principles of flow measurement franklin l. scamman, md physics series november 26, 2002
TRANSCRIPT
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Principles of Flow Measurement
Franklin L. Scamman, MD
Physics Series
November 26, 2002
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Principles of Flow
• Q = Pressure/Resistance
• Laminar
• Turbulent
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Vertical Flow Tube
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How a Vertical Flow Tube Works
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Tandem Flow Tubes
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Rotameter
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Positive Displacement- Narcomed
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Rotameter- Ohmeda SE
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Pneumotach
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Flow Measurement Principle
P1
P2Counterpressure sensor
flowin
flowout
Electronic flow measurement principle- laminar flow restrictionscreate a pressure difference P1 - flow is calculated from P1
Used with Oxygen, Side gas, Bypass, and Agent flows
Laminar flow restriction
P1Ambientpressure
P2
P1 = pressure difference
P2 = correction (off-set) to ambient pressure
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Clinical Spirometry• Pitot tubes measure the
pressure difference created by the gas flow
• Knowing the amount of pressure difference allows the gas module to calculate flow
• Flow is mathematically integrated over time to calculate volume
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Pitot Tube Principles
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Agent AdjustmentBypass flow measurement
Agent flowmeasurement
AladinTM cassetteTemperature sensor
Cassette ID Magnets
Agent proportional.valve
Inflowclosevalve
Outflowclosevalve
One wayvalve
liquid flowprevention
Restrictor
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Agent Adjustment
1
2
3
3
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Cardiac Thermodilution
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Mathematics of Thermodilution
• Quantity = Volume X Concentration
• Volume = Flow X Time
• Quantity = Flow X Time X Concentration
• Flow = Quantity / (Time X Concentration)
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Plot of Washout Curve
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High and Low Cardiac Output