prodromous tsiavos
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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0
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Extracting Value from Open Licensing Arrangements:
CC 3.0 and beyond
Dr. Prodromos TsiavosEnCoRe
UKOER2010 23 07 10_ _
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four elements
Data Licence
Value Flow
Life Cycle
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1
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| DATA || |
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What do we mean by -DATA-?
Copyright vs. Database RightPublic Sector InformationData ProtectionFreedom of InformationTransparencyINSPIRE
<legal>
</legal>
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Where should I look for governance
instruments?
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LawsEU directives
Organisational procedures
Employment contracts
Policies
International treaties
contributors agreements
Funding agreements
Licence Agreements
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2
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| VALUE || |
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| Uncomfortable Truths || |
Four
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Value does not necessarily mean
£££
No. One
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Types of value identified per case study
BL ASR BMAGIC VoB BBC CenturyShare
MyExperiment
BECTA NEN Repurpose
OMII NLH LOR
Non Monetary
Educational X X X X X X X X
Reputation building X X
Quality Improvement X X X X
Audience Creation X X
Increasing relevance of material
X X X X X X
Collective Memory X X X X
Research X X X X X X X
Building on existing Knowledge
X X X X
Culture dissemination and preservation
X X X X
Monetary
Revenue Creation X
Sustainability X X X X
Securing future funding X X X X X
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Value does not always follow the
No. Two
model
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model
the
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u
i
give
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u
me
give
£
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Value may follow the
model
network
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model
networkIn the
I don t 'sell
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I don t 'sell
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I create value from relationships
model
networkIn the
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Think of:
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and
No. threecost
openness
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Free as in Free Beer
(You get it for free)
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Free as in Free Speech
(You speak your mind)
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Free as in FreeDom of Information
(Free access to public information)
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Free as in Free Puppy
(You get it for free......and you have to pay it for the rest of your life)
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requires
No. FourValue
clarity
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requires
clarity
rules
No. Four
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3
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| LICENCES || |
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[three expressions]
[1]
Human-Readable: Commons Deed
[2]
Lawyer-Readable:
Legal Code
[3]
Machine-Readable:
Meta DataLogo + Link
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schematic
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Is Commercial Use Allowed?
Yes No
CC_BY CC_BY_SA CC_BY_NC
CC_BY_NC_ND
CC_BY_SA_NC
CC_BY_ND
Can the User Make Changes?
Must the Derivative Work Be Distributed Under the Same Terms and Conditions?
YesYes NoNo
YesYes NoNo
CC_BY CC_BY_SA
Open Closed
Prodrom
os Ts iavos © 2010 C
C_B
Y_N
D
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Licence Species
Creative Commons Licences CC Sampling Licence
Public Domain Dedication
Developing Nations Licence
Six Basic licences based on the combination of three licence elements
Music Sharing
Founders’ Copyright
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Licence Species
Creative Commons Licences CC Sampling Licence
Public Domain Dedication
Developing Nations Licence
Six Basic licences based on the combination of three licence elements
Music Sharing
Founders’ Copyright
XX
XXT
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[modules]
Creative Commons licensing operation
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Understanding the operation of the licences
Dual Structure
Basic Template
Variable Licence Elements
Licence principles:
The licensor retains her copyright and autonomy
The licensee is the recipient of a number of freedoms the licensor chooses to award
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The operation of the basic template I (freedoms)
Basic Freedoms
To reproduce the work
To include the work in a collective work
To distribute copies
Display publicly, perform publicly, to perform publicly by means of digital audio transmission
To modify the work so that the rights may be exercised in all media formats/ platforms
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The operation of the basic template II (licensor’s autonomy)
The licensor retains autonomy/ control
Licensor reserves all rights not explicitly granted
No sublicensing is allowed
The licensee is obliged to carry all notices regarding the copyright of the licensor
The licensee is obliged to attribute the original author
The licensee cannot impose any additional legal restriction or obstruct the dissemination of the work (e.g. using Digital Rights Management)
The Licensor may license the work under different terms and conditions
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Attribution
Non Commercial
No Derivatives
ShareAlike
Licence elements
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Combinations
Attribution
Attribution – Share Alike
Attribution – No Derivatives
Attribution – Non Commercial
Attribution – Non Commercial - ShareAlike
Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives
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Attribution
Non Commercial
No Derivatives
ShareAlike
Licence elements
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41
Combinations
Attribution
Attribution – Share Alike
Attribution – No Derivatives
Attribution – Non Commercial
Attribution – Non Commercial - ShareAlike
Attribution – Non Commercial – No Derivatives
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[CCUK 3.0]
Additional Features
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+ from CC 2.5
* single licence for all three jurisdictions (EW/ NI/ SC)* Clarifications (collective work/ licensor/ restrictions/ TPM/ Attribution* No Endorsement* Express Moral Rights Acknowledgement* CC Notice * SA features* Differentiation between derivative and original* Sui Generis Database Right
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The ShareAlike element
Share Alike
• It refers to the derivative works
• When the licensor creates a derivative work, she has to further license it under the same terms and conditions as the work it was based upon
• Particularly relevant when multiple authors create a work in a virtual environment (e.g. wikis, sampling sites)
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The ShareAlike element and the GFDL licence
•As of 03.11.08, the CC_BY_SA and GFDL licences are compatible
•Wikipedia transition
•Huge step in reducing fragmentation of the commons
•URL: http://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/10443
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Remember:- know your value- clear your rights- standardise- use mixed models
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4
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| fLOWS || |
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Types of Open
Access
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Horizontal open
access
1
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Examples
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Shallow Open Access
•There is a central acces point only• Superdistributions (p2p) is not possible • The licences used are essentially expressions of limitations (exceptions, fair use, fair dealing)
User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
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Why Shallow Open Access
* Content control* Quality assurance* provenance* de facto control of commercial uses* Limited issues of rights clearance
User 1
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User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV Access Point
Organisation
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV Access Point
Organisation
Flow of content
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV Access Point
Organisation
Flow of Content
Flow of permissions
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Key licence elements Ι
Limitations on: (a) Use Private Non Commercial-For Educational purposes only- No Derivative Works(b) User-Teachers / Educators - Academics- Students Staff of other organisations (HE – FE – MLA)(c) Location Membership Country / region campus Members of specific organisation (d) Moral rights Attribution Integrity Non Endorsement
User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
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Key Licence Elements ΙΙRights/ Freedoms: (a) Use Private(b) Communication to the public-Educational-NonCommercial(c) Reproduction-Private-Non Commercial-Educational
User 1
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User IV
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Key Licence Elements ΙΙΙOther important elements: (a) the licences are either contracts that require offer, consideration and acceptance (e.g. British Museum) or “naked” “bare” licences(b) there are licencespecific definitions on: noncommercial – private – educational use(c) there are specific provisions with regards to-Personal data (PD)-Registration with the ICO-Policies about PD handling -Protections of minors-Cultural Heritage provisions-Public Sector Information provisions
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Why is horizontal access also shallow?
Horizontal access is normally shallow as well because: Public and private organisations feel more comfortable with this mode of content disseminations The content is accessible and may be easily used even by users with minimum ICT skills
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Vertical Open
Access
2
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cases
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV Access Point
Organisation
Flow of Content
Flow of permissions
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
User V
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User V
Access Points
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User V
Access Point
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
User V
End-User Access Point
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
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User V
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User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
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User V
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User ΙΙ
User V
Licensing forms
-Users normally exchange content with each other using some form of open licensing schemes- The most wide spread CC licences:• CC_BY_SA_NC• CC_BY_SA
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The Models
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[flow models]
Flows of content
Flows of rights
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[A]
The nomad model
© Casas-Rodríguez Collection, 2009 CC_NC_ND
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1990 2000 2009
Org 1 Org 2 Org 3
ContentPermissions ContentPermissions ContentPermissions
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1990 2000 2009
Org 1 Org 2 Org 3
ContentPermissions ContentPermissions ContentPermissions
Rights Collection point
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[B]
Clean Hands
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National Centre for eResearch (MyExperiment/ OMII)
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National Library for Health eLearning Object Repository (LOR)
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User 1
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User V
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Key points
While the content is deposited in a common repository the flows of permissions (or rights) follow a different trajectory- When CC licences are used, the permissions flow directly from the rightsowner to the content
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User ΙΙΙ
Licensing forms The content ownership varies: it may belong to the distributing organisation or third parties
The distributing organisation may make available only the content for which either it has obtained rights or the rightsholders allow it to be stored on its servers.
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[C]
Walled Garden models
© Recursion see recurcion 2006 CC_NC_SA
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Model One
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Full Rights Transfer
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Open Release
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Commercial Release
Necessary *for selling difference *between code and data licences GPL type * -licences offer protection
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Model Two
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No Rights Transfer
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No Rights Transfer X
X
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...but membership *agreement no actions *agreement
StandardsProtocolsInfo-structures
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Open
Meta- Access
3
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Cases
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV Access Point
Organisation
Flow of Content
Flow of permissions
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
DATA SET III
DATA SET II
DATA SET I
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
DATA SET II
DATA SET I
Data FlowFlow of Rights
over Data
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User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
DATA SET II
DATA SET I
Data FlowFlow of Rights
over Data
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User 1
User ΙΙ User ΙΙΙ
User IV
DATA SET II
DATA SET I
Data FlowFlow of Rights
over Data
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User ΙΙ
DATA SET I
Open Meta Access I MetaData and Content follow the same path MetaData are normally accompanied by a set of permissions that follow the same trajectory as the metadata
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User ΙΙ
DATA SET I
User IV
DATA SET II
Open MetaAccess II Metadata flows do not follow the same trajectory as the content A user may download content while uploading metadata
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User II
DATA SET I
DATA SET II
Open Meta Access III The most important users of metadata collections are organisations, such as aggregators (e.g. Europeana) or collaborative sites (e.g. Wikimedia)
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User ΙΙ
DATA SET I
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User ΙΙ
DATA SET I
DATA SET I
DATA SET III
+
=
DATA SET IV
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DATA SET I
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+
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Open MetaAccess IV The user downloads metadata which are then combined and enriched with metadata she provides-This behavioral patterns relates to the need of the user to identify with the content, to combine it with other content for cultural reasons or in general to contextualise it in order to customise it to her own benefit
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Open MetaAccess V Other users may have access to the same content but enriched with additional metadata.
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+
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User 1
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User V
Open Metaaccess VI Provided that the licensing schemes allow it, metadata may flow outside a specific content repository-Most licences used allow such alternative flows under certain conditions (private/ educational/ non commercial use)
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+
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User 1
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User VDATA SET IV DATA SET V
+ =DATA SET V
Open MetaAccess VII When the flow of metadata occurs outside the repository the enrichment may take place on a peertopeer basis
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DATA SET I
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+
=
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User 1
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User VDATA SET IV DATA SET V
+ =DATA SET V
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Open MetaAccss VIII The most important users of meta data are other organisations or collaborative platforms
BBC/BL OR wikipedia/ myExperiment
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DATA SET I
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+
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Open Metaaccess IX Such organisations package thirdparty content with metadata created by their userbase
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Open Metaaccess XProvided the relevant infrastructure (technical, legal, organisational) is in place, different organisations may share metadata either directly or through a common user base.
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+ =DATA SET V
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Open MetaAccess XI The breaking down of streamed content in increasingly smaller units, the enrichment of metadata with content and the use of open licences for the reuse and repurposing of meta data leads to an indirect deepening of horizontal open access.
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why
Is good 4U
* low transaction costs* simplicity* no liability* more users * more data
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*** Q + A
Prodromos TsiavosEnCoRe Research OfficerThe London School of Economics and Political ScienceHoughton StreetLondon WC2A 2AEUK