primary & secondary sources by: deborah kallina. learning objectives identify “primary...
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Primary & Secondary Sources
By: Deborah Kallina
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Learning Objectives
Identify “primary source”
Identify “secondary source”
Explain the difference between them
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Three Characteristics of a Primary Source
(1)original source that was created during the time being studied or created at a later date by a participant in the event being studied
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Three Characteristics of a Primary Source
(2) enables you to get as close as possible to what actually happened during an historical event ortime period
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Three Characteristics of a Primary Source
(3)reflects the viewpoint of a participant or observer, as in the case of historic newspapers
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Primary Sources Examples
autobiographies, memoirs letters, diaries, books, novels
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Primary Sources Examples
newspapers, magazines, pamphlets
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Primary Sources Examples
speeches, manuscripts, maps
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Primary Sources Examples
artwork paintings sculpture poetry sheet music
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Primary Sources Examples
daguerreotypes & photographs archives & artifacts
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Primary Sources Examples
business records court records church records government records congressional hearings census records
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Primary Sources Examples
research data, statistics interviews, public opinion polls movies, videos, DVDs video & audio recordings images, cartoons, advertisements
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Secondary Sources - Are they important?
Yes! Even though secondary sources are not firsthand, they allow you to build your research on the research of other scholars!
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Three Characteristics of a Secondary Source
(1) second-hand source,not the original source,such as a scholarly journal
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Three Characteristics of a Secondary Source
(2)a scholar analyzesan historical event ortime period, then draws conclusionsabout it
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Three Characteristics of a Secondary Source
(3)a scholar usesprimary sources andthe research of othersto interpret andcomment on the past
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Secondary Sources Examples
biographies, textbooks reference books encyclopedias, dictionaries scholarly articles & books popular books & articles
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Let’s Do a Quick Review
What’s the difference between a primary
source and a secondary source?
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Difference betweenPrimary & Secondary
Sources
Primary: Original Source the “topic”
Secondary: Second-Hand Source analysis of the “topic”
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Difference may be difficult to determine
American history textbook is a secondary source
Reprint of U.S. Constitution in the history textbook is a primary source
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One last point to consider…
Can primary & secondary sourcessometimes contain bias and
be subjective?
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Bias in Primary Sources & Secondary Sources?
Primary & Secondary Sources are the viewpoint or memory of either a participant or observer… so
Yes, sometimes they are subjective and contain bias.
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Test Yourself - Primary Sources?
original painting?
diary by a Vietnam Veteran?
an autobiography?
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Test Yourself - Primary Sources?
original painting? Yes
diary by a Vietnam Veteran? Yes
an autobiography? Yes
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Test Yourself - Secondary Sources?
scholarly review of Toni Morrison’s Beloved?
encyclopedia?
history textbook?
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Test Yourself - Secondary Sources?
scholarly review of Toni Morrison’s Beloved? Yes
encyclopedia Yes
history textbook Yes
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Primary Sources & Secondary Sources
Any questions?
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Congratulations!
Now you know the difference between
primary & secondary sources
Check out the recommended websites for primary sources:
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Good luck on your research!
Discover the wealth of historical information at:
Library of Congress Research and Reference Services http://www.loc.gov/rr/ and the
Library of Congress American Memory Project http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/index.html
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References for Primary and Secondary Sources Information
University of California Berkeley http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/instruct/guides/primarysources.html
University of West Florida Librarieshttp://library.uwf.edu/Research/OnlineTutorials/SourceTypes/
List of References for Images used in this tutorialReferences Primary Secondary Sources Images.pdf