production of nuclear energy and its uses

8/8/2019 Production of Nuclear Energy and Its Uses

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y In radioactive decay, the amount of nuclear energyreleased is very small and cannot be used as a source of

energy by human beings.y However in nuclear reaction, a huge amount of energy

can be produced.

y There are two types of nuclear reaction

-Nuclear fission-Nuclear fusion


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Nuclear fission

y Nuclear fission is a process in which a heavy andunstable nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei,roughly equal in size with the release of two or threeneutrons and a huge amount of energy.


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1. A neutron bombards a uranium

nucleus an is absorbed.2. Unstable uranium-235 nucleus is

formed.3. Nuclear fission4. This causes the nucleus to split

into two smaller and stable nucleiof two elements.

5. Two or three neutrons and a lot ofenergy are produced during

fission6. Radioactive radiation alsoreleased together with productionof nuclear energy


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Nuclear fusion

y

Nuclear fusion is a process in which two light nucleicombine to form a heavier and more stable nucleus,with the release of a huge amount of energy.


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1. High temperature is required

to give enough kinetic energyto the nuclei.2. Two light nuclei collide and

combine. A large amount ofenergy is released.

3. Fusion produces heavier andmore stable nucleus which isthe helium nucleus. Singleneutron is released.

4. The nuclear energy producedby nuclear fusion is safer to beused as no radioactiveradiation is produced


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Uranium fission is used for fuel in nuclear powerplants to make electricity.

What is fission?

Where does it takes place?

Fission of the uraniumFission of the uranium--235 nucleus or the plutonium235 nucleus or the plutonium--230 nucleus to230 nucleus to

produce nuclear energy takes place in a controlled way in a reactor.produce nuclear energy takes place in a controlled way in a reactor.

REACTOR VESSEL


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The nuclear energy is used to boil water to produceThe nuclear energy is used to boil water to producesteam under very high pressuresteam under very high pressure

The steam under high pressure turns a

turbine.


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The used steam goes to a condenser where it iscondensed into water. The water is returned to the

reactor for use again.


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The turbine spins a dynamo (generator) to produceThe turbine spins a dynamo (generator) to produce

electrical energy.electrical energy.

Electrical energy transmitted by cables

to the consumers


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NUCLEAR GENERATOR


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GENERATOR

TURBINE

CABLE

REACTOR

CONDENSER


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REACTOR (To produce nuclear energy from nuclear fission)

CONDENSER (Turn the steam to water)

TURBINE (Drives a dynamo)

GENERATOR (Produce an electrical energy)

CONSUMER (Transmit the electrical energy to the consumer)


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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1. Do not pollute theair as do not release

harmful gases.2. Only smallamount ofradioactive

substance is neededand lower costinvolve in producingthe electrical energy.

1. Explosion andenvironmental

pollution causedeath anddeformities of baby.2. The creation of

nuclear weapons oratomic bomb for thepurpose of war


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Short term effects Long term effects

DiarrhoeaVomitingNauseaThe body feel veryhotHair loss

Body cells arebeing killedMutationCataractCancer andleukemiaDeath


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1. Place where the radioactive resources are stored mustdisplay the warning symbol of radioactive substances.

2. Workers exposed to radiation should wear protectiveclothing.

3. Robots are used in handling dangerous radioactivesubstances.

4. Radioactive substances and wastes should be stored andtransported in lead or concrete container.

5. Workers who handle radioactive substances must weardocimeter to measure the radiation received. This toprevent over exposure to radioactive radiation.

production of nuclear energy and its uses

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