Process Gas ChromatographsFor Process and Environmental Monitoring

301C PROCESS GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

Model 301c 19” Rackmount

Ambient Air, Chemical & Petrochemical Industry, Hospitals, MedicalDevice Manufacturers, Stacks, Laboratories, Remediation SitesSpecific VOC’s in water

Fenceline, Process, Stacks, Area Monitoring, Effluents

Model 301C Wallmount

IntroductionThe Model 301-C PGCs are flexibleand versatile Analyzers that are in their fourthgeneration. These Models are, by far, themost powerful and versatile (with theirembedded Pentium PCs) developed by ussince 1985.

The addition of these new Analyzers greatlyimproves the capability and range of ProcessAnalyzers from PID.

PID-DescriptionThe process of photoionization is initiated bythe absorp-tion of a photon of ultravioletradiation energetic enough to ionize amolecule (RH) by the process shown below:

RH + hυ ⇒ RH+ + e-where hυ represents a photon with an energy≥ the ionization potential of species RH. Theions are collected in an ionization chamberwhich is adjacent to the lamp and contains anaccelerat-ing electrode (biased positively) anda collection electrode where the current ismeasured. After amplification, the currentmeasured is proportional to concentration. Theresponse measured will be a summation (total)of the hydrocarbons ionized.FID Description

In the FID, the sample is burned in a hydrogen-air flame and the ions formed from carboncontaining compounds are collected byapplying a positive potential to the jet andmeasuring the current at collection electrodejust above the flame. After amplification, thecurrent measured is proportional toconcentration. The response measured will bea summation (total) of the hydrocarbonsionized.TCD DescriptionMeasures difference between the thermaltransfer characteristics of the sample gas anda reference gas, generally helium. The sampleand reference filaments are two legs of aWheatstone Bridge. A constant current isapplied with a resultant in a rise in filamenttemperature. As the sample passes throughthe detector, the resistance changes as thereference gas is replaced by the samplewhich has a lower thermal conductivity. Theresistance is proportional to the concentration.

Applications: PID, FID, ECD, TCD,FPD

Monitoring effluents from chemicalpharmaceutical manufacturing,carbon beds (Gasoline, Cl HC)

Leak detection- from processequipmentStack & Vent monitoringDrying ovens for removing solventsΙncinerationBTX, VC, ETO, freons, solvents inambient, waste sitec or plantatmospheresRemediation site monitoringOil and gas explorationSulfur cpds in air or stacksOdorants in natural gasNatural gas compositionVOC’s in water with optionalSparging system (Model 650)

Features-

Embedded Pentium Computer with color VGAdisplay ,Microsoft Windows XPProfessional & PeakWorksChromatography Software

Wide Range of Universal to SpecificDetectors Universal: TCD, FUV; Selective:PID, FID, Specific: FPD (S or P), ECD

Automatic Restart- In the event of a poweroutage

Automatic calibration; automatically adjustsresponse on timed frequency;

Autozero each run

Wide operating range- 16 Bit ADC with 3decades of autoranging

Compact 19” Rack- NEMA 2 enclosure (301Conly) & Wall Mount NEMA 4 enclosure

PID- lamp out alarm; FID/FPD-flame out- shutsoff hydrogen and provides alarm, TCDcarrier out

RS232 digital output; 0-1 VDC analog output

Data storage on 40 GByte hard drive

Output Signals- RS232, RS485, MODBUS...

Hydroarbons, VOCs, benzene, 1,3 BD, VC, ETO, H2, CO, CO2, fixedgases, O2, H2S, Dimethyl sulfate, DMS, Methylene chloride, Freons...

PROCESS GCs

SpecificationsDetectors available: PID , TCD,FID, FUV, ECD, FPD (S, P)Measurement mode: ContinuousZero drift- Automatic Zerocompensation; <1% per monthSpan drift- Auto cal each 24 hours(remotely with contact closure):less than 1% every 24 hoursWide range of response- from subppm on PID to % on the FID or TCD

Support gases:FID & FPD requireH2 and zero air

Readout- Color VGA display

Standard output: 1 VDC, RS232

Enclosures:Rack (NEMA 2) 19" W x 11"H x 17"D

Weight: 32 pounds

Wall (NEMA 4)- 301C

23"W x 30"H x 17"D

Weight: 80 pounds-301C

Weight: 140 pounds (2 x NEMA

4 enclosures)-Power requirements- 100-240VAC,1.5 /0.75 amp

Detector Range/Species PID range - ppb-ppm; ppm- %; sub ppb withoptional concentrator

hyrdocarbons > C4 plus, VOC’s, inorganicspecies such as H2S, NH3, I2, PH3, AsH3, etc.

FID Range- 1- 200,000 ppm

measures hydrocarbons only

TCD Range- ppm to 100%-Fixed gases, H2,inorganic gases & hydrocarbons

FPD Range- ppb-ppm- S cpds; P cpds ppb-ppm

ECD Range- sub ppb to ppm, Cl HC, nitro cpds

FUV Range- ppb to %- Organic & inorganiccpds, Fixed gases

OptionsGas or liquid sampling systems

4-20 mA output; RS485 output, 10/100 network card,

See Table I

Data acquisition and storage usingPeakWorks C- runs underWindows or Windows NT on aRemote Pentium PC

22222, 4-6, 8-12 point sequencers for 301C; -16-20,20+ point sequencers -(with contact closure to indicate pointbeing sampled, Display ofConcentration, Sampling Point & SampleFlow (measured by flowmeter)

Mass flow sensor for column flow - optional for 301 C

Applications Engineering:Dual columns,column switching valves, concentrator

X or Z purged for Zone 1 and Zone 2respectively- requires NEMA enclosure

Sampling Systems

A variety of sampling systems are availablefor the 301C including thefollowing:• Removal of particulate• Removal of water• Electrically heated sampling lines• Steam traced sampling lines• Heat exchangers for hot samplesA typical sampling system is shown below:

PROCESS GCs

Hydroarbons, VOCs, methane, amines, NH3, PH3, AsH3, C2H4, Freons,SO2, C2H2, WMD’s, Nerve gases, Transformer gases, Natural Gas...

301C installed at a natural gas odorantfacility for measuring THT & TBM on-line.

Table I Comparison of Model 301C Process GCs

Model 301 C

Enclosures 19” Rack Yes NEMA 4 Yes optionalSeparate enclosure for GC No optionalfovenSecond oven NoPurged enclosures (X orZ) Optional

Multipoint Sequences 2, 4-6, 8-12, 16-24

Sampling point programming Optional IProgrammable Equilibrate OptionalAdditional valve relay OptionalSample ahead OptionalMass flowmeter-sample OptioalMass flowmeter- carrier Optioal

Pentium PC YesVGA Display YesOperating System Windows XP embedded

Chromatography Data PeakWorks

PeakWorks C SW OptionMODBUS OptionRS232 Included0-1 VDC Included4-20 mA Optional per point/per component

Comparison of Model 301C Process GC & Typical Installations

DefinitionsMODBUS- communications protocol that allowsextrnal PC or PLC to request dataPeakWorks- Windows based chromatographydata & analyzer control softwarePeakWorks C-Communications software run ona remote PC (through the RS232 port) that dis-plays and stores data remotelySample ahead-sampling for the next pointstarts as son as sample is injected- faster sam-pling timesSample point programming-Instead ofsample points being 1,2,3... they can be cus-tomer programme to 1,1,5,9,1...Additioonal valve relay- more complex analy-ses can be run

Model 301 C (above) in instrumentationhousing at a Chlorine plant measuring H2,O2, N2 & CO2. TCD with hastelloy valves &fittings.The Analyzer and oven (lowerenclosure) are purged to keep corrosiveatmosphere from Analyzer.

Sampling system for wet chlorine (above) hasteflon valves and multipoint. sampling systemis heated to prevent condensation. Thesampling system valves are controlled by airactuated valves in the 301C.

Model 301C (Above) mounted downstreamof a waste incinerator measuring H2S &CH3SH at ppb levels via PID.

Sampling system for moisture removal andmeasurement of S cpds at ppb levels.

Explosion proof (Z purge) 301C (above) withexternal air activated multi (5) point systemwith moisture removal.

INTRODUCTIONThe measurement of lowconcentrations of organics in water canbe accomplished through theapplication of Henry’s Law which statesthat, at equilibrium, the solubility of a gasin a liquid is proportional to the partialpressure of a gas in contact with a liquidas given below:

Benzene (aq) = K PBenzene

where Benzene (aq) is theconcentration of benzene in the liquidphase, K is the Henry’s Law constantwhich governs the solubility of gasesin water, and PBenzene is the partialpressure of benzene in the gas phase.

As a result of the aboveequation, it can be seen that if theconcentration of benzene in the gasphase and at equilibrium is measured,this is related to the concentration ofbenzene in the dilute aqueous solutionby a proportionality constant (K) thatcan be determined by calibration.

This method can be used with TotalVOC Analyzers such as the 201s toprovide Total VOCs in water. TheSparger can also be used with GCssuch as the Model 301 to providespeciated VOCs in water. A summaryis shown below.

FEATURES

Sparging System AppliesHenry’s LawVOC’s in water are convertedto the gas phase in the Model650 and measured by a Process GC Analyzer

·DetectorsPID, FID, ECD, FPD (S or P)

· RangeFrom 0.1 ppb (detection limit)to high ppm

·Measure Specific VOC’s inWater from ppb LevelsVOC’s are measured with theModel 301-C

·RangeFrom 0.1 ppb (PID) or 5 ppb(FID) to high ppm

·Fast ResponseSparging System response is< 1 minute

·Easy to Setup and MaintainAuto calibration, simplicity ofdesign and internaldiagnostics make thisanalyzer ideal even for thosewith minimal instrumentionskills

APPLICATIONS-Clean water compliance-Rapid spill detection-Moitoring cooling water-Monitoring process inputwater-Leaks from process equip-ment-Efluent from chemical, refining& manufacturing

MODEL 650 SPARGING OPTION FOR MODEL 301C SPECIATED VOC’S IN WATER

SPECIFICATIONSSpecies measured: PID or FID- specific

VOC’s (hydrocarbons) in water (including

chlorinated HC) in water

Electrical classification: General purpose

(see below for options)

Response time: 1 min. to 90% response

(system only); GC 1-5 min depending on

application

Liquid sample flow rate: 250 cc/min.

Reproducibility: +/- 5%

Sparging gas flow: 1 LPM

Zero drift: <2% over 24 hours

Span drift: <3% over 24 hours

Range: ppb to ppm

Detection Limit:

301-C- <0.1 ppb- PID; < 5 ppb FID

Power requirements: 100V- 240VAC

Dimensions:

Wall- 20"W x 50"H x 16"D

Weight: 75 pounds

Power consumption: 220 watts max.

OPTIONS

Speciated VOC’s (301-C)· 19" Enclosed rack version of

the 301-B· NEMA 4 Wall mounted unit

(301-C) · Z purged unit meets class I

division II NEC requirements-wall mount only

· X purged unit meets class Idivision I NEC requirements-wall mount only

· 4-20 ma output · Multipoint sequencer-

sequential sampling systems areavailable for area monitoring for2, 4, 8 or 12 points with the 301-C; 8,16 or 32 channels with the301-c-additional informationavailable on request

SPARGER (Continued)

PeakWorksTM

PeakWorksTM is PID’s Windows basedchromatography software that can be used tocontrol the GC parameters, integrate & display thechromatograms and store the data for the GC 301-B.

The software is written in C++ as an overlay/interfacefor the Windows operating system. Low and highalarm levels and concentration range can be set inthe PC. A 24 hour graph of each point can bedisplayed on the VGA color screen. Each day atmidnight, a new file is created and named (by date).These files can be directly imported into EXCELand plotted. A copy of the screen for 3 ppb ofbenzene is shown in the Figure below.

PeakWorks has multipoint calibration capabilitiesand response factors that can be calculatedautomatically or entered manually. Windows areadjustable for each compound. Two levels of alarmcan be set for each compound. The system canbe run & operated remotely via a PLC.

Multipoint SequencerThe 301-C has several multipointoptions The first is a simple 2 point systemthat can be used to monitor the input andoutput of a scrubber, catalytic oxidizer, car-bon bed etc. to determine the efficiency ofthe system. The 301-C will displaythe data and chromatograms on the screen.

The second option is a 4-6, or 8-12 pointsystem (301-BC or up to 20+ points. This system employs a manifoldwith a needle valve and a 3 way valve foreach channel. The flow for each channel ismeasured with a flow meter and isdisplayed the meter. The setpointfor the flow channel can be set to indicate alow flow or blockage for a particular chan-nel. The optput for the mass flow sensorcan be sent to a PLC via a 4-20 mA outputto log the flow values for dignostic pur-poses. The channel number and sampleflow are displayed in the lower right marginof the display. Two levels of alarm can beprogrammed for each channel in the sys-tem. This system provides an inexpensivealternative to a sensor for each point. Thecost of maintaining and/or calibrating thissingle system is considerably less expen-sive than maintaining a 8 or 12 individualsensor system.

The 301-C multipoint systems canbe easily interfaced with a PLC or DCSsystem that is already at the Plant. The GCscan also be hooked into an intranet in theplant. Contact PID for information.

PID ANALYZERS, LLC 780 Ceorprate Park Dr. Pembroke, MA 02359

Tel. 1-781-709 2131 USA or Canada 1-800-PID-6826 Fax. 1-781-709-2050 Web: http://www.hnu.com E-mail: sales@hnu.comPID Analyzers, UK, 9 Pennington Close, Frodsham Cheshire WA6 7NL Tel/Fax 01928-732-395

Web: http://www.pidanalyzers.co.uk E-mail: sales@pidanalyzers.co.ukHNU Nordion, Ltd, OY, Atomitie 5 A 3, PL 1, Helsinki, Finland Tel. +358-9-565 7240 Fax +350-9-562 6801

Web: http://www.hnunordion.fi E-mail: Info@hnunordion.fi

PeakWorksTM Software/Multipoint Sequencer