydrogen bonds. Oxidizers chop these bonds and cut themolecule into smaller compounds which are broken over and over

until only carbon dioxide and water are left.

A photocatalytic purifier can eliminate particles down to

0.001 microns from air, including the very tiny lung penetrating

particles I keep hollering about. Remember most HEPA air filters

balk at particles smaller than .3 microns.


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Pollens, dust mite allergens, pet dander, mold, bacteria, and

viruses in the air, are on the list of items removed. Larger particles,

such as pet hair, require a prefilter. Photocatalytic air purifiers can

eliminate toxic gas phase VOC pollutants including formaldehyde,

exhaust fumes, benzene, toluene, and odors like ammonia and

hydrogen sulphide from our air. Even gases like carbon monoxide

and nitrous oxide, untouched by every other technology on this

site, are destroyed.

During the catalytic free radical generation process ozone is

temporarily created. Some escapes, with varying claims from

vendors. Some assert zero ozone while others publish ozone tests

ranging from .01-.04 ppm. Most people can smell ozone at .01

ppm.

The advantages of using the photocatalytic filter:

Capture most pollutants Mainly destroy pollutant, no need to clean the material so oftenThe disadvantages of using the photocatalytic filter:

Produce a small amount of ozone2.5.7 Electrostatic Filter

Figure 2.8. Electrostatic Filter

Source: google.com

Electrostatic filter work on the same principle of electricity

as ion generators and ozone generators, but electrostatic

precipitators capture impurities rather than simply forcing them to


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cling to an external surface. Electrostatic precipitators use

electronic cells to charge particles within the purifier and

immediately trap the impurities on collector plates. The main

advantage with this type of air purifier is that the collector plates

never have to be replaced; they can be easily washed in the

dishwasher. Be aware that some electrostatic precipitators also

generate ozone.

2.5.8 Ion Cluster Technology

Ion cluster technology is a sanitising technology that

purifies the air by emitting positive and negative ions.

Plasmacluster ions, which is pioneered by Sharp Corporation, show

the most promise for the future of ionic air purifier technology. Ion

cluster technology deactivates suspended airborne mould, viruses,

dust mite allergens and bacteria. It also attacks a wide range of

odours including pet, cooking, garbage, and cigarette smoke.

2.5.9 Pre-Filter

Pre-filters remove pet hair and other large particles prior to

primary filtration and come with nearly all air purifiers. Most

prefilters are either foam or some sort of non-woven nylon, and

some have electrostatic properties to increase filtration. Pre-filters

usually are combined with another filters.

2.5.10 Photoplasma

Photoplasma technology enhance the benefits of ultraviolet

light and photocatalytic oxidation through the creation of

photoplasma. The ultraviolet light, photocatalysts and photoplasma

remove contaminants from air and surfaces by utilizing the

principles of photochemistry, photoplasma, and photoionization

through the photoelectric effect. The synergy of their interaction

produces a unique and superlative way of cleaning air and surfaces

of contaminants.


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Using plasmas for contaminant removal is a relatively new

technology. However, since contaminant destructuion actually

occurs through attack by atomic oxygen and oxygen radicals

created by plasma, the science of contaminant removal is

universally understood.

2.5.11 Water Surface Trapping Technology

Water surface trapping technology relies on water surface

to trap contaminants. Air is suck with a vacuum with certain angle

so that the air flow is forced to contact with water surface. By

doing so, pollutants are trapped in the water. Water surface

trapping best used for trapping larger pollutants. dust, pollen, pet

dander, etc.

2.6 Interior Decoration

2.6.1 History of Interior Decoration

The existence of an interior decorator is expected to begin

appearing in 1720 in Western Europe. Famous interior decorator at

the time was William Kent, that although the profession is

primarily a painter, he was also doing decorations include furniture

selection, color space and aesthetic elements of the room such as

paintings and other decoration.

In London, interior decoration work was also done by

upholsters (people working in the field of chairs and wall coating),

while in Paris conducted by 'marchand-Mercier' / merchant of

goods, namely furniture dealer who once served as the generalcontractor. The architects in the UK and continental Europe also

play a double to an interior decorator. This is because the expertise

decorate the room is also one of the areas of expertise of an

architect.

2.6.2 Definition of Interior Decoration


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The word decor is derived from the English word

"decorate" meaning decorate, while "decration" mentioned in the

same source means ornaments. From the sense of the word, an

understanding can be defined that decoration is associated with the

activities of ornamental decoration-decorate or an activity that aims

to beautify something.

The interior decor is generally associated with something

that involves finishing (painting, coating), surface processing,

furniture arrangement and wall coating. Although the decor is a

key element of the interior design, but no specific reference to

human interaction and habits that constitute the field of interior

designers work. It could be assumed that the interior decoration is a

sub part of the interior design field related activities-decorate

ornamental.

The interior decor is smaller than the scope of work of

interior design, and a small part of the interior design work. The

interior decor is generally associated with elements of the interior

coating. There are no government regulations governing the work

of decorators and do not need formal education requirements to

become an interior decorator.


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CHAPTER III

NEEDS AND IDEAS

3.1

Collecting DataIn a market research survey to conclude customers needs air

purifier products, the authors performed a simple concept first from the

results of the review of existing literature, both patent and benchmarking.

This is done to prepare questions to both the user and not the product.

The author conducted a special interview to users who have

existing products in order to get the exact needs. The author conducted a

study of literature and discussions with experts to examine the types andgroups of questions aimed to determine whether the charging instructions,

constructs the questions, and the words used in the question can be

understood by the respondents. The author does not make a variable and

test reliability and validity because this interview is exploratory and not

quantitative. Test reliability and validity will be done when the needs are

summarized and the authors have compared with expert judgment or

patent and product benchmarking in determining specifications.

Respondents were mostly obtained by visiting the office, elite

housing, apartments, dormitory, hospitals, research laboratories, and

visited several discussion forums such as environmentalists, community

respiratory disease (ISPA), and individuals were detected using the

product. In addition, respondents who are not writers get the user

questionnaires spread made with type and group interviews with a few

questions. All respondent writers from Jakarta, Bekasi and Depok,considering the already polluted air in these areas.

Initially, the authors have trouble finding air purifier product users

because users of these products are among the minority who are concerned

with health, users who desperately need clean air due to certain illnesses

such as respiratory or allergy, users who work with environmental and

labor-intensive activity. Users of these products are also very dependent of

a certain economic level. In this discussion, the authors will describe the


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demographic profile of respondents and analysis of the findings and the

results of interviews and concluded quiz needs of air purifier products.We

divide the interpretation of respondents by people who use the air purifier

and people who does not use the air purifier.

3.1.1 Air Purifier User

Figure 3.1. Demographic Age of Respondents

Source: Researchers Personal Data

From thediagramabove, it can be seenthat

theagedistribution ofrespondents consisted ofage15-20 years, 20-30

years, 30-40 years, 40-50 yearsandabove 50years old. Each

categoryconsists of 6% of thetotalrespondents54 peopleforthe age

category15-20 years, and 20-30 yearsof ageforclassificationas

much as31%, age30-40 yearsby 52% which is thehighestage

rangeorin figurescertainlyby 28respondents, aged 40-50thenthere

are 5people orabout 9%, and theage categoryabove 50years

ofabout 2%.

Percentageof theacquisition, the agedistribution

ofmostusersarein the age rangeof 30-40 yearsfollowed bythe age

range of20-30 years. Itinterpretssomethings,

whichmostusergroupsare atthe top ofthe pyramidof

productiveage(prolific workforce). This will bedirectly related to

theage ofthelevel of awareness ofa healthy environmentandthe

purchasing power ofthe product.


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Figure 3.2. Demographic Data of Respondents Education Last Taken


Educationswhich lasttaken by therespondentsaredividedinto sevencategories,namelySD/equivalent,

junior/equivalent, high school/equivalent, Diploma, S1, S2, andS3.

Based on the datashown infigure above, as theeducation levelof

respondentsundergraduatefinalin first placewith anumber of23

respondents(42%), followed in successionby

thediplomacategoryby 11respondents(20%), graduate from high

school is 9respondents(17%), doctoralrespondent is2%,

andgraduate from SD/equivalentas much as 1respondent(2%). In

this case,norespondent represent fromjunior highschool graduate.

Diagram above will give theinterpretationthatusers of

airpurifieristheeducation levelis high enough.This is related tothe

level ofknowledgeabout the environment.

Job and Income of Respondents

Occupation of respondents is divided into four categories,

namely unemployed, civil servant, private company, and

entrepreneur. From the data which have been get from respondents,

the majority of respondents in this research, the number of 37

respondents working in private company (72%), followed

successively by 7 respondents who worked as entrepreneur (14%),


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6 respondents as unemployed (12%), and 1 respondent worked as a

civil servant (2%).

Figure 3.3. Demographic Data of Jobs Respondents


The chart abovecomeswith adiagram ofthe monthlyincome

ofthe respondents, which is as follows.

Figure 3.4. Respondents Income


Demographic data onmonthly incomeof respondentswas

divided into fivecategories,namely20 millions. Based on

dataassummarizedin the figure above, the respondentshavea

monthlyincome ofas much as 5-10millionsamajorityof 24

respondents (45%), followed in successionby therespondents

withan income ofseveralmillions10-2 millions are 14 people(26%),


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11 respondentswith amonthly incomeof 2-5millions(20%), 4

respondentswitha monthly income of >20millions(7%), and

1respondents witha monthlyincome of


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Description of Interview Findings

The clean air contaminant by the respondents is as follows.

Figure 3.6.Condition of Air Pollutant

Source: author's personal preparations

From the diagram above, the need for water purifier

respondent is to reduce and eliminate contaminants dust particles

(66%), smoke (24%), smoke kitchen (10%). Contaminants dust asthe largest percentage because most respondents were employees

in a labor-intensive businesses, people in desease, Jakarta and

surrounding environment contaminated with microbiological and

inorganic substances detrimental to the free air. This of course will

bring water purifier variants that suit your needs to clear the air of

contaminants that have been mentioned above.

The same thing also arise from the question whether the

water purifier in the form required or not. A total of 78% said it

was important to say and the rest is not important.


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Figure 3.7.Importance of Air Purifier


When further analyzed, 78% were needed water purifier

and 22% said no need water purifier, depending on the

respondents' perception of products, which is of the following

questions as a perceived shortage of the product's user respondents.

Figure 3.8.Disadvantage of Recent Product


From the picture above, the lack of existing products which

is 48% of respondents use a heavy price. Variable pricing becomes

dominant product shortages exist is indeed proven that the early

middle-income to high-45% of respondents considering the

monthly income of 2-5 millions and 26% with incomes 5-10

Not in Optimum

Function

4%

Price

48%

maintainance

44%

noise

4%

Disadvantage of Recent Product


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millions-and a relatively high level of education not directly

proportional to the product presumption exists for 2-5 millions

(benchmarking). This of course raises some hypotheses such as the

ignorance of the market price of the product as 44% of respondents

are users of water purifier provided by the company / institution.

Following qualifying price range of water purifier user's

desired respondent.

Figure 3.9.Desire Price Range


In addition, the function of the water purifier itself is be a

fatal drawback for respondents. Having explored, respondents

wanted water purifier capable of removing all types of air

contaminants. However, the reasons for the impracticality of

products related to the comfort of the air are also revealed by the

respondents as a deficiency. Respondents take seriously the

concept of air-water purifier with energy efficiency reasons,

pricing, maintenance, and use. Hope respondents also associated

with additional functions such as the fragrances that can be refilled

with the product.

The authors also do not forget to ask customers to evaluate

the product advantages exist that are used with exposure in the

following diagram.


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Figure 3.10.Advantage of Recent Product


Excess respondents which are revealed by the picture above

is a legitimate function of a water purifier and an affordable price

with each percentage of 68% and 11%. As for the others with a

percentage of less than 10% of the evaluation does not cause side

effects 9%, not 6% noise, air freshener 4%, and 2% maintenance

easy.

If you look at the percentage composition diagram needs to

be a shortage of products that the consumer voice and compared

with the evaluation of the diagram above, the authors looked at the

lack of information be balanced with qualifications. However, if

further investigated using analysis of distribution and demographic

data, it can be seen that the average shortfall which dates to 44%

and 48% to the price and function with optimal exposure energyefficiency, tools, and the use of products such as those described

above, not directly with numbers below 10% said that the lack of it

is an advantage in products that already exist. That is, the rate of

more than 0.4 on a scale 1, the product of the strengths of the

existing products still needs customers, i.e. price, energy

efficiency, tools, and use.

Optimal

Function

68%

Price

11%

Another

function, airfreshner

6%

maintainanc

e

2%

noise

4%

harmless

9%

Advantage of Recent Product


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The last question is about the artistic from the water

purifier. 48% of respondents put the product to be hung on a wall,

35% placed on the floor, 13% of other such moves as needed, and

4% were placed on the table. This of course raises the idea of a

framework to tailor product packaging variants, which means

customers need the flexibility to be placed with a variant of the

previously mentioned.

Figure 3.11.Air Purifier Placement


This is confirmed by the next question that not only laying

the flexibility needed products, but also the need for decorating

room that can be met by the product water purifier in the room.

Some 50% of respondents said the room decor is important, 29%

said it was important, and 17% said fairly important.


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Figure 3.12.Importance of Room Decoration


Of the many questions of exploration through direct

interviews of the 54 respondents are spread across multiple

locations, the authors ask final questions, which is equal to the

effect that the respondents felt puriefier water. A total of more than

50% said very significantly affect 41% said the effect, and only

about 5% said it had no effect.

Figure 3.13.Impact on Health


The author also asks a history of diseases related to air,

both the spread of bacteria or viruses and respiratory genetically to

further worsen by airborne contaminants. This question writer

freed respondents to select more than one disease at a time often

suffered ever. In general, air purifier from the user community


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among people with respiratory infections, people with diseases

such as asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, and others suffer

continuously from ISPA most severe level to the least light.

Parameter is the most severe patients should be on clean air

environment at all times. Meanwhile, the respondents other than

ARI community, such as office workers, residents of a house or

apartment, hospital and laboratory personnel, the disease is a

disease that often affects cough, flu, allergies, and others.

Activities related to the respondent's activity room and field

activities that they do.

Users of air purifier to the respondents, there are seven

disease distillate exploratory diseases, such as the diagram below.

Figure 3.14. Disease chart of respondent


In the diagram above, it is known that the disease cough

and influenza highest ranks of the disease profile of respondents.

From the interview the author, it was found that the disease is

almost never affects 75% of respondents. So it is with strep throat.

It is concluded that the air purifier is very necessary to purify the

air in the room and in the field events as well as requiring a

14

47

42

26

8 9

36

11

5

0

510

1520

2530

3540

4550

Disease Chart


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specific variant of air purifier that fits with any illness / existing air

contaminants.

3.1.2

Air Purifier Non-UserIn addition to conducting interviews, the authors also

distributing questionnaires addressed to the audience who are not

users of air purifier. It aims to obtain information on whether the

respondent knew or not that product. In addition, this questionnaire

also serves as a process of gathering user needs by category instead

of the product.

Figure 3.15. Demographic Data of Respondents Age


From the diagram above, it can be seen that the age

distribution of respondents consisted of age 15-20 years, 20-30

years, 30-40 years, 40-50 years and above 50 years old. Each

category comprises 29% of the total respondents were 49 people

for the age category 15-20 years, then for classification aged 20-30

years which is the age range most or the exact figure as many as 25

respondents or 51%, age 30-40 year by 12%, then the age of 40-50

are 2 or about 4%, and so did the age category above 50 years of

around 4%.

15 - 20

29%

20 - 30

51%

30 - 40

12%

40 - 50

4%> 50

4%

Age of Users


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Figure 3.16. Demographic Data of Respondents Education Last Taken


Educations which are last taken by the respondents are

divided into seven categories, namely SD/equivalent,

junior/equivalent, high school/equivalent, Diploma, S1, S2, and S3.

Based on the data shown in figureabove, respondents were high

school graduates as education final in first place with a number of

30 respondents (61%), followed in succession by the S1 graduate

category by 15 respondents (31%), S2 graduate with 2 respondents

(4% ), and respondents were primary school graduates and S3 are

both numbered 1 person (2%). In this study, no respondents

represent junior high school/equivalent and diploma.

Respondents Income

Demographic data on monthly income of respondents was

divided into five categories, namely 20 millions. Based on data as

summarized in the figure below, respondents with a monthly

income of as much as


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(8%), and 3 people each respondent with millions of monthly

income by 10-20 and> 20millions (7%).

Figure 3.17. Demographic Data of Respondents Income


Figure 3.18. Demographic Data of Respondents Living


For the category of respondents who do not have it, we also

asked respondents type of dwelling, such as a house, apartment, or

dormitory. Based on the interview to the 49 respondents not users

of air purifier, it was found that the largest percentage of on-site

housing as many as 33 people (67%), followed kostan as many as

< 2 million

63%

2 - 5 milllion

rp

17%

5 - 10 million

rp

8%

10 - 20 million

rp

6%

> 20 million rp

6%

Income


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13 people (27%), 2 respondents who live in apartments (4%), and

others as many as 1 person.

Importance of Clean Air of the Respondents

Figure 3.19. Demographic Data of Importance of Clean Air


From the figure above we can estimate how important are

clean air for the non-user respondents. The categories start from

very important, important, quite important, not very important and

not important at all. From the total of 49 respondents, most of

respondents think that clean air is very important or rather

essential, since 33 respondents (67%) are in very important

category. For the important category, there are 13 respondents

(27%), quite important get 2 respondents (4%), not very important

stands for 1 respondent (2%), and there is no one that think that

clean air is not important at all.

History of Diseases

For authors distribute questionnaires, there are questions

about the history of illness and disease that often affects the course

closely linked to the air. From the diagram below, a disease that

often affects the respondents claimed 23 people with flu and cough

followed by as many as 8 people. Things are different with a

Very

important

67%

Important

27%

Quite

important

4%

Not very

important

2%

Importance of Clean Air


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disease that often affects (in the diagram below). Respondents

noted that even 26 people who frequently suffer from cold and

cough followed dengan19 diseased. In addition, asthma, sinusitis,

allergies still amounts to 2-3 people.

Figure 3.20. Disease Chart of Respondents


Deviation of the respondents' answers to the questionnaire

does not measure the reliability and validity of which raises the

number of respondents will differ from the recognition of a history

of the disease and the disease often suffer because the question is

explorative of the non-users of air purifier. However, from the

refined diagram above, of course, that the segment of non-users is

still thick with disease transmitted by air and require significant air

purification equipment.

Dominant Air Pollutants of the Respondents Living

Based on the interview to the 49 respondents non-users of

air purifier, it was found that the most dominant of air pollutant as

many as 32 votes is dust, followed by cigarette as many as 27

1

8

23

3

1

3

12

12

0

5

10

15

20

25

Disease Chart


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votes, third is pollution from outdoor which got 20 votes, smoke of

cooking activity that has 11 votes and others as many as 9 votes.

Figure 3.21. Demographic Data of Dominant Air Pollutants


Desired Air Purifier

Figure 3.22. Demographic Data of Desired Air Purifier


For the category of respondents who do not have any air

purifier, we also asked respondents what advantages that they want

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Cigarette

smoke

Dust Smoke of

cooking

activity

Pollution

from

outdoor

Other

Dominant Air Pollutants

49

36

12

2733

20

2730

49

1620

10

21

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Respondent

Desired Air Purifier


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if the eventually buy any air purifier. They can choose more than

one advantage at a time (in one sophisticated air purifier).

Desired Price Range

Figure 3.23. Demographic Data of Desired Price Range


Demographic data on desired price range of the air purifier

itself was divided into five categories, namely 7 millions. Based on data

as summarized in the figure above, respondents with desired price

range of 7 millions of air

purifier.

Importance of Room Decoration

From the diagram below, it can be seen that the importance

of room decoration for respondents consisted of 49 respondents

and five categories, they are very important, important, quite

important, not very important, and not important at all. For 7

< 1 million

43%

1 - 3 million

30%

3 - 5 million

20%

5 - 7 million

0%

> 7 million

7%

Desired Price Range


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respondents (15%), room decorations are very important. In the

other hand there are 13 people (29%) who thought that room

decoration are each important and quite important. And for some

other respondents, 8 respondents (18%) say that room decorations

are not very important, where the other 4 respondents (9%) say that

room decorations are not important at all.

Figure 3.24. Demographic Data of Importance of Room Decoration


Desired Decoration

Figure 3.25. Demographic Data of Desired Decoration


For the desired decoration, the categories are paint art,

sculpture, decorative plants, and displays. There are 49 totals of

respondents, and most of them choose paint art as the most desired

Very

important

15%

Important

29%Quite

important

29%

Not very

important

18%

Not important

at all

9%

Importance of Room Decoration

Paint Art

39%

Sclupture

0%

Plant

30%

Displays

31%

Desired Decoration


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paint art which get 39% or 20 respondents attention. Displays and

decorative plants are each gain 16 (31%) and 15 (30%)

respondents. When, in the other hand, the sculpture gains none of

attention of respondent.


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3.2 Interpreting Data

Table 3.26 List of Questions , Answer, and Needs

No Question Answer Need

1 Kind of disease which is

the most frequently

suffered

Allergy, Influenza, Asthma, TBC,

Chickenpox, Mumps, Sore eyes,

Bronchitis, Laryngitis, Pneumonia,

Sinusitis

Air purifier product which have anti-allergen function

Air purifier product which have disinfect function

2 What brand or type of air

purifier do you know (for

non-user)

Mostly just answer one brand which have

had big promotions

Air purifier product with good promotion

Air purifier product which is easily obtained / found

2 What do you know about

air purifier?

Device to purify the air from dust bacteria,

viruses, pollutant, and odor. Usually air

purifier technology can be found in air

conditioner

Air purifier product which can filter dust

Air purifier product which have disinfect function

Air purifier product which have detoxification function

Air purifier product which have deodorized function

3 What kind of pollutant

which most potentially

pollute your room?

Smokes, Dust, Vehicle pollution Air purifier product which can filter smoke

Air purifier product which can filter dust

Air purifier product which have detoxification function


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Table 3.26 (Continued)

4 What kind of purifier that

you want?

Air purifier with optimal function ; have

lower prices, have another function as air

fragrance, easy to clean, practical

maintenance, have ideal size, easy to use,

don't produce too much noise, harmless or

don't have side effect, have other function

as air conditioner, stable, air purifier with

artistic design, freshen up the air, have

pollutant indicator, have remote control,

have automatic system, can be mosquito

repellant, consuming lower energy

Air purifier product which could clean the air

immediately (quick work)

Air purifier product which have wide coverage area

Air purifier product which have lower price compared

to market price

Air purifier product with air fragrance function

Air purifier product with practical maintenance

Air purifier which is easy to clean

Air purifier product with ideal size

Air purifier product with ideal weight

Air purifier which is easy use

Air purifier product which don't produce too much

noise

Air purifier product which is harmless

Air purifier product with air conditioner function

Air purifier product which is stableAir purifier product with interesting design

Air purifier product which freshen up the air

Air purifier product with humidifier function

Air purifier product with pollutant indicator


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Air purifier product with remote control

Air purifier product with on/off sensor

Air purifier product with mosquito repellent function

Air purifier product which is saving energy

5. Price of purifier which you

want

Most of respondent answer below Rp 1

million and Rp 13 million

Air purifier with lower price from the market

6. For the user, what is the

advantage of air purifier

that you use?

Air Purifier have optimal function

Price is reasonable

Air purifier have another function as air

freshener

Maintenance is easy and practical

The Air purifier dont produce too

annoying noise

Air purifier dont harmless or dont

negative side effect for health

Air purifier product which could clean the air



Air purifier product which have lower price compared

to market price

Air purifier product which freshen up the air

Durable air purifier product


Air purifier product which don't produce too much

noiseAir purifier product which is harmless


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7. For the user, what is the

disadvantage of air purifier

that you use?

Price is too expensive, difficult

maintenance, The function is not optimal,

produce too much noise

Air purifier with lower price from the market

Air purifier product which can clean the air



Durable air purifier product


8. How important room

decoration in your romm?

Mostly respondent answer important Air purifier product with interesting design

9. What kind of decoration do

you like?

Paint, decorative plant, displays, sculpture Air purifier product which can be placed on the wall

Air purifier product which can be placed on the floor


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3.3 Tidying up the Data

From the respondent interview data about air purifier, we

couldinterpret the respondent answer as consumer need. In this interview,

there are two groups which were users and non-users of air purification.

For users group, the interview was more to the emphasizing about the

advantages and disadvantages about their air purifier. Meanwhile, for

comprehendnon - users group the interview was about what kind of air

purifier that they want.

The interpretation of respondent showed consumer needs from

both group. From the interpretation, we could make list of needs that is

showed in table 3.2.

Table 3.27. List of Needs

No List of Needs

1. Air purifier product which have anti-allergen function

2. Air purifier product which have disinfect function

3. Air purifier product which is easily obtained / found

4. Air purifier product with good promotion

5. Air purifier product which can filter dust

6. Air purifier product which have detoxification function

7. Air purifier product which have deodorized function

8. Air purifier product which can filter smoke

9. Air purifier product which can clean the air immediately (quick

work)

10. Air purifier product which have wide coverage area

11. Air purifier product which have lower price compared to market

price

12. Air purifier product with air freshner function

13. Air purifier product with practical maintenance

14. Air purifier which is easy to clean

15. Air purifier product with ideal size

16. Air purifier product with ideal weight

17. Air purifier which is easy to use

18. Air purifier product which don't produce too much noise

19. Air purifier product which is harmless


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Table 3.27. (continued)

20. Air purifier product with air conditioner function

21. Air purifier product which is stable

22. Air purifier product with interesting design23. Air purifier product which freshen up the air

24. Air purifier product with humidifier function

25. Air purifier product with pollutant indicator

26. Air purifier product with remote control

27. Air purifier product with on/off sensor

28. Air purifier product with mosquito repellent function

29. Air purifier product which is saving energy

30. Durable air purifier product31. Air purifier product which can be placed on the wall

32 Air purifier product which can be placed on the floor

3.4 Grouping and Rating the Needs

From the list of needs, we can group them in to several groups

which are performance, regulation, retailing, variant, physics specification,

usage and maintenance, and placing. This grouping helps us to mapconsumer need.

Beside of grouping, each need description is also rated. The

grouping and rating is done so that we can know which group is essential

for product design and which group is not too important to be considered

if we design a product. Rank of needs is as follow:

1. Undesirable2.Not important3.Nice to have4. Highly desirable5. EssentialNeeds grouping and ranking shows in table 3.3


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Table 3.28. Grouping and Ranking

Group No Need Description Rank

Performance

1Air purifier product which have anti-allergen

function 5

2Air purifier product which have disinfect

function5

5 Air purifier product which can filter dust 5

6Air purifier product which have detoxification

function5

7Air purifier product which have deodorized

function5

8 Air purifier product which can filter smoke 5

9Air purifier product which can clean the air

immediately (quick work)3

10Air purifier product which have wide coverage

area4

21 Air purifier product which is stable 4

23 Air purifier which freshen up the air 4

29 Air purifier product which is saving energy 5

Retailing

3Air purifier product which is easily obtained /

found3

4 Air purifier product with good promotion 3

11 Air purifier product which have lower price 5

Regulation18

Air purifier product which don't produce too

much noise5

19 Air purifier product which is harmless 5

Usage and

maintenance

13 Air purifier product with practical maintenance 3

14 Air purifier which is easy to clean 4

17 Air purifier which is easy use 4

30 Durable air purifier product 5

Feature

12 Air purifier product with air freshner function 3

20 Air purifier product with air conditioner function 3

22 Air purifier product with interesting design 3

24 Air purifier product with humidifier function 3

25 Air purifier product with pollutant indicator 3


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Table 3.28. (Continued)

26 Air purifier product with remote control 3

27 Air purifier product with on/off sensor 4

28Air purifier product with mosquito repellentfunction

3

Physical

Specification

15 Air purifier product with ideal size 4

16 Air purifier product with ideal weight 3

Placing

31Air purifier product which can be placed on the

wall3

32Air purifier product which can be placed on the

floor3


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CHAPTER IV

PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

4.1 List of Specification

From the group of needs, we can determine specifications of our

product. The specification is stated in magnitude and metric unit. This

magnitude and metric unit translate the consumer needs in to technical

specifications so that help us to consider the design specification product.

The list specification is showed in table 4.1.

Table 4.1. List of Specification

Gr

oup

No Need Description SpecificationsMetric

UnitRank

Performance

1Air purifier product which have anti

alergen function

Filtration capability mikron 5

Filtration efficiency % 5

2Air purifier product which have disinfect

function

Disinfection

CapabilityCFU/L 5

5 Air purifier product which can filter dust Filtration capability mikron 5

6Air purifier product which have

detoxification function

Removal toxic

chemicals

capability

% 5

7 Air purifier product which havedeodorized function

Removal VOCcapability

% 5

8 Air purifier product which can filter smoke

Reduce toxic

chemicals

capability

% 5

9Air purifier product which can clean the

air immediately (quick work)

Volume Flow Rate m3/h 3

Design subj 3

Ergonomic subj 3

10Air purifier product which have wide

coverage areaCoverage Area m2 4

21 Air purifier product which is stable Vibration frequency Hz 4

23 Air purifier which freshen up the airRelative humidity %

4Temperature oC

29 Air purifier product which is saving energy Power watt 5

Retailing

3Air purifier product which is easily

obtained / foundQuantity unit 3

4 Air purifier product with good promotionPackaging and

appearancesubj 3

11Air purifier product which have lower

pricePrice Rp 5


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Regulation 18

Air purifier product which don't produce

too much noise

Noise Level dB 5

19 Air purifier product which is harmlessConcentration of

Ozoneppb 5

Usa

geandmaintenance 13

Air purifier product with practical

maintenance

Design for

maintenancesubj 4

Ergonomic subj 4

14 Air purifier which is easy to cleanDesign for cleaning subj 4

Ergonomic subj 4

17 Air purifier which is easy useDesign for usage subj 4

Ergonomic subj 4

30 Durable air purifier product material strength bar 5

Feature

12Air purifier product with air

freshnerfunction

Aroma subj

3Concentration of

fragranceppm

20Air purifier product with air conditioner

function

Relative humidity %

3Temperature oC

22 Air purifier product with interesting design Design subj 3

24Air purifier product with humidifier

function

Relative humidity %3

Temperature oC

25 Air purifier produt with pollutant indicator Pollutant indicator Y 3

26 Air purifier product with remote control Remote control Y 3

27 Air purifier product with on/off sensor Sensor on/off Y 4

28Air purifier product with mosquito

repellent function

Concentration/

Weight of

Mosquito Repellant

M orgram

3

Physical

Specification

15 Air purifier product with ideal size

Volume(dimension)

mm3 4

Design subj 4

16 Air purifier product with ideal weight weight kg 3

Placing 31

Air purifier product which can be placed

on the wall

design and

ergonomicSubj 3

32Air purifier product which can be placed

on the floor

design and

ergonomicSubj 3


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Universitas Indonesa

4.2 Metric Needs

Table 4.2. Matrix of Metrics and Needs

Group N

o

Need

Description

Metric

Filtrationcapability

Filtrationefficiency

DisinfectionCapability

RemovalVOCcapability

Removaltoxicchemicalscapability

VolumeFlowRate

Coveragearea

Vibrationfrequency

RelativeHumidity

Temperature

ElectricityPower

ProductQuantityonMarket

Packagingandappearance

Price

NoiseLevels

ConcentrationofOzone

Design

Materialstrength

Aroma

Concentrationogfragrance

Ergonomic

Feature

Concentration/WeightofMosquitoRepellant

Volume(dimension)

weight

umikron

%CFU/L

% %m3 /h

m2

Hz

% o C Watt

Unit

Subj

Rp

dB ppm

Subj

bar

Subj

ppm

subj

Yes

Morgram

mm3

kg

Performance 1

Air purifier product which haveanti alergen function

2

Air purifier product which have

disinfect function

5

Air purifier product which can

filter dust


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Performanc

e

6Air purifier product which havedetoxification function

7Air purifier product which havedeodorized function

8Air purifier product which canfilter smoke

9

Air purifier product which canclean the air immediately (quick

work)

10

Air purifier product which have

wide coverage area

21

Air purifier product which is

stable

23

Air purifier which freshen up

the air

29


saving energy

Retailing 3

Air purifier product which iseasily obtained / found

4Air purifier product with goodpromotion

11Air purifier product which havelower price

Regulation

18 Air purifier product which don'tproduce too much noise

19


harmless


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Usageand

maintenance

13Air purifier product withpractical maintenance

14Air purifier which is easy toclean

17 Air purifier which is easy use

30 Durable air purifier product

Feature

12Air purifier product with airfreshner function

20Air purifier product with airconditioner function

22Air purifier product withinteresting design

24

Air purifier product with

humidifier function

25


pollutant indicator

26

Air purifier product with remote

control

27

Air purifier product with on/off

sensor

28


mosquito repellent function

Physical

Specificatio

n

15 Air purifier product with idealsize

16Air purifier product with ideal

weight


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Placing

31Air purifier product which canbe placed on the wall

32Air purifier product which canbe placed on the floor

4.3 Benchmarking

After we define the specifications and the matrics, we need to compare every specification among competitors. The

benchmarking is very useful to design a product. Benchmarking helps us to spot opportunities between existing products. The

specifications will be compared among 5 air purifier in the market.


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4.3.2 Benchmarking on Metrics

Table 4.3. List of Specification

No Metric Rank Metric Unit Own A B C D E

Performance

1,5 Filtration capability 5 m > 0,3 > 0,3 > 0,3 > 0,3 > 0,3 -

1,5 Filtration efficiency 5 % 99,97 99,97 99,97 99,97 99,97 -

2 Disinfection Capability 5 CFU/L

6,7 Removal VOC capability 5 % (1 hr) < 50

6,8 Removal toxic chemical capability 5 % (1 hr) < 50

9 Volume flowrate 3 m3/h -

10 Coverage area 4 m2 640 m2 22 48 38 50 6 - 9

21 Vibration frequency 4 Hz

20,23,24 Relative Humidity 4 % 45 65 45 65 40 -70 45 65 45 65 35 - 60

20,23,25 Temperature C 2430 2430 ambient 2430 2430 1630

29 Electricity Power 5 Watt 35 - 120 8.850 44 14 330

Retailing

3 Product Quantity on Market 3 Unit

4 Packaging and appearance 3 Subj

11 Price 5 Rp

Rp

2.000.000

Rp 4.500.000

4.825.000/unit 4.799.000/unit 2.900.000/unit 3.900.000/unit 2.900.000/unit

Regulation

18 Noise Level 5 dB < 29 3256 23-54 46 < 29 < 30

19 Less concentration of Ozone 5 Ppm < 10


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Usage and Maintenance

13 Design for Maintenance 3 Subj

14 Design for usage 4 Subj

17 Design for cleaning 4 Subj

30Material strength 5 Pa

Feature

12 Aroma 3 Subj

12 Concentration of fragrance 3 Ppm

22 Interesting Design 3 Subj

25 Pollutant Indicator 3 Yes No No No No No

26 Remote Control 3 Yes No No No No Yes

27 Sensor on/off 4 Yes No Yes Yes No No

28Concentration/Weight of Mosquito

Repellant 3M or gram 0 0 0 0 0

Physical Specification

15Volume (dimension) 4

mm3(W x H x D) -

533 x 432 x241

416 x 643 x295

402 x 574 x252

460 x 330 x600

860 x 292 x223

16 weight 3 Kg - 11 11 8.9 7.7 8.5

Placing

9, 12,22

31,32Physical Design 4 Subj

9,10,13,14,17,

31,32

Ergonomic 4 Subj


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Notes: Dot shows qualitative level of specifications. Comparison using dot

is done when data of specifications is hard to be found. More dots means

better specification. In this benchmarking, we use range 15 dot where 5

dots means the specification value approach the ideal value.

Volume flowrate: A = 100255 m3/h and D = up to 378m3/h Penetration Efficiency : means good capability Less ozone concentration : (2 dots) means < 20 ppb Aroma and Concentration of fragrance: (1 dot) means theres no

air freshener function,; (4 dots) means the air purifier have air

freshener function

Product Quantity on Market: (4 dots) mean easy to found Vibration frequency: (4 dots) mean stabil Material strength: means no visible damage with 2500 pa

pressure differential for 60 minutes

4.3.3Description about air purifier in benchmarking:

4.3.3.1 Air Purifier A

Air Purifier A represents air purifier with high

performance. This air purifier consists of pre-filter where large

particles are trapped, the electrostatic HEPA-type filter where the

small particles are trapped, and the ionization chamber where the

air mixes with negative ions. When the air cycles back through the

unit, the charged particles cling to the electrostatic filter media.

The unit contains one polypropylene 3-stage progressive filter that

contains millions of ultra-thin fibers with each state trappingprogressively smaller harmful particles as they pass through the

pleats.

It also have a progressive carbon filter with a honeycomb-

type structure that improves airflow and has hundreds of odor and

gas absorbing carbon pellets. The filter contains 2.0 lbs of coconut

shell activated carbon impregnated with a 70/30 blend of

Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and Potassium Iodide (KI). The


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carbon eliminates volatile organic compounds (VOC), which are

responsible for odors.

This air purifier using durable construction that is made of

galvanized steel and is powder coated for durability and

environmental protection that produces no chemical off gassing.

4.2.1.2 Air Purifier B

Air purifier B represents air purifier with humidifier

feature. Its using ion cluster technology (7000 ion/cm3) produce

OH radical, which able to degradate pollutant. The age of ions in

the air will be longer double times by humidifying function.

Besides that, this air purifier have automatic function,

which is equipped with a sensor that can detect air quality levels of

dust, odor, and air humidity in the room where the air purifier is

placed

4.2.1.3 Air Purifier C

This air purifier represents a good looking design air

purifier. Air purifier with brand C could collect dust for air

clearness, eliminates airborne viruses, bacteria, fungi, mold and

allergens with S-Plasma ion technology.

It has triple air purifying filters. The pre-filter blocks large

dust such as pollen, animal fur, etc. The HEPA filter screens

microscopic dust and harmful substances in the air. Also the

deodorization + DNA filter eliminates unpleasant odors so youhave healthy and fresh indoor air for you & your family. The DNA

filter removes effectively PAHs and carcinogenic substances

fromthe air including dioxin and benzopyrene that are harmful to

human body.

4.2.1.4 Air Purifier D

Air purifier D represent sharmless air purifier because do

not use ionizer technology

produk assgmn uts(2)

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