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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A way of understanding different people around the world

Maslow Overview

• Critically read the Maslow worksheet quietly

• You will answer a few questions on the reading in a moment.

Task

• Research and jot down answers and sources to answer these:1. Who was Maslow? Describe his life and his

importance.

2. What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? Describe what it is and why it’s important.

3. What is convincing and not convincing about his theory? Why do you believe it or not?

WHO?• Abraham Maslow (American psychologist)

• Developed a theory of human needs

• Theory has influenced a number of fields, including education

• Humanistic approach: interested in the welfare of humans & their motivations, behaviors, & attitudes

ABRAHAM MASLOW

• was a leading humanistic psychologist (Third Force)

• developed the Hierarchy of Needs

• promoted the concept of self-actualization

• was born in 1908, Brooklyn, New York

Maslow’s Early Life• was the eldest of seven

siblings• was a poor student as

an adolescent• was pressured by dad to

become an attorney• took one law class,

dropped out of college for one year

• re-entered college one year later to study scientific psychology

Maslow’s Professional Life• studied dominance in monkeys• received Ph.D. in experimental

psychology in 1934• was on the Brooklyn College

faculty, 1937-1951• was on the Brandeis U faculty,

1952-1969• became a fellow of Laughlin

Foundation in CA• died in 1970, age 62

WHAT: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Survival

Security

Social (Sense of Belonging)

Status (Self-Esteem)

Self-Actualization

Source: http://www.ohrd.wisc.edu/msdresources/tools/2

Hierarchy of Needs

growth

emotional

physical

HOW: Hierarchy defined

Need for body to achieve homeostasis: food, water, sleep, air, constant body temp. SURVIVAL

Properly functioning society that provides SECURITY for all members through laws, limits, order, stability.

Sense of belonging: family, clubs, rel., wrk. Need to be accepted & needed SOCIAL

Need for self-respect (esteem) & recognition from others STATUS

Make most of unique abilities. “Born to do”

SELF ACTUALIZATION

Hierarchy of Needs

Physiological Needs

Physiological Needs

• food

• water

• air

• sleep

Food: A Most Powerful Need• South American

Rugby team crashed in 1970

• Food was the most pressing problem.

• They ate human flesh for survival.

• Even the strongest taboo was broken to fill the basic need for food.

Food: A Most Powerful Need• Ik tribe in Uganda forced to

give up hunting and live on unfertile land

• long standing social mores dissolve - people became psychopathic

• parents steal food from children, children from other children

Physiological Needs

Hierarchy of Needs

Safety Needs

Safety Needs

• from physical attack

• from emotional attack

• from fatal disease

• from invasion

• from extreme losses

(job, family

members, home, friends)

Safety: A Most Powerful Need

• when frightened, our thoughts and energies are diverted

• threat of, or actual attack creates “fight or flight” reaction

• threats to safety can be physical or emotional

Physiological Needs

Love & Belonging Needs

Safety Needs

Hierarchy of Needs

Love and Belonging(social/emotional)

• Inclusion - part of a group: colleagues, peers,

family, clubs

• Affection - love and be loved

• Control - influence over others and self

Love and Belonging: A Most Powerful Need

Esteem Needs

Love & Belonging Needs

Physiological Needs

Safety Needs

Hierarchy of Needs

Esteem Needsemotional (ego)

• respect from others through: awards honors status

• respect for self through: mastery achievement

competence

Esteem from Self and Others:

A Most Powerful Need

Congratulations

Self-Actualization Needs

• stop cruelty and exploitation

• encourage talent in others

• try to be a good human being

• do work one considers worthwhile

• enjoy taking on responsibilities

• prefer intrinsic satisfaction

• seek truth

• give unselfish love

• be just

More Needs of the Self-Actualized

• Truth• Goodness• Beauty• Unity• Aliveness• Uniqueness• Perfection and

Necessity

• Completion• Justice and order• Simplicity• Richness• Effortlessness• Playfulness• Self-sufficiency• Meaningfulness

Qualities of the Self-Actualized• An non-hostile sense of humor• Intimate personal relationships• Acceptance of self and others• Spontaneity and simplicity• Freshness of appreciation• More peak experiences• Democratic values• Independence

Questions

1. If you are simultaneously hungry for food but also desire love, which need will be more important?

2. If you simultaneously have a club meeting and rebels are raiding your neighborhood, which need will be more important?

Levels

• Levels 1 – 4 are deficiency needs

• Self Actualization is a being need

• This means Self Actualization only becomes important once all other needs are met or almost met

WHY?

1. Why will this model will be useful in our studies of world cultures?

2. Why is this theory useful in helping us understand ourselves and our community?

3. Finally, what does Maslow’s theory teach us about humanity and how we may choose to live our own lives?

Criticism

• “Here’s the problem with Maslow’s hierarchy,” explains Rutledge.  “None of these needs — starting with basic survival on up — are possible without social connection and collaboration…. Without collaboration, there is no survival. It was not possible to defeat a Woolley Mammoth, build a secure structure, or care for children while hunting without a team effort.  It’s more true now than then. Our reliance on each other grows as societies became more complex, interconnected, and specialized. Connection is a prerequisite for survival, physically and emotionally.”

Choice Task (choose 1)• Create a new metaphor (not a pyramid) to visually

represent Maslow’s hierarchy.– Include descriptions and examples

• Write a 2-page letter to Maslow that either supports or refutes his theory with examples.

• Create an annotated album guide with 2-3 songs for each level on the hierarchy and descriptions of why those songs perfectly complement the level, with examples and connections.

Grading

• A: Project clearly articulates both “what” and evaluates “why important” information in a creative and expertly finished way. Each part is explained thoroughly and connected

• C: Project shows “what” and begins to grapple with “why important” in a finished way