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Grupa asocijacija SRPSKI PLODOVI AD11070 Novi Beograd, Pariske komune 23
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Mail: [email protected]
Izrada ove publikacije omoguena je uz podrku Misije Amerike agencije za meunarodnirazvoj (USAID) u Srbiji, prema ugovoru br. EDH-I-00-05-00004-00, Task Order 09.
Stavovi izneseni u ovoj publikaciji su lini stavovi autora I ne odraavaju nuno stavoveAmerike agencije za meunarodni razvoj
PRIRUNIK O NAVODNJAVANJU I PRIHRANI JABUKE
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oZastupnik i distributer multinacionalnih kompanija( ),
i .
davanje .
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Takoe, nudimo frigo ivie renomiranih italijanskih kuakao i rasad povra firme
Direktni kontakti i obilasci farmera, praktine obuke i prezentacija.Kao posebnu uslugu nudimo korienjem GPS
navigacije i
Yara
Klasmann-Deilmann Memon
Rijk Zwaan
New Fruits Raggi-Vivai, Grow Rasad
uzorkovanje zemljita
(mineralna, vodotopiva,
dopunska i folijarna ubriva)
(organska peletirana i granulisana ubriva) ( emenska kua)
supstrati i treseti
s
preporuka za ubrenje
PRIRUNIK O NAVODNJAVANJU I PRIHRANI JABUKE
SISTEMI ZA NAVODNJAVANJE I PRIHRANU:PROJEKTOVANJE, IZGRADNJA SISTEMA, OBUKA KORISNIKA I EKSPLOATACIJA SISTEMA
IZVOD IZ LISTE PROJEKATA:NI BANAT 200 ha;
GRADIELAREVO - DELTA 100ha; BANJA LUKA - AGROIMPEX 350ha; JU
....KA - FRUITECO 78 ha; ZADAR - FRUTAS 300ha
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SADRAJ
Predgovor...................................................................................................................................................................
N ....................................................................................................................................................
SPISAK PRAVA ...............................................................................................
Zemljite.........................................................................................................................................................
Voda u zemljitu ...........................................................................................................................1Dozvoljeno troenje vode u zemljitu ..................................................................................1
Vodni stres...................................................................................................................................................12Evapotranspiracija (ET) ...........................................................................................................................13Koeficijent kulture ....................................................................................................................................14
Dostupna voda u zoni korena koja se navodnjava.......................................................................16Interval navodnjavanja (turnus navodnjavanja) ...........................................................................18Trajanje zalivanja ......................................................................................................................................1
asnosti navodnjavanja...................................................................................................Ispiranje sistema za navodnjavanje ...................................................................................................2
Postupci ispiranja sistema.........................................................................................................2Unoenje kiseline u sistem....................................................................................................................2
''ok tretman'' ................................................................................................................................2
................................................................................................................................................................2
Osnovni hranljivi elementi ....................................................................................................................2Azot ...................................................................................................................................................2Fosfor ................................................................................................................................................2Kalijum .............................................................................................................................................2Kalcijum i magnezijum...............................................................................................................2Sumpor ............................................................................................................................................2
Cink....................................................................................................................................................2Bakar .................................................................................................................................................Mangan............................................................................................................................................Bor......................................................................................................................................................Molibden.........................................................................................................................................Aluminijum.....................................................................................................................................
Sadraj azota u stablu .............................................................................................................................
Vreme primene azota .................................................................................................................
6
AVODNJAVANJE 7
KORISNIKA NAVODNJAVANJA 7
9pH vrednost zemljita i unoenje krea..................................................................................9
01
9Praenje efik 20
1234
UBRENJE 5
557778
Bakar, gvoe, mangan i cink ..................................................................................................28Gvoe .............................................................................................................................................28
8292930303131
Koliina azotnog ubriva ..........................................................................................................3233
Koli ine vode za primenu ......................................................................................................................1
....................................................................................
4
35Procena potreba za hranljivim elementima......................................................................................................................
KojeIshrana i ubrenje jabuke 36
ubrivo i kada upotrebiti?...............................................................................................37
PRIRUNIK O NAVODNJAVANJU I PRIHRANI JABUKE
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ANALIZA ZEMLJI .............................................................................................................................................4
Uzorkovanje zemljita.............................................................................................................................4Agrohemijska analiza zemljita ...........................................................................................................
Reakcija zemljita (pH)................................................................................................................Kalcijum karbonat (CaCO3) ......................................................................................................Humus i ukupan azot..................................................................................................................
.............................................................
PRIHRANA NAVODNJAVANJEM........................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Centrifugalne pumpe .................................................................................................................
Metodi koji koriste razlike u pritisku..................................................................................................Ubrizgavanje u ispusni vod ......................................................................................................Tankovi za meanje pod pritiskom ........................................................................................
................................................................
Pritisak vode...................................................................................................................................
Vreme prolas .............................................................................................................................................................................
Sigurnosna oprema ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Test sa teglom................................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................Potencijalni problemi kod primene ...................................................................................................Strategije primene....................................................................................................................................Koja pitanja treba razmotriti u okviru prihrane .............................................................................
TA 8
850515152
Lakopristupani fosfor i kalijum..............................................................................................52Lakopristupani magnezijum i mikroelementi ................................................................53
Odreivanje mehanikog sastava (mehanika analiza) 54
56
Ujednaenost primene 56Vrste ubrizgivaa ubriva 59
59Pumpe sa pozitivnim istisnuem............................................................................................59
606060
Venturi ubrizgiva........................................................................................................................61Faktori koji utiu na efikasan rad ubrizgivaa ubriva 62
Protok ubrizgivaa .......................................................................................................................6263
Materijali koji se koriste za ubrizgivae za ubrivo..........................................................63Kalibracija ubrizgivaa................................................................................................................63Elektrini ubrizgivai ...................................................................................................................64
ka ubriva kroz sistem za navodnjavanje 65Spreavanje povratnog toka 66
67Rastvorljivost ubriva 67
Rastvaranje ubriva.....................................................................................................................6868
Odreivanje najisplativijeg ubriva ......................................................................................71Kristalizacija rastvora ubriva 72
727373
ANALIZA LIA.................................................................................................................................................39
Procedura uzorkovanja lia ................................................................................................................40404041
Tumaenje analize lia..............................................................................................................4146
Vreme uzimanja uzoraka ...........................................................................................................Metod prikupljanja uzoraka .....................................................................................................Priprema uzoraka. ........................................................................................................................
Vizuelna procena sadraja azota u stablima...................................................................................
PRIRUNIK O NAVODNJAVANJU I PRIHRANI JABUKE
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O .....................................................................................
Simptomi nedostatka i vika hranljivih elemenata ......................................................................Azot ...................................................................................................................................................Fosfor ................................................................................................................................................Kalijum .............................................................................................................................................Kalcijum ...........................................................................................................................................Magnezijum ...................................................................................................................................Bakar .................................................................................................................................................Mangan............................................................................................................................................Cink....................................................................................................................................................Bor......................................................................................................................................................
Molibden.........................................................................................................................................
BJANJENJA SIMTOMA NEDOSTATKA HRANIVA 74
75757676777778787979
Gvoe .............................................................................................................................................8080
Toksinost uree i biureta............................................................................................................80
PRIRUNIK O NAVODNJAVANJU I PRIHRANI JABUKE