primates primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans where do...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Primates
• Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans
• Where do we separate?
![Page 2: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
COMMON PRIMATE TRAITS
• 5 DIGITS ON BOTH HANDS & FEET• NAILS INSTEAD OF CLAWS• FLEXIBLE HANDS WITH ABILITY TO
GRIP• ERECT UPPER BODY• COLLARBONE• SMALL NOSE, NO ACUTE SENSE OF
SMELL• USE OF VISION AS PRIMARY SENSE• LARGE & COMPLEX BRAIN• EFFICIENT FETAL NOURISHMENT• LONG PERIODS OF INFANT
DEPENDENCY AND LEARNED BEHAVIOR
• ADULT MALES ALWAYS PRESENT WITHIN GROUP (HELP IN CHILD REARING).
![Page 3: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Trends in Primate Evolution
1) Larger body size2) Increasing brain size or
cranial capacity3) More upright standing4) Living in or near trees5) A diet that includes
plants and animals6) Binocular vision that
allows for depth perception
![Page 4: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Trends in Primate Evolution continued…
7) Specialized color vision8) A decreasing number of
young produced al one time
9) Longer embryonic and childhood development
10) Specialized thumb11) Increasing lifespan12) Growing complexity of
social behavior
![Page 5: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Differences Between Man and Apes
• Humans have the development of more specialized areas in the brain
• Humans have a more vertical face plate
• Humans have a smaller jaw and more evenly rounded arch
• Humans have smaller canine teeth
• Humans have smaller molars• Humans have longer lower limbs
(legs) and shorter upper limbs (arms)
![Page 6: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The biggy…Bipedalism
• Bipedalism is erect posture and walking with two feet
• Bipedalism was important in developing the ability to hunt and make tools
![Page 7: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hominids
• Hominids are a family of primates which includes all two-legged manlike species, extinct or living
• Examples of hominids are erect walking apes, ourselves and our ancestors
![Page 9: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Australopithecines
• Means “Southern Ape”• Australopithecus was an
erect walking ape that was a member of the hominid family
• There were at least 5 kinds of Australopithecines, but probably one was man’s ancestor
• Australopithecines lived 5 to 1 million years ago
![Page 10: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Lucy• Lucy was an
Australopithecus Afarensis• Her skeleton was
discovered by Donald Johanson in Ethiopia in 1974
• She was the most complete pre-human skeleton ever found
• Her bones gave many clues about her anatomy, diet and lifestyle
![Page 11: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Footprints at Laetoli– 3.6 mya– Footprints of two creatures
formed in fresh lava ash.• 1975
– Mary Leakey– Laetoli, Tanzania
• Significance– Determined Height by length of
stride 4’-4’8”– Confirmed Bipedality by this time
• Big toe in line• Heel toe strike when walking
More Discoveries of A. Afarensis Fossils
![Page 12: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Timeline of Human Evolution
![Page 13: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Evolution of Humans
![Page 14: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Louis Leakey and Olduvai Gorge
• Dr. Louis Leakey and his wife, Mary , did their fieldwork at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania
• Dr. Richard Leakey, their son , currently does fieldwork in the Lake Turkana region
• Louis Leakey is credited with the discovery of Homo Habilis, the first human
![Page 15: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Homo Habilis2.3-1.6 mya
“Handy Man” Homo Habilis was the
earliest known species of the genus homo
Probably made tools Probably scavenged for
meat and ate vegetation Skull was 30% larger than
Australopithecines Brain much more human
like in shape.
![Page 16: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Homo Erectus1.9-.3 mya
• “Erect or Upright Man”
• Homo Erectus was the first large brained human
• Sometimes called “Java Man” or “Peking Man”
![Page 17: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Homo Heidelbergensis700-100,000 years ago
• The between species.– Features of Homo
erectus and Homo sapiens.
– Very robust mandible, no chin
– Very prominent brow ridge
– Increased cranial capacity.
– Smaller teeth but bigger than Homo sapiens.
![Page 18: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Neanderthal Man250-30,000 years ago
• Homo Neanderthalensis
• This species was human , but was probably not an ancestor to modern humans
![Page 19: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Neanderthal Man
• Neanderthal man had large arms and legs
• His brain was actually larger than modern humans, but the language and speech center of the brain was not well developed
• Neantherthal man was a hunter who made tools, had primitive language skills and used fire
![Page 20: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Primates Primates are an order of mammals which includes lemurs, monkeys, apes, and humans Where do we separate?](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649c9c5503460f9495b1b3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Homo Sapiens-Sapiens130,000 years ago-Present
• “Thinking Man”• Lighter build in skeleton• Enormous brain
capacity – 1300 cc from 400 cc of
early Australopithicine.
• Early discoveries called Cro-Magnon Man.