private military firms

8/3/2019 Private Military Firms

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Clhlzo, Aoy =225

CLHLZO DLHU]L JN] UGL ELAND]OUID DNHU]N@ NJO]ALE JN]DLT 'EDOJ)

JODU TGLLU

R]IZOUL AI@IUO]Y JI]AT

Sn}kihc C}n|r nh R}izoul Ai`iuo}y Dnarohilt

EDOJ, Clhlzo, Tsiuvl}`ohe



EDOJ Sn}kihc Rorl}t Tl}ilt

EDOJ Sn}kihc Rorl} Tl}ilt dnhtuiu|ult tu|eilt eltichle un r}nanul }lj`lduinh oheeitd|ttinh nh dizi`!aiìuo}y }lòuinht ohe itt|lt nj eland}ouid dnhu}n` nzl} eljlhdl ohetld|}iuy tldun}( Ugltl tu|eilt o}l r}lìaiho}y ohe t|mfldu un j|}ugl} }lzitinht( Uglr|mìdouinh nj ugltl end|alhut it |hleiule ohe |h}lzilsle(

Ugl zilst ohe nrihinht lwr}lttle o}l ugntl nj ugl o|ugn}'t) ohe en hnu hldltto}i`y}lj`ldu ugntl nj ugl Clhlzo Dlhu}l jn} ugl Eland}ouid Dnhu}n` nj O}ale Jn}dlt(

EDOJ Sn}kihc Rorl}t o}l hnu jn} q|nuouinh siugn|u rl}aittinh j}na ugl o|ugn}'t) oheugl Clhlzo Dlhu}l jn} ugl Eland}ouid Dnhu}n` nj O}ale Jn}dlt(



?

R}izoul Aiìuo}y Ji}at

Sn}kihc C}n|r nh R}izoul Aiìuo}y Dnarohilt

Kly itt|lt

• Jn} ugl ji}tu uial ih ugl gitun}y nj ugl anel}h houinh!tuoul, cnzl}halhut o}l

zn`|huo}i`y t|}}lhel}ihc nhl nj ugl lttlhuio` ohe eljihihc ouu}im|ult nj tuoulgnne6

ugl tuoul’t anhnrn`y nh ugl `lciuiaoul |tl nj jn}dl( Ugit `loet un ugl r}izouivouinh

nj so} ohe dnhjìdut(

• Ugl rlodl eizielhe, enshtivihc ohe anel}hivouinh nj o}ale jn}dlt jn``nsihc ugl

lhe nj ugl Dnè So} ohe ugl lhe nj oro}uglie, nzl}tu}ludg nj \T ohe Sltul}h

aiìuo}ilt elr`nyle om}noe, ohe ugl u}ohtiuinh nj houinho` tld|}iuy osoy j}na }itk

oznieohdl un o }itk aohoclalhu jnd|t gozl ihd}lotle ugl u}lhe unso}et ugl

n|utn|}dihc nj j|hduinht r}lzin|t`y rl}jn}ale my ugl aiìuo}y un r}izoul aiìuo}y

ji}at(? Tihdl ugl lhe nj ugl Dnè So}, tlzlh ai`ình tl}zidlalh gozl mllh

ug}nsh nh un ugl lar`nyalhu ao}klu siug ìuu`l un rlee`l m|u ugli} jicguihc ohe

aiìuo}y tki``t( Ugl mnnaihc r}izoul aiìuo}y ohe tld|}iuy tldun} got tnokle |r

a|dg nj ugit aohrnsl} ohe lwrl}uitl, sgidg lhuoi`t }lròdihc tnèil}t sgl}lzl}

? Ugl}l o}l zo}in|t ul}at ohe nzl}òrrihc eljihiuinht r}ltlhu`y |tle ih ugl ìul}ou|}l( Nhl nj

ugl an}l tytulaouid tytulat nj dòttijidouinh it r}nziele my R(S( Tihcl}, o|ugn} nj Dn}rn}oul So}}in}t , sgn lar`nyt ugl ul}a r}izouivle aiìuo}y ji}at un }ljl} un ugl lhui}lihe|tu}y nj m|tihltt n}cohivouinht ugou u}oel ih r}njlttinho` tl}zidlt ihu}idoul`y ìhkle unso}jo}l( Gl j|}ugl} m}lokt ensh ugl ihe|tu}y ihun ug}ll t|m tldun}t6 aiìuo}y t|rrn}udnarohilt sgidg gohe`l `ncituidt t|dg ot jlleihc ohe gn|tihc u}nnrt, r}nziel }lo} ldgl`nh uldghido` t|rrn}u, t|rr`y dgoih aohoclalhu, u}ohtrn}uouinh ohe tl}zidlt; aiìuo}ydnht|ùihc ji}at sgidg u}oih ohe oezitl rnìdl, ro}oaiìuo}y ohe aiìuo}y ihtuiu|uinht, oheaoy njjl} tu}oulcid, nrl}ouinho` ohe n}cohivouinho` oho`ytit kly un ugl j|hduinhihc n} }ljn}anj o}ale jn}dlt; ohe aiìuo}y r}nziel} ji}at sgidg r}nziel ei}ldu aiìuo}y ottituohdl}ohcihc j}na u}oihihc r}nc}oat ohe tuojj tl}zidlt un o}ale rl}tnhhl` un c|o}e nugl}t ohej}nhu!ìhl dnamou( Iu it ugit òtu doulcn}y ugou }oitlt ugl antu q|ltuinht omn|u oddn|huomiìuy(Siugih ugit òtu doulcn}y, nhl dn|è o`tn eituihc|itg mlusllh lwu}o`lco`, dòheltuihlal}dlho}y c}n|rt sgn jicgu jn} jihohdio` coih ih jn}lich dnhjìdut ugou o}l r}iao}i`y |tle myhnh!tuoul o}ale c}n|rt ohe an}l nddotinho``y my cnzl}halhut, ohe dn}rn}oul c}n|rt ugou

tllk un ml dnhtiel}le `lciuiaoul, nrl}oul ih oddn}eohdl siug ihul}houinho` òs, ohe dòia unsn}k nh`y jn} ltuomìtgle cnzl}halhut( Oeeiuinho``y, ugl ul}a r}izoul aiìuo}y dnarohilt got mllh |tle un eltd}iml dn}rn}oul lhuiuilt r}nzieihc njjlhtizl tl}zidlt eltichle un gozlo aiìuo}y iarodu nh o cizlh tiu|ouinh ohe o}l clhl}o``y dnhu}odule my cnzl}halhut, sgi`lr}izoul tld|}iuy dnarohilt got mllh |tle un eltd}iml dn}rn}oul lhuiuilt r}nzieihceljlhtizl tl}zidlt un r}nuldu iheizie|o`t ohe r}nrl}uy, j}lq|lhu`y |tle my a|ùihouinho`dn}rn}ouinht ih ugl lwu}oduizl tldun}, g|aohiuo}ioh oclhdilt, ohe iheizie|o`t ih tiu|ouinht nj dnhjìdu n} ihtuomiìuy(



=

rnttim`l siug a|dg mluul} roie diziìoht, jn}al}`y lwrlhtizl`y u}oihle my ugl tuoul,

m|u hnu t|mfldu un tuoheo}e aiìuo}y eitdirìho}y r}ndle|}lt(

• Elaohe jn} tl}zidlt r}nziele my RAJt ihd}lotle ojul} ugl Tlrulaml} ??

ouuodkt, sglh aohy dn}rn}oul lwld|uizlt ohe cnzl}halhu njjidio`t ihd}lotle

ugli} tld|}iuy nzl}tlot( Gnslzl}, elaohe jn} RAJ tl}zidlt got lwr`nele siugugl ndd|rouinh nj I}oq, sgl}l oh ltuiaoule ?<,222!=2,222 diziìoh dnhu}odun}t

hns r}nziel o trldu}|a nj tld|}iuy!}lòule tl}zidlt(

• Ugl lhe nj mirnò} dnhj}nhuouinh ohe ugl siuge}oso` nj aiìuo}y rou}nhocl `lju o

rnsl} zod||a ih dl}uoih }lcinht ohe dn|hu}ilt ojjldule my dnhjìdu( Ih ròdlt, ugit

got mllh ji``le my r}izoul aiìuo}y ohe tld|}iuy dnarohilt gi}le my so}}ihc

joduinht( Ugli} }n`l }lòult hnu nh`y un r}nzitinht dnhuoihle ih ugl dnhu}odut un

r}nziel slornh}y, m|u o`tn gns ugly ohe ugli} u}oihihc dnhu}im|ul un ugl elaohe

jn} slornht ih ugl }lcinh sgl}l ugly nrl}oul( Ugl nrlhihc |r nj ugl ihul}houinho`

o}at u}oel un oh ihd}lotihc h|aml} nj m|yl}t ohe tl``l}t got o``nsle o m}noel}

h|aml} nj eijjl}lhu odun}t un oddltt slornh}y( Ohe ugl}l o}l o h|aml} nj soyt

ih sgidg r}izoul aiìuo}y ohe tld|}iuy dnarohilt o}l ihzn`zle ih o}at r}nìjl}ouinh

ugou hlle un ml uoklh ihun dnhtiel}ouinh ou ugl \H Tao`` O}at Dnhjl}lhdl sgl}l

ugl o}at r}nd|}lalhu ohe m}nkl}ihc itt|l got mldnal o aofn} jnd|t jn}

dnhdl}h(

• Ugl omtlhdl nj }lc|òuinh ih ugl r}izoul r}nzitinh nj aiìuo}y ohe tld|}iuy tl}zidlt

ohe ug|t ugl eijjid|ùy nj eland}ouid dnhu}n`, ohe ihoelq|ody nj alot|}lt un gnè

r}izoul aiìuo}y ji}at ohe ugli} lar`nyllt un oddn|hu jn} ugli} oduinht, o}l nj

ro}uid|ò} dnhdl}h(

• Un eoul, oduinh un dnhu}n` RAJt got mllh oe gnd ohe trn}oeid( Sgi`l antu

dn|hu}ilt }ldnchivl ugl hlle un r}ngimiu ugl oduiziuilt nj al}dlho}ilt, jls gozl

elzl`nrle òst un t|rrn}u ugl ihul}houinho` oc}llalhut ugou lwitu '\H, NOT)(

Ugl an}l dnarìdoule aouul} nj dn}rn}oul aiìuo}y r}nziel} ji}at got mllh `lju

ò}cl`y un tl`j!}lc|òuinh ohe dn}rn}oul }ltrnhtimiìuy, siug nh`y o jls dn|hu}ilt

'Tn|ug Oj}ido, \T, J}ohdl) elzl`nrihc ohe iar`lalhuihc trldijid òst nh ugit

itt|l( Ugl}l it o hlle jn} tuoult un dnhu}n` hnu nh`y ugl }n`l nj ugltl odun}t ih ugl

o}at u}oel m|u o`tn ugli} r}nzitinh nj aiìuo}y ohe tld|}iuy tl}zidlt(



4

• Ugl eijjid|ùilt ih orr`yihc ihul}houinho` òs ohe ugl Clhlzo dnhzlhuinht un

RAJt( Ugl rl}tnhhl` nj RAJt o}l iheizie|o``y ìom`l |hel} ihul}houinho`

g|aohiuo}ioh òs, ugl \H ohe L\ Eldò}ouinh nj G|aoh ]icgut, ohe otrldut nj

ihul}houinho` d}iaiho` òs( Gnslzl}, ugit it o gicg`y ugln}luido` r}nrntiuinh ot

RAJt |t|o``y nrl}oul ih slok tuoult ugou en hnu gozl oelq|oul `lco` ohe f|eidio`

tytulat, lzlh ij ugly o}l aoel oddn|huom`l jn} gi}ihc RAJt my lhul}ihc ihun o

dnhu}odu siug ugla( An}lnzl}, ugl dnarohilt, ot nrrntle un iheizie|o`t ugou sn}k

jn} ugla, en hnu jo`` siugih aohy otrldut nj ihul}houinho` òs ohe sn|è hnu jn}

ihtuohdl dnal siugih ugl Tuou|ul nj ugl Ihul}houinho` D}iaiho` Dn|}u( Ug|t, ugl

antu orr}nr}ioul aloht jn} gnèihc RAJt oddn|huom`l it my aokihc ugli} gnal

cnzl}halhu }ltrnhtim`l jn} ugli} oduiziuilt(

• Orrìdomiìuy ohe lhjn}dlalhu nj houinho` òst( Ij o \T tnèil} |tlt git slornh ih

oh njj!e|uy mo} m}os`, gl it t|mfldu un ugl \T f|eidio` aiìuo}y dnel( M|u ij oh

lar`nyll nj o aiìuo}y r}nziel} ji}a . RAD |tlt git slornh nh c|o}e e|uy, gl it

ohtsl}om`l un ugl òs nj ugl houinh sgl}l gl it elr`nyle( Gnslzl}, tihdl RAJt

j}lq|lhu`y nrl}oul ih ‐joi`le tuoult‑ sgl}l houinho` òs it hnuinho`, ugl}l it ugl }itk

ugou RAJ lar`nyllt doh clu osoy siug a|}el}, tlw tòzl}y, }orl, g|aoh }icgut

om|tl, lud( Ohe ugl}l o}l ugl itt|lt nj t|mflduihc RAJ lar`nyllt un ugl toal

}|`lt nj lhcoclalhu ot jn}lich u}nnrt, nj ugli} ìdlhtihc un ki``, ohe nj diziìoht

hns nrl}ouihc tnal nj ugl antu tnrgituidoule slornht tytulat(

• Cnzl}halhut aoy tll ih RAJt hnu nh`y o aloht nj tozihc anhly, m|u o soy un

|tl o `ns!r}nji`l jn}dl un tn`zl oskso}e, rnìuido``y tlhtiuizl n} rnulhuio``y

lamo}}ottihc tiu|ouinht ugou elzl`nr nh ugl j}ihclt nj rnìdy( Tihdl RAJt o}l

si`ìhc un cn sgl}l ugl cnzl}halhu sn|è r}ljl} hnu un ml tllh, ugly njjl} o soy

un d}loul dnheiuinht jn} ‐rò|tim`l elhiomiìuy‑ ohe aoy ml |tle un do}}y n|u

nrl}ouinht sgidg sn|è ml lwrldule un allu siug r|mìd n} `lco` eitorr}nzo`, n}

tiel!tulr `lcitòuizl`y iarntle ìaiut nh aiìuo}y nrl}ouinht ohe jn}dl `lzl`t(

RAJt lhom`l tuoult un socl so}t my r}nwy siugn|u ro}ìoalhuo}y ohe r|mìd

nzl}ticgu un sgidg dnhzlhuinho` elr`nyalhut o}l t|mfldu, ohe ugly o}l rnìuido``y

`ltt r}nm`laouid sglh iu dnalt un dot|oùilt( RAJt ug|t o}l o aloht nj }le|dihc ugl rnìuido` }itk ohe }lrl}d|ttinht nj tlhtiuizl aittinht(

• Ugl r}nm`la nj eljihihc RAJt( Sgi`l ugl}l gozl mllh h|al}n|t ouularut un

eljihl ugl eijjl}lhu kihet nj lhul}r}itl sgidg nrl}oul ih ugl tldun}, ih r}oduidl, ugl



5

doulcn}ilt nj dnarohilt si`` njulh al}cl ihun lodg nugl}( An}lnzl}, o``

dnarohilt lzn`zl oddn}eihc un di}d|atuohdlt, aokihc dnhtitulhu doulcn}ivouinh

nj ugla ot lhuiuilt eijjid|ù( Dò}iuy nzl} sgidg oduiziuilt o}l rl}aiuule ohe sgidg

o}l r}ntd}imle orrlo}t un ml lttlhuio` jn} ohy `lcitòuizl alot|}lt }lc|òuihc

ugit tldun}( Gnslzl}, iu it hnu o`soyt ugl oduiziuy iutl`j ugou doh ml f|ecle ot

`lciuiaoul n} hnu, m|u }ougl}, n} ih oeeiuinh un, ugl dnhtlq|lhdlt nj iu uokihc ròdl

ih o cizlh tdlho}in(

]lòule itt|lt ohe |hdgo}ule ul}}iun}y

• RAJt en hnu r|}t|l houinho`, \H, n} L\ rnìdy6 mlihc r}njiu!e}izlh, ugli} r}iao}y

oia it un aokl anhly( Gns si`` ugou iarodu nh ugl r}nzitinh nj sgou it rl}gort

ugl |ùiaoul r|mìd cnne — houinho` tld|}iuy>

• Ugl itt|lt nj `nyoùy, ieln`ncy, ohe houinho` ihul}ltu(

• Dl}uoih tuoult o}l hns jodihc tl}in|t }lulhuinh r}nm`lat ih ugli} trldio` jn}dlt ot

ugly `ntl gicg`y u}oihle rl}tnhhl` un ugl tichijidohu`y mluul}!royihc r}izoul aiìuo}y

ji}at( Sgou iarodu it ugl RAJ ihe|tu}y gozihc nh do}ll} tu}oulcilt nj aiìuo}y

njjidl}t>

• Ihd}lotle }lìohdl nh n|utn|}dihc un RAJt o`tn }oitlt q|ltuinht nj ugl `nhcl}!

ul}a iarodu nh cnzl}halhut’ ròhhihc, tu}oulcy, ohe elditinh!aokihc r}ndlttlt

ohe doromiìuilt(

Anel`t ohe oùl}houizl nruinht

RAJt }lr}ltlhu ugl hlsltu oeeiuinh un ugl anel}h mouu`l trodl, ohe ugli} }n`l ih

dnhularn}o}y so}jo}l it mldnaihc ihd}lotihc`y tichijidohu( RAJt o}l hns tn ji}a`y

lamleele ih ihul}zlhuinh, ndd|rouinh, ohe rlodlkllrihc e|uilt ugou ugl

rglhnalhnh aoy gozl }lodgle ugl rnihu nj hn }lu|}h6 \T ohe \K aiìuo}ilt sn|è

tu}|cc`l un socl so} siugn|u RAJt( Ugl r}nrn}uinh nj dnhu}odule tld|}iuy rl}tnhhl`

ih I}oq it hns ?2 uialt c}loul} ugoh e|}ihc ugl ji}tu C|`j So}( Ih ?99?, jn} lzl}y

r}izoul dnhu}odun}, ugl}l sl}l omn|u ?22 tl}zidlalh; hns ugl}l o}l ?2( Njjidio`



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jic|}lt ìtu ugl M}iuitg ot ugl tldnhe ò}cltu dnhuihclhu siug o}n|he 9’922 u}nnrt │

glhdl n|uh|aml}le my ugl ?2’222 un =2’222 r}izoul aiìuo}y dnhu}odun}t hns nh ugl

c}n|he ih I}oq( Dnhtnìeouinh it lzielhu ih ugl \T EnE’t otri}ouinh ugou diziìoh

dnhu}odun}t tgn|è oddn|hu jn} <2 rl}dlhu nj elr`nyle aohrnsl} ih o`` j|u|}l

nrl}ouinht( Tihdl ugl}l it ugl }itk ugou ugihct aoy clu n|u nj gohet ohe ugou RAJt

dn|è mldnal tao`` o}ailt, ugl}l it o hlle jn} }lc|òuinh(

Ugl ihd}lotl ohe eizl}tijidouinh nj oduiziuilt nj RAJt, ot sl`` ot ugli} lwroheihc

d|tunal} motl got r}narule o h|aml} nj cnzl}halhut un dnhtiel} oenruihc

`lcitòuinh( Ih ugl \K, ugl cnzl}halhu itt|le nh Jlm}|o}y =22= o ‐C}llh Rorl}‑

alohu un n|uìhl zo}in|t nruinht jn} }lc|òuihc RADt ohe RTDt( Tiw rnttimiìuilt

sl}l òie n|u, }ohcihc j}na oh n|u}icgu moh nh aiìuo}y oduiziuy om}noe, un o clhl}o`

ìdlhtihc tdglal ohe lzlh o tl`j!}lc|òun}y tytula(=

Un eoul, ugl ?997 Tn|ug Oj}idoh ]lc|òuinh nj Jn}lich Aiìuo}y Ottituohdl Odu4

it uglantu jo}!}lodgihc houinho` `lcitòuinh eloìhc siug al}dlho}ilt, RADt, ohe RTDt(

Al}dlho}y oduiziuy it mohhle |hel} ugl Odu( Iut siel} r|}rntl it, gnslzl}, un }lc|òul

jn}lich aiìuo}y ottituohdl eljihle ot ihd`|eihc6 ‐oezidl ohe u}oihihc; rl}tnhhl`,

jihohdio`, `ncituido`, ihul`ìclhdl ohe nrl}ouinho` t|rrn}u; rl}tnhhl` }ld}|iualhu;

aleido` n} ro}oaleido` tl}zidlt, n} r}nd|}lalhu nj lq|iralhu‑( Ugl }lhel}ihc nj

jn}lich aiìuo}y ottituohdl it hnu r}ntd}imle |hel} ugl Odu m|u ihtuloe dnhu}n``le my o

ìdlhtihc ohe o|ugn}ivouinh r}ndle|}l |hel} ugl dnarlulhdl nj ugl Houinho`

Dnhzlhuinho` O}at Dnhu}n` Dnaaiuull( Ugl Odu ihd`|elt lwu}o!ul}}iun}io` orrìdouinh

ohe r|hiuizl rnsl}t jn} ugntl ugou en hnu omiel my iu( Gnslzl}, un eoul iu got mllh

lhjn}dle nh`y un o ìaiule elc}ll ohe dnhu}nzl}ty got t|}}n|hele iut r}oduido`

orrìdouinh(

Ugl }lc|òun}y }lcial nj ugl \T it nj lq|o` tichijidohdl6 o}at m}nkl}ihc ohe ugl

lwrn}u nj aiìuo}y tl}zidlt o}l dnzl}le |hel} ugl toal `lcitòuinh, ugl Ihul}houinho`

U}ojjid ih O}at ]lc|òuinht 'IUO])5, nzl}tllh my ugl \T EnT’t Njjidl nj Eljlhtl

U}oel Dnhu}n`t( \hel} IUO], }lcitul}le dnarohilt a|tu orr`y jn} ìdlhtlt mljn}l

tichihc dnhu}odut siug jn}lich dìlhut ohe joi`|}l un en tn it o r|hitgom`l njjlhdl(

Nhdl o dnhu}odu got mllh tichle mlusllh o dnarohy ohe o jn}lich cnzl}halhu, ugl

\T EnT dnhuih|lt un anhiun} ohe }lc|òul ugl j`ns nj ottituohdl ohe slornht, sgi`l

= Ugl rorl} doh ml jn|he |hel}6 sss(jdn(cnz(|k.Ji`lt.kji`l.al}dlho}ilt,2(rej 4 Un ml jn|he |hel}6 guur6..r}nfldut(tir}i(tl.lwrdnh.houlwrdnh.TOj}ido.jn}aiòtt(gua5 Un ml jn|he |hel}6 guur6..raeud(n}c.}ljl}lhdl(gua



:

\T D|tunat lhjn}dlt ugl }lc|òuinh( Gnslzl}, ugl}l o}l jls r}nzitinht jn}

ihjn}aouinh un ml r}nziele un Dnhc}ltt( Ugit òdk nj u}ohtro}lhdy ohe dnhu}nzl}tio`

|tl nj aiìuo}y dnhu}odun}t my ugl cnzl}halhu got mllh gicgìcgule ih o dn|r`l nj

dotlt, oanhc ugla ugl aiìuo}y oie rodkocl un Dn`namio, sgidg }lìlt glozi`y nh

RAJt un do}}y n|u iut dn|hul}!ho}dnuidt tu}oulcy(

Ij cnzl}halhut n} ihul}houinho` mneilt ihulhe un lar`ny RAJt ih ugl j|u|}l, ugly a|tu

ji}tu ltuomìtg }lc|òun}y dnhu}n`( Cizlh ugl hls dn}rn}oul hou|}l nj Sltul}h RAJt,

t|dg }lc|òuinht sn|è ml loty un lhjn}dl, ij oh ihul}`ndkihc j}oal!sn}k nj houinho`,

}lcinho`, ohe ihul}houinho` dnhu}n` aldgohitat it r}nziele jn}( Un odgilzl t|jjidilhu

}lc|òun}y dnhu}n`, ugl r}in}iuilt jn} tuoult ihd`|el6

?( ]ouijidouinh nj }l`lzohu ihul}houinho` ohe }lcinho` `lco` ihtu}|alhut;

=( Ihu}ne|duinh nj dnhu}n`t nzl} o}at m}nkl}ihc ohe tgirrihc oclhut ihun ugl tdnrl

nj o}at lwrn}u dnhu}n`t ugou }ldnchivl ugl }n`l ròyle my RAJt;

4( Elzl`nralhu nj houinho` ̀ lcitòuinh un dnhu}n` ugl oduiziuilt nj RAJt;

5( An}l }icn}n|t iar`lalhuouinh nj \H o}at lamo}cnlt ohe tohduinht sgidg

ihd`|el ih ugli} tdnrl RAJt ohe uldghido` ottituohdl ugou aoy oddnarohy o}at

u}ohtjl}t;

<( T|rrn}u jn} ugl dnhuih|ouinh ohe m}noelhihc nj ugl aoheoul nj ugl \H Trldio`

]orrn}ul|} nh al}dlho}ilt un ihd`|el RAJt;

:( Elzl`nralhu nj ihul}houinho` alot|}lt un tgo}l ihjn}aouinh nh RAJt;

3( R}nanuinh nj alot|}lt un lht|}l ugou lar`nyl}t nj RAJt ihu}ne|dl t|jjidilhu

tojlc|o}et un r}lzlhu m}lodglt nj g|aoh }icgut tuoheo}et, ihul}houinho`

g|aohiuo}ioh òs, ohe nugl} }l`lzohu otrldut nj ihul}houinho` òs my RAJ

rl}tnhhl`;

7( R}nanuinh nj tld|}iuy tldun} }ljn}a r}nc}oat ugou `loe un oddn|huom`l RAJt siug

r}nrl} diziìoh nzl}ticgu ohe dnhu}n` tn ot un }le|dl ugl hlle jn} r}izoul

dnhu}odun}t lhcocihc ih dnamou ohe t|rrn}u ljjn}ut un dnamou i`ìdiu u}oel ih o}at(



3

Oùl}houizlt un |tl nj RAJt

Antu ihul}houinho` dnhjìdut o}l }lòuizl`y loty un gohe`l, ot ugly o}l ihiuioule my nhl

ro}uy’t m}lodg nj ugl rlodl, l(c( ih ugl jn}a nj oh ouuodk nh ohnugl} tuoul, sgidg

dò}ijilt ugl `lco` ohe ihul}houinho` òs otrldut nj ugl dotl( T|dg dnhjìdut o}l |t|o``y

ul}aihoule siug o dlotlji}l ohe o d`lo}`y elao}doule tlro}ouinh nj ugl so}}ihcro}uilt(

O`nhc ugit ìhl nj elao}douinh \H — n} nugl} — o}ale jn}dlt o}l elr`nyle, |t|o``y

siug o aoheoul j}na ugl \H Tld|}iuy Dn|hdi` ohe ugl aittinh nj lht|}ihc ugl òtuihc

tlro}ouinh nj ugl so}}ihc ro}uilt( Ugl }|`l nj ugl coal jn} t|dg ‐ihul}rntiuinhihc

jn}dlt‑ it iaro}uioìuy, ugl aoih uotk it nmtl}zouinh, ohe ugl |tl nj jn}dl it ugl

lwdlruinh, nh`y }ltn}ule un ih tl`j!eljlhtl( Ugl }itkt un ugl u}nnrt o}l ìaiule ohe ugl

}lq|i}lalhut ih ul}at nj slornht ohe lq|iralhu o}l |t|o``y }ougl} aneltu( Ugit

sot ugl dotl siug ugl elr`nyalhu nj \HALL ojul} ugl u}|dl mlusllh Luginrio ohe

L}iu}lo │ o u}oeiuinho` rlodlkllrihc aittinh ih antu }ltrldut(

A|dg an}l dnar`lw it ugl tluuihc ih ugl ojul}aoug nj oh ihu}o!tuoul dnhjìdu, ml iu o

dizi` so} n} ugl dn`òrtl nj o tuoul │ }lr}ltlhuihc ugl aofn}iuy nj o}ale dnhjìdut ih

}ldlhu ylo}t( Njulh, ugl}l o}l hnu usn m|u o r`|}oìuy nj dnhjìduihc ro}uilt, ohe ugl lhe

nj gntuiìuilt it j}lq|lhu`y ao}kle my o dlotlji}l oc}llalhu al}l`y tichle my tnal nj

ugl ro}uilt, sgn o}l }o}l`y om`l un iar`lalhu iu touitjodun}i`y( Glhdl, ugl u}|dl it

|t|o``y j}oci`l, tlèna siug ohy d`lo} ìhl nj elao}douinh mlusllh ugl ro}uilt un

rou}n`, ohe o tichijidohu }itk nj lheihc |r |hel} ji}l( Ugl iaro}uioìuy }|`l it go}e un

orr`y sgl}l ugl zl}y ielhuiuy nj ugl ro}uilt aoy ml |hd`lo}, ohe sgl}l ugl}l it o

dnhtuohu }itk nj ‐aittinh d}llr‑ — o aittinh elzl`nrihc tn |hr}leiduom`y ugou ugl

ihiuio` aoheoul aoy ml }lhel}le ihoelq|oul( Jn} t|dg elr`nyalhut, an}l a|td|ò}

lq|iralhu it iheitrlhtom`l ohe ugl}l it o tichijidohu }itk nj dot|oùilt j}na ugl }ohkt

nj ugl rlodlkllrl}t(

Aiìuo}y oùl}houizlt

Ugl ozoiòm`l oùl}houizlt aoy ml t|meiziele ihun ug}ll doulcn}ilt — `lozihc otiel

ugl nhl nj enihc hnugihc ou o``, lzlh ih ugl dotl nj clhndiel, dgont, tuo}zouinh ohe

aitl}y, n} nj dnhjihihc ottituohdl un g|aohiuo}ioh oie( Ugl uotkt doh liugl} ml



7

tgn|èl}le my o}ale jn}dlt j}na ugl Hn}ug, ugl ihe|tu}ioìvle sn}è, n} j}na ugl

Tn|ug, ugl Ugi}e Sn}è, n} my `ndo` jn}dlt(

]lc|ò} jn}dlt j}na ugl Hn}ug sn|è ml ugl ielo` tn`|uinh jn} o`` nj ugl uotkt, mldo|tl

ugly o}l clhl}o``y sl`` u}oihle ohe gozl oddltt un oh iaalhtl t|rrn}u tu}|du|}l ih

ugli} gnalòhet( Dl}uoih nj ugla, ltrldio``y \T jn}dlt, aoy hliugl} gozl a|dglwrl}ilhdl siug dnar`lw rlodl aittinht hn} ugl si`` un `lo}h j}na nugl}t( M|u nugl}

dn|hu}ilt — tao`` ohe alei|a rnsl}t t|dg ot ugl Hn}eid dn|hu}ilt, ugl Hlugl}òhet,

ohe Dohoeo — gozl eldoelt nj lwrl}ilhdl siug ugit kihe nj aittinht( An}lnzl},

joi}hltt elaohet ugou dnhu}im|uinht o}l r}nrn}uinho` un ldnhnaid ohe aiìuo}y slicgu,

glhdl ugou HOUN o`ìlt tgn|è ott|al antu nj ugl }ltrnhtimiìuy( \hjn}u|houl`y,

hnugihc tllat un iheidoul ugou ugl }idg dn|hu}ilt o}l si`ìhc un en tn, ltrldio``y hnu ih

Oj}ido( Hnu nh`y gozl ugly o``ndoule o ò}cl ro}u nj ugli} jn}dlt un ugl Mo`koht ohe

Ojcgohituoh, m|u ugli} clhl}o` ihul}ltu ih Oj}ido got eldìhle dnhtiel}om`y(

]lc|ò} u}nnrt j}na Ugi}e Sn}è dn|hu}ilt o}l ugl nmzin|t oùl}houizl( Glhdl ugl

ouu}oduinh nj }lcinhoìvouinh, o``nsihc ugl Hn}ug un rott ugl r}nm`la un ugl Tn|ug(

Ugn|cg }lcinho` jn}dlt gozl tnal oezohuoclt ih ul}at nj joaiìo}iuy siug `ndo`

dnheiuinht, ugit orr}nodg it hnu siugn|u r}nm`lat, l(c( ugly si`` njulh ml t|trldule nj

r|}t|ihc gieelh oclheot ih ugli} }lcinho` hlicgmn}gnne(

@ndo` u}nnrt sn|è ml uglh ml ugl nmzin|t oùl}houizl, ij iu sl}l hnu jn} ugl jodu ugou

ugly gozl |t|o``y mllh oanhc ugl so}}ihc ro}uilt ih ugl ihu}otuoul dnhjìdut( Ug|t,

ugly o}l njulh ro}u nj ugl r}nm`la }ougl} ugoh o rnttim`l aloht un iut tn`|uinh(

An}lnzl}, ugly o}l njulh nj o aleind}l un rnn} q|oìuy ohe ugli} lq|iralhu

ihoelq|oul jn} ugl uotk, |h`ltt ugly o}l o}ale, lq|irrle ohe u}oihle, liugl} my nugl}

dn|hu}ilt n} my RAJt(

O`` nj ugl omnzl r}nm`lat gozl aoel tnal oezndoul ugl |tl nj r}izoul aiìuo}y ji}at

jn} ihul}houinho` rlodlkllrihc aittinht( Liugl} r}ltlhu r}oduidlt dn|è dnhuih|l

sgl}l RAJt o}l nddotinho``y gi}le jn} trldijid uotkt nh oh oe gnd motit, n} o an}l

jn}aoìvle r}oduidl aicgu ml elzl`nrle(

Hn}ugl}h dn|hu}ilt dn|è aokl |tl nj RAJt jn} rlodl nrl}ouinht ih ugl Tn|ug ot oh

oùl}houizl un tlheihc ugli} nsh u}nnrt, n} uotk u}nnrt j}na ugl Tn|ug( Ugl òuul}

nruinh njulh iarìlt ugl |tl nj dnhtd}irule u}nnrt j}na nugl} dn|hu}ilt sgidg it go}e`y

an}l lugido``y f|tuijiom`l ugoh un |tl al}dlho}ilt, ot ugl òuul} o}l, ojul} o``,



9

zn`|hull}t ohe dnarlhtoule jn} }itkt ohe ihdnhzlhilhdlt( Ugl dn|hu}ilt nj ugl

Hn}ug aicgu ug|t allu ugli} nmìcouinht ot \H alaml}t siugn|u tod}ijidihc ohyugihc

m|u anhly( Nhl doh o`tn iaocihl ugl \H iutl`j aokihc |tl nj RAJt, liugl} oe gnd n}

nh o an}l rl}aohlhu motit(

Ih aohy tdlho}int o }orie elr`nyalhu nj lzlh tao`` jn}dlt dn|è aokl o miceijjl}lhdl( Iu got mllh ltuiaoule ugou o jn}dl nj o al}l <’222 u}nnrt dn|è gozl

r}lzlhule ugl ?995 ]soheoh clhndiel, sgidg goe o eloug un`` nj o}n|he 722’222,

aoih`y diziìoht( Dnhtiel}ihc ugl ìaiule h|aml}t ohe r}iaiuizl lq|iralhu nj antu nj

ugl `ndo` jn}dlt, o aiìuo}y r}nziel} ji}a dn|è r}nmom`y gozl }ld}|iule ugl }lq|itiul

jn}dlt un eljlou ugla, ohe ugl r}idl jn} t|dg o ìaiule elr`nyalhu sn|è t|}l`y gozl

mllh sn}ug royihc(

Sgou tuohet ih ugl soy nj t|dg nruinht it r}iao}i`y ugl tuicao sgidg }laoiht

ouuodgle un ‗al}dlho}ilt’( Ugit }oitlt ugl q|ltuinh sglugl} iu aicgu ml rnttim`l un}lc|òul ugl |tl nj RAJt un t|dg oh lwulhu ugou ugly dn|è ml oddlrule ot `lciuiaoul

aiìuo}y ihtu}|alhut(

Sgidg dn|hu}ilt en iu ohe gns

Ugl r}izouivle aiìuo}y ihe|tu}y got mldnal o mic m|tihltt( Tlzl}o` g|he}le

dnarohilt nrl}oul ih nzl} ??2 dn|hu}ilt o`` nzl} ugl sn}è, ugl aofn}iuy ih ugl

tl}zidl nj tuoult ìkl ugl \T, ugl \K, ]|ttio, ohe It}ol` │ oanhc h|al}n|t nugl}

houinht( Ugl go}e jodu it ugou lzl} an}l dn|hu}ilt dohhnu cn un so} siugn|u RAJt( Ih

ugl \T, ugl tgiju ih rnìdy doal siug Lwld|uizl N}el} ?=444 e|}ihc ugl ]locoh!M|tg

rl}ine |hel} sgidg tn!do``le ‐houinho` tld|}iuy‑ ohe ‐ihul`ìclhdl‑ j|hduinht sl}l

o``nsle un ml r}izouivle( Uneoy, \T o}ale jn}dlt o`}loey }l`y nh RADt un aoihuoih

=7 rl}dlhu nj o`` slornht tytulat(

RAJt gozl mllh d}iuido` ròyl}t ih o h|aml} nj dnhjìdut, ohe ih aohy ugl

elul}aihoul odun}( Ugl lhe nj oro}uglie ih Tn|ug Oj}ido ohe ugl t|mtlq|lhu

}ltu}|du|}ihc nj ugl o}ale jn}dlt sot oh iarn}uohu jodun} ih ugl jn}aouinh nj

Lwld|uizl N|udnalt 'LN), nhl nj ugl antu sl`` khnsh aiìuo}y r}nziel} ji}at,

eittn`zle ou ugl lhe nj ?997( Ohnugl} lwoar`l it Ror|o Hls C|ihlo, sgidg sot ugl

tluuihc jn} ugl sl``!r|mìdivle omn}ule ?993 ihul}zlhuinh my Toheìhl Ihul}houinho`(



?2

Mnug LN ohe Toheìhl sl}l gi}le nh tlro}oul nddotinht my R}ltielhu Kommog nj

Til}}o @lnhl ih git ljjn}ut un eljlou ugl ]lzn`|uinho}y \hiule J}nhu ']\J), sgidg goe

klru git eland}ouido``y l`ldule cnzl}halhu j}na }|ìhc ugl dn|hu}y(

Ugl dnhu}otuihc lwrl}ilhdlt ih Til}}o @lnhl mlusllh LN ohe ugl \H’t

rlodlkllrihc nrl}ouinh o}l ugl antu njulh diule lwoar`l nj r}izouivouinh’t r}naitl(Ih ?99<, ugl Til}}o @lnhl cnzl}halhu sot hlo} eljlou j}na ugl ]\J, o hljo}in|t

}lml` c}n|r sgn goe ugl gomiu nj dgnrrihc njj ugl o}at nj diziìoht ot o ul}}n} uoduid(

T|rrn}ule my a|ùihouinho` aihihc ihul}ltut, ugl cnzl}halhu gi}le LN, aoel |r nj

zlul}oht j}na ugl Tn|ug Oj}idoh oro}uglie }lcial’t lìul jn}dlt( Elr`nyihc o

mouuoình!tivle |hiu nj otto|ù ihjohu}y, h|aml}ihc ih ugl `ns g|he}let, sgn sl}l

t|rrn}ule my dnamou glìdnrul}, ìcgu o}ui``l}y, ohe o jls o}an}le zlgid`lt, LN

t|ddlttj|``y q|otgle ugl }lml` anzlalhu ih o troh nj sllkt( LN e}nzl ugl }lml`t

n|u nj ugl doriuo`, J}llunsh, }lunnk kly aihlt j}na ugl ]\J, eltu}nyle iut

gloeq|o}ul}t, ohe aoihuoihle rlodl e|}ihc ugl ?99: ohe ?993 l`lduinht( Gnslzl},

ugl siuge}oso` nj oh IAJ `noh e|l un ugl al}dlho}ilt’ r}ltlhdl aoel iu iarnttim`l

jn} Kommog un roy LN( Ugl c}n|r’t siuge}oso` `le un o dn|r n|tuihc Kommog `ltt

ugoh ug}ll anhugt òul}( Ih ugl =? anhugt ugou iu sot ih Til}}o @lnhl, LN’t dntut

sl}l f|tu %4< ai`ình( Eltriul gozihc o m|eclu ohe rl}tnhhl` tivl hlo}`y =2 uialt

ugou nj LN, ugl \H jn}dl unnk tlzl}o` ylo}t nj nrl}ouinh un dnal d`ntl un ugl toal

}lt|ùt(

Ih ?997, Toheìhl sot gi}le un jihitg sgou LN goe tuo}ule( Iut ihzn`zlalhu ih Til}}o

@lnhl ocoih }ltun}le Kommog un rnsl}, m|u dnhu}nzl}ty q|idk`y o}ntl ih ugl \K

sglh Toheìhl doal |hel} ihzltuicouinh my ugl Elro}ualhu nj D|tunat ohe Lwditl

jn} o``lcle zinòuinht nj oh \H o}at lamo}cn ih Til}}o @lnhl( Ugl dnhu}nzl}ty nh`y

ellrlhle sglh Toheìhl dòiale ugou iu goe ugl t|rrn}u nj ugl M}iuitg Gicg

Dnaaittinhl} ih Til}}o @lnhl ohe ugl uodiu orr}nzo` nj ugl M}iuitg Jn}lich Njjidl(

Toheìhl sot jn}dle un siuge}os ojul} o rlodl oddn}e siug ugl }lml`t sot gotui`y

tichle ohe ugl ]\J `loel} sot ihtuo``le ot zidl r}ltielhu |hel} Kommog( Sglh

j|}ugl} m`nnetgle jn``nsle Toheìhl’t siuge}oso`, M}iuitg u}nnrt sl}l tlhu o`nhc siug

o \H rlodlkllrihc jn}dl(

Ugit tgnst ugou al}dlho}ilt doh ml oh ljjlduizl unn` ih lheihc dnhjìdu, m|u doh o`tn

`loe un j|}ugl} dgont ij hnu ro}u nj o `nhc!ul}a ròh( Ugl q|ltuinh it sglugl} ugly o}l

mluul} t|iule un t|dg ljjn}ut ugoh \H rlodlkllrihc jn}dlt n} ugntl nj nugl}



??

cnzl}halhut( Ot Toheìhl’t jn}al} dgilj, Uia Tridl}, toie ih =222, iu sot a|dg

dglorl} jn} ugl M}iuitg cnzl}halhu un roy Toheìhl %?(< ai`ình ugoh ugl ¤4<2 ai`ình

iu it dntuihc un aoihuoih M}iuitg u}nnrt ohe ugl \H nrl}ouinh(

@ns dntu, gnslzl}, enlt hnu lìaihoul ugl an}o` itt|l( Siugn|u r}nrl} }lc|òuinh my

oh n}cohivouinh t|dg ot ugl \H, aiìuo}y r}nziel} ji}at dohhnu ml dn|hule nh unoegl}l un ugl toal lugido` tuoheo}et ot houinho` aiìuo}y jn}dlt ro}uy un ihul}houinho`

oc}llalhut t|dg ot ugl Clhlzo Dnhzlhuinht( Ugl}l o}l tnal dnaalheom`l

ouularut ou tl`j!}lc|òuinh, t|dg ot ugntl nj Toheìhl, sgidg dòiat nh`y un

‐|hel}uokl r}nfldut jn} ihul}houinho``y }ldnchivle cnzl}halhut, r}ljl}om`y

eland}ouido``y l`ldule, ihul}houinho` ihtuiu|uinht t|dg ot ugl \H, ohe clh|ihl,

ihul}houinho``y }ldnchivle ohe t|rrn}ule ìml}ouinh anzlalhut‑<( M|u ij cnzl}halhut

o}l un o``ns RAJt un ihul}zlhl ih ugl j|u|}l, ugly n|cgu un ml glè un tu}idu tuoheo}et

nj dnhe|du( ]ltrnhtim`l dnarohilt t|dg ot Toheìhl o}l hnu ìkl`y un dnaaiu

lc}lcin|t lugido` l}}n}t, m|u ugli} }lc|òuinh sn|è aokl ugla an}l orrloìhc un

`lciuiaoul cnzl}halhut ot unn` nj jn}lich rnìdy( Jn} ugit }lotnh, aiìuo}y r}nziel}

ji}at aoy lzlh sl`dnal ihul}houinho` nzl}ticgu(

Ih Ohhlw O, ugl M}iuitg ‐C}llh Rorl}‑ dnhuoiht ?? roclt nh Oj}ido’t lwrl}ilhdl

?9<2t!?992t siug al}dlho}ilt( Nugl}, `lttl}!khnsh dotlt ihd`|el6

• Ih T}i @ohko, ugl cnzl}halhu got gi}le RAJ ri`nut un j`y c|h tgirt(

•

Ih Hlro`, lw!C|}kgo tnèil}t gozl jn}ale o RAJ nj ugli} nsh, C|}kgo Tld|}iuy C|o}et(

• Ih Doamneio, o J}lhdg RAJ r}nzielt elaihihc tl}zidlt(

• Ih ugl Rgiìrrihlt, ugl h|aml} nj RAJ lar`nyllt oàntu n|uh|aml}t ugl rnìdl

n} ugl o}ay( Dnhu}n` ]itkt C}n|r r}nzielt tld|}iuy ròhhihc jn} aihl tiult(

C}oysn}kt Tld|}iuy , o Jiìrihn dnarohy, r}nzielt aiìuo}y u}oihihc un cnzl}halhu

jn}dlt(

• Ih Uoisoh, RAJt r}nziel oezitn}y tl}zidlt un ugl aiìuo}y(

< Tll6 guur6..sss(toheìhl(dna.dnarohy.ihelw(gua (̀ O`tn tll ugl rorl} my ToheìhlIhul}houinho`( R}izoul Aiìuo}y Dnarohilt — Ihelrlhelhu n} ]lc|òule> =7 Ao}dg ?997(



?=

• Ih Ohcnò, ugl cnzl}halhu aoklt iu o }lq|i}lalhu jn} jn}lich ihzltun}t ugou ugly

r}nziel ugli} nsh tld|}iuy my gi}ihc RTDt(

• Ih To|ei O}omio, \T!motle RAJt r}oduido``y }|h ugl o}ale jn}dlt, siug eljlhtl

dnhu}odun} MEA , ro}lhu nj Zihhl`` , r}nzieihc `ncituidt, u}oihihc ohe oezitn}y

tl}zidlt un ugl To|ei jn}dlt( Zihhl`` iutl`j u}oiht ugl To|ei Houinho` C|o}e, sgi`lMnnv!O``lh * Goaiùnh }|ht ugl aiìuo}y tuojj dn``lcl, TOID t|rrn}ut ugl hozy ohe

oi} eljlhtlt, ohe N’Co}o r}nuldut ugl }nyo` joai`y ohe u}oiht `ndo` tld|}iuy jn}dlt(

• Ih K|soiu, EyhDn}r t|rrn}ut ugl oi} jn}dl(

• Ih Ojcgohituoh, ?<2 lar`nyllt nj EyhDn}r o}l c|o}eihc R}ltielhu Ko}voi ohe

nugl} `loel}t ih ugl Ojcgoh cnzl}halhu(

• Ih ]|ttio, ulht nj ugn|tohet nj elanmiìvle tnèil} j}na ugl jn}al} Tnzilu o}ale

jn}dlt gozl fnihle RTDt nj sgidg ?=’222 o}l hns }lcitul}le( Nhl lwoar`l it ugl

Antdns!motle O`rgo ji}a, jn|hele my jn}al} KCM Trldio` Jn}dlt rl}tnhhl`,

sgidg got o ìhkocl siug ugl ihul}houinho` O}an}C}n|r ji}a( Dnhu}odu tnèil}t

gozl mllh jn|he o`nhctiel }lc|ò} jn}dlt ih Dgldghyo, ohe gozl eljlhele

jodiìuilt ih Ovl}moifoh, O}alhio, ohe Kovokgtuoh(

• Ih Lotu Uian}, O|tu}oìoh jn}dlt `loeihc ugl \H U}ohtiuinho` Oeaihitu}ouinh

rlodl!kllrihc jn}dl ih ?999 sl}l elrlhelhu nh `ncituidt n|utn|}dle un RAJt,

sgi`l ugl \H lar`nyle r}izoul ihul`ìclhdl ohe tld|}iuy ji}at un ottitu(

• Ih Aoòytio, UOTK Ihul}houinho` u}oihle ugl ]nyo` Aoòytioh Rnìdl ih gntuocl

}ltd|l, d`ntl r}nulduinh nj ihj}otu}|du|}l ohe rlnr`l, eljlhtizl e}izihc, ohe d}itit

aohoclalhu jn} ugl Dnaanhsloùg Coalt glè ih Tlrulaml} ?997 ih K|oò

@|ar|}(

• Ih Ihenhltio, Lwld|uizl N|udnalt r}nziele u}oihihc ohe t|rrn}u un ugl

Ihenhltioh trldio` jn}dlt ih gntuocl }ltd|l nrl}ouinht ih ?99:( Ugl u}oihihc sot

un oie ugl Ihenhltioh trldio` jn}dlt ih oh nrl}ouinh ih Sltu Ror|o 'I}ioh Foyo)(

• Ih M}|hli, Hlro`ltl C|}kgo mouuoìnht ugou jn}al}`y tl}zle ih ugl M}iuitg O}ay,

o}l ih dgo}cl nj ul}}iun}io` eljlhtl(



?4

• Ih It}ol`, }lzlh|lt clhl}oule my RAJt o}l toie un t|}rott eljlhtl lwrlheiu|}lt(

It}ol`!motle RAJt t|dg ot @lzeoh , Ohcn!Tlc| @ue( ohe Ti`zl} Tgoens gozl

sn}kle ih ugl Dnhcn, ih Ohcnò, ohe Dn`namio(

• Ih @iml}io, Ihul}dnh Tld|}iuy rl}tnhhl`, c|o}eihc ugl \T Lamotty, gozl jn|cgu

ìkl tnèil}t e|}ihc ugl }lml` tilclt(

• Ih ugl Tn|ug Dgiho Tlo, RAJt ìkl U}ielhu gozl uoklh nh ohui!ri}ody e|uilt(

Ao}ihl ]itk Aohoclalhu ohe Toul`ìul R}nulduinh Tl}zidl 'TRT) elr`ny

al}dlho}ilt oi}mn}hl un elo` siug ri}ody(

• Ih Dn`namio, M}iuitg Rlu}n`l|a gi}le o RAJ un sn}k siug o mouuoình nj ugl

Dn`namioh o}ay jn} ugl c|o}eihc nj rirlìhlt( \T RAJt o}l lhcocle ih dndoihl

l}oeidouinh, j`yihc d}nr!e|tul} tr}oy ròhlt ohe u}odihc e}|c ta|cc`l}t(

Ih Uom`l ?, ugl M}iuitg ‐C}llh Rorl}‑ ìtut ugl jn``nsihc lwoar`lt nj oduiziuilt ohe

|tl}t nj RAJt6

Oduiziuilt * tl}zidltr}nziele

Lwoar`lt nj dnarohilt Aoih |tl}t nj tl}zidlt

Dnamou ohe nrl}ouinho`t|rrn}u

Lwld|uizl N|udnaltToheìhl Ihul}houinho`C|}kgo Tld|}iuy C|o}et

Cnzl}halhut

Aiìuo}y oezidl ohe u}oihihc ET@,AR]ITizl} Tgoens@lzeoh,

Zihhl``,MEA

Cnzl}halhut

O}at r}nd|}lalhu Lwld|uizl N|udnaltToheìhl Ihul}houinho`@lzeoh

Cnzl}halhut

Ihul`ìclhdl cougl}ihc Dnhu}n` ]itk C}n|rK}n``,Toòeih,EyhDn}r

Cnzl}halhuA|ùihouinho` dnarohilt

Tld|}iuy ohe d}ialr}lzlhuinh

ET@, @ijlc|o}e, C}n|r 5Dnhu}n` ]itk C}n|r, C|}kgoTld|}iuy C|o}et, C}lyTld|}iuy, Dnih Tld|}iuy

A|ùihouinho` dnarohiltG|aohiuo}ioh oclhdilt

@ncituido` t|rrn}u M}nsh * ]nnu, EyhDn}r

Rodijid O}dgiuldut *Lhcihll}t

Rlodlkllrihc n}cohivouinh

G|aohiuo}ioh oclhdilt

Sgi`l hn o|ugn}iuouizl jic|}lt o}l ozoiòm`l, ugl}l o}l ltuiaoult ugou RAJt clhl}oul

%?22 mi`ình ih ohh|o` c`nmo` }lzlh|l( Tihdl ?995, ugl \T EnE o`nhl got lhul}le



?5

ihun an}l ugoh 4’=22 dnhu}odut zo`|le ou an}l ugoh %422 mi`ình siug ?= nj ugl 4< \T!

motle RAJt( Tnal =’322 nj ugntl dnhu}odut sl}l glè my f|tu = dnarohilt6 Kl``ncc,

M}nsh * ]nnu, t|mtieio}y nj Go`ìm|}unh, ohe Zi}cihio!motle aohoclalhu ohe

uldghn`ncy dnht|`!uihc ji}a, Mnnv!O``lh * Goaiùnh Ihd( ?3 nj ugl `loeihc RAJt gozl

ihzltule an}l ugoh %?=(5 ai`ình ih dnhc}lttinho` ohe r}ltielhuio` doaroicht tihdl

?999( Ih =22?, ?2 RAJt trlhu an}l ugoh %4= ai`ình nh `nmmyihc(

Jn``nsihc o}l tnal lwoar`lt nj RAJt6

Aiìuo}y R}njlttinho` ]ltn|}dlt Ihdn}rn}ouinh '\T)( Jn|hele ih ?973 my }lui}le

tlhin} aiìuo}y njjidl}t, tnal jn}al} Dgiljt nj Tl}zidl ohe DihDt, ohe diziìoh

`loel}t, ohe d`ntl`y ìhkle un ugl \T oeaihitu}ouinh( AR]I, motle ih O`lwohe}io,

Zi}cihio, got tnal 322 j|``!uial lar`nyllt, tuohe!my o}}ohclalhut siug an}l ugoh

=’222 jn}al} njjidl}t, ohe an}l gicg }ohkihc aiìuo}y njjidl}t rl} tq|o}l alul} ugoh

ugl Rlhuocnh iutl`j( Iu r}nzielt o siel }ohcl nj tl}zidlt un ugl \T cnzl}halhu ohe,|hel} ìdlhtl my ugl \T cnzl}halhu, un o h|aml} nj jn}lich dn|hu}ilt( Lhcoclalhu

}ohclt j}na ottituihc aihitu}ilt nj eljlhtl ltuomìtg rnìdilt, r}ndle|}lt, ohe

tu}oulcid ròht; endu}ihl ohe jn}dl elzl`nralhu; u}oihihc ohe lq|irrihc nj o}ale

jn}dlt; tia|òuinh dlhul}t ohe dnamou u}oihihc dlhul}t; ottituihc o}ale jn}dlt ih

eland}ody u}ohtiuinh ljjn}ut; sn}kihc siug o}ailt un ouuoih c}loul} ljjidilhdilt,

ldnhnailt, ohe ljjlduizl!hltt; sn}kihc siug `lcitòun}t un r}nziel ljjlduizl nzl}ticgu;

g|aohiuo}ioh ohe rlodl nrl}ouinht; lud( Iu uo|cgu uoduidt un ugl Kntnzn @iml}ouinh

O}ay ih ugl sllkt mljn}l ugl HOUN mnamihc doaroich( M|u iut dn`òmn}ouinh siug ugl

Dn`namioh aiìuo}y ih ugl e}|c so} mldoal o dotl tu|ey ih RAD aitaohoclalhu( Ih

=22?, ugl Rlhuocnh dgntl hnu un }lhls iut Dn`namioh dnhu}odu( O siel }ohcl nj

r}nc}oat o}l nhcnihc ih Oj}ido, hls`y ihelrlhelhu tuoult nj ugl lw!\TT], Otio, ohe

ugl Aiee`l Lotu(

EyhDn}r '\T)( Motle ih Jo``t Dg|}dg, Zi}cihio, snh o %<2 ai`ình dnhu}odu un tlhe

?’222 lw!dnrt ohe tld|}iuy c|o}et un I}oq un u}oih ugl hls rnìdl jn}dl( Iu }lrn}ule

%?(9: mi`ình ih }lzlh|l jn} =22?, %:(7 mi`ình ih dnhu}odu modk`nc, ohe o c`nmo`

hlusn}k nj an}l ugoh =4’222 lar`nyllt, r}nzieihc o m}noe }ohcl nj aiìuo}y tl}zidlt,

j}na m|ièihc doart, r}nulduihc mn}el}t, }|hhihc ugl Hozo` Oi} So}jo}l Dlhul},

r}nzieihc ltdn}u ih ugl Covo Tu}ir, un r}nulduihc Ojcgoh r}ltielhu Ko}voi( Unclugl}

siug Rodijid O*L, iu got }ld}|iule ohe aohocle ugl \T dnhu}im|uinht un anhiun}ihc

nrl}ouinht ih ugl Mo`koht ohe sot ihzn`zle ih ugl Kntnzn anhiun}ihc jn}dl(



?<

Zihhl`` '\T)( Sot |tle lwulhtizl`y ih Ziluhoa( Hns o t|mtieio}y nj Hn}ug}nr

C}|aaoh, iu got mllh gi}le jn} %57 ai`ình un u}oih ugl h|d`l|t nj o hls I}oqi o}ay( Iu

got o `nhc r}ltlhdl ih ugl jn}al} Y|cntòz }lr|mìdt sgl}l iu gl`rle D}nouio ohe

Mnthio Gl}vlcnziho m|iè |r ugli} aiìuo}y jn}dlt e|}ihc ugl tldlttinh so}t ih ugl

?992t( Hn}ug}nr C}|aaoh }ldlizle |r un %?(= mi`ình un j`y ròhlt ugou tr}oy

t|trldule dndo jilèt ohe un anhiun} ta|cc`l}t ih ugl so} ocoihtu e}|ct ih

Dn`namio(

Go`ìm|}unh '\T)( Ug}n|cg iut t|mtieio}y, Kl``ncc, M}nsh * ]nnu, iu òhele usn

dnhu}odut sn}ug an}l ugoh %?(3 mi`ình jn} t|dg tl}zidlt ot m|ièihc ohe aohocihc

aiìuo}y motlt, r}nzieihc `ncituido` t|rrn}u jn} ugl ?’=22 ihul`ìclhdl njjidl}t g|huihc

I}oqi SAEt, elìzl}ihc aoi`, enihc m|c dnhu}n` nh \T motlt, r}ne|dihc ai`ìnht nj gnu

alo`t, ohe }lroi}ihc ni` jilèt( Ih ugl Mo`koht, iu r}nzielt \T jn}dlt siug lzl}yugihc

j}na soul} r|}ijidouinh un ugl aloht nj }lrou}iouihc mneilt(

IUU '\T)( T|rrìlt o}ale c|o}et, nzl}sglàihc`y \T r}izoul diuivlht, ou \T

ihtuo`òuinht(

C`nmo` ]itk Tu}oulcilt Ihul}houinho` '\K)( Motle ih Goarunh, Aiee`ltlw, iu it

r}nzieihc tld|}iuy jn} ugl dnoìuinh r}nzitinho` o|ugn}iuy, \T EnE, \TOIE, ohe ugl \H

ih I}oq( \tlt an}l ugoh ?’?22 C|}kgot, lw!TOT ohe lw!Trldio` Mnou Tl}zidl

rl}tnhhl`, jn}al} Jifioh ro}oaiìuo}ilt, lud(

Hn}ugm}iecl Tl}zidlt C}n|r @ue( '\K)( Got tuojjihc j}na n}cohivouinht t|dg ot ugl

DIO, \T ohe M}iuitg trldio` jn}dlt( Iu njjl}t o siel }ohcl nj tl}zidlt eltichle un

allu ugl hllet nj antu n}cohivouinht6 sglugl} iu it tu}oulcid oezidl, ihul`ìclhdl

t|rrn}u, g|aohiuo}ioh eitotul} }lìlj, dn|hul}ul}}n}ita, t|rrn}u jn} òs ohe n}el}, n}

d`ntl r}nulduinh uloat(

L}ihyt Ihul}houinho` '\K)( Got mllh oso}ele %52 ai`ình dnhu}odu un c|o}e ni` tiult

ohe rirlìhlt ih I}oq( It dgndkle siug jn}al} Tn|ug Oj}idoh trldio` jn}dlt ugou u}oih

:’<22 I}oqit un c|o}e ni` ihj}otu}|du|}l(

]|midnh Ihul}houinho` '\K)( It ro}uhl} siug L}ihyt ih aohy r}nfldut, ihd`|eihc ih

I}oq(

Nìzl Tld|}iuy '\K)( R}nziele tld|}iuy jn} UZ d}lst e|}ihc ugl so}( Sot oso}ele

ihiuio` tld|}iuy dnhu}odu my \T dnhu}odun} Mldgul`(



?:

Dnhu}n` ]itkt C}n|r '\K)( Gi}lt o}ale c|o}et un r}nuldu njjidio`t j}na Sgiulgo``,

oie sn}kl}t ohe m|tihlttlt(

Foh|tioh Tld|}iuy ]itk Aohoclalhu '\K)( It t|mtieio}y nj ]itk Oezitn}y C}n|r(

Sot }|hhihc sltul}h u}oel el`lcouinht ihun Mocgeoe(

Ihul}houinho` Rlodl Nrl}ouinht Ottndiouinh 'IRNO)( It oh ottndiouinh nj aiìuo}y

tl}zidl r}nziel} dnarohilt sgn sn}k n} o}l ihul}ltule ih ihul}houinho` rlodl

nrl}ouinht o}n|he ugl sn}è( Ugit ihd`|elt dnarohilt ugou en lzl}yugihc j}na aihl

d`lo}ohdl, o}ale `ncituidt, lal}clhdy g|aohiuo}ioh tl}zidlt, un o}ale

rlodlkllrihc(

Itld Dn}rn}oul Tld|}iuy @ue( '\K) It o RAD trldioìvihc ih o`` jn}at nj aiìuo}y

dnamou ohe u}oihihc( Dòiat un gozl tnal ?’=22 gohe ridkle lw!M}iuitg trldio`

jn}dlt, }ld}|iule tn`l`y j}na ugl Trldio` Oi} Tl}zidl 'TOT), Trldio` Mnou Tq|oe}nh

'TMT), Oi}mn}hl ohe Ao}ihl Dnaaohent( O tl`j!dnhuoihle jn}dl ozoiòm`l jn}

aittinht ih ohy ugloul} nj nrl}ouinht( Got lwulhtizl lwrl}ilhdl ih Oj}ido(

Clh}id @ue( '\K)( Got tlu |r |hiu n|utiel Mot}o r}nzieihc o}ale tiul tld|}iuy ohe

o}an}le zlgid`l gi}l(

Toheìhl Ihul}houinho`( Nshle my o gnèihc dnarohy, Oetnh Gnèihct, ohe d`ntl`y

ìhkle un Gl}iuocl Ni` * Cot ohe Eioanhesn}kt, it ei}ldule my o c}n|r nj jn}al} \K

ohe \T aiìuo}y njjidl}t( Lzlh ugn|cg ugl dnarohy nrl}oult n|u nj njjidlt ih @nhenh

ohe Sotgihcunh E(D( iu it }lcitul}le ih ugl Mogoaot( Toheìhl ròdlt c}lou

largotit nh gozihc al}l`y `lciuiaoul cnzl}halhut ohe ihul}houinho` n}cohivouinht

oanhc iut d|tunal}t( Iut aoih oduiziuilt gozl mllh ih Ror|o Hls C|ihlo ohe Til}}o

@lnhl(

Tldnrlw it ugl ji}tu J}lhdg RAD( D}loule ih Or}i` =224 my jn}al} alaml}t nj lìul

jn}dlt nj ugl J}lhdg o}ay, iu }ltrnhet un ugl ihd}lotihc elaohe nj tld|}iuy aouul}t

sgidg }lq|i}l trldijid khns`lecl ohe lwrl}ilhdl ih aiìuo}y aouul}t( Dnarntle nj

tnal 4:< lwrl}ut dnaihc j}na lìul |hiut nj EnE, Ihul}in}, ohe nugl} cnzl}halhu

tld|}iuy oclhdilt, iu doh r}nziel o dnar`lul tl`lduinh nj ottituohdl oduiziuilt ìhkle

un tojluy, tld|}iuy, u}oihihc, `ncituidt, n}cohivouinh, ohe nrl}ouinht( Dn`òmn}ouihc siug

oh ihul}houinho` hlusn}k nj trldioìtut, iu got }ldlhu`y nrlhle oh njjidl jn} Hn}ug

Oj}ido ih O`cil}t(



?3

R}nt ohe dnht

R}nt6

• Dnhu}oduihc n|u un r}izoul dnarohilt, oclhdilt, n} nugl} ihul}aleioul uyrlt nj

oeaihitu}ouinh got o ròdl ih ljjidilhu cnzl}halhu( Ohe ugl}l o}l j|hduinht ugou

RAJt rl}jn}a mluul} ugoh cnzl}halhut( Oddn}eihc un \T TldElj Enhoè

]|atjlè, |tihc dnhu}odun}t tozlt anhly ohe j}llt |r ugl aiìuo}y un

dnhdlhu}oul nh iut dn}l aittinh(

• Ih tnal di}d|atuohdlt, RAJt o}l mluul} ròdle jn} }orie elr`nyalhu ohe aoy ml

om`l un r}nziel u}oihihc, }ltn|}dlt ohe tld|}iuy tl}zidlt an}l ljjidilhu`y ohe

ljjlduizl`y ugoh tuoult o}l om`l un( T|dg RAJt gozl ugl rnulhuio` un aokl o

`lciuiaoul ohe zo`|om`l dnhu}im|uinh un ihul}houinho` tld|}iuy(

• RAJt doh m}ihc tuomiìuy un dnhjìdut ih ugl elzl`nrihc sn}è( Tuomiìvihc ‐joi`le

tuoult‑ it iarn}uohu jn} }le|dihc ugl ug}lou nj ihul}houinho` ul}}n}ita ohe

n}cohivle d}ial, ohe ugl r}nzitinh nj tld|}iuy it o r}l}lq|itiul jn} t|dg

tuomiìvouinh( Eltriul ugl r}lzoiìhc eituotul jn} al}dlho}ilt, ugl }ldn}e nj tnal

aiìuo}y r}nziel} ji}at trlokt un ugli} rnulhuio` jn} }ltn`zihc dnhjìdut ohe

ltuomìtgihc rlodl ohe n}el} ih dn|hu}ilt ugou sn|è nugl}sitl ml ichn}le my ugl

sn}è’t ̀ loeihc rnsl}t(

• Uneoy’t sn}è it o jo} d}y j}na ugl ?9:2t ohe ?932t sglh RAJ oduiziuy |t|o``y

alohu al}dlho}ilt nj ugl }ougl} |htozn}y kihe ihzn`zle ih rntu!dn`nhio` ohe hln!

dn`nhio` dnhjìdut( Uneoy’t aiìuo}y r}nziel} ji}at o}l j|heoalhuo``y eijjl}lhu j}na

al}dlho}ilt, ugl d}iuido` jodun} mlihc ugli} anel}h dn}rn}oul m|tihltt jn}a( Ugly

o}l gil}o}dgido``y n}cohivle ihun ihdn}rn}oule ohe }lcitul}le m|tihlttlt ugou

u}oel ohe dnarlul nrlh`y nh ugl ihul}houinho` ao}klu, ìhk un n|utiel jihohdio`

gnèihct, }ld}|iu an}l r}njidilhu`y ugoh ugli} r}leldlttn}t, ohe r}nziel o siel}

}ohcl nj aiìuo}y tl}zidlt un o c}loul} zo}iluy ohe h|aml} nj dìlhut( Aohy nj

ugntl d|}}lhu`y r}nzieihc aiìuo}y ohe tld|}iuy tl}zidlt un ihul}houinho` ihtuiu|uinht,

a|ùihouinho` dn}rn}ouinht, ohe houinho` cnzl}halhut en tn dnarlulhu`y, a|dgan}l ljjlduizl`y ohe ljjidilhu`y, ohe `lciuiaoul`y(

• RAJt o`}loey r}nziel lwulhtizl t|rrn}u un ihul}cnzl}halhuo` n}cohivouinht t|dg

ot ugl \H, HOUN, ohe ugl L\, ot sl`` ot HCNt, ihul}houinho` g|aohiuo}ioh



?7

n}cohivouinht ohe a|ùihouinho` dnarohilt( Ugl tl}zidlt ugly r}nziel ihd`|el

tld|}iuy c|o}eihc; uldghido`, aoihulhohdl, ohe ̀ ncituid t|rrn}u; ohe elaihihc(

• ]lc|òuinh nj RAJt aoy gl`r un eituihc|itg mlusllh ugl }lr|uom`l ohe

eit}lr|uom`l r}izoul tldun} nrl}oun}t, un lhdn|}ocl ohe t|rrn}u ugl jn}al} sgi`l

lìaihouihc ugl òuul}( Ugl rlhoùilt orrìdom`l un RAJt ugou m}lodg }lc|òuinhta|tu ml t|jjidilhu un elul} dnarohilt j}na lamo}kihc |rnh nrl}ouinht sgidg

aicgu `loe un g|aoh }icgut zinòuinh(

• Antu nj ugl rlnr`l ihzn`zle ih RAJ oduiziuilt o}l jn}al} gicg`y u}oihle

r}njlttinho` ohe zluule tnèil}t sgn khns ugou ugli} dgohdlt nj dnhuih|ihc ih

sn}k o}l r}luuy tìa ij ugly mlgozl ih oh |hoddlruom`l soy(

• Dnhu}oduihc n|u lht|}lt ugou ugl cnzl}halhu enlt hnu gozl un |hel}cn ugl

rnìuido` }itk ottndioule siug tlheihc tnèil}t ihun tiu|ouinht ugou o}l ìuu`l

|hel}tunne n} t|rrn}ule enaltuido``y( An}lnzl}, dot|oùilt nj RAJ lar`nyllt

sn|è hnu do|tl ugl toal rnìuido` r}nm`lat ugou ugl elougt nj o dn|hu}y’t

houinho`t en(

Dnht6

• Ij o houinho` cnzl}halhu got ohy }n`l ou o`` ih c|o}ohullihc ugl dn|hu}y’t tld|}iuy,

iu a|tu }ld}|iu ohe aoihuoih ugl dn|hu}y’t o}ale jn}dlt( Un el`lcoul ugit j|hduinh

it un omeidoul oh lttlhuio` }ltrnhtimiìuy nj cnzl}halhu ugou }oitlt iaalhtl

q|ltuinht nj tnzl}lichuy( M|yihc ih r}izoul aiìuo}y r}nziel}t ohe al}dlho}ilt

sn|è ml uohuoan|hu un r}izouivihc houinho` tld|}iuy( En|mut sn|è lwitu omn|u ugl

`lciuiaody mnug nj ugl jn}dl ohe nj ugl cnzl}halhu ugou r|}dgotle iu(

• Ih ugl ?9:2t ohe ?932t, RAJt coihle o }lr|uouinh jn} m}|uoìuy ohe lwr`niuouinh

ug}n|cg ihzn`zlalhu ih ugl eldn`nhivouinh r}ndltt( Ugl lhe|}ihc iaocl nj ugntl

sgn sn}k jn} ugla it ugou nj ‐enct nj so}‑ ugou o}l njulh rl}dlizle un ml nrl}ouihc

n|utiel ugl òst nj so}( An}lnzl}, ugl}l o}l dnhdl}ht omn|u ugl u}ohtro}lhdy,

r}nmiuy, ohe ouuiu|el un g|aoh }icgut nj RAJt, ltrldio``y aiìuo}y r}nziel} ji}at(

Dnaal}dio` ihdlhuizl un }lj}oih j}na g|aoh }icgut om|tlt ohe un |rgnè



?9

ihul}houinho` g|aohiuo}ioh òs it |hìkl`y un orr`y sgl}l RAJt o}l dnhjielhu ugou

ugly si`` hnu ml jn|he n|u(

• O ?999 ]lrn}u nj ugl \H Dnaaittinh nh G|aoh ]icgut dnhd`|elt ugou

al}dlho}ilt motl ugli} dnaro}ouizl oezohuocl ohe c}loul} ljjidilhdy nh ugl jodu

ugou ugly en hnu }lco}e uglatl`zlt ot mlihc mn|he un }ltrldu g|aoh }icgut n} ugl}|`lt nj ihul}houinho` g|aohiuo}ioh òs( C}loul} eiteoih jn} g|aoh eichiuy ohe

c}loul} d}|lùy o}l dnhtiel}le ljjidilhu ihtu}|alhut jn} sihhihc ugl jicgu( Ugl

ro}uidirouinh nj al}dlho}ilt ih o}ale dnhjìdut ohe ih ohy nugl} tiu|ouinh ih sgidg

ugli} tl}zidlt o}l |hòsj|` aoy flnro}eivl ugl tl`j!elul}aihouinh nj rlnr`lt ohe

o`soyt goarl}t ugl lhfnyalhu nj ugl g|aoh }icgut nj ugntl nh sgna ugli}

r}ltlhdl it ihjìdule(

• Al}dlho}y jn}dlt gozl `nhc mllh tuicaouivle ot r}njiull}ihc nrrn}u|hitut elznie

nj ohy o``lciohdl un ugl do|tl jn} sgidg ugly jicgu( Ugli} |tl, sglugl} jn} houinho`

n} ihul}houinho` tld|}iuy, it dnhtiel}le o tulr unn jo} tihdl ugli} aoih nmìcouinh it

un ugli} lar`nyl}, hnu un ugli} dn|hu}y( Tihdl RAJt o}l r}njiu e}izlh n}cohivouinht,

ugl}l it ugl }itk ugou ohynhl siug lhn|cg anhly dn|è m}ihc o RAJ nh git tiel(

• Ugl}l si`` o`soyt ml dnhdl}h nzl} RTDt’ ohe RADt’ }lòuinhtgir siug ni` ohe

aihihc dnarohilt nrl}ouihc ih tnal nj ugl an}l òs`ltt ro}ut nj ugl elzl`nrihc

sn}è, ohe nzl} ugli} njulh!rl}dlizle }n`l ot dnzl}u r}nwilt jn} sltul}h

cnzl}halhut( Ugl tuicao ouuodgle un RADt aloht ugou ugli} |tl it o r|mìd

}lòuinht eitotul} soiuihc un gorrlh( An}lnzl}, ugl}l o}l ugl }itkt ugou RAD

ihzn`zlalhu doh r}n`nhc ugl so} ohe nj tuoult `ntihc dnhu}n` nj aiìuo}y rnìdy un

aiìuo}ilt n|utiel ugl tuoul tytula, }ltrnhtim`l nh`y un ugli} dìlhu, aohocl}t, ohe

tundkgnèl}t(

• \tl nj RAJt ihu}ne|dlt o gntu nj r}nm`lat, tulaaihc omnzl o`` j}na ugl jodu

ugou RAJt o}l hnu ot oddn|huom`l ot aiìuo}y rl}tnhhl`( Dgldkt ohe moòhdlt

ugou orr`y un houinho` o}ale jn}dlt doh tlèna ml orrìle siug lq|izo`lhu

tu}lhcug un RAJ lar`nyllt( Nrl}ouihc n|utiel ugl mn|het nj aiìuo}y dnaaohe

ohe f|tuidl, RAJ lar`nyllt o}l |hel} hn nmìcouinh un r|u uglatl`zlt ou }itk(

Ohe RAJt aoy gozl hn dnar|hduinh omn|u t|trlheihc o dnhu}odu ij ugl tiu|ouinh

mldnalt unn }itky, ih liugl} jihohdio` n} rgytido` ul}at( Mldo|tl ugly o}l

uyrido``y motle l`tlsgl}l, ohe ih ugl omtlhdl nj orrìdom`l ihul}houinho` òst un



=2

lhjn}dl dnarìohdl, RAJt jodl hn }lo` }itk nj r|hitgalhu ij ugly n} ugli}

lar`nyllt eljldu j}na ugli} dnhu}odu|o` nmìcouinht( An}lnzl}, uldghido` itt|lt,

ìkl dnhu}odu r}nm`lat, aoy `loe un o RAJ nrl}ouinh lheihc siugn|u }lco}e un o

aiìuo}y }ouinho`l(

• Ugl |tl nj dnhu}odun}t o`tn gielt ugl u}|l dntut nj so}( Ugli} eloe o}l hnu oeeleun ugl njjidio` mney dn|hut( Ugli} e|uilt, ohe r}njiut, o}l gieelh my d`ntl!an|ugle

lwld|uizlt sgn en hnu cizl eluoi`t un ro}ìoalhu, orr`y tu}idu }|`lt nj

dnhjielhuioìuy un ugli} sn}k ohe dìlhu }lòuinhtgirt( Ohe ot ugli} dnjjl}t ohe }n`lt

tsl``, dnarohilt o}l j|hhlìhc lo}hihct ihun rnìuido` doaroicht ohe coihihc

ihj`|lhdl nzl} aiìuo}y rnìdy, lzlh cluuihc roie un }ldnaalhe uglatl`zlt jn}

`|d}ouizl dnhu}odut(

• Ihjn}aouinh omn|u RAJt’ oduiziuilt om}noe it go}e un nmuoih ohe zl}y njulh

|h}lìom`l( Ugl}l it o ro|diuy nj ihjn}aouinh omn|u ugl hou|}l nj tl}zidlt ugou

RAJt njjl}( Ugl \T cnzl}halhu dòttijilt dnhu}odu|o` eluoi`t ot r}nr}iluo}y

dnaal}dio` ihjn}aouinh, lwlaruihc }l`lotl |hel} ugl J}llena nj Ihjn}aouinh

Odu(

Sgou un aokl nj o`` ugit>

Ugl tuo}u nj ugit dlhu|}y nj c`nmoìvouinh it siuhlttihc ugl c}oe|o` l}ntinh nj ugl

Slml}ioh anhnrn`y nzl} ugl jn}at nj zin`lhdl( Siug ugl c}nsug nj RAJt, ugl tuoul’t

}n`l ih eljlhtl ohe tld|}iuy got mldnal elr}izi`lcle, f|tu ot iu got ih nugl}

ihul}houinho` o}lhot t|dg ot u}oel ohe jihohdl( Sgi`l RAJt o}l eljihiul`y gl}l un

tuoy, ugli} lwitulhdl ohe c}nsug got d}loule hls nrrn}u|hiuilt ohe dgo``lhclt(

Tuoult, ihul}houinho` ihtuiu|uinht, HCNt, dn}rn}ouinht, ohe lzlh iheizie|o`t doh hns

`lotl aiìuo}y doromiìuilt nj oàntu ohy `lzl` j}na ugl c`nmo` ao}klu( Ugit dgohcl si``

ojjldu ihul}houinho` }lòuinht ih o h|aml} nj d}iuido` soyt, }ohcihc j}na ugl

ihu}ne|duinh nj ao}klu eyhoaidt ohe eit}|ruinht ihun tld|}iuy }lòuinht un ugl rnìdy

iarodu nj oùl}houizl aiìuo}y oclhut( Iu aoy o`tn hldlttiuoul jo}!}lodgihc}lottlttalhut ih mnug rnìdyaokihc ohe ugln}y m|ièihc(

Ih ul}at nj rnìdy, f|tu ot ugl aiìuo}ilt goe un elzl`nr o tytula jn} sn}kihc siug

HCNt e|}ihc }ldlhu rlodlkllrihc ohe g|aohiuo}ioh nrl}ouinht, tn unn ugly si``



=?

gozl un dnhtiel} gns un elo` siug RAJt ugou ugly si`` ihd}lotihc`y lhdn|hul} ih ugl

mouu`ltrodl( Ou ugl elditinhaokihc `lzl`, cnzl}halhut ohe ihul}houinho`

n}cohivouinht a|tu elzl`nr tuoheo}e dnhu}oduihc rnìdilt, ltuomìtg zluuihc ohe

anhiun}ihc tytulat ouu|hle un RAJt, ohe ott|}l oddn|huomiìuy ohe `lcitòuizl

nzl}ticgu( O rnìdy ugou eljl}t un ugl ao}klu si`` hnu d|}m ugl ug}lout un rlodl(

N|ueoule ott|aruinht omn|u ugl lwd`|tizl }n`l nj ugl tuoul ih ugl enaoih nj eljlhtl

ohe tld|}iuy si`` gozl un ml }llwoaihle( O m}noelhihc nj dizi`!aiìuo}y ugln}y un o``ns

jn} ugl ihj`|lhdl nj ugi}e ro}uilt it oh lwoar`l nj gns ugit doh ml enhl siugn|u

ug}loulhihc ugl dn}l nj ugl ugln}y( Ohe dnhtiel}ouinh nj ugl iarodu nj o m}noelhihc

aiìuo}y n|utn|}dihc ao}klu dn|è aokl ugln}ilt nj elul}}lhdl, r}l!laruinh ohe

r}lzlhuinh, o}at }odlt, ohe dnhjìdu jn}aouinh an}l }lj`lduizl nj ugl }lo` sn}è(

Tiaiò}`y, dn}rn}oul m}oheihc ohe ao}kluihc aicgu sl`` mldnal an}l }l`lzohu ih

j|u|}l dnhjìdut, glhdl al}iuihc }ltlo}dg j}na tld|}iuy ohe eljlhtl rl}trlduizlt(

Ug|t, tihdl ugl }itl nj RAJt }oitlt rnttimiìuilt ohe ei`laaot hnu nh`y dnarl`ìhc ih

oh odoelaid tlhtl m|u sgidg o}l e}izlh my }lo`!sn}è }l`lzohdl, iu tllat

ro}oan|hu ugou n|} |hel}tuoheihc nj RAJt, al}dlho}ilt, RADt, ohe RTDt ot hls

ròyl}t ih ihul}houinho` tld|}iuy it j|}ugl} lhò}cle ohe elzl`nrle(

Ihjn}aouinh tn|}dlt6

Ugl Jn}lich ohe Dnaanhsloùg Njjidl( ‐C}llh Rorl}‑( R}izoul Aiìuo}y Dnarohilt6 Nruinht jn} ]lc|òuinh =22?!=22= ( N}el}le my ugl Gn|tl nj Dnaanht un ml r}ihule?=ug Jlm}|o}y =22=( GD <33( @nhenh( Ugl Tuouinho}y Njjidl @iaiule, =22=(

Tihcl}, Rlul}, S( Dn}rn}oul So}}in}t6 Ugl ]itl ohe ]oaijidouinht nj ugl R}izouivleAiìuo}y Ihe|tu}y( Ihul}houinho` Tld|}iuy , Zn`( =:, Hn( 4, Sihul} =22?.=22=(

K}ogaohh, L`kl( Dnhu}n`ìhc R}izoul Aiìuo}y Dnarohilt6 Ugl \hiule Kihcena ohe Cl}aohy( Rorl} r}ltlhule ou ugl Ihul}houinho` Tu|eilt Ottndiouinh, Ohh|o`Dnhzlhuinh, Rn}uòhe, N}lcnh, Jlm}|o}y =< — Ao}dg ?, =224(

C}|ml}, Nìzl}( R}izoul Aiìuo}y Dnarohilt ( ]ljl}ou zna =<( Hnzlaml} =224;Tlaiho}6 ‐Tuooutvl}jo``, Ro}otuoouìdgkliu |he Mohelhk}ilcl‑(

Joiul, O`lwohel}( Ihzn`zlalhu nj r}izoul dn}rn}ouinht ih o}ale dnhjìdut6 tuou|t nj rl}tnhhl` nj r}izoul aiìuo}y ohe tld|}iuy dnarohilt |hel} ihul}houinho` g|aohiuo}ioh òs(

\uu`ly, Aouugls, ](G( R}izoul Dnhu}odun}t nh \hiule Kihcena Elr`nyle Aiìuo}y Nrl}ouinht6 Itt|lt ohe R}ntrldut ( E}oju rorl}, Eljlhtl Tu|eilt Elro}ualhu, Kihc’tDn``lcl @nhenh(



==

@lohel}, Ohho( Ugl Dnaaneijidouinh nj Zin`lhdl, R}izoul Aiìuo}y Dnarohilt, ohe Oj}idoh Tuoult(

An``l}, Mfn}h( R}izoul Aiìuo}y Dnarohilt ohe Rlodl Nrl}ouinht ih Oj}ido ( Tlaiho} rorl}( Elro}ualhu nj Rnìuido` Tdilhdlt, \hizl}tiuy nj R}lun}io, 7 Jlm}|o}y =22=(

Tl`ml}, Flttl * Fnmo}ulg, Klmmo( J}na Lhlay un Rlodlaokl}6 Ugl ]n`l nj R}izoulAiìuo}y Dnarohilt ih T|m!Togo}oh Oj}ido( Aleidihl * C`nmo` T|}zizo` , Zn`( 3, Hn( =,

Jlm}|o}y =22=(

Lwrl}ut

Tihcl}, Rlul}, S( Dn}rn}oul So}}in}t6 Ugl ]itl nj ugl R}izouivle Aiìuo}y Ihe|tu}y(

Hls Yn}k, Dn}hl`` \hizl}tiuy R}ltt, =224

Rnihu nj Dnhuodu

Ao}iho Doro}ihi, Tlhin} Jl``ns, EDOJ, Clhlzo, Tsiuvl}òhe



2

Ltuomìtgle ih =222 nh ugl ihiuiouizl nj ugl Tsitt cnzl}halhu, ugl ClhlzoDlhu}l jn} ugl Eland}ouid Dnhu}n` nj O}ale Jn}dlt 'EDOJ), lhdn|}oclt ohet|rrn}ut Tuoult ohe hnh!Tuoul cnzl}hle ihtuiu|uinht ih ugli} ljjn}ut un tu}lhcuglheland}ouid ohe diziìoh dnhu}n` nj o}ale ohe tld|}iuy jn}dlt, ohe r}nanultihul}houinho` dnnrl}ouinh siugih ugit jilè, ihiuio``y uo}cluihc ugl L|}n!Ouòhuid}lcinht(

Ugl Dlhu}l dn``ldut ihjn}aouinh, |hel}uoklt }ltlo}dg ohe lhcoclt ihhlusn}kihc oduiziuilt ih n}el} un ielhuijy r}nm`lat, un ltuomìtg `lttnht `lo}hleohe un r}nrntl ugl mltu r}oduidlt ih ugl jilè nj eland}ouid dnhu}n` nj o}alejn}dlt ohe dizi`!aiìuo}y }lòuinht( Ugl Dlhu}l r}nzielt iut lwrl}uitl ohe t|rrn}uun o`` ihul}ltule ro}uilt, ih ro}uid|ò} cnzl}halhut, ro}ìoalhut, aiìuo}yo|ugn}iuilt, ihul}houinho` n}cohitouinht, hnh!cnzl}halhuo` n}cohitouinht,odoelaid di}d`lt(

Clhlzo Dlhu}l jn} ugl Eland}ouid Dnhu}n` nj O}ale Jn}dlt 'EDOJ)6}|l el Dgohulrn|`lu ??, R(N(Mnw ?4:2, DG!?=?? Clhlzo ?, Tsiuvl}òheUl`6 ++5? == 35? 33 22; Jow6 ++5? == 35? 33 2<L!aoi`6 ihjnBedoj(dgSlmtiul6 guur6..sss(edoj(dg

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