principles and applications - gbv.de
TRANSCRIPT
PROTOTYPING Principles and
Applications
CKCHUA KFLEONG CSUM Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
^Ц) World Scientific N E W JERSEY • L O N D O N • S I N G A P O R E • B E I J I N G • S H A N G H A I • HONG KONG • T A I P E I • C H E N N A I
CONTENTS
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Authors xxi
List of Abbreviations xxiii
1 7
10 13 17 18 21 22
Chapter 2. Rapid Prototyping Process Chain 25 2.1. Fundamental Automated Processes 25 2.2. Process Chain 26
References 33 Problems 33
Chapter 3. Liquid-Based Rapid Prototyping Systems 35
3.1. 3D Systems' Stereolithography Apparatus (SLA) 35 3.2. Objet Geometries Ltd.'s Polyjet 52 3.3. D-MEC's Solid Creation System (SCS) 63
Chapter 1.
1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6.
Introduction
Prototype Fundamentals Historical Development Fundamentals of Rapid Prototyping Advantages of Rapid Prototyping Commonly Used Terms Classification of Rapid Prototyping Systems References Problems
VII
viii Rapid Prototyping
3.4. Envisiontec's Perfactory 68 3.5. Autostrade's E-Darts 76 3.6. CMET's Solid Object Ultraviolet-Laser Printer 80 3.7. EnvisionTec's Bioplotter 84 3.8. Rapid Freeze Prototyping (RFP) 89 3.9. Microfabrication 98
3.10. Microfabrica®'s EFAB® Technology 102 3.11. D-MEC's ACCULAS 106 3.12. Other Notable Liquid-Based RP Systems 110
References 131 Problems 135
Chapter 4. Solid-Based Rapid Prototyping Systems 137
4.1. Stratasys' Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 137 4.2. Solidscape's Benchtop System 148 4.3. Cubic Technologies' Laminated Object
Manufacturing (LOM™) 153 4.4. 3D Systems' Multi-Jet Modeling System (MJM) 165 4.5. Solidimension's Plastic Sheet Lamination (PSL)/
3D System's Invision LD Sheet Lamination 171 4.6. Kira's Paper Lamination Technology (PLT) 176 4.7. CAM-LEM'sCL 100 182 4.8. Other Notable Solid-Based RP Systems 186
References 194 Problems 196
Chapter 5. Powder-Based Rapid Prototyping Systems 199
5.1. 3D System's Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 199 5.2. Z Corporation's Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) 213 5.3. EOS'sEOSINT Systems 222 5.4. Optomec's Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) 236 5.5. Arcam's Electron Beam Melting (EBM) 243 5.6. Concept Laser GmbH's LaserCUSING 248 5.7. MCP-HEK Tooling GmbH's Realizer II
(Selective Laser Melting) 257
Contents ix
5.8. Phenix Systems's PM Series (LS) 262 5.9. Sintermask Technologies AB's Selective Mask
5.10. 5.11. 5.12. 5.13. 5.14.
Chapter 6.
6.1. 6.2. 6.3.
6.4. 6.5. 6.6. 6.7.
Chapter 7.
7.1. 7.2. 7.3. 7.4.
7.5. 7.6. 7.7. 7.8. 7.9.
Sintering (SMS) 3D-Micromac AG's MicroSINTERING Therics Inc's Theriform Technology The Ex One Company's ProMetal Voxeljet Technology GmbH'S VX System Other Notable Powdered-Based RP Systems References Problems
Rapid Prototyping Data Formats
STL Format STL File Problems Consequences of Building Valid and Invalid Tessellated Models STL File Repair Other Translators Newly Proposed Formats Standard for Representing Layered Manufacturing Objects References Problems
Applications and Examples
Application-Material Relationship Finishing Processes Applications in Design Applications in Engineering, Analysis and Planning Applications in Manufacturing and Tooling Aerospace Industry Automotive Industry Jewelry Industry Coin Industry
267 273 276 278 283 286 293 298
301
301 302
306 308 336 338
350 352 354
357
357 359 360
361 365 379 383 387 388
x Rapid Prototyping
7.10. 7.11. 7.12.
Chapter 8.
8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4. 8.5.
Chapter 9.
9.1. 9.2. 9.3. 9.4. 9.5.
Appendix
Tableware Industry Geographic Information System Applications Arts and Architecture References Problems
Medical and Bioengineering Applications
Planning and Simulation of Complex Surgery Customized Implants and Prosthesis Design and Production of Medical Devices Forensic Science and Anthropology Visualization of Biomolecules References Problems
Evaluation and Benchmarking
Using Bureau Services Setting Up a Service Bureau Technical Evaluation Through Benchmarking Industrial Growth Recent and Future Development Trends References Problems
List of RP Companies
CD-ROM Attachment
CD-ROM I Jser Guide
390 393 394 396 400
403
403 413 423 427 429 432 435
437
437 438 453 470 470 476 481
483
491
493
Index 501