primary and secondary data (unit iii)
TRANSCRIPT
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Primary and Primary and Secondary DataSecondary Data
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Primary and Secondary Data
• Define secondary and primary data• Describe primary data collection
methods• Describe sampling techniques• Identify advantages disadvantages
of different data gathering techniques
• Construct a survey
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Secondary Data• Data gathered by another source (e.g.
research study, survey, interview)• Secondary data is gathered BEFORE
primary data. WHY?• Because you want to find out what is
already known about a subject before you dive into your own investigation. WHY?
• Because some of your questions can possibly have been already answered by other investigators or authors. Why “reinvent the wheel”?
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Primary Data
• Data never gathered before• Advantage: find data you need to
suit your purpose• Disadvantage: usually more costly
and time consuming than collecting secondary data
• Collected after secondary data is collected
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Primary Research Methods• Focus Groups – bring together
respondents with common characteristics• Observation - actually view respondents• Experiment - controlled variables and
respondent groups.• Non-personal survey – on site, telephone,
mail, fax, computer, panel• Personal interview - one-on-one survey
with respondents• Company records – internal document
survey research
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Constructing the Questionnaire
Select the correct types of questions:• open ended – harder to score but get
“richer” information• closed ended, dichotomous – offer
two either/or responses (true/false; yes/no; for/against
• multiple choice – select one or more than one
• scaled response – gather range of “values” (strongly disagree, somewhat disagree, neutral, somewhat agree, strongly agree
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1. Have you had any of the following medical preventive tests/exams?
_____ Cholestrol
_____ Blood Sugar
_____ lung x-ray
_____ electrocardiogram
_____ stress test
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2. Do you currently smoke?
_____ YES
_____ NO
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3. Please evaluate the following statement:
I understand the University’s code of conduct as it relates to plagiarism.
____absolutely agree
____somewhat agree
____neutral
____somewhat disagree
____absolutely disagree
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Important characteristics of good questionnaires
• Plan a user-friendly format• Gather demographic data – age, gender,
etc., when necessary. • Guarantee anonymity• Ensure ease of tabulation – Scantron forms• Ask well-phrased and unambiguous
questions that can be answered• Develop for completeness – get all the
data• Pilot test the instrument
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Introductory Statement
The purpose of this survey is to help management identify family issues that our employees experience that are related to job performance. Please respond to the following survey items by checking the appropriate response next to each question/item. Your responses are completely anonymous and will only be used to assess overall employee characteristics.
ensure anonymity
purpose of the survey
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