primitive elvish

7/25/2019 Primitive Elvish

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Primitive Elvish - where it all began

INTERNAL HISTORYEXTERNAL HISTORY

PRIMITIVE QUENDIAN: BASIC PHONOLOGY

The sounds

Inii!" #"use$s

S$ess

Possi%"e &hono"o'i#!" $es$!insVARIOUS PARTS O( SPEECH AND THEIR IN(LECTION

COMMON ELDARIN

THE STEM AND ITS MODI(ICATIONS

DERIVATION IN PRIMITIVE ELVISH

PRIMITIVE ELVISH )ORDLIST

INTERNAL HISTORY

Lon' he* d+e" in hei$ ,i$s ho-e %* he +!e$ unde$ s!$s. !nd he* +!"/ed he E!$h in+onde$0 !nd he* %e'!n o -!/e s&ee#h !nd o 'i1e n!-es o !"" hin's h! he* &e$#ei1ed2The-se"1es he* n!-ed he Quendi. si'ni,*in' hose h! s&e!/ +ih 1oi#es222

B* -!/in' ! "!n'u!'e. he (i$s%o$n o, I"31!!$ ideni,ied he-se"1es !s In#!$n!es. #hi"d$en o,he One: 4The -!/in' o, ! "!-%e 5"!n'u!'e6 is he #hie, #h!$!#e$ o, !n In#!$n!e.4 Pen'o"odhhe s!'e o, Gondo"in o%se$1ed 7)8:9;


2/73

E"1ish in,"uen#e -!* %e V!"!$in2 In &$!#i#e. V!"!$in +ou"d !"so %e he on"* "!n'u!'e o"de$ h!nP$i-ii1e Quendi!n2 T$ue. Au"F h!d in1ened hudu" ,o$ he D+!$1es "on' %e,o$e he #o-in' o,he E"1es. %u sin#e I"31!!$ did no +!n he D+!$1es o #o-e %e,o$e his o+n (i$s%o$n. heD+!$1es +e$e si"" s"ee&in' +hen he Quendi !+o/e2

)h! +!s i "i/e. he on'ue h! he E"1es ,o$-ed in hose ,i$s *e!$s o, inno#en#e %* hes!$"i +!e$s o, Cui1i@nen )e /no+ -u#h o, is &hono"o'* !nd -ehods o, de$i1!ion0 +e/no+ "ess o, is &$e#ise '$!--!i#!" s$u#u$e2 8ud'in' ,$o- he d!u'he$="!n'u!'es h! !$e#o--on"* he"d o %e "e!s #h!n'ed ,$o- he o$i'in!". n!-e"* Quen*! !nd Te"e$in. PQ +!s ! #!se"!n'u!'e0 !n !""!i1e endin' =d! is eJ&"i#i"* -enioned %* To"/ien 7)8:9


3/73

!se$is/ed ,o$-s !$e eJ&"i#i"* ideni,ied !s P$i-ii1e Quendi!n 7!!$. !. d$de$=. /h!"!i$n.-9-!9=. !nd !u$0 see he en$ies ATA. NI. NR. TIR. MA9. TTA9


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EXTERNAL HISTORY

The$e see-s o h!1e %een no &oin +he$e To"/iens E"1ish "!n'u!'es eJised in ! hiso$i#!"

1!#uu-. +ih no hiso$* o, #h!n'e !nd e1o"uion %ehind he-2 Noes Ch$iso&he$ To"/ien.4Those "!n'u!'es +e$e #on#ei1ed. o, #ou$se. ,$o- he 1e$* %e'innin' in ! dee&"* hiso$i#!"+!*222 E1e$* e"e-en in he "!n'u!'es. e1e$* e"e-en in e1e$* +o$d. is in &$in#i&"e hiso$i#!""*eJ&"i#!%"e = !s !$e he e"e-ens in "!n'u!'es h! !$e no in1ened = !nd he su##essi1e &h!seso, hei$ in$i#!e e1o"uion +e$e he de"i'h o, hei$ #$e!o$222 The* i-!'e "!n'u!'e no !s &u$es$u#u$e. +ihou %e,o$e !nd !,e$. %u !s '$o+h. in i-e24 7LR:9>< The di!#h$oni# !s&e#+!s 1e$* i-&o$!n o To"/ien0 he see-s o h!1e %een i--ense"* !$!#ed %* he '$!nd 1ision o,!n eni$e "!n'u!'e ,!-i"* '$o+in'. #h!n'in'. e1o"1in'. %$!n#hin' ou in 1!$ious di$e#ions2)hen dis#ussin' E"1ish +o$ds. he 1e$* o,en in$odu#es &$i-ii1e se-s !nd !se$is/ed4!n#es$!"4 ,o$-s0 he #"e!$"* ,e" h! ! +o$d needs ! hiso$* 7See ,o$ ins!n#e Lee$s:9Z?=9Z929 #on#e$nin' /h\n 4#hi"d4 %e#o-in' =/h\n!2 The &"u$!" endin' =\ $e-!ins "on'. hou'h:/!"!=/+end\ 4C!"!uendi42< The &$i-ii1e di&hhon's +e$e !&&!$en"* !i. !u. ei. eu. iu. oi. ou.ui2 7Ou is no eJ&"i#i"* 'i1en in !n* &$i-ii1e +o$d 4$e#ons$u#ed4 %* To"/ien. %u i is i-&"ied

o h!1e eJised. hou'h i see-s o h!1e -e$'ed +ih !u 1e$* e!$"*2 C,2 Quen*! n!usF4i-!'in!ion40 he $oo is 'i1en !s NO)O. so o$i'in!""*. he inii!" s*""!%"e o, his +o$d -ush!1e %een no+= ] nou=2< Co-%in!ions "i/e i -!* %e !/en eihe$ !s 4"on' di&hhon's4 o$ !s ,o""o+ed %* i 7+o disin# s*""!%"es


7/73

%$!#/es2 I is no !"o'ehe$ #"e!$ +hehe$ hese !$e o %e $e'!$ded !s uni!$* #onson!ns.n!s!"ied 1e$sions o, %. d. !nd '. o$ !s %. d. !nd ' +ih ! disin# n!s!" e"e-en in$udin' %e,o$ehe-2 The ,!# h! To"/ien $e,e$s o hese #o-%in!ions !s 4'$ou&s4 7hen#e #onson!n #"use$s;:9. des#$i%in' he siu!ion in Co--on E"d!$in. he se-i=1o+e" +#ou"d no o##u$ %e,o$e he #o$$es&ondin' 1o+e" u. !nd si-i"!$"* * 7] K< #ou"d no o##u$ %e,o$e i2

)he$e!s he &$i-ii1e "!n'u!'e did !""o+ inii!" -%=. nd=. '=. he #o$$es&ondin' un1oi#ed#o-%in!ions -&=. n=. /= !&&!$en"* #ou"d no o##u$ ! he %e'innin' o, +o$ds2 Thus !s !n

e"!%o$!ion o, he $oo TAM +e ,ind NDAM $!he$ h!n NTAM. !&&!$en"* !n i-&ossi%"e ,o$-7LR:9. 9;


11/73

&"u$!" indi#!o$ -us h!1e %een he endin' =\. di$e#"* $e,"e#ed %* =i in Quen*!. Te"e$in !nd O"dSind!$in2

I +ou"d see- h! he &$i-ii1e "!n'u!'e h!d ! "e!s so-e #!ses0 To"/ien -enions !n!""!i1e endin' =d! 7)8:9 su''ess h! in he &$i-ii1e "!n'u!'e. he &!sense +!s -!$/ed %* 4he !u'-en o$ $edu&"i#!ed %!se=1o+e". !nd he "on' se-=1o+e"42 Thus.he se- )E 4s!*. s&e!/4 h!d he &!s ense e/+ 7he e o, )E %ein' &$e,iJed !s !n !u'-en!nd he o$i'in!" e %ein' "en'hened o


12/73

In Quen*!. ! ,o$- he"d o %e he !o$is is ,o$-ed +ih he endin' =F. h! #h!n'es o =i+hen !n* endin' is !dded2 In he &$i-ii1e "!n'u!'e. his -us h!1e %een =i e1e$*+he$e 7sin#e,in!" sho$ =i %e#!-e =F in Quen*!. %u $e-!ined un#h!n'ed +hen no ,in!"


13/73

&e$son e"e-en in#"udin' he sound / 7sin#e Quen*! *e in "i'h o, he Sind!$in endin' -us %e!ssu-ed o des#end ,$o- /Ke. +hi"e Sind!$in =#h $e&$esens o"de$ =//==


14/73

d$!si# #h!n'es !$e $e,"e#ed in he -!e$i!" h! h!s %een &u%"ished o ,!$. ho+e1e$2 In -!n*#!ses. PQ +o$ds +ou"d %e un#h!n'ed in CE0 noe h! 'o"od 7No"do< is s!id o %e %oh CE7)8:9;< !nd PQ 7)8:9Z


15/73

/no+ ,$o- )8:>9 h! he #o-%in!ion sd +!s !ssi-i"!ed o d in Co--on E"d!$in. esd4$e&ose4 %e#o-in' ed2 7The se- E_D in he E*-o"o'ies -us he$e,o$e %e unde$sood !s!n Co--on E"d!$in ,o$-0 no !"" he he!ds o, he en$ies in E*- $e&$esen &$i-ii1e $oos2E_D c esd is ise", ! $e!$$!n'ed ,o$- o, he %!si# se- SED 4$es42< )hi"e s %e#!-e 1oi#ed o %e,o$e d. i see-s h! d +!s de1oi#ed o %e,o$e s. &$i-ii1e sK!ds 4#"e,. '!sh4 %e#o-in'

sK!s 7SYAD


16/73

4M* ,!he$ +$oe ! 'ood de!" on he heo$* o, sundo/!$-e o$ %!se=s$u#u$e.4 Ch$iso&he$To"/ien in,o$-s us 7LR:9>9


17/73

E*-o"o'ies. "ess h!n hi$* h!1e his 4-onos*""!%i#4 s$u#u$e. !nd se1e$!" o, he- !$e no hese-s o, 1e$%s. nouns o$ !dKe#i1es. %u &$e&osiions. &!$i#"es. &$e,iJes !nd he "i/e2 7So-ese-s o$i'in!""* ended in ! 'uu$!" #onson!n +$ien !s 9. %u "os i !nd h!d he 1o+e""en'hened in #o-&ens!ion: DO9 [ D !nd e1iden"* TA9 [ T2 Pe$h!&s se-s "i/e TH.TH. Y !$e o %e unde$sood !s "!e$ ,o$-s o, THE9. THU9. YO9. no 'i1en2< In

!##o$d!n#e +ih his. To"/ien s!ed h! 4he "!e$ 1ie+ 5o, he Lo$e-!se$s in Midd"e=e!$h6 +!sh! in ,!# ,u"" se-s 7-e!nin' noun=!dKe#i1e o$ 1e$% se-s< +e$e !#u!""* %* he end o, he#o--on de1e"o&-en o, &$i-ii1e Quendi!n se"do- i, e1e$ -ono#onson!n!"4 7VT9:


18/73

o$i'in!""* h!1e $e,e$$ed o he seed o, 4he d!$/ Ride$ u&on his +i"d ho$se4 h! !,,"i#ed heE"1es ! Cui1i@nen. e1iden"* so-e se$1!n o, Mo$'oh 7Si"-!$i""ion #h2 99


19/73

! -!e$ o, de%!e2 (F!no$ he"d h! su#h ,o$-s h!d indeed o##u$$ed in he P$i-ii1e Quendi!n.%u !s -enioned !%o1e. "!e$ Lo$e-!se$s +e$e 4in#"ined o he o&inion h! his !e. !o +e$e no&$i-ii1e de1e"o&-ens. %u #o-&!$!i1e"* "!e !nd due o he !n!"o'* o, !i : i. !nd !u : u4 7seeVT9:=> is !&&!$en"* ! '=&$e,iJed 1!$i!n


20/73

he o$i'in!" s$en'henin' o, $ inii!""* +!s d$ $!he$ h!n '$0 he "!e$ +!s -ode""ed on he,$euen 1!$i!ion " '"2< (F!no$ is s!id 7in VT9:< o h!1e #ied eJ!-&"es o, inii!"s$en'henin' in1o"1in' 4he $e"!ions %e+een inii!" s= !nd s=. o$ =0 '"= !nd "=0 /*= !nd /+= !nd/=42 Anohe$ 4,$euen inii!" en$i#h-en4 7)8:>99< o, '$o 4eJ#!1!ion4 7)8:>>


21/73

%!si# se- BAT -e!ns 4$e!d4. !nd he ,o$i,ied se- s*-%o"ies he $e&eiion o, he !#ion %*"en'henin' he -idd"e #onson!n2 (o$ he se-!ni# #h!n'e. #o-&!$e Quen*! !-= 4!&4 1s2!-%!= 4/no#/. /ee& on /no#/in'4 -enioned !%o1e2

EJension: So-e se-s h!1e s&e#i!" 4eJended4 ,o$-s -!de %* su,,iJin' he se-=1o+e" 7!s inDELE #o-&!$ed o DEL = in Quen*!. his is #!""ed f-!!in! o$ 41o#!"i# eJension4< !nd !ddin'! ,in!" #onson!n. usu!""* n. /. . o$ s2 In he E*-o"o'ies. he se- BORaN is s!id o %e !neJension o, BOR 4endu$e4 7+hen !##ened on he se#ond s*""!%"e i is ! 1e$%!" ,o$- o, henoun=se- %f$on=


22/73

o$i'in!" se-=1o+e"0 he 1o+e" #!nno %e $edu&"i#!ed ,in!""* %e#!use he$e is no #onson!n o+hi#h i #!n %e su,,iJed2 7Bu !&&!$en"* he se-=1o+e" #!n %e $edu&"i#!ed ,o""o+in' he ne+#onson!n !,e$ he #onson!n h!s %een !dded0 #,2 To"/iens $e,e$en#e in )8:9? o he se-4)E. o, +hi#h )ENE !nd )ETE +e$e e"!%o$!ions429


27/73

The su,,iJ =d is ! 7usu!""* !'en!"< endin' h! is &$e,e$$ed in he #!se o, se-s endin' in N:'!nd 4h!$&e$4 ,$o- GANGANAD !nd "ind 4sin'e$4 ,$o- LIN?2 7In he "!e$ en$* inhe E*-o"o'ies. on"* he "!e$ Quen*! ,o$- "indo is "ised. %u he !$#h!i# ,o$- "ind is 'i1en !s&!$ o, he #o-&ound ui"e"ind 4s+!""o+4. e*-o"o'i#!""* 4s&$in'=sin'e$4. in he en$* TUY2'!nd is "i/e+ise !esed on"* !s ! &!$ o, he +o$d K!"!'!nd 4h!$&=&"!*e$40 see TYAL.

GANGANAD2< The$e is !"so he +o$d nd!nd 4N!ndo. G$een=e",4. ine$&$eed 4one +ho'oes %!#/ on his +o$d o$ de#ision4 7he N!ndo$ +e$e so #!""ed %e#!use he* "e, he -!$#h ,$o-Cui1i@nen0 he se- DAN=. NDAN= indi#!es 4he $e1e$s!" o, !n !#ion. so !s o undo o$ nu""i,*is e,,e#4. )8:>?


28/73

Anohe$ '$ou& o, nouns in = denoe su%s!n#es: /hKe"es 4'"!ss4 7HYEL7ES<


29/73

7ET. #o-&!$e SIR


30/73

The ,e-inine endin' =i is -enioned in PM:9>0 his is he o$i'in o, Sind!$in =eh2 See !"so=o!. =oo2

The endin' =K. =K!. =i. =i! h!s se1e$!" -e!nin's2 I o##u$s on ! nu-%e$ o, !dKe#i1es: %!nK4%e!ui,u"4 7BAN


31/73

#o-&!n*4 7)8:90 se- HEE 4!side. !&!$4


32/73

The su,,iJ =- is one o, he -os &$odu#i1e endin's2 To"/ien &oins ou h! his su,,iJ is,$euen in he n!-es o, i-&"e-ens 7)8:> = his is he o$i'in o, Quen*! *u"-! 4#u&4. /no+n ,$o- N!-b$iF. he &$i-ii1e ,o$- o, Quen*! *u"-! is $e#ons$u#ed !s /Ku"u- inse!d


33/73

A nu-%e$ o, ohe$ +o$ds !$e e!si"* eJ&"!ined !s !%s$!# +o$ds h! h!1e !/en on ! -o$e#on#$ee -e!nin'. !s su#h +o$ds o,en do: $!/- 4,!ho-4 ,$o- RA 4s$e#h ou. $e!#h4.e/- 4"ee$. s*-%o"4 ,$o- TE 4-!/e ! -!$/4. in- 4s&!$/"e. '"in4 ,$o- TIN 4o s&!$/"e4.u"u/- 4su&&o$. &$o&4 ,$o- TULU 7se- no de,ined %u h!1in' o do +ih %ein' ,i$- o$se!d,!s


34/73

-!* -e!n 4s$i& %!$e4 7#,2 SAL


35/73

The endin' =. =o is &$edo-in!n"* ! -!s#u"ine endin'0 #o-&!$e he &$onoun sso 4he4 7se- S.!"so ssu


36/73

On"* $!$e"* is =o. = used o de$i1e +o$ds denoin' in!ni-!e hin's +ih no !'en!"-e!nin'2 )e noe d!io 4sh!de. sh!do+ #!s %* !n* o%Ke#4 7DAY 4sh!do+4


37/73

The endin' =$ see-s o h!1e se1e$!" -e!nin's2 I ,un#ions !s !n !%s$!# endin' in he +o+o$ds id$ 4hou'h,u"ness4 7ID< !nd h$ 4"oo/. ,!#e. eJ&$ession4 7TH


38/73

An !&&!$en"* !dKe#i1!" endin' =s o##u$s in he +o$d ne$es2 This is s!id o %e ! 4,e-inine!dKe#i1!" ,o$-!ion4 ,$o- NER 4-!n4. -e!nin' 4she h! h!s -!n"i/e 1!"ou$ o$ s$en'h47)8:>


39/73

so-ehin'< +!s s$u#/ ou 7)ED


40/73

4,!he$4 7ATA< !nd /he$ 4-!se$4 7Lee$s:?Z?


41/73

In one #!se. he endin' =+ is 'i1en !s &!$ o, he he!d o, !n en$* in he E*-o"o'ies2 Theen$* GENG=). +hen#e Quen*! en'+! 4si#/"*4. is e1iden"* o %e unde$sood !s ! se-GENG +ih his endin'2

The endin' =+ is ideni,ied %* To"/ien !s !n !%s$!# su,,iJ 7see )EG


42/73

-!in sou$#e #on#e$nin' he o"des s!'es o, E"1ish2 )e !"so $e'u"!$ie ohe$ +o$ds ,$o- sou$#es+he$e i see-s h! To"/ien $e!""* did use * $!he$ h!n K. su#h !s Lee$s2

In he sou$#es. "on' 1o+e"s !$e -!$/ed +ih -!#$ons0 in his "is. #i$#u-,"eJes !$e usedinse!d2 In To"/iens s&e""in'. !##ens in he &$i-ii1e +o$ds indi#!e s$ess 7no "on' 1o+e"s !s in

he s&e""in' o, Quen*!


43/73

i-&e$!i1e &!$i#"e. inde&enden !nd 1!$i!%"e in &"!#e 7)8:9. 9;;. #,2 !"so ANG in he E*-o"o'ies0 hou'h his is he he!d o,!n en$*. i see-s o %e ! #o-&"ee +o$d !nd no Kus ! 4se-4


44/73

!n'+! o$ !n'u 4sn!/e4 7he ,o$-s ANG)AANGU !$e ,ound in he he!d o, !n en$* in heE*-o"o'ies. %u he* see- o %e #o-&"ee +o$ds !nd no Kus 4se-s4?0 in he "!e$ sou$#e. he $oo GAL is

de,ined 4'$o+4. in$!nsii1e?0 #,2 UT:??::?Z:9; #on#e$nin' he "on' 1o+e"2 A##o$din' o he s!-esou$#e. he ,in!" e h!s ! &e#u"i!$ ,o$- in To"/iens -!nus#$i&299 = MR:9 'i1esoso +ihou he "on' ,in!" 1o+e". &e$h!&s he #o-&ound ,o$- sin#e he se#ond e"e-en inQuen*! M!ndos is he$e dis#ussed: &$i-ii1e -%!nd=oso. -%!ndoso:>:;

#on#e$nin' he s$ess< !+!$!+!$o 4d$*!d. s&i$i o, +oods4 7e1iden"* -!s#2< 7Tg)AR. see VT>:;#on#e$nin' he s$ess:? #on#e$nin' he s$ess in he ,o$-e$+o$d

primitive elvish

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