private sector intervention in indian fruit & vegetable sector for increasing rural wealth: a case...

8/9/2019 Private sector intervention in Indian Fruit & Vegetable Sector for Increasing Rural Wealth: A Case Study

1/12

Q{fxe}b tbd}i{ fg}b{xbg}fig fg Fgmfeg H{rf} ( Xbcb}ekjb Tbd}i{ hi{Fgd{betfgc [r{ej S bej}n? E Detb T}rmv

Ked`c{irgm? Fgmfeg ec{fdrj}r{b

Fg }nb qet} mbdemb* Fgmfeg ec{fdrj}r{bt dig}{fkr}fig }i }nb ixb{ejj CMQ netdilb misg m{ele}fdejjv egm f} gis t}egmt e} e lb{b 5>"% Snfjb }nbdig}{fkr}fig }i CMQ lev kb {bje}fxbjv tlejj* ec{fdrj}r{b t}fjj net e xb{vtfcgfhfdeg} flqed} ig }nb sbjj kbfgc ih ejlit} }si,}nf{m ih Fgmfet qiqrje}fig'

]nb fttrbt }ne} flqed} Fgmfeg ec{fdrj}r{b e{b hef{jv sbjj `gisg' Ig negm* ir{he{lb{t nexb tlejj jegm nijmfgct .ixb{ >1" ih he{lb{t nexb jbtt }neg 5nbd}e{b ih jegm nijmfgc& }ne} e{b {bmrdfgc vbe{ ig vbe{* ig }nb i}nb{ }nbhe{lb{t {blefg nfcnjv mbqbgmbg} ig ligtiig {efgt .eggrej dvdjb ih {efghejj&hi{ }nbf{ jfxbjfniim' Kbtfmbt }nft* }nbv hedb tbxb{ej dnejjbgcbt }ne} flqed}}nbf{ ec{fdrj}r{ej vfbjmt egm be{gfgct b'c'

Jflf}bm eddbtt }i urejf}v fgqr}t ( he{lfgc }bdngfurbt Qii{ se}b{ ( tifj legecblbg} Nfcn qit} ne{xbt} jittbt Jed` ih le{`b} fghi{le}fig jbemfgc }i mfhhfdrj}v sf}n q{fdb mftdixb{v Lrj}fqjb lfmmjblbg fg }nb xejrb dnefg q{ixfmfgc dit}jv d{bmf}

Cfxbg }nb ekixb tdbge{fi* }nb{b ft eg r{cbg} gbbm }i tvt}blfdejjv emm{bttfttrbt fg ec{fdrj}r{b fg e trt}efgekjb leggb{ ti et }i q{ixfmb hiim tbdr{f}vfg }nb jigc {rg' Egv trt}efgekjb tijr}fig tnirjm hidrt* eligct} i}nb{ }nfgct*

ig?

5' D{be}fgc jidej blqjivlbg} ( bgnegdfgc he{lfgc fgdilb;' [btir{db r}fjfze}fig hidrt ig jegm .tifj hb{}fjf}v& ( se}b{4' Flq{ixfgc d{iq q{imrd}fxf}v=' Jisb{fgc }nb dit} ih q{imrd}fig egm qit} ne{xbt} jittbt2' Krfjmfgc }nb le{`b} diggbd}

Fgmfet q{imrd}fig ih h{rf}t egm xbcb}ekjbt ft tbdigm igjv }i Dnfge' F}t }{ed`{bdi{m ih h{btn q{imrdb b~qi{}t net kbbg mftlej' Fgmfet tne{b fg cjikej}{emb ft jbtt }neg 5" mbtqf}b }nb hed} }ne} f} q{imrdbt ixb{ 521 xe{fb}fbt ihh{rf}t egm xbcb}ekjbt% ]nb {betigt e{b gi} }ii mfhhfdrj} }i he}nil' Fgfg}b{ge}figej le{`b}t }nb mbtf{bm h{btngbtt .mbjfxb{bm tnbjh jfhb hi{digtrlb{t& ft }vqfdejjv tbxbg mevt' ]nb t}i{ecb digmf}figt fg Fgmfe e} he{lce}b* e} q{idbttfgc dbg}b{t egm e} }nb b~f} qifg} .snb}nb{ f}t e tbe qi{} i{ef{qi{}& e{b c{ittjv fgembure}b' Fgmfeg q{imrdb t}e{}t }i mb}b{fi{e}b fgurejf}v sf}nfg ;=,=> nir{t ih ne{xbt}' Lit} Fgmfeg bg}{bq{bgbr{t sb{be}}{ed}bm kv }nb nrcb mftqe{f}v kb}sbbg }nb fg}b{ge}figej le{`b} q{fdb egm}nb {bje}fxbjv jis dit} ih drj}fxe}fig fg Fgmfe' Tilb bxbg lemb fgxbt}lbg}tih rq }i -5 lfjjfig }i trqqi{} }nb krtfgbtt }i mbjfxb{ urejf}v h{btn q{imrdb'


2/12

Nisbxb{* eg fgdilqjb}b dijm dnefg* dilkfgbm sf}n qii{ dilqjfegdb }ifg}b{ge}figej t}egme{mt nexb jbm }i jittbt .b'c' drt}ilb{ djeflt& }ne} nexblemb e tb{firt mbg} ig }nb kejegdb tnbb} ih }nbtb bg}{bq{bgbr{t' Et edigtburbgdb }nbv nexb nem }i le`b e net}v b~f} h{il }nb krtfgbtt%

Mr{fgc }nb qet} mbdemb* tbxb{ej jbemfgc Fgmfeg di{qi{e}b nirtbt nexbbgcecbm sf}n }nb Fgmfeg he{lfgc dillrgf}v fg eg e}}blq} }i le`b emfhhb{bgdb kv nbjqfgc }nb he{lb{t kb}}b{ legecb tilb ih }nbtb dnejjbgcbtsnfjb dig}{fkr}fgc }i flq{ixfgc {r{ej fgdilbt' HfbjmH{btn Hiimt Qx}' J}m'.sss'hfbjmh{btnhiimt'fg&* bt}ekjftnbm fg Ercrt} ;11= egm nbemure{}b{bm fgMbjnf* Fgmfe* ft eg burej oifg} xbg}r{b kb}sbbg Kne{}f Bg}b{q{ftbt.sss'kne{}f'dil& egm Mbj Lig}b Qedfhfd J}m'* Qnfjfqqfgbt.sss'mbjlig}bqedfhfd'dil&' Hi{ }nb qet} }n{bb vbe{t }nb dilqegv net kbbgsi{`fgc sf}n he{lb{t fg }nb t}e}bt ih Qrgoek egm Lene{etn}{e .tbb leq& fg eleggb{ }ne} ft d{be}fgc e sfg,sfg hi{ ki}n }nb he{lb{t egm }nb dilqegv']nb bgtrfgc qe{ec{eqnt k{fbhjv dne{} ir} }nb oir{gbv ih HfbjmH{btn Hiimt fgf}t bhhi{}t }i krfjm e trt}efgekjb fg}b{ge}figej krtfgbtt fg xbcb}ekjbt0trqqjvfgc h{btn digtrlb{ qed`t ih kekv di{g }i nfcnjv mblegmfgc {b}efjb{tfg R@ ( Br{iqb* snfjb tflrj}egbirtjv mbjfxb{fgc tfcgfhfdeg} kbgbhf}t }i tlejjhe{lb{t%

Kekv Di{g

HfbjmH{btn Hiimt net kbbg trqqjvfgc h{btn Kekv Di{g fg digtrlb{ qed`t }i}nb R@ ( BR le{`b}t hi{ }nb qet} }n{bb vbe{t egm net kbbg ekjb }itrddbtthrjjv bt}ekjftn k{egm Fgmfe sf}n R@t jbemfgc trqb{le{`b}t jf`b

Tefgtkr{vt* ETME* ]BTDI* b}d'' Fg }nb q{idbtt }nb dilqegv net kbdilb}nb je{cbt} Fgmfeg b~qi{}b{ ih h{btn kekv di{g kv tbjjfgc ixb{ 311 lb}{fd}igt fg ;116,51 .negmjfgc ixb{ 3*111 }igt ih {es le}b{fejt&' Bxb{v mev }nbdilqegv ef{ h{bfcn}t ixb{ ;*111 `fjit i{ 5;*111 digtrlb{ qed`t% Ir{ trqqjvtne{b b~dbbmt 51" ih }nb R@ {b}efj le{`b}* dilqb}fgc mf{bd}jv sf}n]nefjegm* }nb grlkb{ igb trqqjfb{ fg }nb si{jm' ]nft qb{hi{legdb net igjvkbbg lemb qittfkjb kv mbjfxb{fgc digtft}bg}jv ig urejf}v egm ig tb{xfdbt}egme{mt* fg jfgb sf}n }nb b~qbd}e}figt ih ir{ fg}b{ge}figej drt}ilb{t'

Krfjmfgc }{rt} }n{ircn Qrkjfd,Q{fxe}b,Qe{}gb{tnfq

Eg ed}fxf}v ih }nft mflbgtfig deg igjv kb blke{`bm rqig snbg }nb b}nit ih}nb i{cegfze}fig ft {ii}bm fg}i }nb he{lfgc dillrgf}v' [ii}bm,gbtt dilbt}n{ircn krfjmfgc }{rt}' F} set flqb{e}fxb hi{ e gbs bg}{eg} }i bt}ekjftn exftfkjb qnvtfdej hii}nijm' Eddi{mfgcjv* }nb dilqegv* sf}n }nb trqqi{} ihCixb{glbg} ih Qrgoek* bt}ekjftnbm e d{iq mbxbjiqlbg} hedfjf}v ig e 411 ed{btf}b fg Jemnisej* Qrgoek* Fgmfe* sf}n e }i}ej fgxbt}lbg} ih -51 lfjjfig .tbbjevir}&' ]nb hedfjf}v* HfbjmH{btn EDB .Ec{f Dbg}b{ ih B~dbjjbgdb&* net kbbgmbxbjiqbm }i tnis detb eqq{iq{fe}b he{lfgc }bdngfurbt* trqqi{}bm kv qit}ne{xbt} fgh{et}{rd}r{b' HfbjmH{btn EDB net eg emmbm kbgbhf} fg }ne} f} ft
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3/12

emoifgfgc }nb helirt Qrgoek Ec{fdrj}r{b Rgfxb{tf}v .QER&* fg Jrmnfege*Qrgoek' ]nb {bje}figtnfq sf}n e si{jm djett ec{fdrj}r{b rgfxb{tf}v tb{xbt et eqje}hi{l }i krfjm e dig}fgrirt dvdjb ih {btbe{dn egm mbxbjiqlbg} hidrtfgcig mbjfxb{fgc le{`b}ekjb {btrj}t' Et qe{} ih }nb jigc }b{l dijjeki{e}fig sf}nQrgoek Ec{fdrj}r{b Rgfxb{tf}v* }nb dilqegv eggrejjv tqigti{t }nb edemblfd

q{ic{el ih hir{ t}rmbg}t sni e{b qr{trfgc qit} c{emre}b jbxbj t}rmvq{ic{elt fg xbcb}ekjbt' ]nft* sb kbjfbxb* sfjj burfq }nb t}rmbg}t sf}nle{`b}ekjb t`fjjt egm ejti bgtr{b e t}bemv qfqbjfgb ih nfcn dejfkb{ }ejbg} hi{tdejfgc rq ih krtfgbtt'

T}e{}fgc fg Qrgoek* fg Ercrt} ;112* e mbmfde}bm c{irq ih d{iq tdfbg}ft}digmrd}bm drj}fxe}fig }{fejt ig kekv di{g e} HfbjmH{btn EDB' ]nbtb }{fejt*tq{bem ixb{ ;= lig}nt* k{ircn} ir} }nb lit} eqq{iq{fe}b he{lfgc}bdngfurbt hi{ }nb fmbg}fhfbm e{bet fg Qrgoek ig kekv di{g drj}fxe}fig' Ejigcsf}n d{iq }{fejt }nb }bel t}e{}bm }i si{` }ise{mt rgmb{t}egmfgc }nb urejf}v( db{}fhfde}fig {burf{blbg}t ih cjikej {b}efjb{t' ]nb }bdngfdej }bel mfjfcbg}jvsi{`bm }i cefg Cjikej CEQ .Ciim Ec{fdrj}r{b Q{ed}fdbt& db{}fhfde}fig hi{HfbjmH{btn EDB hedfjf}v'

Fgmfeg jest mi gi} ejjis di{qi{e}b he{lfgc i{ di{qi{e}b isgb{tnfq ihec{fdrj}r{b jegm' Fg i{mb{ }i krfjm je{cb tdejb he{lfgc jbm krtfgbtt egi{cegfze}fig net }i si{` sf}n legv nrgm{bmt ih tlejj fgmfxfmrej he{lb{t' ]i}e`b }nft hi{se{m }nb dilqegv bgcecbm sf}n QER }i mbxbjiq eg bgb{cb}fd}bel ih d{iq emxfti{t }i blke{` ig }nb jigc egm {bse{mfgc oir{gbv ihcefgfgc he{lb{ }{rt}%

Krfjmfgc He{lb{ Diggbd}

HfbjmH{btn Hiimt net fgxbt}bm tfcgfhfdeg} }flb egm ligfbt fg }{efgfgc he{lb{t}i lbb} }nb fg}b{ge}figej t}egme{mt ih urejf}v egm dilqjfegdb' Ir{ he{lb{te{b q{ixfmbm b~qitr{b }i }nb eqq{iq{fe}b he{lfgc q{ed}fdbt e} ir{ HfbjmH{btnEDB he{l* egm }n{ircn ir{ d{iq emxfti{v }bel* tbgtf}fzbm }ise{mt iq}flrlrtb ih {btir{dbt jf`b se}b{ egm lfgflfzfgc }nb rtb ih dnblfdej hb{}fjfzb{t (qbt}fdfmbt' D{iq {i}e}fig egm i}nb{ q{ic{bttfxb ec{fdrj}r{ej q{ed}fdbt jf`bfg}b{,d{iqqfgc sf}n trce{ degb* lfg} b}d'* e{b kbfgc q{ili}bm }i bgnegdb}nb ektijr}b ligbv be{gbm qb{ ed{b }i }nb he{lb{' Legv ih ir{ he{lb{t

q{fle{fjv be{g jfxbjfniim h{il trqqjvfgc lfj` }i }nb mef{v fgmrt}{v' ]nbhimmb{ h{il kekv di{g d{iq ft gis q{ixbg }i mbjfxb{ 2" }i 51" kb}}b{ lfj`vfbjm ki}n fg }b{lt ih xijrlb egm he} dig}bg}% Fg }flbt ih jisb{ {efghejj*}nb exefjekfjf}v ih kekv di{g himmb{ net kbdilb }nb jfhbjfgb hi{ legv ehe{lb{t% ]nft net nbjqbm fg dig}fgrirtjv {bmrdfgc ixb{ejj he{lfgc dit}t.snfdn gis dilqe{b sbjj sf}n }nb kbgdnle{` dit}t h{il ]nefjegm&' Et e{btrj}* he{lb{ fgdilbt nexb cigb rq ig exb{ecb kv ;1" qb{ vbe{ etdilqe{bm }i ej}b{ge}b d{iqt'


4/12

Exefjekfjf}v ih urejf}v se}b{ e} }nb {fcn} }flb ft d{f}fdej }i trddbtt fgec{fdrj}r{b' ]nb t}e}b ih Qrgoek net tbbg e t}bemv mbdjfgb fg }nb se}b{ }ekjbmrb }i fg}bgtfxb he{lfgc ih {fdb egm snbe}' ]nb xece{fbt ih ligtiig nexbhr{}nb{ emmbm }i mbqjb}fig ih }nb c{irgm se}b{ {btir{dbt' ]nb dilqegv fted}fxbjv bgcecbm fg crfmfgc }nb he{lb{t }i trt}efgekjb se}b{ legecblbg} fg

f}t he{lfgc iqb{e}figt' Dijrlkfe Se}b{ Hi{rl .DSH&* e qe{} ih ]nb Be{}nFgt}f}r}b ih Dijrlkfe Rgfxb{tf}v .Gbs Vi{`* RTE&* net qe{}gb{bm sf}n QrgoekEc{fdrj}r{b Rgfxb{tf}v* HfbjmH{btn Hiimt Qx}' J}m* egm jbemfgc Fgmfegec{fdrj}r{b dilqegfbt }i jergdn }nb Fgmfe Se}b{ Hi{rl hidrtfgc ig }nb{bmrd}fig fg se}b{ rtecb fg ec{fdrj}r{b }i bgtr{b trt}efgekjb trqqjv hi{ge}figt se}b{ {burf{blbg}' ]nb dilqegv ft nbjqfgc ixb{ 511 he{lb{t }itnfh} h{il se}b{ fg}bgtfxb d{iqt jf`b {fdb }i detn d{iqt jf`b xbcb}ekjbt' ]nbdilqegv ejti mbligt}{e}bt }nb kbgbhf}t ih rtfgc se}b{ et e gr}{fbg} egm gi}}{be} f} ft e h{bb {btir{db' ]nb he{lb{t e{b bgdir{ecbm* }n{ircn rtb iheqq{iq{fe}b burfqlbg} jf`b }bgtfilb}b{t* tifj lift}r{b q{ikbt* }i cercb }nbq{bdftb jbxbj ih lift}r{b fg }nbf{ tifj kbhi{b }nbv f{{fce}b ti }ne} }nb hfbjmte{b se}b{bm igjv snbg }nb tifj gbbmt f}' Q{btbg}jv* he{lb{t si{` kv tfcn}egm hjiim }nb hfbjm snbgbxb{ f} eqqbe{t m{v }i }nb ge`bm bvb'

]si ih }nb kfccbt} rgdb{}efg}fbt hedbm kv he{lb{t e{b sbe}nb{ egm le{`b}eddbtt hi{ }nb d{iq' Fg qe{}gb{tnfq sf}n jbemfgc fgtr{egdb dilqegfbt fg }nbcixb{glbg} egm q{fxe}b tbd}i{* HfbjmH{btn Hiimt net jergdnbm sbe}nb{fgmb~ ketbm fgtr{egdb q{imrd}t }ne} sfjj trqqi{} }nb he{lb{ fg }nb bxbg} }nbsbe}nb{ qe}}b{g dnegcbt' ]nb q{imrd} net kbbg mbtfcgbm eh}b{ tbxb{ej{irgmt ih digtrj}e}figt sf}n he{lb{t egm i}nb{ b~qb{}t' ]nb he{lb{ mibt gi}nexb }i ci }n{ircn egv jbgc}nv qeqb{si{` i{ }e`b nbjq ih fgtr{egdb

tr{xbvi{t' ]nb djefl er}ile}fdejjv edd{rbt igdb }nb sbe}nb{ digmf}figt et{bdi{mbm kv }nb jidej sbe}nb{ t}e}fig e{b ir}tfmb }nb ec{bbm qe{elb}b{t hi{ir{ d{iq' Ir{ he{lb{t e{b xb{v qitf}fxb ekir} }nft mbxbjiqlbg} egm }nbvnexb blk{edbm f} snijb nbe{}bmjv'

Fg }nb detb ih qb{ftnekjb q{imrd}t* }nb {ft` ih le{`b} kbdilbt li{bq{igirgdbm sf}n }flb' ]nb q{flb emxeg}ecb ih e dig}{ed}rej ec{bblbg}kb}sbbg HfbjmH{btn egm qe{}gb{ he{lb{t ft }ne} }nb dilqegv q{ixfmbt ecre{eg}bb }i qr{dnetb ejj }nb q{imrdb c{isg* sf}nfg tqbdfhfbm urejf}v egmureg}f}v qe{elb}b{t' ]nb {bje}figtnfq ejti q{ixfmbt he{lb{t sf}n h{bb ih

dne{cb eddbtt }i e sfmb {egcb ih legecb{fej* }bdngfdej egm b~}bgtfigtb{xfdbt' ]nb q{fdb ejigc sf}n }nb tqbdfhfde}figt ft fgmfde}bm fg s{f}fgc fgemxegdb' Ir{ iqb{e}figt }bel net {bjbg}jbttjv si{`bm sf}n he{lb{t }imbligt}{e}b }nb eqq{iq{fe}b q{ed}fdbt mbxbjiqbm e} ir{ he{lt' HfbjmH{btnHiimt* ejigc sf}n f}t qe{}gb{ he{lb{t* kbdelb igb ih }nb xb{v hbs Fgmfegdilqegfbt }i ik}efg Cjikej CEQ db{}fhfde}fig hi{ xbcb}ekjbt' E q{idbtt m{fxbgeqq{iedn sf}n lbetr{ekjb ir}dilbt net k{ircn} ekir} nfcnb{ jbxbj ihdb{}efg}v fg }nb he{lb{t lfgm' ]nb he{lb{ ft fgdbg}fxfzbm }i bgnegdb fgdilbkv mbjfxb{fgc kb}}b{ urejf}v q{imrdb' Lit} flqi{}eg}jv* }nb {bxbgrb h{il


5/12

d{iq tejb ft mf{bd}jv }{egthb{{bm fg}i }nb he{lb{t keg` eddirg} sf}nfg 51mevt ih mbjfxb{v ih }nb q{imrdb* }nrt krfjmfgc hr{}nb{ }{rt} egm }{egtqe{bgdvfg }nb {bje}figtnfq

]i q{ixfmb embure}b trqqi{} }i }nb je{cb tdejb bhhi{}t sf}n he{lb{t* }nb

dilqegv net fgxbt}bm fg si{jm djett qit} ne{xbt} hedfjf}v .qed` nirtb& e}HfbjmH{btn EDB' ]nft hedfjf}v net ejj }nb {burftf}b }blqb{e}r{b t}i{ecb {iilt*er}ile}bm egm digxbvi{ m{fxbg le}b{fej negmjfgc burfqlbg} egm e hrjjvburfqqbm lfd{ikfijicfdej jeki{e}i{v' ]nb qed` nirtb net kbbg db{}fhfbm etK[D dilqjfeg} .K{f}ftn [b}efj Digti{}frl&'

HfbjmH{btn Hiimt net kbbg ekjb }i ednfbxb egm bgtr{b vbe{ {irgm exefjekfjf}vih h{btn kekv di{g }i }nb R@ trqb{le{`b}t fg eg b~}{blbjv tni{} tqeg ih}flb' ]nb urejf}v }{ed` {bdi{m ih }nb dilqegv egm }nb he{lb{t t}egmt e}ekixb 66" qed` ir} ih ejj }nb q{imrdb b~qi{}bm%

Rq,tdejfgc iqb{e}figt? mbxbjiqfgc {r{ej lfd{i ( tlejj bg}b{q{ftbt

Fg e dirg}{v snb{b lit} ih }nb he{lfgc ft migb kv tlejj he{lb{t* tdejfgc rqih iqb{e}figt {burf{bt mbxbjiqfgc e xe{fb}v ih deqekfjf}fbt' Ixb{ }nb qet} 5>lig}nt }nb dilqegv net blke{`bm ig deqedf}v krfjmfgc b~b{dftb ih emfhhb{bg} `fgm' Fg }nb t}e}b ih Lene{etn}{e* sb nexb fgxbt}bm .hfgegdfejjv egmlegecb{fej }flb& fg jbem he{lb{t sni nexb kbbg }{efgbm }i legecb e je{cbqe{} ih }nb xejrb dnefg' ]nbtb jbem he{lb{t e{b ir{ Ec{f Bg}{bq{bgbr{t' ]nbve{b ir{ qe{}gb{t fg krfjmfgc e trt}efgekjb xejrb dnefg' Fg i{mb{ }i urejfhv }ikb eg Ec{f Bg}{bq{bgbr{* e qb{tig lrt} hrjhfjj 4 d{f}b{fe

5' Kb e jidej he{lb{ ih ciim {bqr}b;' Nexb e urejf}v i{fbg}e}fig4' Mbtf{b }i krfjm e jigc }b{l krtfgbtt ketbm ig di{b he{lfgc ed}fxf}fbt

Mbqbgmfgc ig }nb deqedf}v ih }nb Ec{f Bg}{bq{bgbr{t }nb dilqegv netq{ixfmbm tni{} }b{l hrgmfgc rq }i -;11*111' Kbtfmbt }nbf{ isg he{lfgced}fxf}fbt* }nb Ec{f Bg}{bq{bgbr{t q{ixfmb tbxb{ej di{b tb{xfdbt

5' Legecb d{iq mbligt}{e}fig qji}t

;' [bd{rf} ( legcb e je{cb c{irq ih he{lb{t* fgdjrmfgc legecfgc }nbdillb{dfej {bje}figtnfq'4' Q{ixfmb d{iq emxfti{v tb{xfdbt*=' Di,fgxbt} egm legecb qit} ne{xbt} fgh{et}{rd}r{b2' Q{ixfmb jicft}fdt trqqi{}

Bedn ih }nb Ec{f Bg}{bq{bgbr{t nexb krfj} e tlejj i{cegfze}fig* {bd{rf}fgc 51,;1 {r{ej vir}n* }ne} q{ixfmbt tb{xfdbt }i }nb he{lb{t }i trqqi{} fg krfjmfgc}nb he{lb{,diggbd} q{ic{el' ]nft i{cegfze}fig ft trqqi{}bm kv e mbmfde}bm


6/12

}bel h{il HfbjmH{btn Hiimt' ]imev* HfbjmH{btn Hiimt si{`t sf}n ixb{ 4211tlejj .exb{ecb jegmnijmfgc ih jbtt }neg 5 ne& he{lb{t* c{isfgc kekv di{g iggbe{jv =111 ed{bt }n{ircn }nb dig}{ed} he{lfgc' Ih }nft* li{b }neg >2"he{lb{t e{b legecbm kv Ec{f Bg}{bq{bgbr{t%

]nb krtfgbtt ed}fxf}fbt ih bedn ih }nb bg}{bq{bgbr{t nexb jbm }i fgd{betb fghe{lb{ fgdilbt kv rq }i ;1"' ]nb si{` net ejti cbgb{e}bm tfcgfhfdeg} jidejblqjivlbg} iqqi{}rgf}v hi{ jidej silbg sni e{b blqjivbm ki}n e} }nbhe{lt egm fg }nb qit} ne{xbt} iqb{e}figt .qed` nirtb&'

Jbttigt jbe{gbm ( Dnejjbgcbt enbem

He{lb{t e{b }{rt}fgc egm e{b xb{v sfjjfgc }i jbe{g' Nisbxb{ }nb lb}nim ihjbe{gfgc net }i kb krfj} ig }nb ked` ih tlejj tdejb qfji}t digmrd}bm fg }nbxfdfgf}v ih }nb c{isfgc jide}figt' He{lb{t gbbm }i tbb }nb q{iih ih digdbq}egm igjv }nbg }nbv sfjj }e`b hi{se{m }nb drj}fxe}fig q{ic{el' F} ft fgembure}b}i nexb igjv igb hedfjf}v jf`b HfbjmH{btn EDB* }ne} }ii jide}bm fg Qrgoek'' Gis}nb HfbjmH{btn }bel dig}fgrejjv fgxbt}t sf}n q{ic{bttfxb he{lb{t }i krfjmmbligt}{e}fig qji}t' ]nb he{lfgc q{ed}fdbt hijjisbm ig }nbtb qji}t ft m{fxbgkv sne} ft jidejjv exefjekjb egm }nb kbt} q{ed}fdbt iktb{xbm fg i}nb{jide}figt' ]nb {ft` ih ir}qr} h{il }nb mbligt}{e}fig qji}t ft ki{gb kv }nbdilqegv'

F} ft ektijr}bjv d{f}fdej }ne} }nb i{cegfze}figt mbejfgc sf}n he{lfgcdillrgf}v e{b tbbg }i kb mbligt}{e}fgc nfcnbt} jbxbj ih fg}bc{f}v snb}nb{

f} ft fg tne{fgc `gisjbmcb i{ fg eddbq}fgc lft}e`bt' HfbjmH{btn* fg f}t oir{gbv}i krfjm e ge}figej hii}q{fg}* net t}ehhbm }nb ig c{irgm }belt sf}n qbiqjbh{il }nb jidej e{be' ]nbtb blqjivbbt e{b diednbm ig e igcifgc ketft' ]nbdilqegvt jbemb{tnfq h{il tne{bnijmb{t misgse{mt le`b f} e qifg} }iqe{}fdfqe}b fg he{l {bje}bm ed}fxf}fbt' Bxb{v bxbg} ft e dertb hi{ dbjbk{e}figsf}n ir{ he{lb{t' He{lb{t nexb dilb }i eddbq} }ne} ir{ dilqegv ft si{`fgchi{ flq{ixfgc }nb jigc }b{l egm dnegcbt sfjj dilb fg tlejj kv}bt'

]nb digdbq} ih }{rt}* snfjb betfjv rgmb{t}iim* ft mfhhfdrj} }i tq{bem fg ergfhi{l sev* btqbdfejjv snbg gb}si{` tfzb fgd{betbt' ]nft ft e `bv dnejjbgcb

hi{ }nb blqjivbbt' Hi{ ir{ q{ic{el }i kb trddbtthrj f} ft ektijr}bjvgbdbtte{v }ne} ejj qe{}gb{t .Ec{f Bg}{bq{bgbr{t* rgfxb{tf}fbt* keg`t b}d&mbligt}{e}b }nb telb jbxbj ih dighfmbgdb }i }nb he{lb{t' Fg i{mb{ }i k{fgc}nft rgfhi{lf}v* }nb dilqegv net k{egmbm f}t tb{xfdbt }i }nb he{lb{' Sbkbjfbxb }ne} ixb{ e qb{fim ih }flb dilkfgbm sf}n }{egtqe{bgdv egm }n{ircn etb} ih qitf}fxb b~qb{fbgdbt }nb he{lb{ sfjj {bdicgfzb }nb {bjfekfjf}v ih ir{k{egm .tb{xfdbt& egm ejti }nb tb{xfdbt ih ir{ qe{}gb{t'


7/12

Tflrj}egbirtjv* sb e{b digt}eg}jv si{`fgc }ise{mt e }{egtqe{bg}i{cegfze}fig ih qbiqjb sf}nfg HfbjmH{btn' ]nb }belt e{b bgdir{ecbm }i tne{begm nexb eddbtt }i bxb{vkimv fg }nb i{cegfze}fig' ]nb fgdbg}fxb q{ic{elte{b mbtfcgbm }i {bse{m }nb }bel egm gi} }nb fgmfxfmrej' ]{efgfgc* ki}njidejjv egm fg}b{ge}figejjv ejjist bedn fgmfxfmrej }i mbxbjiq nft t`fjj ketb'

Q{fmb fg bxb{v}nfgc }ne} sb mi ft e xb{v `bv etqbd} ih }nb mefjv {ir}fgb ih ir{}belt'

]nb fg}b{ge}figej le{`b} hi{ ir{ q{imrd} ket`b} ft jflf}bm' Nbgdb }nb{b ftgis eg r{cbg} gbbm }i b~qegm }nb {egcb egm)i{ hfgm gbs le{`b}t' Fgmfegle{`b} hi{ urejf}v h{btn q{imrdb t}fjj {blefgt rgmb{ tb{xfdbm' ]nb c{isfgcFgmfeg digtrlb{ ketb egm {ftfgc fgdilb jbxbjt e{b d{be}fgc e je{cb rglb}mblegm' Nisbxb{* }nb tjis qedb ih mbxbjiqlbg} ih limb{g {b}efj fg Fgmfenet lemb f} mfhhfdrj} }i {bedn ir} }i }nft digtrlb{ ketb' Sb kbjfbxb }ne} }nftsfjj }e`b 4,2 vbe{t }i bxijxb' Ir{ qedb ih ed}fxf}v sf}n }nb he{lb{t sfjj gbbm}i kb limb{e}bm }i {bhjbd} }ne} mbxbjiqlbg}'

E} }nb be{jv t}ecb ih krtfgbtt krfjm bxijr}fig* }nb dilqegv net digtdfirtjvgi} bgcecbm sf}n jidej cixb{glbg} i{cegfze}fig' ]nft net kbbg migb }ibgtr{b }ne} }nb di{b hidrt ih krfjmfgc e xfekjb krtfgbtt limbj {blefgtfg}ed}' Fg }nb gb~} t}ecb HfbjmH{btn sfjj ed}fxbjv bgcecb sf}n xe{firtcixb{glbg}ej egm gig,cixb{glbg}ej i{cegfze}figt }i k{fgc }nb kbgbhf}t ih}nbf{ tb{xfdbt }i f}t he{lb{ gb}si{`' ]nft sfjj kb e `bv jbxb{ fg mbjfxb{fgcnfcnb{ xejrb emmbm }i }nb bg}f{b gb}si{` snfjb jbxb{ecfgc }nb b~ft}fgcfgh{et}{rd}r{b ih }nbtb i{cegfze}figt'

Ir{ dnitbg limbj ih krfjmfgc jfg`ecbt sf}n tlejj he{lb{t ft tdejekjb' Legvtlejj djrt}b{t e{b kbfgc fmbg}fhfbm egm mbxbjiqbm ig }nb telb jfgbt' Nrlegfg}b{xbg}fig sfjj dig}fgrb }i kb fg ed}fxf}fbt }ne} bgcbgmb{ }{rt} fg bxb{v}{egted}fig' ]nb t`fjj ketb sfjj c{is et tlejj bg}{bq{bgbr{t fgxbt} fg jidejvir}n' Tlejj he{lb{t sfjj niqbhrjjv tbb jigc }b{l kbgbhf} egm sfjj t}ev sf}nhe{lfgc et eg iddrqe}fig egm gi} tbjj }nb jegm }i mbxbjiqb{t' ]n{ircnir}}nft q{idbtt }nb hidrt ih }nb dilqegv sfjj {blefg }si hijm mbxbjiq le{`b}jfg`ecbt hi{ d{iq egm krfjm t}{igc diggbd}fxf}v fg }nb he{lfgc gb}si{` }ibgtr{b }ne} }nb mbtf{bm dnegcb egm qedb ih dnegcb e{b tqbbmbm rq'

Trlle{v

Sne} dillbgdbm et e xftfig ih Jfg`fgc Fgmfeg Hfbjmt }i }nb Si{jm netfgmbbm kbdilb e {bejf}v hi{ HfbjmH{btn Hiimt' ]nft vbe{* snfdn ft }nb hir{}nvbe{ ih ir{ dig}{ed} he{lfgc q{ic{el* sb sfjj t}{fxb }i c{is ir{ krtfgbtt kv21" }nb{bkv b~qi{}fgc gbe{jv 5*511 lb}{fd }igt ih kekv di{g h{il Fgmfe }i}nb lit} dilqb}f}fxb* mblegmfgc egm urejf}v digtdfirt le{`b}t fg Br{iqb'Lit} flqi{}eg}jv sb sfjj kb krfjmfgc e tijfm hirgme}fig hi{ }nb hr}r{b* sf}nixb{ 2111 qe{}gb{ he{lb{t fg }si ih Fgmfet lit} q{ic{bttfxb ec{fdrj}r{ej


8/12

kbj}t fg Qrgoek ( Lene{etn}{e' ]nft trddbtthrj qe{}gb{tnfq net mbligt}{e}bm}ne} fgmbbm ki}n }nb he{lfgc dillrgf}v egm }nb di{qi{e}b tbd}i{ deg cefgkv si{`fgc }icb}nb{ egm }ne} li{b egm li{b he{lb{t deg kb k{ircn} fg}i}nb hijm et }nb tdejb ih }nb krtfgbtt fgd{betbt lrj}fhijm fg }nb dilfgc vbe{t'Jf`b }nbv tev }nb q{iih ih }nb qrmmfgc ft fg }nb be}fgc , hi{ ki}n }nb

he{lb{t sni nexb bxfmbgdbm {bjfekfjf}v ( q{ihf}ekfjf}v ejigc sf}n }{rt} (}{egtqe{bgdv fg }nft {bje}figtnfq et sbjj et hi{ }nb dilqegv snfdn tbbt etijfm egm tdejekjb jigc }b{l qe{}gb{tnfq krfjmfgc rq sf}n }nb he{lfgcdillrgf}v'


9/12

HfbjmH{btn Ec{f Dbg}{b ih B~dbjjbgdb .EDB& ? Qje}hi{l hi{ Eqq{iq{fe}b Fggixe}fig

a

T}e}b ih }nb E{} D{iqMbxbjiqlbg} Dbg}{b

Qit} Ne{xbt}]bdngijicvB~qb{}ftb

Bgxf{iglbg}H{fbgmjv

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Ec{fdrj}r{b

Si{jm Djet

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Legecblb


10/12

Ir{ C{isfgc Jide}figt fg Qrgoek ( Lene{etn}{e

a

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11/12

Q{ihfjb ih }nb i{cegfze}fig

HfbjmH{btn Hiimt Q{fxe}b Jflf}bm .sss'hfbjmh{btnhiimt'fg& fgdi{qi{e}bm

fg Ercrt} ;11=* ft e oifg} xbg}r{b kb}sbbg Kne{}f Bg}b{q{ftbt egm MLQJFgmfe J}m'* snfdn ihhb{t h{btn h{rf}t ( xbcb}ekjbt egm q{idbttbm hiimt egmkbxb{ecbt fg }nb Fgmeg et sbjj et cjikej le{`b}t'

HfbjmH{btn Hiimt Qx} J}m'* fg }nb h{btn hiimt de}bci{v ft }nb je{cbt} Fgmfegb~qi{}b{ ih Kekv di{g egm ft ejti bgcecbm fg q{ixfmfgc tehb* h{btn egmnvcfbgfd h{rf}t egm xbcb}ekjbt fg digxbgfbg} hi{le}t }i hiim tb{xfdb egmlimb{g {b}efj tbclbg}t fg }nb Fgmfeg le{`b} rgmb{ }nb HfbjmH{btn k{egm']nb dilqegv net {bdbg}jv bg}b{bm fg }nb q{idbttbm hiimt de}bci{v kvjergdnfgc Mbj Lig}b k{egm fg Fgmfe sf}n e q{ilftb }i ihhb{ }nb digtrlb{tfggixe}fxb q{imrd}t fg hiimt egm kbxb{ecbt , dilkfgfgc c{be} }et}b egmciimgbtt ih nbej}n'

Ir{ Xftfig ft }i kb }nb lit} }{rt}bm egm fggixe}fxb q{ixfmb{ ih k{egmbm h{btnh{rf}t ( xbcb}ekjbt egm q{idbttbm hiim q{imrd}t'

Kne{}f Bg}b{q{ftbt* .sss'kne{}f'dil& hirgmbm fg 5638* kv Trgfj Kne{}fLf}}ej* Kne{}f net c{isg h{il kbfgc e legrhed}r{b{ ih kfdvdjb qe{}t }i igb ih}nb je{cbt} egm lit} {btqbd}bm krtfgbtt c{irqt fg Fgmfe' Sf}n f}tbg}{bq{bgbr{fej tqf{f} egm qettfig }i rgmb{}e`b krtfgbtt q{iobd}t }ne} e{b}{egthi{le}figej fg ge}r{b* Kne{}f net d{be}bm si{jm,djett krtfgbttbt fg

}bjbdil* hfgegdfej tb{xfdbt* {b}efj* egm hiimt' Kne{}f t}e{}bm f}t }bjbdiltb{xfdbt krtfgbtt kv jergdnfgc likfjb tb{xfdbt fg Mbjnf .Fgmfe& fg 5662'Kne{}f Ef{}bj* }nb c{irq#t# hjectnfq dilqegv* net blb{cbm et igb ih }iq}bjbdil dilqegfbt fg }nb si{jm egm ft eligct} }nb }iq hfxb sf{bjbttiqb{e}i{t fg }nb si{jm'

Ixb{ }nb qet} hbs vbe{t* }nb c{irq net mfxb{tfhfbm fg}i blb{cfgc krtfgbtte{bet fg }nb het} b~qegmfgc Fgmfeg bdigilv' ]nb c{irq net hi{evbm fg}i }nb{b}efj tbd}i{ kv iqbgfgc {b}efj t}i{bt fg lrj}fqjb hi{le}t , tlejj egm lbmfrl, et sbjj bt}ekjftnfgc je{cb tdejb detn ( de{{v t}i{bt }i tb{xb fgt}f}r}figejdrt}ilb{t egm i}nb{ {b}efjb{t' ]nb c{irq ihhb{t e dilqjb}b qi{}hijfi ihhfgegdfej tb{xfdbt , jfhb fgtr{egdb* cbgb{ej fgtr{egdb egm ettb} legecblbg}, }i drt}ilb{t ed{itt Fgmfe' Kne{}f ejti tb{xbt drt}ilb{t }n{ircn f}t h{btnegm q{idbttbm hiimt krtfgbtt' ]nb c{irq net c{isfgc fg}b{bt}t fg i}nb{e{bet trdn et }bjbdil tih}se{b* {bej bt}e}b* }{efgfgc egm deqedf}v krfjmfgc*egm mft}{fkr}fig ih }bjbdil)F] q{imrd}t'

E} Kne{}f* }nb{b ft igb rgmb{jvfgc qnfjitiqnv }i d{be}b krtfgbttbt }ne} e{b}{egthi{le}figej egm nexb e mbbq flqed} ig tidfb}v'
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12/12

Mbj Lig}b Qedfhfd Jflf}bm .MLQJ& .sss'mbjlig}bqedfhfd'dil& ft e c{irqih dilqegfbt }ne} de}b{t }i }imevt digtrlb{ gbbmt hi{ q{blfrl urejf}v*nbej}nv hiim egm kbxb{ecb q{imrd}t' F} fggixe}bt* q{imrdbt* le{`b}t egmmft}{fkr}bt f}t q{imrd}t si{jmsfmb'

]nb MLQJ C{irq isgt }nb Mbj Lig}b k{egm fg }nb Qnfjfqqfgbt egm bgoivtjbemfgc le{`b} tne{bt hi{ deggbm qfgbeqqjb orfdb egm orfdb m{fg`t* deggbmqfgbeqqjb egm }{iqfdej lf~bm h{rf}t* }ile}i terdb* tqecnb}}f terdb egm}ile}i `b}dnrq'

Sf}n f}t ;1*111,nbd}e{b dig}fcrirt qfgbeqqjb qjeg}e}fig fg }nb Qnfjfqqfgbt*311*111,}ig q{idbttfgc deqedf}v egm e qi{} kbtfmb f}t deggb{v* Mbj Lig}bQedfhfd iqb{e}bt }nb si{jmt je{cbt} hrjjv,fg}bc{e}bm qfgbeqqjb iqb{e}fig' F} ftq{irm ih f}t jigc nb{f}ecb ih li{b }neg >1 vbe{t ih qfgbeqqjb c{isfgc egmq{idbttfgc' F} net jigc,}b{l trqqjv ec{bblbg}t sf}n i}nb{ Mbj Lig}b}{emble{` isgb{t egm jfdbgtbbt e{irgm }nb si{jm'

Mbj Lig}b Qedfhfd egm f}t trktfmfe{fbt e{b gi} ehhfjfe}bm sf}n i}nb{ Mbj Lig}bdilqegfbt fg }nb si{jm trdn et Mbj Lig}b Hiimt Di* H{btn Mbj Lig}bQ{imrdb Fgd* Mbj Lig}b Etfe Q}b J}m egm }nbtb dilqegfbt qe{bg}t egmtrktfmfe{fbt'

Ixb{ }nb qet} >1 vbe{t* }nb dilqegv net qfigbb{bm q{ic{ellbt }ne} cexbrt }nb iqqi{}rgf}v }i tne{b ir{ xejrbt* b~qb{}ftb egm {btir{dbt sf}n ir{tr{{irgmfgc dillrgf}fbt' Et ir{ krtfgbtt c{ist* sb nexb }irdnbm }nb jfxbtih legv qbiqjb et sb k{fgc dnegcb egm mbxbjiqlbg} }i {r{ej dillrgf}fbt'

Mbj Lig}b Hirgme}fig* Fgd'* e gig,t}id` egm gig,q{ihf} i{cegfze}fig*tqbe{nbemt ir{ bhhi{}t }i nbjq krfjm nbej}nv dillrgf}fbt }ne} si{` }icb}nb{hi{ trt}efgekjb mbxbjiqlbg}' ]n{ircn e k{iem,{egcb q{ic{ellb ihettft}egdb* sb bgdir{ecb ir{ nit} dillrgf}fbt }i jbe{g tbjh,trhhfdfbgdv egmdig}{fkr}b }i ge}fig,krfjmfgc'
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