problems in space physics
DESCRIPTION
Problems in Space Physics. 長井嗣信 東京工業大学. 磁気圏の未解決問題 「いつも同じ話をしている」 容易に解決できそうだが 何が観測的に問題なのか 3.今後どうすべきか. Substorm Onsets Magnetic Storms Plasma Convection. Substorm Onsets Global Images Intense Ground Observation Network Mid-Tail Observations 10-30 Re - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Problems in Space Physics
長井嗣信東京工業大学
![Page 2: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
磁気圏の未解決問題
「いつも同じ話をしている」
1.容易に解決できそうだが2.何が観測的に問題なのか3.今後どうすべきか
![Page 3: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Substorm Onsets
2. Magnetic Storms
3. Plasma Convection
![Page 4: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1. Substorm Onsets
Global Images
Intense Ground Observation Network
Mid-Tail Observations 10-30 Re
Geosynchronous Orbit 6.6 Re
![Page 5: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
L. A. Frank ICS-4 (1998)
January 12, 1997 0726 UT
![Page 6: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Polar/UVI by A. Ieda 0725:11 UT
![Page 7: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Polar/UVI January 12, 1997
0724:54 UT
![Page 8: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
0725 UT
![Page 9: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
0725 UT
![Page 10: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
0723 UT
![Page 11: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Gang LuJGR 1999
![Page 15: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Gang LuJGR 1999
70
70
![Page 16: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Kadokura (2002)SIT-TV at Syowa427.8 nm
![Page 18: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Problems
1. Spatial Resolution2. Time Resolution3. UV4. Magnetic Field Tracing5. Conjugate Events
![Page 20: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
L. R. Lyons et al. JGR 2001
![Page 21: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
L. R. Lyons et al., JGR 2001
![Page 22: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
10E
71.3 E
105E
141 E
192.5 E
322.5E
Geographic Longitude Geomag. Lat.
1.5
-8.3
-10.4
-8.7
-1.1
8.6
![Page 24: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Global Satellite Aurora Images
Spatial ResolutionTime ResolutionUV
Comparison with Ground Observations
Geosynchronous Substorm Signatures
Longitudinal Effect Particles or Magnetic Field
![Page 29: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
McPherron 1991 Kamide and Baumjohann 1993
![Page 30: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Burton et al., 1975
2. Magnetic Storms
![Page 31: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ring Current Modeling
Ebihara et al. 2001, 2002
![Page 32: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Strangeway and Johnson 1983
![Page 33: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Strangeway and Johnson 1983
![Page 34: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Strangeway and Johnson 1983
![Page 35: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Magnetic Storms
1. Solar wind parameters Dst2. Ring current modeling (dipole field) Dst3. H+ vs. O+4. What should be known?
Particle distributionsTime, Position (L, MLT, Latitude)Energy, Species
![Page 36: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
3. Plasma Convection
Plasma Transport = Field Transport
Pictures from Ground Observations
Pictures from Tail Observations
![Page 37: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Polar Cap Potential Drop 100 kVPolar Cap > 75 degrees L = 2 x 3.14 x 6371.2 x 30/360 = 3300 kmE = 100kV / 3300km = 30 mV/mB = 60000 nT V = E/B = 30 mV/m / 60000 nT = 500 m/sT = 3300km / 500 m/s = 100 min
Vsw = 500 km/sT = 100 Re/500 km/s = 20 min
![Page 39: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Nishitani et al. JGR 2001
![Page 40: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Plasma Convection in the Tail
Stationary vs Bursty
Paterson et al. JGR 1998
100 Re/10 km/s = 1000 min Angelopoulos et al. 1999
![Page 41: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
A dipolarization at 10 Re (for a substorm)
![Page 46: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Mid- and Near-Tail Plasma Observations
1. Plasmas are NOT MHD
2. Problems in the Present Instruments
No Convincing Observations
![Page 47: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
今後の方向
1.確かに進歩2.新たな問題3.根本的な問題
将来計画1.対象の明確化(絞込み)2.何が必要とされているか3.対象にあった観測 機械と軌道
![Page 48: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
4. IMF Bz Control for the Plasma Sheet
1. IMF Bz > 0 (northward)
2. IMF Bz < 0 (southward)
3. ssc (density increase in SW)
![Page 49: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
IMF Bz Effect
SubstormsIMF Bz Northward Turning > 50%IMF Bz > 0 Substorm Processes
Prolonged IMF Bz PeriodsCold and Dense PlasmasStationary
![Page 55: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Summary
1. Importance of Ground ObservationsOptical Aurora
2. Ionospheric SignaturesNorth / South Conjugate
3. IMF Bz ControlDrastic Changes
![Page 56: Problems in Space Physics](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022033017/56813a41550346895da22c9d/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Future Mission
SCOPE (Scale Coupling in Plasma Environment)
1. High time resolution in particle observations2. Full energy coverage in particle observations3. Multi-point observations to know the s/c location relative to the neutral line