principle of pre-hospital trauma patient immobilization ... · department of trauma and emergency...
TRANSCRIPT
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Phramongkutklao Hospital
Principle ofPre-Hospital Trauma Patient Immobilization,
Extrication and Packaging
Nat Krairojananan MD FRCSTWoranis Amorsongchai MD EP
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Patient Safety
• Good practice for immobilization
• Do no further harm
Objectives
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Manual in line• Cervical collar application• Log roll and spinal board • Rapid extrication• Kendrick Extrication Device (KED) • Scoop stretcher• Stair chair
Scope
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Impact to the head, neck, torso, or pelvis
• Sudden acceleration, deceleration, or lateral bending forces to neck or torso
• Falls
• Ejection or fall from vehicle
• Shallow-water diving incident
Concerning mechanism of injury
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Tenderness on palpation of the spinal column• Complaint of pain in the spine• Altered mental status• GCS < 15• Presence of neurological deficit • Evidence of distracting injury• Inability to communicate effectively
Indications for spinal immobilization
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Long-bone fracture
• Suspected visceral injury
• Large laceration, de-gloving, or crush injury
• Large burns
• Any other injury produces acute functional impairment
Distracting injuries
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Speech or hearing impaired
• Speaks a foreign language
• Small children
Inability to communicate
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Spinal Immobilization Algorithm Blunt Trauma #1
PHTLS
ed.8
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Spinal Immobilization Algorithm Blunt Trauma # 2
PHTLS
ed.8
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Spinal Immobilization AlgorithmPenetrating Trauma
Unstable spinal fractures from penetrating trauma are extremely rare
PHTLS
ed.8
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Preventing secondary cord injury
• Maintain adequate oxygenation
• Maintain adequate perfusion (BP)
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• One joint above and below = head and pelvis
• Movement of extremities cause spine move
• Supine is most stable position to carrying, handling and transporting
• Supine is ease for A-B-C access and manage
Spinal immobilization
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Patient’s position• Sitting• Semi-prone• Supine• Standing
Immobilization devices
Total spine protectedAnd ready for moving
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Move the head into proper in line without interruption• Primary assessment• Measure and apply proper fitting, effective cervical collar• Immobilize the torso with proper padding• Immobilize head• Immobilize legs• Secure arms
Principles of immobilization process for trauma patient
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Manual in Line Stabilization
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
ประคองศรษะและคอในทา neutral position
ลากเสนสมมตผานหนา tragus จะตองชไปท clavicle
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Place patient’s head and neck into neutral position
Padding, if necessary
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Manual in lineusing hands
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Manual in line from difference directions
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Resistance to movement• Neck muscle spasm• Increased pain• Increase of neurological deficit• Compromise of the airway or ventilation
Contraindication for manual in line
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Cervical Collar Application
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Difference type of cervical collar
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• คาระหวางปลายคาง กระดกสนอก และบา• จากดการเคลอนไหวในทา Flexion-extension (90%), rotation/
lateral bending (50%)• สวม collar ขนาดถกตองและกระชบ จะทาใหผปวยอาปากไดจากด
ทา airway management ไมได• หากเคลอนยาย ตองประกอบกบ spinal board, straps และ head
immobilizer เสมอ
Cervical collar principles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5gF0n0cQas
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
ประคองศรษะและคอ ในทา neutral positionลากเสนสมมตผานหนา tragus จะตองชไปท clavicle
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
ประคองศรษะและคอ ในทา neutral positionลากเสนสมมตเสนท 1 ผานปลายคางลากเสนสมมตเสนท 2 ผานบา (root of neck) ใหขนานกบเสนท 1วดระยะระหวางเสนท 1 และ 2 เปน fingerbreath
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• วดระยะระหวางเสนท 1 และ 2 เปน fingerbreadth
• ใครวดคอผบาดเจบ คนนนมาวด collar
• เลอก collar ขนาดทเหมาะสม
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Marker for measurement
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• สอด collar จากทางดานขวาเทานน
• พบลนแถบ Velcro เขาดานในเพอปองกนการเปอนฝน
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• ปาด collar ผานหนาอกเขารองรบใตปลายคาง• ตรวจสอบวา collar อยในแนวกงกลางลาตวหรอไม• ปรบ collar ใหกระชบและตดแถบ Velcro
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
ตรวจสอบวา cervical collar อยในแนวกงกลางดจากปม rivet สองปมอยในแนวเดยวกบปลายจมกปมยดโฟมใตคางตองมองไมเหน
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicineหากสวม cervical collar ไดกระชบและเหมาะสม ผบาดเจบจะอาปากไดนอย ไมสามารถจดการทางเดนหายใจได
สวม collar แลว ยงตองทา manual in line
จนกวาจะยดตรงกบ spinal board และตด head immobilizer
Cervical collar: limitation
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Increased ICP in TBI for prolonged use
• Risk of aspiration
• Pressure ulcers
Complication
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Obese• Children under 7 year-old
Unable to turn into neutral in line:• Secure with roll of towel/blanket, iv bottle• Tape to board
Neutral in line immobilization
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Log roll
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Head grip change # 1
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Log roll
คนท 1 จบไหล และ gluteal foldคนท 2 จบ ASIS และขอพบเขา
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Back inspection
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
วางปลายลางของ spinal board
ใหอยระหวางเขาและขอเทา
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Head grip change # 2
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
จบตวผปวยเพอเลอนทแยงขนบน board
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• ดานบน จบทรกแร หวแมมออยทรองไหล • ดานลาง จบทสะโพก• ออกแรงเลอนขนดานบน ไมยกลอย• ไมจบไหลหรอกาเสอผา เพราะทาใหตวหมน และกระดกสนหลงขยบได
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
เลอนผบาดเจบตามแนวทแยง จนไหลชดฐานตด head immobilizer
จดใหขาทงสองขางตรงและชดกน
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Head grip change # 3
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• คลายสายรดตวใหยาวทสดเสมอ• ไมเกยวสายรดตวไวกบ spinal board
• ใชอยางนอย 3 ชด • แยกสายรดตวแตละแบบไวดาน
เดยวกน• หญงซาย - ชายขวา
Straps / belts
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
การคาดสายรดตว 3 จด‘เหนอนม-เหนอไข-เหนอเขา’
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
การผกมอกบสายรดตวเสนกลางไมควรผกกบสายรดอก
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
ประกอบ Head immobilizer‘ชดไหล-ชดหว-ใหหอยในร’แลวคอยกดลงบนตนตกแก
ลาตวตองไดรบการรดตรงใหเรยบรอยกอนการยดหว
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Inadequate immobilization
• Improper sizing or application of cervical collar
• Immobilize with head hyperextended (no padding under head)
• Immobilize head before torso
• Inadequate padding
• Unnecessary immobilization
Common immobilization mistakes
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Phramongkutklao Hospital
Principle ofPre-Hospital Trauma Patient Extrication
Nat Krairojananan MD FRCSTWoranis Amorsongchai MD EP
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Extrication
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
As Known As: • Emergency Evacuation • Emergency Move
Indications 1. Critical patients:
unresponsive, tachypnea, dyspnea, massive bleeding2. Risk of staying on the scene
Rapid Extrication
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• No patient assessment inside the vehicle need • Immobilize by cervical collar, hands and arms
• Move first, assess and treat later
Rapid Extrication
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OfgLRabqbo
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
ตรวจสอบความปลอดภยในทเกดเหต
• กลนนามน / กาซรวไหล หยดของเหลว
• หนนลอ• ดงเบรกมอ ?
• ดบเครองยนต ?• ถอดขวแบตเตอร ?
Scene access
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• สมาชกอยางนอย 4 คน• #1 หวหนาเรยกความสนใจใหผปวยไมขยบหวและคอ• สมาชกทเหลอ คอยนอกลานสายตาผบาดเจบ (หลง B pillar)
สวสดครบ ผมประยทธ จากหนวยกชพพระมงกฎเกลาคนไขอยนงๆ นะครบ อยาขยบหวหรอคอเดดขาด กาลงมคนมาชวย มองมาทางผมตลอดเวลานะครบ
#1#4 #2 #3
![Page 58: Principle of Pre-Hospital Trauma Patient Immobilization ... · Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine • Move the head into proper in line without interruption • Primary assessment](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062604/5fbf6fb7f5d3f1479d3d94e5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
#2 เขาไปในรถดานหลงผบาดเจบถอดหมอนรองศรษะ (head rest) และประคองศรษะและคอ (manual in line) ไว
พดเรยกรองความสนใจผบาดเจบเรอยๆ จนกวา #2 ทาการประคองศรษะและคอเรยบรอยแลว
จงหยดพดได
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• หวหนาชดปลดเขมขดนรภย• ประคองลาตวผบาดเจบดวยทอนแขนทง
ดานหนาและหลง
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
เอนผบาดเจบใหพงพนกเกาอภายใตการประคองศรษะและคอ โดย #2และประคองกระดกสนหลงสวนอก-เอว โดย #1
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine#3 ประคองลาตวและหลงดวยทอนแขน
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
หวหนาชด วดและสวมเฝอกดามคอจากดานหนา
Cervical collar application
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• หวหนาชดทา chin grip/ neck grip ประคองศรษะและคอไว
• #2 ปลอยมอ ออกมาจากรถ และเขาประคองศรษะจากทางดานขางผานประตดานคนขบ (หนาตอ B pillar)
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• #3 ยกขาขามคอนโซลกลางทละขาง • พรอมๆ กบหวหนาหมนตวผบาดเจบทละ 45 องศา
![Page 65: Principle of Pre-Hospital Trauma Patient Immobilization ... · Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine • Move the head into proper in line without interruption • Primary assessment](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062604/5fbf6fb7f5d3f1479d3d94e5/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• #2 หมนตวผบาดเจบทละ 45 องศา 2 ครง• #3 ยกขาอกขางขามคอนโซลกลาง
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• #4 สอด spinal board ใตกนผบาดเจบ • ตง board ใหสงทสดเพอรองรบกระดกสนหลง
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• #1 เอนผบาดเจบลงบน spinal board• เมอผบาดเจบสมผส board ให #4 คอยๆ ลดระดบปลาย board ลง
จนตากวาขอบเบาะ
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• ให #4 คอยๆ ลดระดบปลาย board ลงจนตากวาขอบเบาะ
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
เลอนผบาดเจบออกมาจากรถ• #1 จบทรกแร• #3 จบทเอวจบทตวผปวยไมจบไหล ไมกา/ ขยาเสอผา
![Page 70: Principle of Pre-Hospital Trauma Patient Immobilization ... · Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine • Move the head into proper in line without interruption • Primary assessment](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062604/5fbf6fb7f5d3f1479d3d94e5/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• #3 ออกจากรถ ออมดานหลงมา ชวยเลอนผบาดเจบ
• ควรสลบตาแหนงกบ #1 จบตวผบาดเจบ จะสะดวกในการเลอนผบาดเจบออกมามากกวา
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
เลอนผบาดเจบมาบน spinal board
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
คลาย collar ออก และเรมประเมนผบาดเจบ
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Vest type- short device with head immobilizer • Use in stable trauma patient• 3 x torso straps• 2 x groin straps• 2 x head straps• Padding cushion• Always use with cervical collar
Kendrick Extrication Device
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=Ymc9xX2Kmv
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• สายรดตว: พบทบในลกษณะหบเพลง เพอสะดวกในการดงออก• สายรดขา: พบไวดานหลงนอก KED และตดแถบตนตกแกไว
อยาพบไวดานในเพราะถาผปวยทบจะตองพลก กระดกสนหลงขยบ
การเกบสายรดตางๆ
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• สมาชกอยางนอย 4 คน• #1 หวหนาเรยกความสนใจใหผปวยไมขยบหวและคอ• สมาชกทเหลอ คอยนอกลานสายตาผบาดเจบ (หลง B pillar)
สวสดครบ ผมประยทธ จากหนวยกชพพระมงกฎเกลาคนไขอยนงๆ นะครบ อยาขยบหวหรอคอเดดขาด กาลงมคนมาชวย มองมาทางผมตลอดเวลานะครบ
#1#4 #2 #3
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• ผบาดเจบรตวด นงพงพนกเกาอ• #2 ทาการการประคองศรษะและคอ • #3 ประคองกระดกสนหลงสวนอก-เอว• #1 หวหนาชดสวม cervical collar
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• หวหนาชด #1 สอด KED เขาไปดานหลงผบาดเจบ
• ปลดสายรดขา สงไปทางดานซาย
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• จดใหสวนรดลาตวโอบรอบลาตว• ใหขอบบนชดรกแรผบาดเจบ
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
‘My Lady LookS Hot Tonight’
• My: Middle
• Lady: Lower
• LookS: LegS
• Hot: Head (and Chin)
• Tonight: Top / Thorax
ตดสายรดลาตวตามลาดบ
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
คาดสายรดตว• กลาง• ลาง• ยงไมคาดสายบน
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• คาดสายรดขา ดวยการ ‘เลอย’ เขาไปจนชดขาหนบ
• ตดหวเขมขดและรดใหกระชบ
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
วดระยะระหวางทายทอยกบ KED เปน fingerbreadth ใชหมอนรอง (padding) ใสเขาไปชองวาง อยาสอดลกจนถงหลงคอหรอหลง
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• # 3 ทา head grip change• # 2 เอาสวนรองรบหว (head immobilizer) มารบ
และตดสายรดใหเรยบรอย
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
ในขณะนถอวา ผบาดเจบไดรบ full spine immobilization อยางสมบรณ #2 สามารถปลอยมอได
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• สอด spinal board ใตกนผบาดเจบ • สามารถวาง spinal board ราบไดเลย• จบหหวแลวหมนผบาดเจบใหมานอนราบบน spinal board
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
กอนจะเลอนผบาดเจบออกมา ใหตดสายรดตวเสนบนสดใหกระชบ
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
จบหหวและเลอนผบาดเจบออกมา
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
เมอวาง spinal board ลงบนพนแลว ใหคลายสายรดตวเสนบนสด
และสายรดขาทงสองขางใหหลวม
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
เมอวางผบาดเจบบน spinal board เพอเคลอนยาย ใหตดสายรดตว 3 ตาแหนงใหกระชบไมจาเปนตองตด head immobilizer
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• Not suitable to transport the patient for long distance• No structure to support the spine• Able to break at joints
Scoop stretcher
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Stair chair
Up stairs Down stairs
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Vacuum Mattress
![Page 93: Principle of Pre-Hospital Trauma Patient Immobilization ... · Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine • Move the head into proper in line without interruption • Primary assessment](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062604/5fbf6fb7f5d3f1479d3d94e5/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
Lifting rules
• Know the weight to lift• Know your limit • Keep back straight • Lift by using thigh muscles, not back • Stay close to the object• Share plan and give signal
before lifting
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
การพลกตวผบาดเจบจากทาควาไปหงาย
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJgFQcbAOmU
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0shQIqSuQM
การถอดหมวกนรภย
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
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Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
![Page 101: Principle of Pre-Hospital Trauma Patient Immobilization ... · Department of Trauma and Emergency Medicine • Move the head into proper in line without interruption • Primary assessment](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062604/5fbf6fb7f5d3f1479d3d94e5/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Department of Trauma and
Emergency Medicine
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