print to electronic: what happens in libraries now?

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PRINT TO ELECTRONIC: WHAT HAPPENS IN LIBRARIES NOW? Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK

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Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?. Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK. Themes. Overall theme: The digital world How users (faculty and students) use libraries The library as a place Use of resources Finding of resources Way work is done Access - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

PRINT TO ELECTRONIC:WHAT HAPPENS IN LIBRARIES

NOW?Alma Swan

Key Perspectives LtdTruro, UK

Page 2: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Themes

Key Perspectives Ltd

Overall theme: The digital world How users (faculty and students) use libraries

The library as a place Use of resources Finding of resources Way work is done Access

The evolution of reference services A time of change for the library profession

Page 3: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

RESEARCHERS (FACULTY)

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 4: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Weekly visits to the library (researchers)

2001 2006 20110

10

20

30

40

50

60

Overall

Arts & Humanities

Social Sciences

Physical Sciences

Life Sciences

% re

spon

dent

s

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 5: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Why go at all?

Key Perspectives Ltd

To access print resources To order inter-library loan material To talk to a subject librarian To use the library as a laboratory

Page 6: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Key issues relating to the library space

Opening hours Browsing Quiet study The library is now ‘an

undergraduate space’

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 7: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Roaming Reading rights: 47% Exercise borrowing rights: 30% SCONUL Research Extra: 11%

Considered a major advance in providing access

Those as yet unaware are very interested

N.B. Those working away from their home institution are increasing

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 8: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Usefulness of print resources

Current issues of journals

Back issues of journals

Books

Reference-only items

Archives

Short loan

Special collections

Non peer reviewed items

0

50

100

Arts & Humanities

Social Sciences

Physical Sciences

Life Sciences

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 9: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Digital information Information wants to be digital e-journals e-books e-datasets Digital archival collections Digital finding aids

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 10: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Digital finding aidsLibrary catalogues

Cross-institutional catalogues

General A&I databases

Library web site/general portalSubject-specific portals

Subject-specific A&I d/b

Citation databases

0

20

40

60

80

Arts & Humani-tiesSocial Science

Physical Science

Life Science

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 11: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Do they find what they want? Not at all expert:

Use what they’ve always used Use Google – a lot ‘Good enough’ tendency

Contrary: ask for full-text databases and then say Web of Science is enough

Easily deterred: Remote holdings Locally held microform, microfilm Locally-held print

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 12: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Seeking an article Electronic full-text locally Google for an easily located version e-mail a friend in another institution e-mail author Inter-Library Loan Subject librarian Level of need versus effort

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 13: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Accessing digital information

Most common route Second most common route

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

From my office/laboratory

From home

On the move

From the library building

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 14: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Inter-library lending Static or declining Decline particularly marked for journal

articles Decline gradual for conference papers More or less static for books, theses, audio-

visual materials Becoming more challenging to fulfil Increasingly associated with rise of

interdisciplinary research?

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 15: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

STUDENTS

(OCLC study, 2005JISC study, 2007)

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 16: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Students’ use of electronic resources

e-mail

Search engine

Instant messaging

Online news

Library website

e-journals/magazines

Online databases

e-books

Digital audiobooks

Online librarian query service

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 17: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Students’ choice of information source

Search engines

Library (physical)

Library (online)

Bookstore (physical)

Bookstore (online)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

First choice as source

Considered as source

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 18: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Which to use then?

Trustworthy / credible

Accurate

Reliable

Cost-effective

Easy to use

Convenient

Fast

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Search engine

Library (online or physical)

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 19: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Comparative trustworthiness

Search engines in general

Ask.com

Google

Yahoo!

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Library sources less trustworthy

About the same

Library sources more trustworthy

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 20: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Students’ sources of e-resources

Friend

Links from other e-resources

Teacher

News media

Library website

Librarian

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 21: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Student visits to college libraries

Daily

Weekly

Monthly

Several times a year

At least once a year

Not even once a year

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 22: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

What students are doing in the library

Homework/study

Online databases

Borrowing print books

Get journal articles

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Monthly activities

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 23: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Awareness of library resources

Library website

Online catalogue

Online reference materials

e-journals/magazines

Online databases

e-books

Online librarian query service

Digital audiobooks

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 24: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Students’ use of library online resources

Library website

Online catalogue

Online reference materials

e-journals

Online databases

e-booksOnline librarian query

serviceDigital audiobooks

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Monthly use

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 25: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Why students have not used the library website

Did not know web-site existed

24%

Other websites have bet-ter information

56%

Cannot find website

19%

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 26: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Accessing the library from the Web: I

Yes48%

No52%

Have you ever started a search us-ing a search engine and ended up

at a library website?

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 27: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Accessing the library from the Web: II

Yes41%

No7%

Not an-

swered52%

If yes, did you use that library website?

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 28: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Accessing the library from the Web: III

Yes, the only resource I needed to use

10%Yes, but I had to use other resources too

27%

No, not enough in-formation

4%

Not an-

swered59%

If yes, did the library website fulfil your information needs?

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 29: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Sources of help used

Librarian

Computer in library

Library's collection

Another person in library

Online librarian query service

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 30: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Librarians add value to the search process?

Completely agree35%

Agree40%

Neither agree nor disagree

21%

Disagree4%

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 31: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Positive and negative library associations

Products and offerings

Facility / environment

Staff

Customer / user service

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Negative associations

Positive associations

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 32: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Positive associations in detail Products/offerings: books, information (free,

reliable, accessible, trustworthy) Facility/environment: quiet, comfortable, work

space Staff: helpful, friendly, knowledgable Customer service: Open to public, online

catalogue, ILL and linking to other libraries

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 33: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Prospective students and university ICT provision

Are unsure what to expect at university with respect to ICT provision

Regard ubiquitous internet access as the norm Half look at ICT provision when applying for

university places

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 34: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Prospective students and social networking technologies

Only 5% never use social networking sites 65% use them regularly 62% use wikis, blogs and online networks 44% maintain their own website or blog Flexible and ready to accommodate new

technological solutions to their needs

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 35: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Café!

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 36: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

EVOLUTION OF REFERENCE SERVICES

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 37: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

The space Yes, the space will continue to change Beware driving away users Study space, computers Communal study space What about print? 68% of Harvard’s acquisitions goes straight to

warehouse …

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 38: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Print to Electronic The print-based library had a multitude of

delivery technologies: print microfiche microform video, audio, slides

The electronic library has only one: computers

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 39: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

New paradigms Old:

Selection and purchase of resources for research and learning

Instruction in how to use them New:

Creation of resources for research and learning Instruction on how to use them (they are delivered

through one technology) Dissemination of the research and learning outputs

of the institution

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 40: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

What ‘digital’ means A much closer partnership between librarians and

faculty A vast increase in potential collection resources The collection is increasingly outside of the “library”

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 41: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

What ‘digital’ means, then Increase in the resources and services that can

be provided This includes digitisation of the institution’s own

resources Focus moves from collection to service Much of the ‘collection’ is outside the institution Potential for greater and more meaningful

collaboration between librarians and faculty (e.g. the National Underground Railroad Museum and University of Cincinnati Library)

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 42: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Services for discovery and enquiry

Users (researchers and students) think they can do this themselves…

… and in most cases they can But they still turn to the library for difficult cases They perceive the library as the producer of

authoritative, reliable, trustworthy information And many are turning back to the library

(information overload?) Evidence that users are returning to library

technologyKey Perspectives Ltd

Page 43: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Use of library technology to navigate to e-journal content

Don't know

<10% of the time

10-50% of the time

50-95% of the time

>95% of the time

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 44: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

The library website Interface increasingly important Ensure OA journals are catalogued Provide tools for self-training (give them the

tools and they will come) Engage students early One bad experience tends to convince them

that the Web is a better, easier, more fun route to what they seek

Brand the library!

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 45: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

A TIME OF CHANGE FOR THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY PROFESSION

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 46: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

For example, instead of… Sitting at a reference desk…

Teaching library instruction Providing distance learning Staffing chat reference

Cataloging books and journals Integrating library automation with university automation, e.g.

Blackboard/WebCT Providing metadata for library holdings (to make them web

searchable) Placing orders for books and journals

Negotiating contracts for bundled digital journals and ebooks Creating information resources

Circulating the local collection Arranging storage/retrieval in high density repositories Setting up massive consortial circulation systems

Courtesy: David Kohl, Cincinnati University Libraries

Page 47: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Some points Library directors will increasingly have to

provide evidence of the value the library adds to the institution

Libraries will need to think new thoughts about performance and success indicators

How will libraries measure new services offered to a wider base than just the institution?

Librarianship will include new career paths New library education programmes will be

neededKey Perspectives Ltd

Page 48: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Librarians: Roles and responsibilities

Custodian of information Manager of institutional repositories Administrator of information purchasing and

delivery services Subject information expert Teacher of information literacy skills Manager of data Technology specialist

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 49: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Future roles for librarians:researchers’ views

Cus

todi

an

Man

age

IRs

Adm

inis

trato

r

Sub

ject

exp

ert

Teac

h in

fo s

kills

Man

age

data

sets

Tech

spe

cial

ist0

102030405060708090

Arts & humanities

Social sciences

Physical sciences

Life sciences

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 50: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Future roles for librarians:all groups’ views

Teacher of information literacySubject expert (library)

Subject expert (embedded)

Administrator

IR manager

Custodian archives, spec collections

Manager of e-science/grid datasetsFacilitator for e-learning

Technology specialist (VREs)

Tech specialist

Metatdata manager

IT support expert

Copyright/IPR advisor

Library directors Library staff Researchers

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 51: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

From the library to the big outside Increasingly, to support both research and learning,

libraries will be guiding users to trusted resources outside the institution

The library will facilitate access and integration with respect to external resources

New licensing deals, many transitory Strengthen links with other institutional libraries:

ILL Consortial arrangements Look seriously at ad hoc affiliations (collaborative research)

New collaborations with other stewards of public information (museums, national libraries, data centres)

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 52: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Liaison with faculty Two views: more … or less! Collaboration in research and dissemination Research: the library has particular expertise in

technologies Dissemination: the new end-game Management of the institutional repository to

give maximal value to the institution and individual researchers

Liaison with the university press

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 53: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Does your institution have a repository?

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Yes

No

Don't know

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 54: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

The way they are working Interdisciplinary research Big science and e-research Medium-to-small e-science / research pools Virtual Research Environments Data Metrics Demands:

New and different resources New ways to assess and plan for needs Awareness that these researchers may not know

themselves what they need or should consult

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 55: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Big research, different research

Interdisciplinary research e-research Semantic technologies bringing new ways to do

research Implications for library services Not just infrastructural, but cultural too Cornell’s VIVO

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 56: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Research data What are libraries to do about this? Watch out for more funder mandates Growing importance as outputs in

themselves Big data are safe (ish) But we should be worrying about small data

(who need carers) Data are only really important if they are re-

usable

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 57: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Metrics The Research Excellence Framework is

fanning the flames now in the UK (and in Australia)

Can only produce a range of really good metrics on an open corpus

What metrics do YOU want to see? Can you help by producing the raw material?

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 58: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Channels, communications

Researchers

Research managers /

fundersLIBRARY

Institutional management

Key Perspectives Ltd

Page 59: Print to electronic: What happens in libraries now?

Merci pour votre attentionThank you for listening

[email protected]

www.keyperspectives.co.ukwww.keyperspectives.com

Key Perspectives Ltd