problem solving
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review on problem solvingTRANSCRIPT
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Problem Solving
Problem Solving
Dandi Daley
Mackall
Reviewed by-
Dr. Atiqul Haq Mazumder
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Thinking is a process and thought is the product output
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Problem Solving
A systematic approach to define problem and create many possible solutions without judging them.
Problem Solving
A systematic approach to define problem and create many possible solutions without judging them.
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It is a cognitive process directed at a goal where no solution method is obvious to the problem solver.
It is a cognitive process directed at a goal where no solution method is obvious to the problem solver.
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–“It's not a problem that we have a problem. It's a problem if we don't deal with the problem.”
– --Mary Kay Utech
–“It's not a problem that we have a problem. It's a problem if we don't deal with the problem.”
– --Mary Kay Utech
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The “Pop-Up” principle suggests that solutions yield problems of their own.
Problem 1
Problem 3
Problem 4
Problem 2
Problem 5Solution toProblem 2
Solution toProblem 1
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“The problem is not that there are problems. The problem is expecting otherwise and thinking that having problems is a problem.”
--Theodore Ruskin
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Problem Solving Skill
We use problem solving skill in everyday live without our conscious awareness:
Problem Solving Skill
We use problem solving skill in everyday live without our conscious awareness:
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Thinking Creatively
Thinking logically
Analyzing the problem
By research
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Forming a hypothesis
Troubleshooting
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“Confident of your problem solving skills, you can turn each problem in to an opportunity”
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Basic Brain Structure
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Left Brain Vs Right Brain
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Left Brain Right BrainAnalytic thought
Step by step process
Holistic thoughtSeeing “big” picture before understanding details
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LogicConclusions based upon a logical or consecutive order
IntuitionInsight based upon incomplete patterns or “hunches”
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LanguageUsing words to name/describe/define
CreativityDemonstrative with minimal word use, understanding relationships
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Math & ScienceNumber use, awareness of time, symbols, facts & linear reasoning
Art & MusicPutting pieces together to form “wholes”
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Scientific Thinking
Creative Thinking
Logical, Critical, Analytical, Convergent, Predictable,Straight-linerthinking
Insightful, Inspirational, Exploratory, Divergent, Generative, Unpredictable, Lateral thinking
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One right answer
ProbabilityRight brainJudgment
New answer to old problems
PossibilityLeft brainSuspended
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FocusedObjectiveVerbalLinearYes, ButReasoning
DiffusedSubjectiveVisualAssociatedYes, AndNovelty
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Problem Solving Skill
Problem Solving Skill
Development of the left brain led to greater attention to critical thinking
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Problem Solving Skill
Problem Solving Skill
Optimal use of the mind requires both critical and creative thinking
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Four Steps of Critical Thinking
Four Steps of Critical Thinking Identifying the problem
Brainstorming many options
Negotiating
Selecting the best option
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Six Steps of Creative Thinking
Six Steps of Creative Thinking
Identifying idea requirement
Idea generation
Idea assessment
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Idea development
Idea evaluation
Idea utilization
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System of Creative Thinking
System of Creative Thinking
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•
30 of 21
Thinking Inside the Box(Thesis)
Thinking Outside the Box(Antithesis)
Praise success and praise failure
Praise success and punish failure
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Example of Flows of Ideas; New Terms
Tournament of mind
Mutation of ideas
Idea engineering
Example of Flows of Ideas; New Terms
Tournament of mind
Mutation of ideas
Idea engineering
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Mind mapping
Idea sensing
Idea accounting
Idea transferring
Idea pooling
Mind mapping
Idea sensing
Idea accounting
Idea transferring
Idea pooling
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Creative Thinking Requires:
Creative Thinking Requires:
Creative ability
Creative attitude
Power of imagination
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Myths About Creative Thinking :
Myths About Creative Thinking :
Comes out in a flush
It’s natural , can’t be
acquired
Born genius
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Techniques for Creative ThinkingTechniques for
Creative ThinkingBrainstorming
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Don’t Accept Everything at
Face value. Challenge Assumptions .
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Keep a Notebook to
Synthesize ideas
Remember to I n ven t
the Post- I t Note
Tommor row!!Need a glu e tha t's
n ot very sti cky
®
“Chance favours the prepared mind.”–Louis Pasteur
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Visualization: Future
Pacing
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Potholes and PitfallsPotholes and Pitfalls
Logical Fallacies
“Not So Fast”
Rush to judgment
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Hasty Generalization
Poisoning the Well
Car Washing in the Rain
“ You Just Gotta”
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Techniques for Brainstorming
Techniques for Brainstorming
Brainstorming by Word Association
Book
Study
Success
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Techniques for Brainstorming
Techniques for Brainstorming
Brainstorming by Clustering/ Mapping
LibraryLibrary
ExamExam
StressStress
MeditationMeditationTeachersTeachers
ImpressionImpression
BooksBooksNew New MarketMarket
HomeHome
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Brainstorming by free
writingOK So I need to write about brainstorming. Usually its done in a group but not always sometimes individual. Works best in a group though people feed off each others creativity especially if they have different backgrounds – social professional – etc. So how does it work as a group
- get people together for a time period ½ to 1 hour- anything goes. no criticism – insane crazy ideas are ok- need to ensure nobody gets censored though so need a
group leader to facilitate stuff. should also record- Also good to later sort out ideas by being critical and further exploring them
But the biggest point is to make sure there is no criticism & that people can come up with all sorts of ideas. Should also be fun laughing – sort of like a creative party with stuff written on the blackboard
OK So I need to write about brainstorming. Usually its done in a group but not always sometimes individual. Works best in a group though people feed off each others creativity especially if they have different backgrounds – social professional – etc. So how does it work as a group
- get people together for a time period ½ to 1 hour- anything goes. no criticism – insane crazy ideas are ok- need to ensure nobody gets censored though so need a
group leader to facilitate stuff. should also record- Also good to later sort out ideas by being critical and further exploring them
But the biggest point is to make sure there is no criticism & that people can come up with all sorts of ideas. Should also be fun laughing – sort of like a creative party with stuff written on the blackboard
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Informal Journals
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Formal Engineering Journals
N o v 2 4 , 19 9 5S o n a r D a t a
S o n a r S e t u po ff c a r r i e r 4 0 0 0s a m p l e d e l a y 10 0 0c l o c k f r e q . 12 5 0 0 0 0S u b S a m p l e s p e r s w e e p 6 0 0 .
a s s u m e d
s c r e e n
N V 10 1. d a tT u n e d t r a n s d u c e r u n t i l I g o t a f a i r l y l o w r e t u r n a c r o s s t h e b o t t o m . G a i n 2 6 d Bs u b s a m p l e f a c t o r 5 .
n o t e c h a n g en o s c r e e n o n b o t t o m
N V 10 2 . d a tG a i n 2 1d B
s u b s a m p l e f a c t o r 5S c r e e n o n b o t t o m .
a n g l e 3 0 °
3 3 ° i s b e t t e r
A p r i l 11, 19 9 6
P S P i n g P o n g b a l lG a i n 3 5 d B + 2 6 d B 3 0 v t r a n s m i t t e r
10 & 2 i n v o l t a g e .
r a n g e . . 5 m s / d i v a n d 3 . 8 d i v1. 4 117 m r a n g e 4 . 4 v p p / r e t u r n
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Dos of Brainstormin
g
Don’ts of Brainstormin
g•Speak/Write Fast•Set a Time limit•Say the First Thing that Comes to Mind•Be Vulnerable
•Think
•Censure Yourself
•Analyze
•Make Judgment
•Slow Down
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People ProblemsPeople Problems
Lack of Training
Own Unhappiness
Disillusionment with the Job
Personal Conflict
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Unhealthy Competition
Customer Conflict
Ineffective Team
Factions
Discrimination
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Organizational
ProblemsOrganizational
Problems Inability to Get the Resources
Unclear Chain of Command
Changes in the Economy
Changes in the Marketplace
Overlapping Responsibilities
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Mechanical ProblemsMechanical Problems
Computers
Telephones
Fax
Copiers
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Analyzing the ProblemAnalyzing the Problem
The Six Ws The SWOT Test
1.Who? Strength
2.What? Weaknesses
3.When? Opportunities
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4.Where? Threats-Seasonal
5.Why? Cost, Number etc
6.What if? Possibilities
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Dos of Setting Goals
Don’ts of Setting Goals
•Get the Root Cause•Be Specific•Relate Goal to Overall Purpose•Include a Timeframe•Visualize the End
•Settle for the Effect
•Be General
•Be Uniformed
•Make a Wish and hope
•Lump Goals and Objectives Together
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Setting ObjectivesSetting ObjectivesObjectives are Bite-size Measurable
goals
“The way to achieve success is first to have a definite, clear, practical idea- a goal, an objective. Second, have the
necessary means to achieve your ends-wisdom, money, materials, methods. Third, adjust all your means to that
end.”
-Aristotle
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A Plan of Action includes-
A Plan of Action includes-A Clear Statement of the
plan
Clear-cut Goals and Objectives
Step by Step Strategy
A Schedule with deadlines
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“If you fail to meet your deadline, you could single-
handedly derail your company’s action plan”
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Allocation of Resources
Delegation of Jobs
Contingency Plans
An Internal Review System
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Follow ThroughFollow Through Anticipation Saves on
Frustration
“If Your Plan A Fails Apart, Do You Have a Plan B?"
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Troubleshooting
“Good Working Teams Try to Troubleshoot Problems Before They Happen.”
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Flexibility
Persistence
“Some men give up their design when they have almost reached their goals; while others, on the contrary, obtain a vigorous efforts than before.”
-Polybius
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Follow Through with Celebration
Follow Through with Celebration
1. At one week point-When an objective is reached
2. At one month point-When you arrive at the end
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3.With every individual success -When you overcome an obstacle
4.At positive feedback on the plan- Before moving on
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1. Study the problem and focus on the goal.
1. Study the problem and focus on the goal.
Some Tricks for Creativity
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2.Build on others' ideas.Brainstorm.
2.Build on others' ideas.Brainstorm.
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3.Organize a hotshot team.
Build teamwork.
3.Organize a hotshot team.
Build teamwork.
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4.Break down a complex solution4.Break down a complex solution
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5.Document your progress.5.Document your progress.
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Phrases that Kill Creativity•We tried that before.•It costs too much.•It’s too radical a change.•Let’s get back to reality.•You’re right, but . . . .•Not that again.•We did all right without it.•Let’s form a committee.
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•It can’t be done.•Quit dreaming.•NO!•Why me?•What now?•Not my problem!•Don’t ask me!
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• “You can’t depend upon your eyes when your imagination is out of focus.”
–Mark Twain
• “Computer are useless. They can only give you answers.”
–Pablo Picasso
• “To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk.”
–Thomas Edison
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• “The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them.”
–Albert Einstein• “No great discovery is ever made
without a bold guess.”
–Sir Isaac Newton
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THANK YOU
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