Processing, distribution and use of water.

Grade 8

Water and you

What is water treatment?

Water treatment describes those industrial-scale processes used to make water more acceptable for a desired end-use. These can include use for drinking water, industry, medical and many other uses.

How is it made- Drinking water

The aim of water treatment

• The goal of all water treatment process is to remove existing contaminants in the water, or reduce the concentration of such contaminants so the water becomes fit for its desired end-use. One such use is returning water that has been used back into the natural environment without adverse ecological impact.

Water Treatment and Distribution to Your Home

Drinking water treatment plant

Water treatment stages

1 Source: It is important that the sources we use for our water supply are good and clean and are readily available in an adequate amount.

2 Treatment: Treatment techniques remove soil and dirt, bacteria, viruses, and parasites, and chemical impurities. The steps include coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection.

Treatment water techniques: Coagulation and Flocculation video

• Coagulation and Flocculation: Gentle mixing of the water and treatment chemicals causes the impurities and particles to form larger floc particles. Chemicals commonly used for this process include aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride, and synthetic polymers.

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Treatment water techniques: Coagulation and Flocculation video

Treatment water techniques: Coagulation and Flocculation video

Treatment water techniques- Sedimentation

• Sedimentation: The particles that are formed through coagulation and flocculation become increasingly larger and eventually settle out of the water in large sedimentation basins

Treatment water techniques- Sedimentation Video

Treatment water techniques- Filtration

• Filtration: After sedimentation, the clarified water is passed through filters to remove particles of dirt, algae, and harmful bacteria and parasites. Filters can be made from sand, gravel, coal, or granular activated carbon.

Treatment water techniques- Filtration Video

Treatment water techniques- Disinfection

• Disinfection: Disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and parasites are destroyed by disinfection. Chlorine and chlorine containing compounds are typically used for disinfection purposes. New disinfection technologies may also use ultraviolet light and ozone.

Treatment water techniques: Solids Removal

• Solids Removal: Solids that settle out of the water are removed to drying lagoons or sludge presses for dewatering.

Treatment water techniques: Solids Removal video

Distribution of water

• 3 Distribution: The Distribution System is the system of pipes that allows water to travel from the drinking water treatment plant to the homes and businesses in your community. The Distribution System is made up of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, fire hydrants, and meters.

How water is distributed to customers

Video websites• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AkSJF45uT9g (drinking water

water treatment plant)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HVhdT_f6Dw (how a water

system works”)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHIk57r40ik (coagulation

flocculation)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMcamQJxFHs (how does

flocculation works)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsfWeLApRl0 (how does

flocculation works)• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9rHSLUr3PU

(sedimentation)

Water treatment made simple