PRIMARY PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS

(Oil Treatment)

MASSEU BEATRIZ

MEP IST,2014

AGENDA • Oil Production

• Primary Process of Hidrocarbons

• Fluid Separation

• Equipments

• Separation System

• Major Operational Problems in the Separator

• Oil Treatment

• Methods of destabilization of emulsion oil

• Termo-electric treater

• Storage Tank

• Conclusion

• BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE

•

Oil Production

• RESERVOIR: In the oil reservoir is normally

found with gas, water and other organic

compounds. These substances, including oil

reservoir are in their densities To Comply.

• PRODUCTION: Process of extracting the

hydrocarbons in controlled manner from the

reservoir through well and convey it to

processing or storage plant via pipelines.

Primary Processing of Hydrocarbons

Primary processing of a plant can be simple or complex;

Perform only the simplest separating gas / oil / water / while more complex

include gas conditioning and compressing, processing and stabilization of oil and water treatment for reinjection or disposal.

Fluids Separation

Separation of the fluids is responsible for the separation of oil from water and

gas in a separator vessel, and these can be :

Three-phase or biphasic

• horizontal

• Vertical

Separator / Advantages and

Disadvantages

VERTICAl

ADVANTAGES

Smaller area for installation

Facilitates the removal of sand

DISADVANTAGES Difficulty of

cleaning the top

HORIZONTAL

ADVANTAGES

More efficient separation of gas and liquid

Requires greater area

DISADVANTAGES

Difficult the removal of sand

OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS IN THE

SEPARATOR

• foaming

• sand production

• paraffins

• drag of oil by gas

Oil Treatment

The main goal of treatment is to reduce the oil content of emulsified water

present, adapting it to the conditions of shipment to refineries.

Note: To understand this process we need to know what is an emulsion.

Emulsions are two immiscible liquids

mixture formed a disperse phase and a

continuous stable film separated by a

physical barrier, consisting of emulsifiers.

Methods of Destabilization of Emulsion oil

Different methods of destabilizing the oil emulsions

of the type W / O are .Employed to promote the

breaking of the emulsions in the field.

• Addition of demulsifiers

Thermo-electric Treater

The thermo-electric treaters combine the best principles

of thermal treatment

(heating to reduce viscosity)

with the chemical treatment

(injection solution is to

destabilize emulsions) and

electric (forced

coalescence)

Storage Tanks

The storage tank production is a cylindrical

vessel having two utilities vital, that is,

accurately measuring the production of oil,

and safely store volatile, flammable oil.

Conclusion

After a primary separation of currents produced fluids, the

individual treatment phases of gas, oil and water in order to achieve the necessary marketing of oil and gas specifications

and the environmental specifications for the disposal of water

occurs. For example:

The oil must not contain excessive amounts of water and

sediment (BS & W) and salts dissolved in water. Typical maximum values are 1% BS & W and 570 or 285 mg / L (or ppm - parts per

million) of salt in the oil, the first limit for intern consumption and

the second for export.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

BRASIL, N.I do, ARAÚJO, M.A.S., DE SOUSA, E.C.M. Processamento Primário de

Petróleo e Gás. Rio de Janeiro: LTC, 2011.

CHILINGARIN, G. V. ; Robertson Jr., J.O. & Kumar, S. Surface Operations in Petroleum Production. In Chiligarian, G.V. Developments in Petroleum Science 19 A. New York, ed Elsevier, 1987

JUSTINO, D. G. Principais Equipamentos de uma Unidade de Processamento Primário de Petróleo. Monografia. Faculdade de Capixaba de Nova Venécia, 2010.

JÚNIOR, G. Processamento Primário de Petróleo/Noções de Processo de Refino. Engenharia Química-UFS, [20-].

PAVIE, G. Introdução á Produção e Processamento de Hidrocarbonetos, 2005.

RIBEIRO, A. M. Medição de Petróleo e Gás Natural, 2ª ed., Salvador, 2003.

ROSA, A. J. CARVALHO, R. S., XAVIER, J. A. D. Engenharia de Reservatórios de

Petróleo. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, 2006.

SIQUEIRA, N.B.R. Estudo sobre Processamento Primário de Petróleo. Monografia. Universidade Federal Rural do Sémi-Àrido (Angicos-RN), 2012.

THOMAS, J. E. Fundamentos de Engenharia de Petróleo. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro:

Interciência: Petrobras, 2004.