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The Refere~ce Book ofln.forfuatiori • ·. ·. ahd. Sta~istics R~latirig to th~",·

Te~ritory of Hawaii·· .. , ·. ,.

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'.: ,, , . . MISS. MAUDE J()NE~'

EDITOR

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SIXTY;.SECOND ISSUE ;!"--" .__,_'

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HONOLULU; HAWAII

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PRICE $1.00 ·,' i '.·.' . PRINTm) Jt.ru. · s, A. \ • '- • I .'

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. . - e BALDWIN .PACKERS~ LTD. _, ' : ·.· ..• _ KAUAI'PINEAPPLE ~COMPANl.

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:_ e ·CALIFORNI-A PACKING CORPORATION .·; __ e HAWAIIAN PINEAPPLE CO. ---

e MAUl PINEAPPLE ·COMPANY.· -, , e HAWAIIAN CANNERIES co~· -_-

' .-.. LIBBY, IVIcNEIL. AND. tiBBY .. ... ~ ~ . ·~ -- . "; .

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SEE OAHU BY RAIL AND BUS

EIGHTY-NINE MILES

OF

SIGHTSEEING

DE LUXE

DAILY

$2.15 A luxurious Bus leaves Haleiwa daily at 12:45 P. M., and

takes you via Schofield Barracks and Kamehameha High­wav. to the Young Hotel, in Honolulu, where you arrive at 2:10 P. M.

This comfortable Observation Coach leaves the Oahu Railway Station daily at 9:15 A. M., and takes you by the wonderful

·scenic rail route, to Haleiwa, where you arrive at 11:45 A. M.

Alexander & Baldwin, LIMITED

HONOLULU SAN FRANCISCO

SEATTLE PORTLAND

SUGAR PINEAPPLES

SHIPPING -. INSURANCE

AGENTS FOR

Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Co., Ltd. l\Iaui Agricultural Co., Ltd. Hawaiian Sugar Co. McBryde Sugar Co., Ltd. Kahuku Plantation Co. Kahului Railroad Co. Kauai Railway Co. Baldwin Packers, Ltd. Ulupalakua Ranch, Ltd. Haleakala Ranch, Ltd. Maui Pineapple Co., Ltd. Kauai Pineapple Co., Ltd.

Springfield Fire and Marine Insurance Co., of Mass. New Zealand Fire Insurance Co., Ltd., of Auckland, N. Z. Switzerland General Insurance Co., Ltd., of Zurich, Switzerland The Home Insurance Company of New York Commonwealth Insurance Company of New York Union Insurance Society oil Canton, Ltd., Hongkong Newark Fire Insurance Company of Newark, N. J. Globe Indemnity Co., New York Star Insurance Co. of America, N. Y. _Queensland Insurance Co., Ltd., Sydney, N. S. \V. St. Paul Fire & :Marine Insurance Co., St. Paul, Minn. American Alliance Insurance Association, New York

2

25th Anniversary of Automatic Telephone Service by the Mutual Telephone Company

This Company was incorporated July 25, 1883, and its present assets amount to $7,106,017.00.

It owns and operates 23,924 Telephones on the Islands of Oahu, Hawaii, Maui, Kauai and Molokai (as of August 1, 1935).

The Strowger Automatic Telephone System was installed in Honolulu on August 28, 1910; in Lihue, Nov. 24, 1926; and in Hila, March 14, 1931.

Its Merchandise Department specializes in Radio Equipment. The Inter-Island and Ship Radio TelegTaph System (oldest commercial

Inter-Island wireless system in the world) was established on October 31, 1899; and the Inter-Island Radio Telephone System was established on November 2, 1931.

On Dec. 23, 1931, the Transpacific Radio System was established, operated jointly by the Mutual Telephone. Co., the Radio Corporation of America and the American Telephone & Telegraph Company.

MAIN OFFICE: 1128 Alakea Street Honolulu Cable Address: "MUTELCO"

3

AMERICAN FACTORS

LIMITED

Capital and Surplus Over $15,000,000

Honolulu Hilo Kailua San Francisco

Napoopoo New York

••• Sugar Factors

Wholesale & Commission Merchants

Insurance

••• AGENTS FOR

East Kauai ·water Company, Ltd. Grove Farm Company, Ltd. Hawaiian Canneries Company, Ltd. Kekaha Sugar Company, Limited The Koloa Sugar Company Lahaina Ice Company, Ltd. The Lihue Plantation Company, Ltd. Oahu Sugar Company, Ltd. Olaa Sugar Company, Ltd. Pioneer ~fill Company. Ltd. Princeville Plantation Co. W. H. Rice, Ltd. Waiahi Electric Company, Ltd. Waiahole \Vater Company, Ltd. Waianae Company Waimea Sugar Mi!l Company, Ltd.

4

OFFICERS R. A. CO 0 K E ................ ---·-···--·--------·---------------------------------·-·----Presiden t P. E. SPA LD IN G ............ --------------·----------------------·---------Vice-President L. D. LARSEN ............... -----------------------------------------·--·--··Vice-President E. A. R. ROSS--------------------------------------------------------------------------Secretary W. JAMIESON--------------------------------·---------------------------------------Treasurer C. A. S H 0 RT ---·-···----------------------·-------·--·····----------------------------------Auditor

DIRECTORS E. F. BISHOP,

R. A. COOKE Chairman

W. -JAMIESON C. H. COOKE

]. R. GALT P. I. FAGAN

''BREWER"

l'. E. SPALDING L. D. LARSEN E. A. R. ROSS

Registered Address:

C. BREWER AND COMPANY, LIMITED Honolulu

Established 1826

Capital Stock $8,000,000 Hilo San Francisco

Representing

Sugar Plantations: Hilo Sugar Company Onomea Sugar Company Honomu Sugar Company 'vVailuku Sugar Company Pepeekeo Sugar Company \Vaimanalo Sugar Company Hakalau Plantation Company Honolulu Plantation Company Hawaiian Agricultural Company Kilauea Sugar Plantation Company Paauhau Sugar Plantation Company Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Company Kaeleku Sugar Company, Limited.

Insurance: Royal Insurance Co., Ltd., of Liverpool, England London Assurance Corporation. of London, England Commercial Union Assurance Co., Ltd., of London (Fire "All

Risks" and Auto) Caledonian Insurance Co., of Edinburgh, Scotland American & Foreign Insurance Co. North China Insurance Co. Columbia Casualty Co. Continental Insurance Co.

General: Baldwin Locomotive 'vVorks Kapapala Ranch

5

Suppliers of Light and Power to

Honolulu and the Island of Oahu

CONSULTING AND CONTRACTING ELEC­TRICAL ENGINEERS

ICE MANUFACTURERS COLD STORAGE

WAREHOUSEMEN

The Howoiion llec=fric= (o.~ lfd.

Established 1888 Incorporated 1891

General Offices: King and Richards Streets

6

Executor Trustee ~ent l COOKE-~ I RUST

[OMPANY. LU2 926 FORT STREET

HONOLULU

Insurance Stock Brokerage Safe Deposit Boxes

Rentals

Dependable service and a wide variety of fine merchandise are combiucd through tlzis organization which has served the

Territory of Hawaii for more tlzan a third of a century

Frigidaire Cummins Diesel Engines The Frick Company Packard Automobiles Century Fans Hudson & TerTaplane Automobiles Atwater-Kent Radios Nash & Lafayette Automobiles A.B.C. Washers Motor Trucks & Trailers New Haven Clocks Blackhawk Tools Marshall Field Dry Goods Air Compressors Firestone Tires & Tubes Brown and Sharpe Tools Electric Stoves Weber Showcases Bowser Gasoline Pumps Refractories Bosch Magnetos Steam Boilers Atlantic Tool Steels Petroleum Oil Burners Otis Elevators Machinery for every purpose

We provide COMPLETE INSURANCE PROTECTION Capital, Surt,fus a11d Rcser~·es over Two ~Uiltion

7/zl ~ :__-- .::~·IA4 I n"n 'o..-~ -uon nauun;~w~~9~!'/ "~~eu«e~inee I89CJ,.

MAIN OFFICE: HONOLULU BRANCHES: HILO, WAILUKU, KAPAA, WAHIAWA

7

The World's Finest Channel Service

Linking the entire group of Hm:l'aiian Islands

Bg Plone or §feomer Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd.

-and-

Inter-Island Airways, Ltd. GeneTal Traffic Agents for Pan-American Airways,

United AiT Line and American Airways.

Reservations and tickets on any airline in the world are obtainable at our offices.

CALL, WRITE OR PHONE 4941

HONOLULU HAWAII

Hm_r._raii's Oldest Trust Compans

Now in our 25th Year of Service to Policy Owners ...

HOME INSURANCE CO. OF HA WAil, LTD. HOME INSURANCE BLDG. - - - 129 S. KING ST.

Complete Insurance Service

8

THE

HAWAIIAN ANNUAL FOR

THE REFERENCE BOOK OF INFORMATION

AND STATISTICS

Relating to the Territory of Hawaii, of Value to Merchants, Tourists and Others

THE PRINTSHOP COMPANY, LTD. Compiler and Publisher

MISS MAUDE JONES, Editor

Sixty-second Y car , of Publication

Copyright 1936, by The Printshop Company, Ltd .

. HONOLULU

l93li <!Lounfing ~ouse

Qt:altnba:r l93li

JAN.

FEB.

MAR.

APR.

MAY

J UNE

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.... I ' .... .... 1 213 4 JULY ---- ---- .... 1 2

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 26 27 28 29 30 31 .... ! 26 27 28 29 30

---- .... I .... ---- ---- 1 AUG. ---- ---- .... .. .. 1 ....

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9 10 11 12 13

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 17 18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 I 23 24 25 26 27 ---- -··· ---· .... .... ! .... ---· 30 31 .... . ... ----

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SEPT. ----1--·· 1 2' 3 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

61 7 s 9 10

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 22 23 24 25 26 i 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 29 30 31 .... ·--- ---- .... 27 28 29 30 ----

.... ---· ---- 1 2 3 4 OCT. ---- ---- ---· ---· 1 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 4 5 6 7, 8

12 13 14 15 16 I 17 18 11 12 13 14' 15 19 20 21 22 23! 24 25 18 19 20 21 22 26 27 28 29 30 .... ---· 25 26 27 28 29

---- .... ---· ·-·- 1 2 NOV. 1 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12

15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 ~~ I ~~ i ~~ I ~~ 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 31 ---- ---- .... ···- .... .... ---· ··-· . ... ·--- ·---

---- 1 2 3 4 5 6 DEC. 1 2 3 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 7 8 9 10

14 15 20 13 14 15 16 17 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 20 21 22 23 24 16! 17118119 28 29 30 ............... . ? ' ~7 28 29 30 31

1IT Ire Jrintslrop QrompanJJ, 1ft:b. RESEARCHER AND PUBLISHER

'irrl1~ 1!Jatuaihm J\nnual HONOLULU, HAWAII

10

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T 3 4

10 11 17 18 24 25 31 ----

---- 1 7 8

14 15 21 22 28 29 ---- ----

4 5 11 12 18 19 25 26 .... ----

2 3 9 10

16 17 23! 24 30 31

6 7 13 14 20 21 27 28 ---- ··-· .... ----

4 5 11 12 18 19 25 26

TABLE OF CONTENTS

STATISTICAL

Page <Counting House Calendar ............................................................................ 10 Eclipses During 1936 ·························································---·······-··--~---········ 13 Holidays, Church Days, Moon Changes for 1936 ................................ 14 Resources of Hawaii, 1935 ·····--·-···-··········------········----·-·-·······-·········-············- 15 Hawaii's Bonded Debt, June 30, 1935 ...................... :. ______ ,_______________________ 15 Oahu Overland Distances; Oahu Railway Distances -------------------------- 16 Total Population by Districts and Islands-1930 and 1920 -···------------ 17 Comparative Table of Population, Hawaiian lslands, 1872-1930........ 17 Population of Honolulu, 1930, by Race, Sex and Citizenship ------------ 18 Population in 1930 by Sex and Race --------------------------------------------------·----- 19 Comparative .Race Population of Hawaii, 1935-1933 -------------------------- 19 Vital Statistics by Nationalities, 1935 __________________ : .......... ,........................ 20 Vital Statistics by Counties, 1935 ---------·-····----------------·····-······--············----· 20 Nationality of Plantation Labor, 1935 ............. : ..................................... : 20 Public Schools, Teachers and Pupils by Islands and Districts,

June 30, 1935 --····················-·-····---·-··---------------------------------···········-········-·· 21 Automobile Registrations and Fees, 1935 -----------·---------··························· 22 Air Distances in Hawaii ---·-·······--·-·--·····---------------------------------·-·················-··· 22 Import Values from U. S., Comparative 1934-1935 ............................ 23-24 Coin Shipments from Hawaii to U. S., 1934 .......................................... 24 Value Domestic Merchandise Shipments to U. S. from

Hawaii, 1934-1935 ........................... ----------------------·-·················-············ 25 Domestic Products Shipped to U. S., 1934 ............................................ 26 Total Values of Imports and Exports of Merchandise

by Countries, 1934 ----------------------····-------------------·-········-···············-·····--··· 26 Hawaiian Sugar Export Statistics, 1927-1934 ------------------~--------------···-··· . 27 Hawaii's Annual Trade Balance, 1927-1934 ............................................ 27 Receipts, Expenditures and Public Debt of Hawaii, 1928-1935 --------·- 27 Growth of Bank Deposits, Territory of Hawaii, 1927-1935 ····------------ 27 Summary of Insurance Business, Territory of Hawaii, 1934 ------------ 28 Customs Receipts, June 30, 1935 -----------------------·······-·-'··············-·········----·- 28 Taxes Collected, 1935 ····-·-······-----------------···························'··---·-·········-········· 28 Arrivals and Departures of Shipping, June 30, 1935 ·········------------------- 29 Domestic Products Exported to Foreign Countries, 1934 ------------------ 29 Export Value of Pineapple Products, 1932-1934 .................................... 29 Building Construction Values, Honolulu, 1923-1934 ............................ 30 Hawaiian Corporations, 1935 ···············----------------------------------------------·--·---:- 30 Net Assessed Values of Real Property for 1935 .................................... 30 Gross Assessment of Real and Personal Property, 1901-1935 ............ 31 Cost of Assessing and Collecting Taxes, 1901-1935 ............................ 32

·Comparative Tax Rates, 1912-1935 -----------·----------------------------------------------·-- 33 Assessed Values Real and Personal Property by

Taxation Divisions, 1935 ---····--------------------------------··········--------------------- 33 Post Office Statistics, 1930-1935 --------------------------------------~------------------------- 34 Summary of Meteorological Observations, 1934-1935 ------------------------ 35 Table of Rainfall Throughout the Islands, 1934-1935 ------------------------36-37 Hawaiian Sugar Crops, 1930-1934 --------------------------------------------------------118-119

REFERENCE

List of Sugar Plantations, :Mills and Agencies --------------------------------116-117 Register and Directory, Territorial Officials ------------------------------------120-131

County Officials ------------------------------------------------------------------------------·------- 132 Federal Officials ------------------------------------------------------·-·················-------132-134

11

ARTICLES

Page Know Hawaii -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38-Hawaii and its 25 Years of Aviation ........................................................ 39 The Telephone in Hawaii ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 Banking in Hawaii ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 Three Decades of Motoring in Hawaii ---------------------------------------------------- 61 Hawaii-The 49th State? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 Hawaii's Tourist Industry ----------------------------------------------------------·-·············· 70<

~:~:::; ~u~~:g ~~;1;\f;~~:c~:. .. :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ;; Pitcairn Islands ............................... :.............................................................. 83 Commemoration of Centennial of Discovery .......................................... 88 Treaty of Reciprocity ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 93 Hawaiian Tradition of the Origin of Fire ---------------------------------------------- 98 A Trip to the Sandwich Islands ---------------------------------------------------------------- 100.

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS

Page Fred. L. Waldron, Ltd. --------------------------------------------------Outside Back Cover C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 Bank of Hawaii --------------------------------------------------------------------Inside Back Cover Thea. H. Davies & Co., Ltd. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 135 Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 Lewers & Cooke, Ltd. --------------------------------------------------------Backbone and 137 Hawaiian Electric Co., Ltd. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6-American Factors, Ltd. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Honolulu Iron \Vorks Co.·-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 138 Von Hamm-Y oung Co. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 Oahu Railway & Land Co. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 Hawaii Brewing Co., "Primo" ------------------------------------------------------------------ 137 1f u tual Telephone Co. -------------------------------------·-------------------------------------------- 3 Hawaiian Trust Co., Ltd. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8. Pineapple Producers Assn. ----------------------------------------------Inside Front Cover Honolulu Gas Co., Ltd. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 137 Hawaii Meat Co., Ltd. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 139 Honolulu Paper Co. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 139 F. A. Schaefer & Co. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14() Home Insurance Co. of Hawaii --------------------------------------------------·------------- 8 Pacific Guano & Fertilizer Co. ------------------------------------------------------------------ 136. Cooke Trust Co., Ltd. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------·-······ 7 Hoffschlaeger. & Co. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 139 Inter-Island Airways, Ltd. --------------------------------------------------·········--------------- S. The Printshop Co., Ltd.-Hawaiian Annuals ---------------------------------------- 14()o

12

ECLIPSES DURING 1936

There will be four eclipses during 1936, two of the sun and two of the moon, none being completely visible in Hawaii.

1. A total eclipse of the Moon, January 8, 1936, will have only its beginning visible in Hawaii. Its- elements, in Honolulu Standard Time, will be as follows:

Moon enters the penumbra............................ 4:47 a.m.

Moon enters the umbra.................................... 5:58 a.m.

Total eclipse begins............................................ 7:28 a.m.

l'ull moon will set at about............................ 6:41 a.m.

Sun will rise at about........................................ 6:36 a.m.

2. A total eclipse of the Sun, June 18, 1936, will not be visible in Hawaii. The path of the total eclipse will pass across Asia from the Mediterranean Sea to Japan.

3. A partial eclipse of the :Moon, July 4, 1936, will not be visible in Hawaii as the Moon will set before it enters the umbra of the earth's shadow. The elements, in Honolulu Standard Time, will be as follows:

Moon ent-::rs the penumbra............................ 4:29 a.m.

Moon enters the umbra...................................... 5:57 a.m.

Uoon sets, at about............................................ 5 :24 a.m.

Sun rises, at about .......... :................................... 5:25 a.m.

4. An annular eclipse of the Sun, December 14, 1936, will not be visible in Hawaii. The path of the annular eclipse will cross Australia, New Zealand, and the South Pacific. Oeno Island, between Tahiti and Easter Island, lies exactly in its path.-E. H. B. Jr.

'13

HAWAII'S OBSERVANCE DAYS FOR 1936

Second half of the thirty-eighth year and first half of the thirty­ninth year since annexation of Hawaii to the United States.

Forty-first year since the downfall of the Monarchy. The 158th year since the discovery of the Hawaiian Islands by

Captain Cook.

Holidays Observed at the Hawaiian Islands

*New Y ear.. ... --------·--------·-------J an. 1 Lincoln's Birthday ............ Feb. 12

*·Washington's Birthday .... Feb. 22 *Decoration Day __________________ May 30 *Kamehameha Day ...... --------June 11 *Birthday Haw'n Republic .. July 4 *Independence Day .... ----------July 4

*Labor Day (1st Monday) Sept. 7 *Regatta Day

(3rd Saturday) ........ Sept. 19 *Victory Day ........................ Nov. 11

Thanksgiving Day ............ N ov. 26 *Christmas Day .... ________________ Dec. 25

*Those distinguished by the asterisk have been established by Jaw, and all election days, both primary and general, in each county wherein such election is held, and any day designated by the Presid~nt or the Governor.

Church Days

Epiphany ---·---------------··-··---·----Jan. 6 Ash Wednesday· ...... : .. c ..••.... Feb. 26 First Sunday in Lent ............ Mar. 1 Palm Sunday ·-·-·--·-·-······--··-··April 5 Good Friday --·-·----···--·--··-·-·-April 10 Easter Sunday ·-·--·------·-·-···-April 12 Ascension Day -··----·····---·----May 21 Whitsunday --·--··-··--·······--·--·-May 31

Trinity Sunday ······-··--··-·-·---June 7 Corpus Christi ·------···-··---·---June 11 The Assumption ··-··--·-··-----Aug. 15 All Saints -··--·---·-····-···--·-·-·----Nov. 1 Advent Sunday ----·--·····-·-·-···Nov. 29 Immaculate. Conception ........ Dec. 8 Christmas ----·-----·----···--·-·-·-····Dec. 25

MOON CHANGES, 1936

Month

January------·---·-··----·-·-·-··-·-·---February-·---···--------·-····-·------' March ............ :.-----·-···-·----··--·· ApriL·---'-··-·--------·-··-·-·-···-------1-fay ... ------'--·-·---------------·-·-·----· June·--·-··-----··-·----··---···--·--·-----· July .. _____________________________________ _

AugusL·--·----------------·-----------·

September·-------·-·-·-----------·---

October ........ ~------···---·---·------N ovember. .... ·-······--·---·------··· December.·-··--------·---·--·-·--··_

Full Moon New Moon

Day Honolulu Time Day Honolulu Time

8 7 7 6 6 4 .. 4 2 1

30 29 28 27

7:45a.m. 0:49a.m. 6:43p.m.

12:16 p.m. 4:31a.m. 6:52p.m. 7:04a.m. 5:17p.m. 2:07a.m.

10:31 a, m. 7:28p.m. 5:42a.m. 5:30p.m.

;}4

23 22 22 21 20 18 18 16 15

14 13 13

8:48p.m. 8:12a.m. 5:43p.m. 2:02a.m.

10:04 a.m.· 6:44p.m. 4:49a.m. 4:51p.m. 7:11a.m.

11:50 p.m. 6:12p.m.

12:55 p.m.

HAWAIIAN ANNUAL Sixty~Second Issue

Devoted to Statistics, Research and Progress of Hawaii

Resources of Hawaii, 1935

Population, Territory, census 1930 ........ ------------------'----·······----··--- 368,336 Population, Territory, estimate, June, 1935............................ 384,437 Population, Honolulu, census, 1930 ........ -----------·------------·---------··-- 137,582 Population, Honolulu, estimate, June, 1935.............................. 143,590 Assessed valuation, .Territory .......................................................... $383,565,812 Assessed valuation, real estate ........................................................ 298,761,791 Assessed valuation, personal property........................................ 84,804,021 Assessed valuation, Honolulu and Oahu .................................... 271,590,866 Assessed valuation, Honolulu realtY---------·--·---------·-····--·---------···· 232,681,304 Assessed valuation, Honolulu personaL..................................... 38,909,562 Amount Insurance written, 1934 .................................................... 276,666,605 B auks have credits .... ----············----·-·--------------·----------·--··-·----------------· 83,903,334 Banks have commercial accounts.................................................. 46,743,557 Banks have savings accounts .... ------·-··········------·-------······------·--------· 37,159,776 Corporations (1325) are capitalized at ........................................ 353,539,653 Hawaii's sugar crop, 1934, tons.................................................... 919,411 Value sugar exports, 1934 ................. -----·----·----------························ 54,860,109 Value pineapple exports, 1934........................................................ 34,520,478 Total value all exports...................................................................... 95,830,059 Total value all imports.................................................................... 69,234,606 Total value exports over imports................................................ 26,595,453 Amount Qf public debt ........................ ,........................................... 31,753,000 Total amount of year's revenue.................................................... 13,128,780

Hawaii's Bonded Debt, June 30, 19.35

Public Improvement 4% Bonds ................................................ $ 7,680,000.00 Public Improvement 4%% Bonds............................................ 5,145,000.00 Public Improvement 4%% Bonds ............................................ 19,000,000.00

TotaL .............................................................................. $31 ;825 ,ooo.oo.

16 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Overland Distances, Island of Oahu (By Government Road Only)

Revised by R. D. King, Survey Department

DISTANCE FROM NEW POST OFFICE, HONOLULU, TO

Miles

Cor. Judd and Nuuanu .............. 1.6 Nuuanu, Country Club Entr ... _ 2.8 Pali .... ------------------------------------------ 6.9 Waimanalo Fork ........................ 8.3 Waimanalo Mill ........................ 13.2 Waimanalo Landing· ................ 14.9 Kailua Beach .............................. 13.3 Kaneohe Court House ................ 11.9 Heeia (Naval Radio Station) .. 12.5 Kahaluu ...................................... 15.1 Kaalaea ........................................ 15.6 Waiahole Bridge ........................ 18.4 Waikane Post Office ................ 19.3 Kualoa ........................................ 21.5 Kaaawa ____ ................................... 23.8 Kahana Bridge ............................ 262 Punaluu Bridge .......................... 28.3 Hauula Bridge ............................ 31.1 Laie Middle ................................ 34.5 Kahuku Plantation Office ........ 37.0 Moana Hotel -------------------------------- 3.3 Kapiolani Park (Entrance) ...... 3.8 Diamond Head Lighthouse ...... 5.3 Kahala and Isenberg Road ...... 7.5 Kaimuki Car Line (Terminus) 4.6 Kaimuki Hill Reservoir.. .......... 4.7 Waialae .... ------------------------------------ 5.9 Wailupe (Naval Radio Station) 7.5 Niu .... -------------------------------------------- 8.5 Koko Head .................................. 11.5 Makapuu .................................... 14.5 Naval Station, Pearl Harbor.. .. 7.8 Fort Kamehameha .................... 9.4 Fort de Russy .............................. 3.0 Fort Ruger .................................. 5.0

Miles

Liliha, Corner King Street ........ LO Fort Shafter -----'---------•--------•------- 3.3 l\foanalua Stream ...................... 3.7 Puuloa Junction ------------------------ 4.1 Aiea .... ---------------------------------------- 7.7 Pearl City Junction .................... 10.9 Ewa Junction ------------------------------12.1 Schofield Barracks ( Gate) ....... .20.3 Wahiawa R. R. Station ........... .20.7 Waialua Hill -------------------------------29.8 Haleiwa Hotel ............................ 30.8 Kawailoa Bridge ------------------------32.9 Waimea Bridge --------------------------352 Paumalu .... ----------------------------------36.0 Pupukea .... ----------------------------------38.0 Waialee .... ------------------------------------39.7 Kahuku Plantation Office ....... -45.0 Oahu Mill, Waipahu .................. 14.8 Honouliuli .... ------------------------------18.4 Ewa Mill -------------------------------------20.8 N anakuli .... . .............................. 26.9 Waianae Mill .............................. 33.r Makaha ........................................ 35.0 Makua .... .. .................................. 40.4 HONOLULU BY WATER TO Lahaina, Maui .......................... 72.0 Kahului, Maui .......................... 90.0 Hana, Maui ................................ 128.0 Mahukona, Hawaii .................. 134.0 Kawaihae, Hawaii .................... 144.0 Kealakekua, Hawaii ................ 157.0 Hilo, Hawaii ............................ 192.0 Nawiliwili, Kauai .................... 98.0 Koloa, Kauai ............................ 102.0 Waimea, Kauai ........................ 120.0

OAHU RAILWAY DISTANCES-FROM HONOLULU TO

Miles Miles Miles Pmtloa __________________ :: .. 6.0 Wahia 'va .................. 24.0 Makua ______________________ 40.0 Aiea ........................... 8.0 Hoaeae ........ -............ 14.0 Ka waihapai.. ........... 49.0 Kalauao ...... -----'-------- 9.0 Honouliuli.. _____________ 15.0 _Mokuleia .................. 51.0 W aiau ....................... 1 0.0 Ewa MiiL. ............... 17.0 Puuiki ....................... 53.0 Pearl City ... - ............ 11.0 Gilbert... ...... -............ 21.0 . Waialua .................... 55.0 Waipio ...................... 13.0 N anakuli.. ... -............ 27.0 Haleiwa Hotel. ........ 55.0 Waipahu.: ________________ 13.0 W aianae ................... 32 .0 W aimea .................... 61.0 Leilehua __________________ 26.0 Makaha ....... -............ 34.0 Kahuku ____________________ 70.0

CENSUS STATISTICS 17

Total Population by Districts and lslands-1930 and 1920, Comparative

Hawaii 1920 1930 Oahu 1920 1930

Hamakua ................... 9,122 8,864. Honolulu ................... 83,327 137,582 North Hila ................ 5,644 5,028 Ewa ............................ 17,899 25,507 South Hila ................ 23,828 29,572 \Vaianae ..................... 1,802 1,923 Puna ........................... 7,282 8,284 \Vaialua ..................... 7,641 8,129 Kau ............................. 4,028 4,751 \Vahiawa ........... t. ...... 4,302 18,103 North Kana .............. 3,709 4,728 Koolatiloa .................. 4,490 5,258 South Kana ............... 3,703 4,677 Koolaupoko .............. 4,035 6,385 North Kohala ........... 6,275 6,171 --South Kohala ........... 1.304 1,250

I 123,496 202,887

64,895 73,325 Midway ............ --------- I 31 36

Maui Kauai Lahaina* .................... 7,142 7,938 Waimea ..................... 8,672 10,212 Wailuku ..................... 14,941 21,363 Niihau ........................ 191 136 Hana .......................... 3,100 2,436 Koloa· .......................... 7,270 8,452 Makawaot ................. 10,897 17,019 Kawaihau .................. 4,533 7,441

Hanalei ...................... 2,549 2,186 36,080 48,756 Lihue ......... _________________ 6,223 7,515

Molokai ..................... , 1,784 5,032 Lanai .......................... 185 2,356 29,438 35,942 Kahoolawe ................ 3 2 Total whole group ... 255,912 368,336

*Not including Lanai. t Not including Kahoolawe.

Comparative Table of Population, Hawaiian Islands­Census Period 1872-1930

Islands 1872 1878 1884 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 --- -------

Hawaii ............... 16,001 17,034 24,991 26,754 46,843 55,382 64,895 73,325 Maui ................... 12,334 12,109 15,970 17,357 24,797 28,623 36,080 48,756 Oahu .................. 20,671 29,236 28,068 31,194 58,504 81,993 123,496 202,887 Kauai.. ............... 4,961 5,634 *8,935 11,643 20,562 23,744 29,247 35,806 Molokai ............. 2,349 2,581

12614 2,652 2,504 1,791 1,784 5,032

Lanai .................. 348 214 174 619 131 185 2.356

Niihau .... ---------'-- 233 177 ----·------ 216 172 208 191 136 Kahoolawe ........ ----·------ ----·------ ----·------ ........... ····--·------ 2 3 2 Midway ............. ----·------ ----·--···· ----·-·---- ----·------ ------······· 35 31 36

~

TotaL ......... 56,897 57,985 80,578 89,900 154,001 191,909 255,912 368,336

All Foreigners. 5,366 10,477 36,346 49,368 116,366 153,362 214,162 317,476 ---

Hawaiians ......... 51,531 47,508 44,232 40,622 37,636 38,547 41,750 50,860

18 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Population of Honolulu, 1930, by Race, Sex and Citizenship

Race, etc.

Total population ...................

Hawaiian ................................ Caucasian-Hawaiian ............ Asiatic-Hawaiian .................. Portuguese ............................. Porto Rican ............................ Spanish ................................... Other Caucasian ................... Chinese .................................... Japanese ................................. Korean .................................... Filipino ...................................

other ............ Negro and all

Native, all races ................... Native parentage .................. Foreign or mixed parents ....

Foreign born, all races ....... Naturalized ............................ First papers ........................... Alien ........................................ Unknown ................................

Population of, or over 21 years ..............................

Hawaiian ................................ Caucasian-Hawaiian ............ Asiatic-Hawaiian .................. Portuguese ............................. Porto Rican ........................... Spanish .................................... Other Caucasian .................. Chinese ................................... Japanese ................................. Korean .................................... Filipino .................................... Negro and all other ............

Native, all races ................... Foreign, all races ................. Naturalized ............................ First ·papers ...........................

lien ........................................ A u nknown ................................

1930

Total Male

137,582 74,456

9,675 4,739 8,283 4,028 5,959 2,885

12,297 6,081 2,211 1,160

5741 272 23,961 14,171 19,334 11,146 47,468 24,953 2,604 1,442 4,778 3,337

440 242

110,629 58,798 52,628 28,930 58,001 29,848

26,953 15,658 3,098 1,808

346 269 23,411 13,527

107 54

69,811 39,964

5,537 2,706 3,152 1,472 1,604 731 6,22S 3,040

965 553 261 124

16,748 10,100 9,359 6,037

21,667 11,962 1,200 751 2,873 2,352

217 136

43,440 24,640 26,371 15,324

3,016 1,769 334 259

22,922 13,243 99 53

Total % distribu-

Female 1920 tion 1930 1------ ---

63,126 83,327 100.0

4,936 8,459 7.0 4,255 5,970 6.0 3,074 3,102 4.3 6,216 9,978 8.9 1,051 841 1.6

302 636 0.4 9,790 12,670 17.4 8,188 13,383 14.1

22,515 24,522 34.5 1,162 1,319 1.9 1,439 2,113 3.5

198 334 0.3

51,831 58,641 80.4 23,678 27.971 38.3. 28,153 30,724 42.2

11,295 24,606 19.6 1,281 2,402 2.2

77 262 0.3 9,884 21,840 17.0

53 182 0.1

~9,847 45,649 100.0

2,831 5,174 7.9 1,680 2,278 4.5

873 1,061 2.3 3,188 4,379 8.9

412 384 1.4 137 264 0.4

6,648 9,099 24.0 3,322 6,984 13.4 9,705 13,500 31.0

449 782 1.7 521 1,560 4.1 81 184 0.3

18,800 22,640 62.2 11,047 23,009 37.8

1,247 2,232 4.3 75 257 0.5

9,679 20,370 32.8 46 150 0.1

CENSUS STATISTICS 19

Population in 1930 by Sex and Race

Races Total Male Female Total Per Cent 1920 Illit.*

--~

Hawaiian .... ---··········-----·---·----- 22,336 11,311 11,325 22,723 3.4 Caucasian-Hawaiian ............ 15,632 _7,760 7,872 11,072 0.6 Asia tic-Hawaiian __________________ 12,592 6,282 6,310 6,955 0.9 Portuguese.·------------·-·------------ 27,588 13,870 13,718 27,002 9.7 Puerto Rican _________________________ 6,671 3,635 3,036 5,602 32.0 Spanish·---·---·---------------·-----·---- 1,219 631 588 2,430 16.4 Other Caucasian. __________________ 44,895 30,570 14,325 19,708 0.3 Chinese------·-----------------·------·---- 27,179 16,561 10,618 23,507 15.7 Japanese _____ ,··----------·---------------- 139,631 75,008 64,623 109,274 12.7 Korean·-------·-----·--------------------- 6,461 3,999 2,462 4,950 17.6 Filipino--------·--·-·-----------------·---- 63,052 52,566 10,486 21,021 38.5 Negro and all other-------·-·-- 780 447 333 658 8.8

------- -- ---- -----TotaL .............................. 368,336 222,640 145,696 255,912 15.1

-- -~--- -- - ·-· --- ~-~ -~---

Native born, all races ......... 299,744 180.593 119,151 168,671 Native parentage ................. 161,541 108,142 53,399 79,242 Foreign or mixed

parentage .... ------·----------------- 138,203 72,451 65,752 89,429 Foreign born, all races ______ 68,592 42,047 26,545 87,241 Naturalized ........ ---·------------·--- 5,260 3,282 1,978 4,566 First papers----------·-----------·-·-· 828 708 120 518 Alien.·---·----·--------·-:··-·-----------·-· 62,336 37,975 24,361 81,734 Unknown·-----·------·---------·-------- 168 82 86 373

*Per cent illiterate of 10 years and over.

Comparative Race Population of Hawaii, 1935-1933

Race 1933 1934 1935 Increase

The ~.erritory ........ ---·-·------·--- 380,211 378,957 384,437 5,480 Ha wanan---------------------····-------- 22,021 21,796 21,710 * 86 Asiatic-Hawaiian .... ·-·-----------· 17,643 16,250 18,742 2,492 Caucasian-Hawaiian _________ , ___ . .15,339 18,169 . 17;236 I * 933 Portuguese .. ·-·--·---------------------- 28,951 29,236 29,530 294 Puerto Rican ................ ---------- 7,139 7,280 7,368

I 88

Spanish-------------··--··-·---·------·---- 1,262 1,276 1,267 * 9 Other Caucasian ________ ,_ .. _______ 46,073 45,888 50,258 4,370 Chinese--·--------------------------·-·----- 26,942 26,989 27,264 275 ] apanese .... --------·---·------------·----- 146,990 148,024 148,972 948 Filipino ... -------------·---·---·----·------- 60,360 56,700 54,668 *1,032 Korean ........ -------·----·---------------- 6,649 6,638 6,668 .30 Negro and all other ____________ 842 711 754 43

*Decrease.

20 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Vital Statistics by Nationalities, 193 5 For Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1935

Births

Racial Descent Population Estimated Rate No.

per 1000

Hawaiian ............................................ 21,710 377 17.35 Caucasian-Hawaiian ......................... 18,472 799 43.29 Asiatic-Hawaiian .............................. 17,236 1,171 69.94 Portuguese .......................................... Puerto Rican ..................................... 7,368 194 26.49 Spanish ................................................ 1,267 8 6.31 Other Caucasian ............................... 50,258 755 15.71 Chinese ................................................ 27,264 518 19.10

~iB;r;~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 148,972 3,565 24.01 54,668 1,191 21.39

Korean ................................................. 6,668 119 17.89 Negro and all other ....................... 754 32 43.66

TotaL ...................................... 384,437 9,252 24.24

Vital Statistics by Counties, 1935 For Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1935

Counties, etc.

Honolulu City .... Outer Oahu Hilo City .............. Outer Hawaii ...... Kalawao County Kauai County ...... Maui County ........

TotaL .........

Births Marriage• Est.

Popu- Rate Rate ]ation No. per No. per

1000 1000 ··----- --- --- -----

143,590 3,706 25.96 1,394 9.76 67,020 1,260 19.08 325 4.92 15,633 531 34.21 273 17.59 6!,097 1,368 22.50 254 4.18

526 8 14.79 8 14.79 37,500 825 22.10 214 5.73 59,071 1;554 26.48 367 6.25

---384,437 9,252 24.24 2,835 7.43

Nationality of Plantation Labor For Fiscal Year ending June 30, 1935

Deaths

Rate No. per

10QO

482 22.16 226 12.25 185 11.05

106 I 14.47 8 6.31

329 6.84 248 9.14 919 6.19 425 7.63

74 11.12 If 15.01

3,236 8.48

Deaths

Rate No. per

1000 --------1,338 9.37

385 5.83 227 14.63 458 7.53

51 94.27 302 8.09 475 8.09 -- --3,236 8.48

Courtesy Bureau of Labor and Statistics, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Ass'n

Nationality

A.nglo-Saxon, Men ........... . Japanese, " Filipino, Chinese, Korean,

No.

954 10,770 26,681

554 491

Nationality

Puerto Rican, Men ........... . Portuguese, " Spanish, Hawaiian, All Others,

No.

786 2,286

92 846

42

Total Men ........... . 43,502

Japanese, Women, 1,376; All Others, Women, 286; Total, Women, 1,662. Minors, Reg. Male, 1,066; Minors, Reg. Female, 122; Minors, School and

Voc'l., 2,668; Emergency, Part-time, 256; Grand Total, 49,276.

SCHOOL STATISTICS 21

Public Schools, Teachers and Pupils by Islands and Districts June 30, 1935

Number TEACHERS PUPILS Islands by Districts of

Schools Male Female Total Male Female Total - -------

HAWAII: City of Hilo __________________ 13 35 150 185 3,000 2,726 5,726 Hilo District ··········---- 7 35 68 103 1,586 1,557 3,143 Puna -- •••••••••••n••••••••••••• 9 16 41 57 889 899 1,788 Kau -- ----------················-- 3 9 19 28 441 447 888 Kona .. -------------------------- 12 24 53 77 1,263 1,113 2,376 Kohala __ ------------------------ 7 15 40 55 835 832 1,667 Hamakua -- -------------····· 9 26 37 63 895 857 1,752

--· Total ------------------···· 60 160 408 568 8,909 8,431 17,340

------MAUl:

East Wailuku 3 9 44 53 785 876 1,661 West Wailuku··--·-------·- 7 16 61 77 1,198 1,126 2,324 Lahaina -· ·----------------··· 6 22 60 82 1,395 1,106 2,501 Makawao -- ---------·-------- 13 32 114 146 2,482 2,234 4,716 Han a --------------·-·········· 6 2 15 17 283 271 554 .Molokai -· ·········----------- 5 11 24 35 542 459 1,001

Total ----------------·-··-- 40 92 318 410 6,685 6,072 12,757

OAHU: Honolulu __ -----·-·-·--···---·- 42 152 899 1,051 17,296 16,000 33,296 Ewa -- -------------------------· 6 22 134 156 2,400 2,250 4,650 Waianae .. ····---------------- 1 4 13 17 293 256 549 Waialua ---------·---------- 7 27 113 140 2,319 2,065 4,384 Koolauloa, Koolaupoko ................ 8 12 62 74 1,283 1,164 2,447

---Total ····-···-------------- 64 217 1,221 1,438 23,591 21,735 45,326

KAUAI Kawaihau ·- ················ 4 11 31 42 653 684 1,337 Hanalei -- ------------········ 4 3 16 19 265 270 535 Lihue -- -------------------····· 4 15 51 66 1,015 921 1,936 Koloa __ ··········-------------- 3 18 50 68 1,086 1,027 2,113 Waimea -- ·-.--------··-------· 5 17 46 63 1,004 971 1,975

-- -Total ····----··--···------· 20 64 194 258 4,023 3,873 7,896

.Grand Total ·····--· 184 533 2,141 2,674 43,208 40,111 83,319

22 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Automobile.Registration, Territory of Hawaii As of J unc 30th, 1935

Island 1925

15,385 3,289

Hono~~tlu, Oahu ........................................... . Hawatt ........... : ............................................... . ~Iaui ............................................................... : 3,253 Kauai ............................................................. . 2,456

TOTAL ....................................... . 24,383

Registration in Honolulu Year ending June 30, 1935

1930

26,511 5,887 5,568 3,863

41,829

Taxable Cars Number Non-Taxable

Passenger ..................................................... . Trucks ........................................................... . Tractors ......................................................... . Tow Cars ···········································-~---········ Buses ............................................................. . Miscellaneous ............................................... . Motorcycles :. . .............................................. .

27,400 4,389

70 21 43 20

332

TOTAL........................................ 32,275

362 235

8

2 7 4

618

Automobile Fees and Taxes Collected Year ending June 30, 1935

Tax Plates Containers Total

1935

32,275 7,208 6,105 4,482

50,070

Total

27,762 4,624

78 21 45 27

336

32,893

$845,355.90 $ 32,949.00 $ 1,068.25 $879,373.15

Note:-The above figures do not include cars owned by the Federal Government and used by the Army and Navy Departments.

AIR DISTANCES IN HAWAII (In Statute Miles)

All distances given below are reckoned from Honolulu.

To Hilo, Hawaii, 217 miles; to Parker Ranch, Hawaii, 173 miles; to Upolu Point, Hawaii, 153 miles; to South Point, Hawaii, 217 miles. To Lipoa Point, Maui, 85 miles; to Maalaea, Maui, 102 miles. To Lanai City, Lanai, 75 miles. To Kalaupapa, Molokai, 64 miles; to Homestead, Molokai, 60 miles. To Barking Sands, Kauai, 113 miles; to Hanapepe, Kauai, 110 miles; to Lihue Dairy, Kauai, 98 miles.

CUSTOMS STATISTICS

Import Values from United States for Fiscal Years 1934 and 1935, Year Ending June 30

23

Compiled from Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce, Bureau of Statistics

Articles

Agricultural Machinery and Apparatus ............. . Aluminum and Manufactures ............................... . Animals ........................................................................ . Animals Edible ......................................................... . Animal Oils and Fats, Edible .............................. . Automobiles and other Vehicles .......................... . Books, Maps, Pictures & Other Printed Ma~ter .. Brass and Bronze .................................................... . Clay and Clay Products ......................................... . Clocks, Watches, and Parts ................................. . Coffee, Green ............................................................. . Coffee, Roasted ......................................................... . Composition Roofing ............................................... . Copper .......................................................................... . Cotton Manufactures ............................................. . Dairy Products .......................................................... . Eggs in SheiL .......................................................... . Electrical Machinery and other Apparatus ...... . Explosives, Fuses, Etc ........................................... . Fertilizers and Fertilizer Materials ..................... . Fish .............................................................................. . Fodders and Feeds .................................................. . Fruits and Preparations ......................................... . Furs and .1\Ianufactures ................................ , ......... . Glass and Glass Products ...................................... . Grains and Preparations ......................................... . Hats and Caps ......................................................... . House and Personal Effects ................................ . Industrial Chemicals ................................................ . Industrial Chemical Specialties ............................ . Industrial Machinery ............................................... . Iron and Steel Manufactures ................................ . Lead and Manufactures .......................................... . Leather ........................................................................ . Leather Manufactures ............................................. . 1\feat Products .......................................................... .

Miscellaneous Office Supplies .............................. .

Amount

1934

$ 329,924 91,394 10,863 56,026 21,768

2,754,846 977,609 225,615 315,694

73,774 26,129

110,478 89,143

244,609 2,479,325 1,421,041

397,580 1,976,151

171,632 1,925,999

632,302 1,467,498 1,009,032

5,852 278,312

4,397,418 174,863 292.050 280,891 499,087

1,954,837 8,066,107

46,730 72,849

822,594 2,265,811

472,649 198,084

1935

288,865 92,185 32,101 69.148 31,296

3,706,265 1,277,827

181,0ll 381,922 112,374 46,885

109,790 91,336

367,264 3,028,197 1,736,922

541,681 2,669,465

177,131 1,257,324

734,297 1,726,895 1,199,807

4,949 412,996

4,845,654 177,27~ 346,341 276,829 510,080

2,171,630 8,160,099

47,709 85,463

952,089 2,997,080

483,740 203,490

Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Preparations ..... I --------~---------------------

24 HA\VAIIAN ANNUAL

Import Values from United States for 19 3 4-19 3 5-Continued

Articles

-----··---" ----···------

2\folasses and Syrups ............................................. . 2\I usical Instruments ....•............................................ Naval Stores .............................................................. .

Nuts ..... ---------·············---------···--·····-·····-··············-··········· Office Appliances ..................................................... . Other Non-MetaJiic Minerals .............................. . Paper and l\fanufactures ................. ----·-····-··········-Petroleum and Products ........................................ . Photographic and Projection Goods .................. . Pigments, Paints and. Varnishes ......................... . Rayon and other Synthetic Textiles .................. . Rubber and Manufactures ..................................... . Scientific and Professioi1al Instruments,

Apparatus and Supplies ...................................... . Silk Manufactures ................................................... . Soap and Toilet Preparations ............................... . Stone, Sand, Cement and. Lime ........................... . Sugar, Refined .......................................................... . Tobacco anu Manufactpres .................................. . Toys, Athletic and Sporting Goods ................... . Vegetables and Preparations ................... -----·-········ I Vegetables, Oils and Fats ..................................... . \Vire and Manufactures .......................................... . Wood and Manufactures ....................................... . \Vool and Manufactures ........................................ . Total Other MisceJianeous ................................... .

TOTALS ........ ---····-----·-·········-·······-····-········-··

___ __:A:.=:.:mount

1934

$ 33,898 185,941 22,427 87,587

176,979 223,346

2,183,402 6,467,408

334,153 609,319 225,038

1,190,771

122,127 468,671

1,154,723 457,747 55,637

2,335,670 255,453

1,451,693 425,421 259,531

1,788,576 442,019

7,282,411

$61,962,662

1935

$ 45,411 224,900

18,183 91,325

274,928 206,933

2,698,302 7,792,895

372,894 710,279 224,421

1,285,775

166.577 506,206

1,167,364 504,732

41,065" 2,833,988

324,384 1,623,938

488,474 276,487

1,903,682 529,369

5,035,761

$70,903,689

Shipments of Gold and Silver from Hawaii to United States Calendar Year, 1934

Gold Coin ····-····-···-··········-·······························-·-······-·-··························-············· $17,500 Silver Coin -····--···-----·-·····-················-········-··-·-··················-············-···················· 50,000

Gold and .Silver .... ---·-·····--······-··-····-·····-·-····--~---·········-····-····-················· $67,500

CUSTOMS STATISTICS 25

Value Domestic Merchandise Shipments to the United States from Hawaii for Fiscal Years 1934 and 1935

Compiled from Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce

Articles I--_____E~4---i Al':ohol ___ ---------- ______ -----·---···-· __ . ···-·-·-···-·--·-·--··--.' $ 176.218 I An1mal Products and By-Products ...... --·-·-···- 113,184 1

Beeswax ··-··-----·-·-··-···------·-·····-·--·--·····-·-----····----·--····· 5,898 1

Chemicals, Drugs, etc·----------··----·-·------·----··--···-·-···- 4,436 1

Citric Acid·--·--············-··············---·····-··--····-----···---·-- 117,044 , Coffee ......................... ____________________ ................. ____ .... __ 662,371 ' Fish, Dried and Canned........................................ 361,549 Fruits

Bananas ................................... ·-·-- ................. .. Pineapples ··----····--···----·-----------------·-·------------··-· Canned Pineapples ................................ _________ _ Preserved Fruits ........ ___ ................................. .

85,811 38,296

26,645,844 32,325

~i!f~,":~~[;~:;;J;;on' I ,:!:111 Paper and Manufactures ........................................ : 371,835 Pineapple Stock Feed ............................................ I 3031

:~!1~~::''"'':":"-d~":';' ~ I 5l:l!l;!;j '

~?~~t~r~:~?~!~~:~~~~::::::::::::·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1 2.4:r:~~~ ,---

Total Value Shipments Hawaiian Products .... ! $ 91.598,040 Returned S_hipments U. ~- Goods ...................... \ 2,393.856 Total Fore1gn ~ferchand1se .................................. i 29,182

---Total Shipments Merchandise .............. I $ 89,175,002 Gold and Silver Shipments................... 67,500

1935

$ 208,427 143,320

6,453 3,193

153,219 544,530 640,543

92,536 74,494

30,533,706 9,917

20,820 62,725

1,500 572,756

509 4,863

362,052 33,932

2,325,637

55,523,404 1,401,327

59.267 42,121

896 13,035

---$ 92,835,182

2,687,931 60,387

$ 95,583,500 10,800

26 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Domestic Products Shipped to the United States Calendar Year 1934

Courtesy of Collector of Customs

Articles Unit of Quantity Quantity

AlcohoL.................................................. gallons......... 365,668 Bananas-------···············--·-----·-···-················ bunches........ 89,640 Citric Acid............................................... pounds.......... 505,068 Coffee........................................................ pounds.......... 5,467,715 Fish, Canned, Etc................................. pounds.......... 2,873,788 Fruits, Other.......................................... pounds......... 94,451 Hides and Skins.................................... pounds.......... 1,472,811 Molasses................................................... gallons.......... 18,872,887 Paper and Manufactures..................... pounds.......... 11,408,036 Pineapples, Canned.............................. pounds.......... 540,935,612 Pineapples, Fresh................................. boxes............ 30,416 Sugar, Raw............................................. pounds ......... 1,807,336,739 Sugar, Refined....................................... pounds .......... , 31,485,001 Other Articles ........................................ . U. S. Goods Returned ........................ .

Total ......................................... .

Dollars

$ 182,873 89,287

122,354 642,962 542,853 20,962 93,930

404,318 375,841

34,156,106 45,497

53,423,919 1,436,190

341,226 2,575,140

$94,453,458

Total Values of Imports and Exports of Merchandise by Countries, Calendar Year 1934

Courtesy of Collector of Customs -------------------~------------~--------~-------

Countries

Argentina ............................................................................. . Australia .............................................................................. . Belgium ............................................................................... . British India ..................................................................... . British Malaya .................................................................. . Canada .................................................................................. . China ................................................................................... .. Chile .......................................................... _ .......................... . France .... ---···············--·--··············-··-'·············-·--··---·--··········--· French Oc"eania ................................................................. . Germany .............................................................................. . Hong Kong ....................................................................... . J apan ....................................................................... c ...........•• K wan tung ............................................................................ . Nether lands ................................. _ ...................................... . New Zealand ..................................................................... . Norway ................................................................................. . Philippine Islands ............................................................ . Sweden ................................................................................. . United Kingdom ............................................................... . Uruguay ............................................................................... . Other Countries ............................................................... .

Totals ............................................................... _ ........ .

Imports

$ 9,803 30,829 35,490

1,020,801 50,148

778,219 135,626 442,657 50,526 13,000

290,479 350,765

2,044,290 11,780 87,149 65,817 22,101

215,518 8,602

78,547 7,472

12,305

$5,761,924

Shipments fron-1 the United States to Hawaii ............................... . Imports from Foreign Countries ............ ----··········-·--········-----······-····

Total. ................................ -------·-···········---··-·····-·--·--------------------------Shipments to the United States from Hawaii ...................... _______ _ Exports to Foreign Countries-----········-·-················-··-------··········-·--·-

Total ........................................................................... .

Commerce

Exports

$ 15,913

678 2,012

65,001 29,541

430

469,639 55,318

7,849 11,640 7,330

7 265,665 53,672

306,545

25,120

$1,316,360

$ 63,472,682 5,761,924

$ 69,234,606

$ 94,513,699 1,316,360

$ 95,830,059

$165,064,665

CUSTOMS STATISTICS 27

Hawaiian Sugar Export Statistics By Calendar Years -- ---

Sugar l\Iolasscs Total Year Export

Pounds Value Gallons Value Value - -

1927* ---------------------- 1,563,071,332 69.827,821 13,867,665 569,946 70,392,067 1928* ---------------------- 1,757,366,472 80,035,826 21,485,888 900,631 80,936,457 1929* ---------------------- 1,764,856,039 61,914,504 28,369,599 1,016,299 62,930,803 1930* --------······-·····-· 1,731,574,640 55,233,469 30,359,226 1,330,378 56,563,847 1931 * -----·········--····-· 1,935,929,000 57,119,164 26,959,516 1,163,669 58,282,833 19 32* --·-·····-····-·-·-··· 2,041,866,899 57,588,502 11,167,407 318,303 57,906,805 1933* -----········-······-· 2,075,908,403 65,495,134 7,604,230 201,022 65,696,136 1934* ·······-···········--- 1,838,822,000 54,860,109 18,872,887 404,318 55,264,427

Hawaii's Annual Trade Balance

Year Imports Exports Excess Export Values

Custom House

Receipts

1927* ·········-···--·-···--·-············-------· 1928* ·-·····-·············-········-·········-··-1929* ·····-····-···-········-·-·················-1930* ·········-····-········----·-···-··-·······-1931 * ----····-···-····-·····-···-···············-1932* ·-·····-·--····--···----·······--··········-1933* -······················· ·················-··

89,037,480 88,184,853 92,414,934 91,213,049 82,392,386 63,556,022 63,127,987 69,234,606

111,504,045 119,479,835 108,439' 103 105,915,733 106,098,975 83,448,296 94,317,696 95,830,059

22,466,565 31,294,982 16,024,169 9,702,734

23,706,589 19,892,274 31,189,709 26,595,453

1,881,787 2,036,681 1,881,262 1,908,632 1,572,732 1,572,732 1,408,871 1,471,401 1934* ........................................... .

Receipts, Expenditures and Public Debt of Hawaii From Official Reports

Year Revenue Expenditures Cash Balance Public Debt In Treasury

1928 ............................ 10,405,773.41 12,708,585.21 2,485,744.05 28,585,000.00 1929 ............................ 11,749,009.26 12,924,533.84 2,186,657.39 29,760,000.00 1930 ............................ 12,359,805.37 12,685,352.71 8,910,220.86 31,705,000.00 1931 ........ -------------------- 13,594,170.49 12,853,753.23 8,022,391.43 32,000,000.00 1932 ....... --------------------- 13,234,870.72 13,105,247.92 4,699,773.08 32,405,000.00 1933 ........ -------------------- 11,109,180.49 11,755,210.30 3,295,676.49 32,232,000.00 1934 ............................ 10,935,842.65 10,832,471.48 3,598,870.49 32,075,000.00 1935 ..................... -------- 13,128,780.92 11,714,841.75 4,854,300.81 31,753,000.00

Growth of Bank Deposits, Territory of Hawaii

Fiscal Year No. Commercial Banks Deposits

----1927 ....... --------------------------- 29 47,922,072.00 1928.--------------------------------- 31 48,931,629.35 1929 ........ -------------------------- 21 43,611,426.60 1930 ... _______________________________ 29 46,232,391.03 1931---------------------------------- 29 42,217,616.83 1932---------------------------------- 31 38,653,331.79 1933 ...... ---------------------------- 31 38,303,127.06 1934 .... ------------------------------ 30 40,869,840.08 1935 .................................. 31 46,743,557.25

* Calendar year.

Savings Deposits

-------27,102,220.00 31,278,434.34 35,424,194.59 33,942.357.47 41,657,979.74 35,030,829.73 36,032,334.45 35,082,104.56 37,159,776.16

-- -·--

Total --

75,024,292.0 80,210,063.6 79,038,619.2 80,174,748.5 83,805,596.5 73,684,161.5 74,335,461.5 75,951,944.6 83,903,334.4

0 9 5 0 7 2 1 4 1

28 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Summary of Insurance Business, Territory of Hawaii for 1934 From Treasurer's Report

Class Insurance Premiums Losses Loss Written Paid Ratio

Fire .................................. $132,050,997.87 $1,500,008.85 $ 66,633.22 4.44 Marine ............................. 127,173,016.00 322,356.55 14,569.39 4.51 Life .................................. 17,442,592.00 4,570,150.46 1,393,338.04 30.48 Accident & Health ........ 143,871.14 54,072.35 37.58 Automobile .................... 697,518.18 266,333.29 38.18 Burglary & Theft ......... 27,060.75 1,609.96 5.94 Fidelity & Surety .......... 218,350.37 180,020.63 82.44 Plate Glass ..................... 8,216.12 1,970.16 23.97 Property Damage

other than Auto ......... 3,360.45 29.75 .88 Workmen's Comp'n ..... 397,828.75 198.480.98 49.89 Others ............................. 98,991.36 6,939.06 7.00 ---· --------

Total-1934 ............ $276,666,605.87 $7,987,712.97 $2,1d3,996.S3 27.34 Total-1933 ............ 282,476,038.00 7,182,374.64 2,148,601.60 29.91

----------- ---Increase-1934 ...... $ 805,338.33 Decrease-1934 ..... $ 5.800,432.13 $ 35,395.23

Customs Receipts, Fiscal Year, ending June 3 0, 19 3 5

Total Customs Receipts............................................ $1,640,406.71 Total Other Treasury Receipts................................ 43,450.82

Total Treasury Receipts................................ $1,683,857.53 Total Commerce Receipts

(including tonnage tax).......................... 61,048.77 Total Labor Receipts

(including head tax)................................ 14,088.00

Total Receipts from all sources.... $1,758,994.30

Taxes Collected for Fiscal Year 1935 From Treasurer's Report

Real Property ........................................................................................... . Personal Property ................................................................................... . Personal ...................................................................................................... . IllCOllle ........................................................................................................ .

Business Excise ....................................................................................... . Utilities Excise ........................................................................................ .

· Banks Excise ............................................................ : .............................. . Penalties, Costs', I ntercst ...................................................................... . Inheritance ....................................... : ........................................................ .

$ 5,291,907.54 2,699,508.99

486,178.29 1,189,353.60 2,297,574.49

683,757.35 43,500.31 44,907,10

146,138.69 Insurance .................................................................................................... . Unemployn1ent.. ....................................................................................... .

141,184.54 496,476.93

TotaL......................................................................................... $13,520,487.74

Month

CUSTOMS STATISTICS

Arrivals and Departures of Shipping (Not Including Inter-Island Ships)

For the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1935

\ Honolulu

Steam Sail -------

29

Hilo

Vessels

No. Tons No. Tons No. Tons ----- ----- --- ---

····---------------------------· usL ........................

tember ....................

"'"'

July Aug Sep

..., Oct

n~ ""' Feb ~Mar .....

1

Apr

ober ........................ ember .................... ember ..................... ary ........................

ruary ...................... ch ........................... iL .... ________________________

-------------------------------May Jun e----·---------------·---·------

148 160,191 173 175,988 147 152,378 123 138,195 96 120,039 91 120,739 75 121,377 72 108,894 74 111,609 85 112,666 85 125,666 87 117,474

18 111,520 22 126,143

1 1,527 15 90,723 10 71,091 11 79,132

1 1,527 9 67,311 IS 98,824 13 99,796 24 142,668 15 133,498

1 1,603 20 142,269 19 119,226

--------- ----- --- ------~ --- ----- -- ---T 1

1,565,118 1,546,900

3 5

4,657 191 1,282,201 7,711 176 1,246,853

ot,IL ..................

1

1256

:~4--~~~~~-~~-~-~~~~~-- 1~~~ -- --Increas *18,218 t2 I t3,054 *15 * 35,348

Kahului, Maui, reports 157 vessels of 1,054,213 tons, an increase of 4 vessels and 38,451 tons over 1934.

Ahukini, Kauai, report~ 30 vessels of 89,192 tons a decrease of 4 vessels and 10,976 tons. N awiliwili, 18 vessels and 103,717 tons, an increase of 4 vessels and 28,071 tons. Port Allen, Kauai, 96 vessels of 596,421 tons, a decrease of 9 vessels and 30,984 tons.

Domestic Products Exported to Foreign Countries Calendar Year 1934

Courtesy of Collector of Customs

Articles Unit of Quantity

Coffee, Raw ............................................. pounds ...... .. Coffee, Roasted ..................................... pounds ...... .. Fibre Insulating Board ......................... sq. ft.. ......... . Pineapples, Canned ------------------------------- pounds ....... . Machinery, Sugar ........ ____________________________ _ .Molasses------------------------------------------------------ gallons ....... . Other Articles ........................................ .

Quantity

1,315,369 3,218

1,137,187 4,167,827

4,996,667

Dollars

$ 183,832 985

24,784 260,175 98,855

457,300 101;204

I--------1--------1-------TotaL ...................................... .

Export Value of Pineapple Products By Calendar Years

1932 1933 ----------- ----

Fresh Pineapples .................... $ 153,306 $ 54,250 Canned Pineapples ................. 20,792,053 23,925,007 Pineapple AlcohoL ................ 152,321 114,023 Pineapple Stock Feed ........... 18,864 7,506 Pineapple Sirup ... ____________________ 2,066 Pineapple Juice ........................ 1,182

TotaL ............................. $21,116,544 $24,104,034

$ 1,127,135

1934 --------

$ 45,497 34,156,106

182,873 8,008

12,022 115,972

------$34,520,478

30

-

HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Building Construction Values, Honolulu Compiled from Building Inspector's Reports

Total All Bldgs.

Year New New Misc. and Dwellings Business Repairs

1923 ...................... 3,053,302 1,519,592 1,292,964 1924 ...................... 3,339,995 1,487,325 583,872 1925* ·-·-······-·-······- 5,095,877 1,698,759 886,919 1926... ................... 3,450,077 1,728,641 553,883 1927 ........... ----·----·- 3,771,789 2,179,240 446,326 1928.._ ................... 3,777,261 2,241,944 731,281 1929 ...................... 3,626,291 2,770,882 856,869 1930 ...................... 2,203,152 1,268,821 2,449,442 1931 ...................... 2,055,522 807,646 759,272 19 32... ................... 1,296,077 651,195 475.608 1933 ...................... 843,564 147,667 417,071 1934 ...................... 735,310 268,721 712,869

* Garages not included in cost.

Hawaiian Corporations, 19 3 5 From Treasurer's Report

Before 1898 After 1898 Class

No. Capital No. Capital ·---

AgriculturaL ............. 27 $ 47,675,000 25 $ 72,283,100 Mercantile .................... 27 45,075,000 756 132,911,243 Railroad ........................ 3 6,7.00,000 3 4,874,960 Street Car and

Transportation ........ 2 3,035,000 5 336,450 Steamship .................... 1 6,500,000 Banks ............................ 1 1,650,000 9 3,500,000 Savings & Loan ......... 1 50,000 3 4,910,000 Trust ............................. 1 1,750,000 12 4,950,000 Mortgage and

InvestmenL ............. 2 1,152,000 73 14,936,900 Insurance ............ ·-·---·-- 3 750,000 Eleemosynary ............. 34 336 Air Transportation. ___ 1 500,000

Totals .................... 99 $113,587,000 1226 $239,952,653

Per-mits Values ~ ----3,239 5,865,858 3,783 5,411,192 4,078 7,681,555 3,521 5,732,601 3,637 6,397,363 3,808 6,750,486 3,577 7,254,042 2,402 6,786,222 2,176 3,622,440 2,137 2,422,881 2,035 1,408,302 1,881 1,716,900

---~--

-Totals

No. Capital ·---

52 $119,958,100 783 177,986,243

6 11,574,960

7 3,371,450 1 6,500,000

10 5,150,000 4 4,960,000

13 6,700,000

75 16,088,900 3 750,000

370 1 500,000

1,325 $353,539,653

Net Assessed Values Real Property for 1935, by Taxation Divisions from Treasurer's Report

First Division, City and County of Honolulu.................................. $108,112,450 Second Division, County of Maui........................................................ 17,727,631 Third Division, County of Hawaii...................................................... 20,597,526 Fourth Division, County of Kauai...................................................... 12,485,622

Total for Territory........................................................................ $158,923,229

TAX STATISTICS 31

Gross Assessments of Real and Personal Property, by Years, Since Organization of Territorial Government

Year

1901----------------------------------------1902 .... ___________________________________ _

1903-----------------------------------·----1904 _______________________________________ _ 1905 _______________________________________ _ 1906 _______________________________________ _

1907----------------------------------------1908 ..... __________________________________ _ 1909 _______________________________________ _ 1910 _______________________________________ _

1911----------------------------------------1912 _______________________________________ _

1913----------------------------------------1914 _______________________________________ _

1915----------------------------------------1916 ..... __________________________________ _ 1917 _______________________________________ _ 1918 _______________________________________ _ 1919 _______________________________________ _ 1920 _______________________________________ _

1921----------------------------------------1922 _______________________________________ _

1923----------------------------------------1924 _______________________________________ _ 1925 _______________________________________ _ 1926 _______________________________________ _ 1927 _______________________________________ _ 1928 _______________________________________ _ 1929 _______________________________________ _ 1930 _______________________________________ _

1931----------------------------------------1932 _______________________________________ _ 1933 _______________________________________ _

1934----------------------------------------1935 _______________________________________ _

Real Property

$ 58,547,890 60,591,587 66,137,075 63,516,979 67,509,036 66,908,337 64,001,609 66,936,032 68,440,615 75,792,523 77,887,826 90,889,057 93,853,819 91,050,895 99,186,323

113,922.014 129,340,001 134,543,320 139.893,251 155,238,071 160,460,493 158,695,753 172,965,016 212,871,428 229,715,291 254,789,192 272,090,635 258,924,338 279,668,732 283,857,048 259,934,617 215,309,471 ' 259,810,375 294,008,586 298,761,791

Personal Property

$ 62,625,038 62,319,216 63,675,607 60,381,525 66,415,064 64,266,678 66,149,614 65,354,150 70,470,205 74,475,944 76,696,206 85,945,744 81,347,351 70,136,331 77,414,899 93,048,215

102,580,918 101,107,647 110,631,095 131,768,721 126,097,039 112,966,729 122,449,954 144,130,652 131,117,604 137,992,951 141,973,968 131,634,153 135,303,324 133,242,343 130,649,093 113,375,534

101,553,311 84,804,021

Total

$121,172,928 122,910,803 129,812,682 123,898,504 133,924,100 131,175,015 131,051,223 132,290,182 138,910,820 150,268,467 154,584,032 176,834,801 175,201,161 161,187,226 176,601,222 206,970,229 231,920,919 235,650,967 250,524,346 287,006,792 286,557,532 271,662,484 295,414,970 357,002,080 360,832,895 392,782,143 414,064,603 390,558,491 414,972,056 417,099,391 390,583,710 328,685,005 259,810,375 395,561,897. 383,565,812

32 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Cost of Assessing and Collecting Taxes, Years Ended--June 3 0 ':'

Fiscal Year

1901 ............ --------------------------------1902 ........................................... .

1903 ............ -------------------------------- ~ 1904 ........................................... .

1905 ............ --------------------------------1906 ........................................... . 1907 ........................................... . 1908_ _________________________________________ .

1909 ............ --------------------------------1910 ........................................... .

1911 ........ ------------------------------------1912 ___________________________________________ _

1913 ............ --------------------------------1914 ........................................... .

1915 ........ ------------------------------------1916 ........................................... .

1917 .... ----------------------------------------1918 ........................................... . 1919 ................................ ------------1920 .......................•.................... 1921 ........................................... . 1922 ___________________________________________ _

1923 ........................................... . 1924 ........................................... . 1925 ........................................... . 1926 ___________________________________________ _ 1927 .. _________________________________________ _

1928 ........................................... .

1929 ........ ------------------------------------1930 ........................................... .

1931 ........ ------------------------------------1932 ........................................... . 1933 ........................................... . 1934 ........................................... . 1935 .... ----------------------------------------

Actual Cost

$ 54,996.06 63,300.33 70,194.46 71,362.16 59,665.71 73,350.92 66,711.41 67,160.18 62,768.42 65,532.11 63,516.59 73,520.67 78,086.02 81,352.68 89,789.99 85,480.08 92,719.92 94,111.55

111,161.07 107,525.69 125,985.81 153,552.72 219,881.08 239,564.24 246,250.00 286,707.66 280,410.00 324,672.78 282,092.83 327,568.31 313,482.88 371,101.50 318,248.86 272,523.23 304,749.55

*Percentage of Amount Collected

4.52 3.81 4.25 4.24 3.66 2.83 3.78 3.64 3.08 2.56 2.44 2.48 2.44 2.86 2.97 2.29 2.12 1.84 1.96 1.54 1.30 1.58 2.41 2.12 2.00 2.26 2.04 2.23 1.88 2.06 1.97 2.59 2.87 2.46 2.30

*Not including inheritance and insurance taxes.

TAX STATISTICS 33

Tax Rates

First Second Third Fourth Yc;.r DiYi!"iion Division Division Division

City & County Counties of l\Iaui County County uf Honolulu and l\lolokai of Hawaii of Kauai

-· -- ·--1912... ..................... 1.10 1.15 1.18 1.16 1913 ........................ 1.110 1.10 1.23 1.16 1914 ........................ 1.17 1.29 1.38 1.26 1915 ........................ 1.260 1.44 1.52y,( 1.380 1916 ........................ 1.273 1.332 1.42 1.415 1917 ........ ---············· 1.21 1.26 1.30 1.35 1918 ..... ___ ... _____________ 1.83 1.50 1.865 1.81 1919 ........................ 1.83 1.74 1.83 1.788 1920 ........................ 2.29 2.11 2.264 2.364 1921 ........ ---·---·-······· 2.57 2.94 2.74 2.90 1922 ........................ 2.89 3.16 3.25 3.02 1923 ........................ 3.067 3.274 3.488 3.265 1924 ........................ 2.747 2.804 2.792 2.468 1925 ..................... --. 2.796 2,966 3.127 2.703 1926 ........................ 3.337 3.390 3.511 2.950 1927 ........................ 3.497 3.491 3.793 3.225 1928 ........................ 3.526 3.712 4.136 3.359 1929 ........................ 3.769 3.764 4.317 3.430 1930 ........................ 3.794 3.722 4.308 3.481 1931 ........................ 4.003 3.935 4.341 3.631 1932 ........................ 4.011 4.099 4.558 3.487 1933 ........................ 2.887 3.633 4.008 2.487 1934 ........................ 3.026 3.933 4.501 2.915 1935 ........................ 2.994 4.106 4.758 3.602

Assessed Values Real and Personal Property for 1935 by Taxation Divisions

Taxation Divisions p Real Personal Total roperty Property

------------------------j First, City & County of Honolulu $23 2,681,304 $ 38,909,562 $271,590,866 Second, County of :Maui................ 2 2,010,540 16,372,075 38,382,615 Third, County of Hawaii.............. 2 8,552,889 17,304,012 45,856,901 Fourth, County of Kauai______________ 1 5,517,058 12,218,372 27,735,430

Total for Territory................ $29 8,761,791 $ 84,804,021 $383,563,812 ------------------------------

34 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

POST OFFICE STATISTICS

Courtesy of Post Office Department

Value of International Money Orders

Year Issued at Paid at Honolulu Honolulu

$ 98,894.37 $ 21,346.41 87,190.81 23,365.11

1930 ........................................................ .. 1931 ........................................................ .. 1932 ........................................................ .. 82,034.50 15,445.03 1933 ......................................................... . 64,816.71 5,042.06 1934 ........................................................ .. 60,736.05 7,040.53 1935 ........................................................ .. 66,225.93 1,588,121.35

Value of Domestic Money Orders

Year

1930 .................................................................. .. 1931 ................................................................... . 1932 ........................................................ , ......... .. 1933 ................................................................... . 1934 .................................................................. .. 1935 .................................................................. ..

Issued at Honolulu

$1,502,932.38 1,657,054.43 1,713,103.12 1,756,427.27 1,746,555.13 2,036,016.26

Certified to Japan by Honolulu

$294,273.65 300,377.75

. 272,071.38 215,719.12 197,351.28 216,125.34

Paid at Honolulu

$1,628,276.77 1,617,389.07 1,601,655.86 1,461,938.96 1,533,213.20 1,588,121.25

Number of Articles Registered and Insured and Sent C. 0. D. at Honolulu

No. Pes. No. Pes. Year Registered No. Pes. Insured Sent C.O.D.

1930 ....................................................... . 1931 ...................................................... .. 1932 ....................................................... . 1933 ..................................................... .. 1934 ...................................................... .. 1935 ....................................................... .

$ 99,546 91,926 90,081 67,274 95,763 65,229

$ 138,139 128,958 116,402 94,915 87,995 98,646

POPULATION TOWNS AND VILLAGES, 1930

Hawaii: Hilo, 19,468; Honokaa, 1,069. Maui: Wailuku, 6,996; Kahului, 2,353; Lahaina, 2,730. Oahu: Waipahu, 5,874; Wahiawa, 3,370; Waialua, 4,511.

$ 18.729 17,425 31,668 49,334 42,827 43,343

Kauai: Lihue, 2,399; Koloa, 1,844; Waimea, 2,091; Kapaa, 2,818.

--------------------~~m% M""' < • ~·"- ."c... c.-

Summary of Meteorological Observations, Honolulu, 1934-1935 Compiled from U. S. Weather Bureau Records, by ]. F. Voorhees, :Meteorologist

(Continued from preceding Annuals)

MEAN MEAN EXTREME

MEAN RELATIVE TEM· BAROMETER HUMIDITY PERATURE TEMPERATURE

TOTAL - .. -~10NTH RAIN-FALL llr ean ~lean Mean

cla.m. 8 p.m. 8 a.m. 8 p.m. Max. Mi::1. :Maxi- Mini- of Max. mum mum &Min.

--- --- --- --- ____.J --- --- ---· --- ---I July .......................... 30.04 30.02 0.38 71 72 85 71 83.0 73.9 78.4 August.. .................. 30.02 30.00 0.94 72 73 87 ' 72 83.9 75.2 79.6

"'<1' September .............. 29.98 29.98 2.82 72 73 87 71 83.7 74.4 79.0 ~ October ................... 30.01 30.00 1.61 73 76 87 70 82.7 73.5 78.1 1 November ............... 30.02 30.01 2.49 76 78 85 67 80.5 72.1 76.3

December ............... 30.01 30.00 2.48 78 79 83 66 79.5 70.3 74.9 January ................... 29.93 29.92 3.94 78 79 79 61 76.3 66.1 71.2

"' February ................. 30.09 30.08 7.47 73 77 82 63 76.4 66.9 71.6 ;; March ..................... 29.99 29.98 2.94 77 77 81 60 76.8 66.9 71.8 1 ApriL. ..................... 30.07 30.05 0.25 67 69 80 65 76.8 68.2 72.5

May ......................... 30.07 30.06 0.22 67 72 83 67 80.4 71.3 75.8 June ......................... 30.04 30.02 0.31 69 72 85 69 82.0 72.7 77.4

----- --- -- -- -- -- ____.J --- --- ---Year ............. 30.02 30.01 25.85 73 75 87 60 80.2 71.0 75.6

---------------------

Mean I Daily

Cloudi-ness

~

3.9 5.0 4.9 3.9 4.7 4.1 5.2 4.5 6.3 4.3 4.6 4.3

---4.6

Aver· rage

Hourly Wind Veloc-

ity

---9.4 8.5 8.6 9.1 9.1 8.7

11.2 9.5 7.9

11.5 9.4 9.6

---9.4

:::0 > ....... z '"I1 > t"' t"' >-j

> td t"' tii

w tTl

36 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Table of Rainfall, Principal Stations Compiled from ·weather Bureau Reports

1934 Stations Observer -------

July Aug. Sept. Oct. -- --~ -- -- --

Hawaii Hakalau ..................... Hak. Sug. Co .............. 8.96 6.03 13.13 18.91 Hilo (town) .............. C. E. Martin ................ 8.53 7.17 13.01 16.77 Honokaa .................... Hon. Sug. Co .............. 2.93 1.61 4.56 5.72 Huehue ...................... A. J. Stillman ............. 5.52 4.59 8.29 3.62 Kaumana ................... J. E. Gamalielson ....... 9.14 7.19 14.20 15.49 Kealakekua ................ Robt. Wallace ............ . 11.68 11.16 16.58 6.16 Kohala Mission ........ :t-.fiss C. S. Bond ......... 3.40 3.39 5.12 2.82 Kukaiau MilL. ......... Hamakua Mill Co ...... 3.63 2.22 6.60 7.22 Mahukona ................. Thos. Awai... .............. 0.22 1.46 1.88 0.55 Naalehu ..................... Hutch. Pin. Co ........... 1.52 2.84 4.55 4.85 Olaa (17 miles) ........ Olaa Sug. Co .............. 13.78 8.94 16.04 14.80 Ookala ....................... Kaiwiki Sug. Co ......... 6.44 4.03 9.19 9.14 Paauhau MilL. ......... Paauhau Sug. Co ....... 4.02 0.76 4.82 6.73 Pahala ........................ Haw. Agrl. Co ............ 1.34 2.58 2.13 2.94 Pepeekeo ................... Pepeekeo S. Co .......... 8.37 6.00 11.07 15.43 Puakea Ranch .......... R. L. Hind .................. Volcano Obs ............. T. A. Jaggar. Jr. ......... 5.67 2.38 9.41 5.90 Waiakea MilL ......... Waiakea MilL ........... 7.67 7.89 11.22 16.59 Waimea ..................... Frank Pinho ............... 1.01 5.62 2.20 2.06

Maui Haiku ......................... Libby, MeN. & L.. .... 3.79 1.89 5.04 5.77 Haleakala Ranch ..... Hal. Ranch Co ........... 0.92 1.39 2.27 1.37 Hana .......................... Kaeleku Sug. Co ........ 5.08 3.39 5.49 7.54 Keanae Valley .......... J. H. Foss .................... 18.47 8.37 13.74 14.19 Kula (Erehwon) ...... Mrs. von Tempsky .... 5.28 4.26 3.09 2.35 Puuomald .................

1

Libby, i\fcN. & L. ..... 3.97 2.52 2.53 3.92 Wailuku ..................... Bro. Raymond ........... 0.20 0.17 0.81 1.96 Lanai (city) ............. Haw. Pine. Co ........... 0.48 4.72 5.42 3.75

Molokai Hoolehua ................... M. K. :t-.fakekau ........ 0.35 1.33 2.23 3.06 Kalaupapa ................. Bro. Haagen .............. 1.42 1.24 1.80 4.43

Oahu Aiea ............................. Hon. Pin. Co ............ 0.46 1.44 5.81 2.62 Ewa Plantation ........ J. A. Hattie ................. 0.73 0.58 1.95 0.65 Honolulu ................... U. S.Weather Bur ..... 0.38 0.94 2.82 1.61 Kahuku ...................... R. Christoffersen ....... 1.85 1.73 5.10 4.32 Luakaha (Lower) ... B. of W. Supply ......... 9.42 7.82 17.03 7.26 Manoa Valley ........... Miss C. HalL ............. 3.10 4.45 7.54 3.60 Maunawili... .............. John Herd ................... 4.72 5.57 9.71 8.47 Pearl Harbor N. s Dept. Pub. Wks ....... 3.09 2.56 0.70 Schofield Bks ........... Met'! Sta., U.S.A ........ 1.14 2.49 4.21 2.30 Tantalus ..................... w. F. Frear ............... 7.86 5.31 13.35 6.47 Waialua MilL. ......... Waialua Agr. Co ........ 1.67 0.94 1.83 1.12 Waianae ..................... vVaianae Co ............... 0.68 0.50 1.77 0.89 \Vannatu ............ _ ...... Hon. Pin. Co .............. 0.60 0.72 4.59 2.40 \Vaimanalo ............... Waimanalo Sug. Co .. 0.75 3.53 2.50 4.01

Kauai Eleele ......................... McBryde Sug. Co ...... 1.20 0.27 2.53 2.45 Grove Farm .............. G. N. Wilcox .............. 2.17 2.06 4.66 4.84 Kealia ........................ Makee Sug. Co ........... 2.50 0.72 4.20 3.55 Kilauea ...................... Kilauea Sug. Co ......... 5.57 2.40 8.16 6.53 Kukuiula ................... F. S. Christian ............ 1.74 1.55 4.94 3.79 Waiawa ..................... E. A. Knudsen ........... 1.05 0.40

Nov. ---

14.26 12.42 4.29 2.07

13.81 4.83 7.43 6.82 0.35 4.69

14.28 11.03 3.78 4.18

13.17

6.75 11.41 2.99

7.35 6.19 6.07

28.02 0.12

10.11 1.76 2.20

6.13 9.27

1.79 3.32 2.49 2.91

17.06 6.82 7.94 0.73 2.97

12.19 3.22 2.27 1.37 2.69

2.22 3.68 1.93 6.40 3.78

Dec -

9.6 19.1 2.7 1.5

16.6

8 1 7 1 0 5 9 5 9 2 4 7 7 6 2

3.4 2.9 4.6 1.6 5.4

16.5 6.3 2.9 4.0 9.7

12.5 15.1 0.6

5.1 2.4 9.1

16.9 1.0 5.2 0.6 1.8

2.0

2 1 7

2 5 4 8 0 5 2 0

3.7 0 9

5.1 1.5

4 5

2.48 2.75

12.0 0 4.63 6.65 5.01 3.8 4 7.26 1.60 0.89 4.46 2.21

1.55 3.40 3.48 5.79 3.59

RAINFALL TABLE

Throughout the Hawaiian Islands, 1934-1935 ]. F. Voorhees, Meteorologist-Continued from last Annual

Stations Feet El v.

Hawaii Hakalau.................................. 20 Hilo (town)--·-······-·····- ·-·---·-- 4 Honokaa ................ -----··-····-···· 46 Huehue................................... 202 Kaumana................................ 50 Kealakekua .......................... _ 145 Kohala Mission..................... 53 Kukaiau ~Iii!......................... 26

0 0 1 0 0 0 7 0

Mahukona ............................. . 11 Naalehu.................................. 65 Olaa (17 miles)...................... 153 Ookala.................................... 40 Paauhau MilL....................... 40 Pahala..................................... 85 Pepeekeo................................ 10 Puakea Ranch....................... 60 Volcano Obs.......................... 398 Waiakea MilL....................... 5 Waimea.................................. 270

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0

0 Maui

Haiku...................................... 53 Haleakala Ranch.................. 200 0 Hana........................................ 20 Keanae Valley....................... 100 Kula (Erehwon)................... 400 Puuomalei.............................. 148 Wailuku.................................. 20 Lanai (city)-·--·-·-··-···-·······-··· 162

Molokai Hoolehua................................ 20 Kalaupapa.............................. 5

Oahu Aiea ............... ·-·····--··-···-······-··· 11 Ewa Plantation..................... 5 Honolulu................................ 8 Kahuku................................... 2

0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0

0 0 1 5

Luakaha (Lower)................ 88 1 Manoa Valley........................ 21 Maunawili.............................. 25 Pearl Harbor N. S............. 5 Schofield Bks......................... 86 Tantalus.................................. 136 Waialua MilL........................ 3 Waianae ................................. . Waimalu................................. 20 vVaimanalo .......................... _ 2

Kauai Eleele...................................... 15 Grove Farm........................... 20 Kealia...................................... 1 Kilauea................................... 34 K ukuiula................................ 10

0 0 0 4 0 0 6 0 5

0 0 41

~I Waiawa.................................. 35

Jan. Feb. -- -~

10.90 26.13 10.41 23.16

4.34 11.29 2.83 1.41 9.11 24.73 5.14 1.20 4.49 7.06 6.66 22.22 2.00 1.02 7.30 2.33

13.79 25.71 7.12 24.99 3.82 11.80 3.73 2.17

10.58 21.36

10.29 8.56 8.39 26.46 7.0J 3.16

8.12 6.66 10.82 13.13 8.76 13.34

13.82 37.52 10.45 1.52 12.18 14.34 2.31 2.44 4.42 0.92

4.09 3.83 6.62 4.84

6.78 10.09 5.02 4.71 3.94 7.47 4.16 6.23

12.25 22.70 8.37 12.07

13.93 7.23 5.85 5.84 7.53 11.48

12.63 17.06 4.96 12.86 3.23 2.56 5.33 12.29 9.18 2.82

3.65 5.25 3.22 4.64 3.80 4.02 3.96 4.81 4.07 4.49

1935

Mar. Apr. May June -- ~ -- --7.14 15.85 4.81 9.58

11.09 12.97 4.88 7.14 4.27 7.05 3.93 2.21 5.41 1.65 3.86 1.77

11.76 15.23 6.18 7.12 2.35 5.22 7.66 6.10 2.82 6.25 3.42 4.17 5.34 10.39 4.34 3.45 0.70 0.00 0.59 0.16

11.99 3.68 2.02 4.02 14.80 20.68 6.95 9.30 9.80 14.72 3.81 6.22 3.70 8.39 4.56 2.46

16.46 2.95 1.54 2.19 12.18 9.98 4.67 5.74

18.02 9.60 3.13 3.07 9.89 11.14 4.66 6.79 4.90 5.12 2.26 1.05

8.53 4.58 4.54 7.24 5.39 1.31 0.61 0.40 8.51 2.62 4.33 5.16

11.54 27.68 10.44 16.01 4.54 0.44 1.65 0.99 5.52 7.81 2.97 4.58 4.62 0.78 0.82 0.74 5.63 0.30 1.56 2.02

5.18 1.39 4.74 9.26 2.52 2.06 5.27

3.32 0.56 0.65 0.98 2.33 0.13 0.03 0.13 2.94 0.25 0.22 0.31 3.68 0.71 1.78 1.25 8.76 7.16 5.86 7.96 4.54 2.54 1.80 2.46 8.68 2.72 6.27 6.58 4.40 0.35 0.13 0.05 3.46 1.66 1.37 1.56 7.55 4.85 3.71 5.41 4.18 0.53 0.35 0.53 2.83 0.00 0.12 0.17 4.88 0.69 0.73 0.69 5.14 0.70 0.46 2.58

2.94 0.78 0.13 1.03 7.11 2.19 1.39 4.12 5.04 1.23 1.69 1.79 5.09 2.10 1.90 4.15 4.34 1.29 0.83 1.70

37

Year --145.38 146.39 54.97 39.53

150.56 81.53 53.36 83.54 10.62 55.21

175.61 112.86

57.81 46.27

128.27

95.30 137.22 38.07

68.63 46.25 79.43

216.78 35.69 75.70 17.23 33.22

52.52

39.64 21.13 25.85 36.47

135.28 61.92 88.47

44.01 103.65 33.79 15.91 38.75 37.47

24.00 43.48 33.95 56.86 36.11

38 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

KNOW HAWAII

The vade mecum of this land we live in is

the Hawaiian Annual. Beginning in 1875, its

issues have presented a fund of facts and

figures of research and progress that early

won it recognition as the reliable reference

book of information pertaining to Hawaii,

statistical and otherwise, being specially de­

signed to meet intelligent inquiry.

Its historic value causes steady demand for

back issues, as also for as full sets as may

be obtainable, or from certain years, orders

for which should be sent to the publisher, The

Printshop Company, Limited, successor to

Thos. G. Thrum, 821 Alakea St., Honolulu,

T. H.

Current issues may be had at all local book­

stores at $1.00, plus postage on mail orders.

HP:WAII AND ITS TWENTY~FIVE YEARS OF AVIATION

Bv STANLEY C. KENNEDY

President, Inter-Island Airways, Ltd.

WHEN "Bud" Mar?, back in December of· 1910, brought an unwieldly biplane called the "Skylark" to Honolulu and

managed to get it into the air long enough to make several short exhibition flights from Moanalua Polo Field, the die was cast for Hawaii's interest in and use of aircraft.

Those short flights by Mars proved to the people of the islands that the contraptions called "aeroplanes" actually could fly.

Since the day of Mars' epochal initial flight the world has seen tremendous advances in aviation . : . and Hawaii has not lagged behind. In the intervening quarter of a century develop­ments in aeronautical sCience, airplane design, navigational devices, weather reporting, two way aerial communication and the varied other factors operating to insure rapid, efficient, safe air trans­portation have been so marked as to make even the most imagina­tive air enthusiast of that day appear somewhat of a pessimist. Actual developtnents in aviation today have gone far beyond the most optimistic dreams of the aeronautical world of 25 years ago.

This development did not come all at once, neither here nor elsewhere. It came through steady work year after year of men who saw, where many did not, the practicability of aircraft in modern life.

In Hawaii the advance of aviation to its present day matter­of-fact, daily scheduled passenger and airmail service is readily marked by th~ pioneering events. The history of aviation tn

Hawaii must pay tribute to those "early birds". Following Mars' flight in Honolulu, Clarence H. Walker m

June of the same year took his heavily constructed plane aloft at Hilo, marking the first flight on Hawaii. Unfortunately, the plane crashed into a tree while descending from an altitude of 100 feet. It was completely wrecked.

The same month Didier Masson, French barnstorming aviator, made a number of successful flights in Honolulu. A few months

40 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

later Tom Gunn, Chinese aviator, using a biplane rigged with pontoons, made the first flight from the waters of Pearl Harbor, a forerunner of the day when the naval station there would he the center of much air activity. Thanks to Gunn, Maui also saw its first airplane in flight when the Chinese made exhibition hops there.

Following these exhibition hops. for they were "hops" rather than "flights" as we know them today, no further flying activities took place until 1917 when the U. S. Army established its i)Wn air squadron at Pearl Harbor. occupying part of Ford Island which was also used by the Army air corps.

All this aerial activity had resulted in much interest among civilians but few in the islands had had an opportunity to actually fly. Soon after the war three commercial aviators. Charles Stoffer, Ben Stoddard and Charles Fern arrived at Honolulu with planes capable of carrying passengers. They gave residents of Oahu a chance to see what flying rea~ly felt like. However. even at this comparatively recent elate no attempt had been made to fly between the islands, the planes hovering within gliding distance of the makeshift airports.

The Army had recognized that the time was coming when flying between the islands would be a necessary part of military routine. In the fall of 1919 Major Harold l\I. Clarke, accom­panied by a mechanic, flew from Honolulu to Hawaii, where, losing their bearings in dense cloud formations, they \vere forced to land in the high forest area on Mauna Kea. The men were uninjured but the plane, because of the isolated spot where it had landed, was abandoned.

This flight by 1viajor Clarke touched off the ''modern" period of aviation in Hawaii. Less than a week after the pioneering­inter-island flight army aviators duplicated the feat'and went even further by including Maui, 1\Iolokai and Kauai in their itineraries. Successful flying between the islands had been accomplished. Subsequently, flights by Army and Navy planes among the islands were frequent, a part of the regular training routine.

While the Army aud Navy were pioneering such flying here, science was hard at work improving aircraft, increasing its flying range, perfecting its flying ability, increasing its carrying capacity. raising the horsepower of its motor plants, in short. making air-

HAW Ali AND A VIATIO?\ 41

craft practical for commercial air transportation. So quickly did these essential improvements come that flights

across the Pacific from California to Hawaii were made. Com­mander John Rodgers pioneered this air route by flying in 1925, a naval seaplane to within 200 miles of Honolulu, making an 1800 mile non-stop flight. In commemoration of this splendid attempt John Rodgers airport, principal civilian flying field in Hawaii, was named for him.

INTER-ISLAND SIKORSKY S-38 COAST OF MOLOKAI

Following Commander Rodgers, the Army, represented by Lieutenants Lester Maitland and Albert Hegenberger, in 1927, made the first successful trans-Pacific non-stop flight from Cali­fornia to Hawaii. Following closely on their heels a few days later came Ernie Smith and Emory Bronte who flew from Oakland

42 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

to Molokai where lack of fuel caused them to land short of their goal-Wheeler Field on Oahu. Smith and Bronte were the first civilians to make the long flight.

Two months later the Dole trans-Pacific flight was staged, with Arthur Goebel taking first place and Martin Jensen winning second prize money. In June, 1928, Sir Charles Kingsforth­Smith, an Australian, flew here from California in his "Southern Cross", continuing on to Australia via Suva.

Spectacular as these flights were, at the same time island men were going ahead in a quiet manner, laying the foundation for commercial aviation here. Ed Lewis, operating automobile tours on Oahu, early saw the possibilities of airplanes for sightseeing. For several years he operated "Lewis Air Tours" with a number of small open cockpit planes flying from Ward airport on Ala Moana.

From this same airport two former army fliers named Ander­son and Griffin started a flying school and a limited air service between the islands. Using two 'Small craft, these pilots trained a number of fliers and at one time expanded their activities to the point where they carried newspapers from Oahu to Maui. After continuing their school for a year the pilots returned to the mainland and Ward airport was discontinued.

While these flights were taking place in the latter part of the 20's, the early part of the decade saw alert, progressive business men looking forward to the day when inter-island commercial flying would be feasible. Even at that time they recognized the coming- need for island airports.

It is probably that the inspiration and encouragement of the Maui chapter of the National Aeronautical Association did more to crystallize thought into action for the construction of necessary airports than any other one factor. Under the leadership of A. W. Van Valkenburg, 30 of Honolulu's leading "air minded" citizens formed the chapter and lead an untiring campaign for commercial aviation. These men did much in securing helpful legislation for territorial airports, even going as far as to raise $20,000 to ~dd to the appropriation for John Rodgers airport.

These flights and aeronautical activity had made Hawaii air­minded. The time was approaching when commercial air trans­portation between the islands could be inaugurated. Had suitable

HAWAII AND AVIATION 43

planes been developed earlier the initial move toward commercial flying would have been taken before. However, it was not until late in 1928 that officers and directors of the Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co., Ltd. deemed air equipment developed to the point which made daily flying between the islands here practical.

It was realized that the problem of commercial flying in Ha­waii presented a different aspect from that of mainland United States with its great airports, hundreds of emergency landing fields, beacon-lighted routes for night flying, and other aids to success­ful commercial operation.

It was realized that inter-island flying was, of necessity, almost entirely over the open sea; that the isolated position of the islands in mid-Pacific necessitated elaborate repair and maintenance shops and the carrying of extra-large supplies of parts and materials. Essential airports did not exist at strategic and convenient points on the various islands. These ~ere later constructed. There were many problems which had to be considered thoroughly and solutions found before air service could be undertaken.

The primary problem, and one that has always been and always· will be uppermost, was that of passenger safety. Unless planes having safety, speed and comfort could be secured commercial service was not feasible. Months of study at factories, airports, laboratories, in the air, resulted in the now well-know two-motored Sikorsky amphibious being chosen by Inter-Island Airways, Ltd., which had been organized as a subsidiary of Inter-Island Steam NavigationCo., Ltd. to handle its air service. Sikorsky amphibious were selected, in competition with many types, becal!se of their outstanding performance and their ability to take off and land safely on either land or water. This factor was essential. The planes also had the ability not only to fly but to climb with a capacity load on one motor. This gave a double safety factor. The planes carried nine passengers and crew of two. Fully loaded they weighed 10,500 pounds. The 420-horsepower motors drove the plane at a top speed of 125 miles an hour and a cruising speed of 110 miles. They were the identical type used by Pan­American Airways for over-seas flying in Central America and had received the. full engineering and performance praise of Col. Charles A. Lindbergh who had inaugurated the Florida-Canal Zone service with one.

44 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Inter-Island Airways, Ltd. placed an order for two of these efficient aicraft, followed quickly by a third and later a fourth. The start of long-dreamed of commercial air service in Hawaii \vas at hand.

November 11, 1929, marked the inauguration of what has since become recognized as one of the most efficient commercial air transport lines in the United States. Escorted by a flight of 49 army and navy planes the first two Inter-Island Sikorskys roared clown the runway at John Rodgers airport, slipped easily into the air and were off for the other islands. Inter-Island com­mercial flying had become an accomplished fact.

In 1929, too, a mainland organization called Hawaiian Airways entered the local field. This company, operating small tri-motored Kreutzer planes, found after a short time that its equipment of land planes was not suitable f~r the necessary over-water flying between the islands. After operating for a few months the organ­ization withdrew from Hawaii.

Since November, 1929, Inter-Island Airways' planes have maintained a splendid record for safety, punctuality and all­around performance. No passenger or employe has been injured during the six years of operation. Delays or cancelled flights' due to weather conditions have been few, averaging less than half a dozen a year.

This record is not due to luck. It is due to modern equip­ment, training of personnel, constant checking of planes and motors and an esprit de corps of the organization which refuses to countenance.even the slightest hint of incompetency or carelessness.

Every plane carries a pilot and co-pilot. Both men are licensed radio operators. Lear Homing radio compasses are used. Planes carry two-way radio sets. Weather reports are received and posi­tion reports given at frequent intervals. Flying and mechanical personnel has been "hand picked" from men trained by the Army and Navy.

For the first five years the company was in operation it was. without an airmail contract, though speeding up of inter-island mails had be.en one of the primary objectives of the routes when established. Over a period of five years the air company, private individuals and business organizations throughout the territory cooperated in bringing to the attention of the proper auhorities.

HAWAII AND AVIATION 45

Hawaii's need for modern armail service. This campaign of five years resulted in the awarding by the U. S. office department of a contract to the local company to handle daily (except Sun­days) mail among the islands. The first official U. S. airmail flight in Hawaii started October 8, 1934.

Since that time the volume of mail carried by planes has steadily, if somewhat slowly, increased. Speeding up of schedules with new high speed planes between Honolulu and the outlying

SIKORSKY S-43

ONE OF THE NEW INTER-ISLAND AMPHIBIAN PLANES NOW IN SERVICE

islands with the resulting better connections with Star routes, should bring about increased patronage of the air mail.

Inter-Island Airways, Ltd. has endeavored not only to keep abreast of island demands for commercial air transportation, but to remain as far ahead of those demands as aeronautical progress permits.

For example, though the fleet of four nine-passenger twin­motored Siksorkys is in excellent condition and capable of handling present day passenger, express and mail demands, the company is

46 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

looking ahead by improving its service with faster, larger, more comfortable planes.

With this in view, two 16-passenger twin-motored Sikosky amphibious were placed in operation late in 1935. These S-43 type planes, popularly known as "Baby Clippers", are the fastest and most efficient amphibians in the world. They were the first amphibious ever constructed capable of taking off from the water on one motor. In every detail these S-43's exceeded even the rigid specifications of Igor Sikorsky, the designer.

Placing these two new ultra high-speed amphibious in Ha­waiian service entailed an expenditure in excess of $300,000 during 1935. Each plane cost $105,000. Extra parts and equipment cost $25,000. New hangars, radio station, concrete aprons, stock rooms, etc. at John Rodgers Airport cost upwards of $75,000.

The new S-43 Inter-Island Airways' Sikorsky amphibious have a cruising speed of 185 miles an hour at 7000 feet elevation and a top speed of 200 miles and hour. It is hardly necessary to elaborate on the obvious safety of an airplane which can alight on land or water at will. All planes of this company are amphibians.

Secondary only to safety, personal comfort of the passenger is the paramount consideration. The S-43's have the single wing above the passengers, affording unimpaired vision. Non-shatter­able sound-proofed glass is used throughout. Indirect contmlled ventilation, and a roomy lavatory are a few of the conveniences. Passenger space is sound proofed. The SO-foot hull is all metal and is divided into five separate watertight compartments, any three of which will keep the fully loaded plane afloat.

All planes of the Inter-Island fleet are equipped with the famous Lear Homing Compass. With this new compass there is no necessity for using the old-type radio beam with its narrow course. Any broadcasting station, such as KGU or KGMB, a ship or commercial station can be tuned in and by means of a visual meter the plane kept exactly on its course for home. There is no possible way for the pilot to stray from his course. In addition, the planes are equipped with two-way radio for com­munication with the central station at the company's Honolulu port.

Inter-Island Airways has earned an enviable reputation for safe, reliable, rapid service during the six years of its existence. Cold, hard facts on miles flown and passengers carried bears this

HAWAII AND AVIATION 47

statement out. The facts covering operations for the past six years are these: planes have flown more than 1,500,000 miles; 65,000 passengers have been carried; no passenger has been in­jured.

Today Hawaii is enjoying daily commercial air service with the finest, fastest, safest amphibion planes ever constructed. Some· of the specifications of these huge Inter-Island planes are interest­ing.

Dimensions and Performance Wing Span ...... ____________ :·--········---··-----·····--···86 feet Height .... ---------·--··-·--····----·-···---·-·-17 feet, 9 inches Length of HulL .. ---······--·-··--·-·-···-----···----···50 feet Width of HulL. .. ·--·····---······------7 feet, 6 inches Total Submerged DisplacemenL .............. 50 tons Diameter o(propellors ____________ .... ll feet, 6 inches

Gross Weight·-----·------···-------·---·-·····17,541 pounds Cruising Speed (7000 feet Elevation) .. 185 Mph High Speed (7000 feet Elevation) ..... .200 Mph Initial rate of climb per minute ........ 1,250 feet Motors (two) ··-·---···-----·--------·--·-·-···---.750 hp each Propellors ____________________ constant controllable pitch

Useful Load.-----··---·-··--------·------··-----.7,720 pounds Passenger accommodations .. ----··-----··----···---···---·16 Crew accommodations.·------------·-··------··----···-···-··-·3 Range (with 700 lbs. mail only) ....... .2000 miles

Perhaps one of the finest tributes to Inter-Island's air service is the fact that there is nothing spectacular about it, though it is of primary importance to Hawaii's 400,000 residents and 40,000

·annual visitors. The planes take off, fly and land on schedule. Each morning at three minutes after 8 o'clock an Inter-Island plane soars over Honolulu but rarely does the passing excite com­ment. Planes arriving at the outside islands sweep down onto airports where the' company maintains comfortable, attractive stations. Passengers are let off and taken on, receipts for the mail signed and the planes are off without undue ceremony or excitement. The spectacular days of aviation, so far as the com­mercial field is concerned, are passed . . . as they should be.

Commercial air transport today involves large investments,

48 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

highly trained personnel aground and aloft, efficient planes and motors, a skillful, careful, high-morale organization.

The spectacular clays are past. Inter-Island Airways, Ltd. fortunately never did participate. in the spectacular phase. From the moment decision to enter the air transportation field was ·reached safe, fast efficient service has been paramount. That its policy is right is borne out by the record of six years' operations, a growth from two amphibians to six, four of them of 9-passenger capacity and two of 16-passenger capacity.

Pioneering trans-Pacific flights by army, navy and civilian fliers bore fruit in 1935 with the opening of an air route, with weekly flights, from San Francisco to Canton, via Honolulu, Midway, Wake, Guam, Manila. Bases were established on Mid­way, \Vake and Guam. In close cooperation with this aerial ex­pansion, Inter-Island Steam Navigation Co. was appointed Gen­eral Traffic Agents for the company. A special air transportation booking office was opened by the Inter-Island System, represent­ing Pan-American, United Air Lines, American Airlines and other carriers. This makes it possible for travelers to arrange advance booking in Honolulu for air trips over any scheduled route in the world.

Interest in private flying has increased to a great extent during the past five years. One of the three large hangars owned by Inter-Island Airways, Ltd. at Rodgers airport has been leased to the Andrew Flying Service as headquarters for private planes and flying lessons from various operators at the field. Fourteen privately owned planes are in use. Owners and the number of planes they have are: Olen V. Andrew, 7, including Hawaii's only autogiro; Ed Peacock, 2; KT Service, 2; Roland Low, 1 ; James Doocls, 1 ; and Water Dillingham, Jr., 1.

It has been a quarter of a century since "Bud" Mars took his frail plane aloft. Hawaii's aviation history covers those 25 years. But it has been only in the past six years that the history of commercial aviation has been written. It is a chapter of island aeronautical history which will never be finished for Inter-Island Airways, Ltd. will maintain its policy of using planes, equipment and personnel of such a calibre as to be in the vanguard of American air transportation.

THE TELEPHONE IN THE TERRITORY OF HAW All

By F. G. HUMMEL

THE first sentence transmitted by telephone was in the year 1876. The first conversation by overhead line, 2 miles long,

was from Boston to Cambridge, l\Iass. The first telephone brought to the Territory of Hawaii was

by Mr. C. H. Dickey in the year 1878---two years after its in­vention by Alexander Graham Bell. Instruments at that time could not be purchased but were rented. Mr. Dickey secured two of them and connected up his home with one of his three stores on the Island of Maui. Thus to Maui goes the distinction of having the first telephone in the Territory. The fame of these two instruments spread throughout the Territory. Mr. Sam Wilder, at that time Minister of the Interior, had Mr. Dickey order and install a set of instruments for him, to connect his office in the Capiol Building with his lumber yard. About the same time Mr. Dickey also installed a set of instruments for Sanford B. Dole between his home on Emma Street and that of his sister nearby. These were the first telephones in operation on Oahu. Doctor Smith and his son, having hard of these wonderful new instruments, ordered through .l\Ir. Dickey two which were the first telephones to be installed on the Island of Kauai. Then came a request from Mr. Richards of Hila, and he introduced the tele­phone on the Island of Hawaii.

These instruments soon demonstrated their value, and it was not long until companies were formed on the different islands to furnish telephone service to the public. On Oahu, a company was formed and incorporated in the year 1879 under the name of the Hawaiian Bell Telephone Company and started service on Decem­ber 30th, 1880, with 30 subscribers. It proved to be a profitable undertaking from the start and for this reason, and due to the haughtiness of the men in charge, a rival company was organized in August 1883 under the name of the Mutual Telephone Com­pany. In March 1885 this company began operation with 100 telephones in competition with the Hawaiian Bell, this competition

50 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

in the telephone industry being probably the first instance of its kind. The fight between the two rival companies continued for ten years, until August 2nd, 1894, at which time the consolidation of the two companies was effected by the Mutual Telephone Company securing control of the Hawaiian Bell. At this time the Hawaiian Bell had 565 telephones in operation and the Mutual 701. After the consolidation, the Mutual Company had 909 telephones in operation, the difference between this and the 1266 operated by the two companies before they were united being the duplicate instruments not used after consolidation.

The Mutual prospered for some time but on account of the large territory covered by the telephone system and the scattered condition of its subscribers, and with the low rates charged for its service and no provision having been made for the inevitable depreciation caused by wear and tear, etc., the plant and its equip­ment soon got into such bad repair that earnings were not suf­ficient to pay dividends to the stockholders and keep the plant in a first class working condition. As a result dividends were not paid, new money could not be secured to rehabilitate the plant, and the service went from bad to worse. Rival companies were started, the first of these, the Standard Telephone Company, was organized but never got further than having a building erected for its central office. This building is now the headquarters of the Salvation Army on Beretania Street, between Fort and Bethel Streets.

The Hawaiian Telegraph & Telephone Company, Limited, formerly the Wireless Telegraph Company, operating a wireless telegraph system between the islands of the group and ships. at sea, having heard of the new wonder-the automatic telephone then being installed in various locations on the mainland of the United States-took steps to secure the right to use this automatic telephone in the Territory of Hawaii. Having secured this, they proceeded to solicit funds to build a telephone plant to go into opposition with the Mutual. Even though the service furnished by the Mutual was poor, the businessmen of Honolulu remember­ing their experiences at the time when they had dual telephone service in Honolulu, did not want a repetition and, as a conse­quence, the needed backing for a new company was not forth­coming. A better scheme therefore was evolved whereby they

THE TELEPHONE IN HAW All 51

consolidated the Hawaiian Telegraph & Telephone Company, Limited, with the Mutual, under the name of the Mutual Tele­phone Company. Steps were immediately taken to rebuild the plant of the Mutual Telephone Company, replacing the manual equipment with automatic. The new equipment was installed and placed in operation August 28th, 1910.

After Oahu, the next island to have a telephone company was Kauai. On October 2nd, 1880, the Kauai Telephonic Company, Limited, was incorporated.

The Island of Hawaii had four telephone companies. The first company was the Hilo and Hawaii Telephone & Telegraph Company, incorporated March 20th 1882. The Hamakua and South Kohala Telephonic Company, incorporated June 20th, 1889; the Kohala Telephone Company, Limited, incorporated February 27th, 1888, and the Kona-Kau Telephone & Telegraph Company, Limited, incorporated June 17th ,1885. Each of the above com­panies furnished telephone service in the districts· as their cor­porate titles indicate.

The Maui Telephone Company was incorporated April 25th, 1889.

The Island of Molokai did not have a corporate company, but telephone service of a sort was furnished to the inhabitants by the County of Maui, and a private line of George P. Cooke (The American Sugar Company), and the Territory of Hawaii had a private line connecting the Leper Settlement at Kalaupapa to the Mutual Telephone Company's Radio Station at Kaunakakai. These services not being satisfactory, through the solicitations of the business interests on the island, the Mutual Telephone Com­pany was requested to establish an up-to-date telephone service on the Island of Molokai. This service was in installed and placed in operation July 6th, 1931, and replaced all other telephone systems on the island.

So at an early date, and soon after the invention of the tele­phone, telephone service was had on all the inhabited islands of the territory. But means of communication, other than by mail, between the islands was needed. Attempts were made to connect the islands-the first being by cable to connect the Island of Oahu with the Island of Molokai in the year 1889. This was a failure.· During the laying of the cable a few telegraph messages

52 HAWAIIAN ANNUj\L

from the cable ship to shore were received, but the connection between the two islands was never completed and the project was abandoned (leaving the cable to the crabs and other denizens of the sea.)

Guglielmo Marconi, in the meantime, was working on his wireless telegraph and had met with signal success. The right to us this system was secured by a group of men in the Territory, and a company under the corporate name of the ·wireless Tele­graph Company, Limited, (later changed to the Hawaiian Tele­graph and Telephone Company, Limited) was formed and estab­lished on October 31st, 1899, to give an inter-island and ship-to­shore telegraph service, thereby furnishing the islands with their first inter-island electric communication. As the wired telegraph was followed by wired telephone, so it was reasoned that if dots and dashes could be sent by air, why not the human voice. In­ventive minds were busy on the subject and soon had a system that would work which, although crude and limited, nevertheless was the nucleus of the system today. \Vhen the United States Fleet on its world cruise visited Hawaii in 1908, it had a small Arc Broadcast transmitter capable of working at a distance of about 15 miles. The present President, of the Mutual Telephone Company having heard this, reasoned that the time would come when such a wireless system could be used for communication between the different islands, and so to be pre­pared for the time when this would become possible, decided that it would be advantageous to have a unified telephone system covering the islands of the group. ·with this idea in mind, the Directors of the Mutual Telephone Company, through its officials, proceeded with the purchase, by exchange of stock or otherwise, of the various telephone companies operating on the different islands. In the year 1913 the Hila and Hawaii Telephone & Telegraph Company, the Hamakua and South Kohala Telephonic Company and the Kona-Kau Telephone & Telegraph Company, Limited, were purchased. The Maui Telephone Company was purchased March 18th, 1918, the Kohala Telephone Company, Limited, in 1919, and the Kauai Telephonic Company, Limited, in 1929. As· each of these telephone companies were added to the Mutual system they were rehabilitated, the outside plants re­built, new switchboards installed and the whole plant brought to a

THE TELEPHONE IN HAW All 53

standard to give a first class telephone service. After advancing to this point, the method of connecting the different islands was the problem. Submarine cable was out of the question owing to the depth of the ocean and the exorbitant cost of the cable and the laying thereof, and the cost of maintenance equipment re­quired to keep such a cable in repair and operation together with the amount of business that could reasonably be expected between the different islands, put th laying of such a cable out of the question.

The wireless telephone was still a possibility-not yet perfected, but with rapid changes being made in this field of communication. The Directors of the Mutual Telephone Company set aside a sum of money for experimental purposes on this phase of linking the islands together. The Western Electric Company, one of the largest manufacturers of such radio equipment, was consulted

. and arrangements made with them to send its engineers to the islands to make a survey• and recommendations. After a study of the situation which required several months, the Western Electric Company submitted its recommendations, together with the cost of such equipment. The Directors of the Mutual Tele­phone Company did not accept the proposition for the reason that the signal obtained by the experimental equipment was not con­sidered good enough for a commercial service, and even though it were, the price asked for the equipment was so high that it would have been impossible to install it between the islands considering the cost of operation and the amount of business that could reason­ably be expected. So this was abandoned for the time being. This system recommended had a high frequency transmitter designed to operate on a wave length of about 70 meters. Sub­sequently the Mutual Telephone Company's Engineers, in colla­boration with the Radio Corporation of America, finally invented a radio telephone "Beam" system to work on a wave length of 30 to 60 megacycles per second. Such a system was found to work admirably for short distances up to about 200 miles, but beyond that distance the signal was lost in the upper air due to the curva­ture of the earth. Such a system would be ideal in Hawaii where there were high mountains and optical paths for the radio chan­nels or beams across the sea from one island to the other. The Radio Corporation of America sent its field engineers to make a

54 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

survey and after several months of study, it was found that the system would be satisfactory for commercial purposes, and the price of the equipment, although high, was within reason. A contract was entered into between the Mutua !Telephone Company and the Radio Corporation of America whereby the Radio Cor­poration of America was to build the apparatus and the equip­ment was to be installed by the Mutual Telephone Company. The work began immediately and the service between the different islands was established November 2nd, 1931.

In the meantime, negotiations were being carried on and con­sumated between the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, the Radio Corporation of America and the Mutual Telephone Company, for a radio telephone service between the islands and the Mainland. This service was inaugurated December 23rd, 1931.

Thus there is today 24,000 subscribers of the Mutual Tele­phone Company, any one of whom can talk to any other subscriber in the Mutual Teleph~me Company's system or can talk over the Coast-Hawaii radio circuit and through the American Telephone and Telegraph Company's system with thirty million telephones, or 92% of the telephones in the world.

BANKING BUSINESS IN HAW All

By GEORGE s. wATERHOUSE Assistant Executive Vice-President

Bishop National Bank of Hawaii at Honolulu

THE history of banking in Hawaii is a history of and helpfulness, depressions and plentiousness, and

tion of men and money to industries and development.

mistakes the rela-

Before the advent of the first bank here in Hawaii coin and currency, payments and accounting were more or less chaotic and bartering was subject to variations in values, not only of the commodities themselves, but of coin and currency and rates of exchange, much more than it has been since. In the early days coins of several nations were used in trade and payments. Small change was at a premium so that for some time quarter dollars were cut in half to make good the deficiency, and this half quarter went under the name of the "bit"; thus the quarter of a dollar was more commonly called "two bits" than a quarter.

Vast quantities of gold and silver (vast quantities for those days) were carried back and forth in ships and to buy a draft on Boston or New York one had to pay a premium varying from 2_0 to 40%.

Although there were firms which sold exchange, the need of a bank was evident, both as a stabilizer and to take the place of the stocking or iron box, as the case might be.

So when Mr. Charles R. Bishop and Mr. W. A. Aldrich opened a bank under the name of Bishop and Co. it was a step which helped not only the business of the Islands, but people in general. The bank not only transacted a general banking business, but established a savings bank and on sums of $300 or under interest was paid at the rate of 8% computed at the end of the year on all amounts which had been in deposit three months or more. Larger sums than $300 could only earn interest by special arrangement.

The first actual bank of the Islands, the Bank of Bishop & Co., opened its door August 17, 1858. It was situated at the makai end of Kaahumanu Street in a room 16 by 12 feet in size. At the end of the first day of business the aggregate amount

56 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

of deposits was $4,784.25. Nine days later it made its first loan of $4,000. The length of the loan was for 33 days and the in­terest was at the rate of 12% per annum.

Coins of various nations found their way into the bank and all kinds of denominations-gold, silver, copper-English, Chinese, French and Peruvian, even gold coin minted by private firms in the l:Jnited States. So those early bankers became expert in de­termining the value of the various pieces.

At the time Bishop & Co. was established, Kamehameha IV was king. The whaling industry was in full bloom. Ships had to be provisioned and outfitted. Many of the whalers made their base at Honolulu. They sent their oil back to Massachusetts in other vessels and had to obtain cash for their crews and pay for supplies by drafts. The Irish potatoes from Maui, the sweet potatoes and yams, the coffee, meat, etc. from all the islands, as well as the repairs to vessels, ropes, cables and other necessary things for the whalers, had to be paid for. Financing kept the new bank busy and it prospered.

During the next twenty odd years, though, there were diffi­culties in plenty. The Civil War made financing difficult. Some­times whalers got caught in the ice pack on their cruises. Drought existed during certain years. New industries did not always flourish; silk and cotton were tried and failed; coffee always had its difficulties; sugar prices were not always good; machinery had to be changed and paid for. In 1850 most of the cane was run through wooden rollers, run by water or animal power and the rollers fed by hand, one or two sticks of cane at a time. All these methods changed with time and the changes had to be financed. Then there was the financial depression of 1875 which swept over the United States and was felt severely on the Islands. Again in 1880 the price obtained for sugar was so low that one agency alone, requiring funds, borrowed $100,000--a very large amount in those days.

Thus the first period ended and in 1885 the new Bank of Claus Spreckels & Co. 'was opened. Meanwhile, the rate of in­terest on savings deposits had dropped to 5% per annum, but the amount allowed in any one savings account had mounted to $2,000. The Bank of Claus Spreckels opened with an advertised capital of $200,000, and Mr. Claus Spreckels and Mr. Wm. G.

BANKING BUSINESS IN HAW All 57

Irwin were the partners of the new institution. The people had now two banks in which they might do business. The new bank later, that is in 1910, was incorporated uncler the name of the Bank of Honolulu, Ltd., with a capital of $600,000, and continued in business until 1920 when it disincorporated, the Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd. taking over its business.

"rn 1892 the Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd. opened a branch in Honolulu.

On December 27. 1897 the Bank of Hawaii, Ltd. opened its doors, being the first bank to incorporate under the laws of Hawaii. Both Bishop & Co. and Claus Spreckels & Co. were partnerships, and the Yokohama Specie Bank, Ltd. was a branch only of a foreign banking institution. · The capital of the Bank of Hawaii, Ltd., was $400,000 of which $300,000 was paid in. Mr. P. C. Jones was its first president. Not quite a year later Mr. Charles l\f. Cooke became its president. In 1903, after much controversy with the Government officials as to their power to do so, the Bank of Hawaii established a branch at Lihue, Kauai. Since that time it has acquired and established a splendid system of branches throughout the Islands.

In September 1899, the First American Bank of Hawaii, Ltd .. with a paid up capital of $500,000, was ready for business, and in January of the following year it opened a branch in Hilo, the first branch bank to be established on Hawaii. Mr. Cecil Brown was president of this bank at the outset. The branch in Hilo was withdrawn soon after, as the bank became a national bank. This was in September 1900, when the name of the institution became the First National Bank of Hawaii. The First American Security & Trust Co., Ltd., affiliated with the National Bank, was in­corporated at this time. In 1926 the First American Security & Trust Co., Ltd. became the First American Savings Bank, Ltd.

About the year 1900, Mr. Philip Peck and others organized and opened the First Bank of Hilo, Limited. During its existence it established four branches, all on the island of Hawaii-one at Honokaa, one at Kohala, one in Kau and one in Kona. In 1922 the First Bank of Hilo was taken over and merged with the Bank of Hawaii, Ltd.

In 1909, in Honolulu, the Japanese Bank, a partnership, was opened. However, the capital of $30,000 was too small for

58 HAW AllAN ANNUAL

successful operation and in 1915 it had to close its doors. In 1913 The Pacific Bank, Ltd. opened in Honolulu with a

paid in capital of $100,000. It later changed its name to the Asano Chuya Bank, Ltd. and for a while conducted the only night and day bank the Islands have ever had. Later this feature was discontinued and the bank again became the Pacific Bank, Ltd., with Mr. Motoshige and Mr. Sumida in control. •

In 1916 the Chinese American Bank, Ltd. was established with a paid in capital of $100,00. Its main office was situated in Honolulu with a branch at Kapaa, Kauai. Last year, however, due to the financial difficulties of the times, the bank closed its doors. Out of its reorganization has come the· American Security Bank with Mr. John J. Walsh, Executive Vice-President ..

In 1916, also, the Sumitomo Bank established a bank in Hono­lulu.

1916 seems to have been a banking year in Hawaii, for at this time the Peoples Bank, Ltd. opened in Hilo with a paid in capital of $70,000. In 1922 this bank closed its doors.

Closely allied with the Peoples Bank of Hilo, the Hawaii Bank of Commerce, Ltd., early in 1922 opened for business in Honolulu with a branch at Kapaa, Kauai. The Bank of Kauai, Ltd. had been established in 1920, but at the time of the establishment of the Hawaii Bank of Commerce, Ltd. in Honolulu, it merged with the latter bank and became a branch bank under the new name. This new bank, however, did not exist long, for in the same year of its opening, i.e., 1922, it closed its doors. The branch at Kapaa was taken over by the Chinese American Bank.

In 1922, with the resounding of a million fire-crackers, the Liberty Bank, Ltd. opened its doors, the stockholders· being Chinese residents of Honolulu with Lum Yip Kee as president.

On the Island of Maui in 1901 was established the First National Bank of Wailuku, under a national charter, with Mr. C. D. Lufkin as cashier. In 1906 the Lahaina National Bank opened its doors, and in 1913 the First National Bank of Paia, In 1917 these three merged into the Bank of Maui, Ltd. and again in 1930 the Bank of Maui, Ltd. became part of the Bank of Hawaii, with which institution it had been closely affiliated.

In 1906 The Baldwin National Bank was established in Kahului, with Mr. H. P. Baldwin as President. In 1921 it

BANKING BUSINESS IN HAW All 59

changed its charter and became a Territorial bank. It established a branch at Wailuku, and in 1925 one at Paia. Upon becoming a Territorial bank, the name was changed to the Baldwin Bank, Ltd.

The Bank of Bishop & Co. had established branches at dif­ferent places in the Islands. One branch was situated at Schofield Barracks. In 1917 this branch left its parent institution, took out a national charter, and became the Army National Bank of Schofield Barracks with Mr. 0. N. Tyler as Cashier. Sometime later Mr. John Macaulay became cashier.

On July 8, 1929, The Bank of Bishop & Co., Ltd., the First National Bank of Honolulu, the Army National Bank of Schofield Barracks, and the First American Savings Bank, Ltd. consolidated, the stock being held by a holding company, The Bishop Company. Limited, which company also purchased the stock of the Baldwin Bank. The holding company had a capital of $3,350,000. In 1933 the Baldwin Bank became part of the actual consolidation and this consolidated institution became the Bishop National Bank of Hawaii at Honolulu.

In 1934 a territorial law came into effect and all territorial banks, as a consequence, dropped the word "limited" from their respective names.

Since the year 1900 the use made of the banks of the terri­tory and the number of accounts in the banks have increased tremendously. For instance, in one of the banks shortly after the turn of the century, it was only necessary to employ in the com­mercial department two persons to keep the customer's ledgers. Each bookkeeper handled about 500 accounts, entering all checks and deposits with pen and ink and extending the balances from day to day in the same mann~r in the so-called Boston ledgers. On a busy day the two Boston ledger keepers entered between them about 750 .checks and 150 deposits. Today the same bank has eleven customers' ledger keepers. The bookkeepers handle in the neighborhood of 650 accounts each and on a busy day the day's work will require the bookkeepers to post perhaps 4500 checks and 1850 deposits, which arc run and posted on modern bookkeeping machines, the balances being automatically extended by the machines.

The history of banking here recalls good times and bad, credit

60 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

and currency, men and merchandise-1875, 1893, 1907 and 1929 -what dates to recall for those who can!

It also brings to rememberance all manner of coin and cur­rency, Peruvian, Spanish, Mexican, Chinese, Japanese, British and Colonial, Hawaiian silver, greenbacks, continentals and whatnot. In the 1890's each firm kept at least two accounts with its bank, a gold and silver account, the silver being at a discount of 2 to sro.

The banks were required to finance various products at times: sandal wood from the hills; oil and whalebone from the sea; rice, coffees, sugar, pineapples and other crops of the soil.

A history of banking in Hawaii also brings to mind men who have been actively associated in the conduct ~f the banks. Such names and personalities as Charles R. Bishop and Aldrich, Paty, S. M. Damon, Claus Spreckels, Wm. G. Irwin, E. I. Spalding, P. C. Jones, the Cookes, Charles M. and Clarence H.; Allen Bottomley; James L. Cockburn and Geo. P. Rea and many others. These men and their accomplishments have certainly made the history of banking here in Hawaii nei interesting.

THREE DECADES OF MOTORING IN HAWAII

By L:eRoY BLESSING Manager Honolulu Automobile Club

pRACTICALLY three decades of motoring history in Hawaii are just now rounding out in the closing days of 1935.

There are still living a number of citizens who remember the first automobile to be seen on the streets of Honolulu, a strange contraption that frightened horses and brought out expressions of ridicule from those suspicious persons whe were confident that a gas wagon might be good for a plaything but its practicability would never be realized.

Early records of the local tax office show several years after the arrival of the first few machines when there were no regis­trations, and these strange novelties were neither numbered nor taxed. Later there were regulations affecting the listing of auto­mobiles for tax purposes and numbers were assigned to the owners. Some of the early number plates were made from patent leather with nickled street numbers fastened thereon. Others were cut from sheet iron or tin and the numbers painted by hand. How few, in the list of those in the early days had the slightest dream of the motoring industry reaching such vast proportions!

And the roadways of the period when the first gas wagon attempted to make the trip from Honolulu to Haleiwa! High crowns in the center of the right of way. Mud and water in the poorly drained areas. Narrow pikes which accommodated the slow-going horse-drawn vehicles which could be turned out into the ditch in case there was a desire to pass. No super-elevation of curves. No attention paid to the smoothing of the outside edges. No road building that had any thought of carrying a burden such as today's highways care for day after day. Imagine the serious consideration that was soon being given by highway officials to the changes that must be brought about to control the 'horseless carriage', if by any chance it would take a popular hold in the community life.

Think of the revelations of the three decades now passed!

62 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

More than 30,000 automobiles traversing the streets and highways of the Island of Oahu alone, this number increasing from year to year at au amazing rate. It is truly a motoring age and Hawaii is living awheel just the same as are the people in all other por­tions of our great country.

The improvements that have been made in the island high­ways during the past ten years are nothing less than remarkable. Widths of roadways have been extended. Gravel surfaces have been replaced with the most improved types of paving. Slippery and skiddy conditions have been eliminated. Curves have been super-elevated. Bridges and culverts have been rebuilt at greater width. Gulches have been bridged. Sharp turns have been munded off. Modern shoulders have been constructed to add greater safety for both trucks and passenger cars. New highways have been built to open up additional territory and lead to scenic spots and pleasure centers. Present clay thinking is now being directed toward the culmination of plans to still further widen many of the main arteries, to provide an adequate highway light­ing system that will guarantee the greatest degree of safety, and now what with the assistance of the Federal government at vVash­ington in providing a large portion of the road building funds there is every reason to believe that the very early future will see even greater strides in highway building in every section of the territory. Today it may be said that our island travel arteries are our most valuable asset.

A glance at early records in the city and county treasurer's department shows that in the year 1909 there were some 278 automobiles on the registration list. No record is found of any tax collected. In 1910 there were less than 1000 cars. By September 1912 the list of registered vehicles had reached 1015 and for that year practically $10,000 were collected in taxes: The registration figures increased steadily each year, the 5,000 total being reached in 1918. There were 10,000 cars in 1922; 25,000 in 1928, with a rapid increase until 1932 when a registration of 31,561 was. recorded. The registered cars for the years 1934-35 were slightly above 30,800. These figures do not include non­taxable list of Army and Navy cars operated over the island high­ways. This heavy load of motor vehicles, it may be seen readily, demands a super-highway system and it may be said of the

MOTORING IN HAW All 63

municipal authorities that they have realized this need and have spared no pains to meet the needs in this line. The future will see more and better highway building to provide carrying capacity and to eliminate many of the hazards that have in past years cost so heavily in the loss of life and property due to accidents on certain types of roadways constructed for the traffic of the earlier day of the horse and buggy era. When one considers that there is one automobile in Hawaii for every eight persons the fact is plain that motoring is an outstanding feature of the island life and that no more serious attention is demanded by any public question than that having to do with the control of the motor vehicle and its accommodation on the rapidly broadening system of highways over which our maze of motor vehicles travel.

The story of Honolulu's history from the opening days of the present century to the year 1935 is wound definitely about the automobile. It has chapters galore of the problems of the road builders who struggled to turn shore-line trails into comfortable public highways.' It tells of the passing of the horse and buggy days a.nd the advent of that new age of motorization in which our daily experiences have to do largely with the automobile both in pleasure and in business. It has an important connection with every feature of island life.

Perhaps the newest Hawaiian novel will tell the fascinating story of the span between the days when the men and women of the islands followed the trials afoot in all land transportation, when horses were unknown and when the closest thing to a gas buggy was a 'Manele,' described as a large hammock suspended between the shoulders of the hardy Hawaiians and which they availed themselves of when they desired to carry celebrated persons or those who were ill or injured.

Thirty years of motoring in Hawaii! From beaten foot-path to super-highway traveled over by stream-line mechanically pro­pelled vehicles the equal of any driven anywhere throughout the country! Hawaii is truly a motoring Paradise.

No historical sketch of the progress of motor life in Hawaii would be complete without mention of the influence of the Hono­lulu Automobile Club, an organization of motor vehicle owners which has worked unselfishly for the past twenty years for the better control of the island highways and the conservation of life

HA \VAIIAN ANNUAL

and property. This organization, acting as the representative m Hawaii of the great American Automobile Association, has pioneered in scores of safety undertakings that have resulted in better rules for driving, more concerted action in enforcing regu­lations, more and better highways, more safety-mindedness on the part of the great mass of drivers, a greater realization of the responsibility of the man behind the wheel. This is an organiza­tion that has justified its right to be and the motorists of the territory owe a debt of gratitude to the men and women who have given of their means and influence to maintain so active an organization through the past twenty years. The motor club be­lieves in Hawaii as a Mecca for motorists and it has declared war on carelessness which works for loss of life and property.

HAWAII-THE 49th STATE?

Address at McKinley High School Auditorium, Sept. 20, 1935

By A. G. M. RoBERTSON

Former Supreme Court Chief Justice

(Condensed from article in Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Sept. 25, 1935)

THE situation of a territory of the United States is an anomalous one. ·

The United States supreme court has referred to it as a period of "pupilage." Another court has referred to it as but a "necessary incident of immaturity," and declared the ultimate purpose to be that every territory shall, as soon as practicable, be organized as a state which shall take its equal place and part of the American Union.

As a matter of fact the territorial COJI(lition furnishes an out­standing illustration of the very un-American ·idea of taxation without representation. The people of a territory pay ta.t·es to the federal govemment in the same manner and to the same extent as the people of a state, but they have no choice in the making of the la.ws under which the taxes are collected, nor have they a vote in a presidential election.

If a citizen of a state changes his residence by moving into a territory, he thereby loses his right to vote in a presidential election, although he continues to pay taxes to the federal govern­ment as he did before.

A Temporary Status

For these reasons the territorial status is generally regarded as a temporary one, and the right of the people of a territory to acquire the full stature of American citizenship as soon as they are ready for it must be conceded.

The ambition to acquire statehood is a natural and legitimate one.

There has been great fluctuation in the length of the proba-

66 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

tionary period of the several territories. It will sufficiently serve our purpose to refer to a few of them:

Nevada .................................. 3 years Oklahoma .............................. 17 years W yarning ............................. .22 years Idaho ..................................... .27 years New Mexico .......................... 62 years

1861-1864 1890-1907 1868-1890 1863-1890 1850-1912

Hawaii has been on probation for over 35 years-longer than all those mentioned except New Mexico. New Mexico was notoriously undeveloped and backward, while Hawaii has been progressive politically, commercially and agriculturally. Since backgrounq counts for something we may point to the fact that constitutional government has been maintained in these islands by a liberty-loving and orderly people since 1840, 95 years.

Left Up to Congress The requirements or qualifications of a territory to enter the

union as a state are not prescribed by the constitution. It is a matter which rests entirely in the discretion of congress. There are some factors, however, which congress is supposed and ex­pected to take into consideration, namely, the area of the terri­tory, its population, its economic resources and state of develop­ment, and the ability of its people to maintain stable and orderly government.

Let us see what Hawaii has to offer in these respects. , First, as to area-\Ve can not compete, of course with the enormous areas of the western territories which have been ad­mitted into the union-largely arid sections, but Hawaii, with an area of 6300 square miles of populated islands, is larger than three of the states, namely, Connecticut ( 4,845 square miles), Delaware (2,120 square miles) and Rhode Island (1,248 square miles). The important state of New Jersey has an area of only 8,224 square miles, including over 700 square miles which are under water.

If we could be allowed to count the area under water between each of the inhabited islands, we would compare very favorably with many of the states.

I ·think it can not be said that smallness of area spoils our claim to statehood. Quality and importance of location, as well as size, are to be considered.

HAWAII-THE 49th STATE? 67

It has been said that the fact that Hawaii is out in the Pacific and non-contiguous to the mainland is a point against us. On the other hand, it is that very fact that lends such tremendous importance to this territory from a naval and, therefore, a national, standpoint. Importance of location is a potent fact in our favor. Surely the people of this western outpost and sentinel are not forever to be denied their full rights of citizenship.

In these days, distance is not considered so much in terms of miles as in terms of time. Even without the use of the airplane, Honolulu is now nearer to Washington than Boston was in the early days of the nation.

Ne.rt, as to population-\Ve may make a few comparisons in this connection, using round figures. When admitted to state­hood the population of the following mentioned territories was as follows:

Colorado --------------------------··---·-------------···---··---···- 40,000 Nevada -------------------------------------------------------------- 42,000 Idaho ----------------·-----··-----------·-----···---·-----·-----·---· 85,000 Arizona -----------------····--··----·-·----··----·-······-----------.205,000 New Mexico -----------------····--------·-·····-----------·--·-300,000

It may be interesting to know that in the good old horse and buggy days when New York ratified the constitution and became one of the United States of America, the state contained_a popu­lation of about 300,000.

Hawaii has a population of 384,000-larger, therefore, than any of the territories just mentioned. It also exceeds the present population of several of the states.

All these population figures 1:nclude aliens as well as citizens. The alien population of Hawaii is 92,000, consisting principally of Filipinos and J apa.nese. The proportion is not excessive, and the alien population is steadily decreasing. Excluding all aliens from the count we still have a. la.rger citizen population- than the terri­tories just mentioned, except New Mexico.

From this it appears that Hawaii can pass muster so far as population is concerned.

But it has been urged by some opponents of Hawaiian state­hood that since a large proportion of the citizenship is of Japanese descent and because the loyalty of that element has been ques­tioned, a formidable obstacle is presented.

68 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Japanese Problem

Of· course, everyone is entitled to his opinion of our fellow citizens of Japanese descent. The question of their loyalty to the land of their birth may, however, be debated interminably without getting an answer. Nothing short of war between the United States and Japan would actually demonstrate the fiber of the Japanese-American population or settle the question of their loyalty to the Stars and Stripes. No one would want such a calamity as war in order to find the answer.

V cry likely, the militant disposition of Japan enters into and affects the subject, but the Americans of Japanese anccstr;• arc no more to blame for the attitude of the govcmment of Japan than arc the rest of us.

While we should not expect too much of the first generation of Hawaiian-born Japanese, such evidence as is available, to my mind, indicates that they can be trusted. They must realize that their situation as American citizens living in these islands or else­where in the United States is superior to that of their cousins in Japan. If any of them entertain a contrary view, they are at liberty to go to Japan to live. As time goes on and their parents pass from the scene and their own children come into the picture, a long step further removed from the original environment, the question of loyalty will pass into the limbo of forgotten debates.

Notwithstanding the presence in these islands of a large alien population, competent and conservative government has been maintained both prior and subsequent to annexation.

Lastly, as to the resources of the territory-This is primarily an agricultural community, and it is a well known fact that in point of scientific and successful agriculture Hawaii has no supenor.

Hawaii not only contributes more to the federal treasury than do many of tlzc· states, but is one of the mainland's best customers.

Yet each of those states thus surpassed by Hawaii is re­presented in congress by two senators and one or more represen­tatives who look after its interests, while Hawaii has only a vote­less delegate.

Hawaii buys more from the mainland than do such enormous countries as China, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina or Cuba, and only three countries of the world, Rritain, Canada and Japan. sell more

HAWAII-THE 49th STATE? 69

to the mainland United States than does Hawaii. These important facts can not be shunted aside when we ask

that our right to statehood be seriously considered. Could Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Montana, Nevada or New

Mexico, or any of the other western territories have made any such showing when they were admitted to statehood?

It has been said that for military and naval reasons it is better that Hawaii remain a territory. It is not clear just what is meant by this. The change from territory to state would not change the popubtion, nor wouid it interfere wit:1 the national defense any more than statehood on the mainland affects the coast de­fenses there. and that is not at all. In the unhappy event of war in the Pacific, in any case these islands would presumably im­mediately be placed under martial law whether they be a terri­tory or state.

If I am correct in thinking that Hawaii possesses all the necessary qualifications for statehood, the next question is, do the people of this territory want statehood? The decision can not be forced upon us. It is for us to decide whether we want this territory to be made a state.

Sees Popular Support If the question should be submitted to popular vote, I believe

the great majority would vote in the affirmative. There is good reason for this view.

Not only are the people of this territory being taxed without representation, they are subject at any time to legislative dis­crimination.

Congress may not only abrogate laws enacted by the terri­torial legislature. but it may itself legislate directly fo,r the local government. TV e can be kicked about-and legally !?icked about -like the proverbial football.

HAWAII'S TOURIST INDUSTRY

VACATION traffic to the Hawaiian Islands has reached pro­portions where the business of catering to visitors has become

the Territory's "Third Industry" ranking right after sugar and pineapples.

The peak year for holiday travel to the Islands was 1929 when 22,190 vacationists and 22,262 "one-day tourists" (stopping aff at Honolulu en route to other destinations) visited the "Paradise of the Pacific." The volume of tourist traffic fell off sharply for the depression years following 1929, but the influx of visitors is on the upswing again and 1934 showed a gain of sixty per cent over the previous year. At the end of October, 1935, the travel count indicated that the year would show a gain of approximately . 25 per cent over 1934.

While no accurate travel statistics were kept prior to 1921, it is safe to say that holiday traffic to Hawaii has more than tripled in the past twenty years. The number of visitors to the Islands doubled in the five years from 1921 to 1926.

Conservative estimates based on carefully conducted surveys show that the travel industry brings to Hawaii amounts ranging from six millions to ten million dollars annually. These figures fluctuate with the volume of travel. Furthermore they do not indicate the indirect benefits and "invisible exports" that are always a part of any large interchange of travel. The residents of the Territory of Hawaii recognize the fact that their tourist industry brings contacts of friendship and live spiritual values that cannot be measured in dollars and cents. Our fellow citizens of con­tinental United States cannot help being enriched by a visit to the Hawaiian Islands-enriched with a broader viewpoint and with a better understanding of their own Territory of Hawaii and the contributions it makes, as an integral part of the United States, to the commerce and culture of the nation·.

Residents of Hawaii are great travelers and the Territory's travel business works both ways. Trips to the "mainland" are a regular part of the schedule of every Island business man. \Vhen it comes to vacation, the mainland gets the lion's share of travel

HAWAII'S TOURIST INDUSTRY 71

business from Hawaii. Pacific Coast states, especially, benefit from this traffic from Hawaii, and they likewise share in vaca­tion travel from the eastern states which has the Islands as its goal.

Vacation facilities-trans-Pacific steamship services, inter­island carriers, roads and hotels-have kept in step with the in­creased interest in Hawaii as a playground, and today these facili­ties are as fine as those enjoyed by any resort area in the world. Six large passenger steamship services call at Honolulu; and two island ports (Honolulu and Hilo) are on the itineraries of every important world cruise. Modern steamers are used on an efficient inter-island service and there is daily (except Sunday) passenger airplane service connecting Honolulu with the outside islands. The establishment of passenger airplane service between Hawaii-the mainland-and the Orient gives added impetus to the growth of the travel industry. On the four main islands there are forty tourist hotels ranging in size from small country inns to a hostelry at W aikiki beach in Honolulu-the Royal Hawaiian-that has been voted the finest in the world by more than one group of globe- . trotting tourists.

For thirty three years Hawaii, with paid advertisements and publicity by the Hawaii Tourist Bureau, has bid for a larger tourist trade.

The old Hawaii Promotion Committee (now the Tourist Bureau) was started in 1902 and, excepting the World \Var period, when its activities were very materially reduced, its efforts have always showed a gradual upward trend. Even during the war, when the government had commandeered most of Hawaii's pas­senger-carrying steamers, the organization was maintained and considerable information and publicity work carried on.

The Hawaii Tourist Bureau is an all-Hawaii body advertising the Islands as a whole and impartially promoting travel to every Island. It is also the official information body for the whole Territory.

It is maintained by Territorial appropriations and by funds subscribed by individual business houses and professional men, including steamship and hotel companies.

The Hawaii Tourist Bureau is governed by a group of re­presentative business men of the Territory who work without pay to conduct Hawaii's advertising effort in a businesslike and effi-

72 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

cient manner. They govern all policies and expenditures and employ an executive secretary as manager.

At the present time the committee consists of the following: Geo. P. Denison, Chairman; P. A. Swift, Vice-Chairman; Law­rence l\I. Judd, 2nd Vice-Chairman; Riley H. Allen; H. Alex. Anderson; LeRoy C. Bush; Frank J. Harlocker; Earl G. Hedc­mark; F. B. Herman; P. L. Kellerman; A. G. Budge; L. David Larsen; A. E. Kirk; l\1. R. Levey; Alfred l\lartinsen; M. W. Mitchell; L. P. Thurston; \Vm. H. Rice; General Briant H. Wells; and J. Howard Worrall.

Honolulu headquarters for the Hawaii Tourist Bureau are in the Dillingham building at the corner of Bishop and Queen streets. Visitors to the Islands are urged to use the facilities of the Tourist Bureau.

The Bureau maintains an efficient information department with maps, pamphlets and other travel data regarding the trips from Honolulu to the islands of Kauai, .Maui and Hawaii. A novel feature of this service is a Little Theatre, which makes possible showings at the information counter at any time of motion pictures of various sections of the islands.

In addition to this travel service, the Tourist Bureau keeps Hawaii visitors informed concerning entertainment features of special interest to travelers. Outstanding special events are listed on a To-Do-Today Bulletin posted at the Bureau's headquarters and other central places.

At the Bureau's office there is a "hometown newspaper corner" where papers from numerous mainland cities are kept on file. Another service is the maintenance of a library of mainland directories. These are the property of the Polk-Husted Directory Company.

HAW All DURING THE MONARCHY

HONOLULU'S FIRST FRAME DWELLING By THOS. G. THRUM IN 1897

An Historic Residence

SINCE public attention has been drawn to the "old mission house" by the press of Honolulu, much interest has been

manifest in what has been known, generally, as the "Cooke homestead," at Kawaiahao, in this city, but which seems to claim similar though briefer ties upon other well known families of mission ancestry, since it was the first wooden residence erected in Honolulu and has, therefore, served as birthplace and home for the Binghams, Thurstons, Arm strongs, J udds. Chamberlains, Halls and Cookes.

Residents of Honolulu today find it difficult to picture the town as it existed in 1821, either as to its general appearance; the privations experienced in house keeping, or the discomforts from its then isolated position-six to nine months from source of supplies. It was simply a village of thatched huts, streetless for the most part, and barren of trees save the groves of cocoa­nuts and occasional hau and kou trees that margined the shore:

74 ·HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

As late as 1828 a writer' describes the town as "a mass of brown huts, looking like so many hay-stacks in the country; not one white cottage, no church spire, not a garden nor a tree to be seen save the grove of cocoanuts."

It has ever been the fashion with non-sympathizers in the christian civilization at work in these islands to rail at the mis­sionaries and their labors, but until their influence had a chance to exercise its beneficent effect in the minds of King and the high chiefs, no foreigner dared to erect a house of any kind without royal permission, nor could any one hold any fee simple title to real estate in the country till Kauikeaouli ( Kamehameha III), influenced by the much maligned "missionary clique" in · power was induced to concede these rights not only to native but to foreign born residents alike.

It was under such conditions, and in conformity with the existing rules of the court, that Rev. H. Bingham, (father of our present townsman), in February 1821, applied to Liholiho, (Kamehameha II) for permission to provide the mission families with more comfortable accommodations than the grass huts afforded, to which he got this significant reply: "My father never allowed a foreigner to build a house in his country except for the king." The American Board had sent out the frame and material for a two story dwelling, from Boston, and its comforts and conveniences were sorely needed. A second request met with a more emphatic refusal, though he afterwards consented, but directed that work thereon should be deferred several weeks till he should return from Maui. This is known to have occurred about a month later and is our nearest date for the commence­ment of activities.

An observant chronicler', in referring to this event in the early history of the mission, states, that some time after the king's refusal he was again applied to by two of the missionaries who were accompanied by their wives. He again gave a negative reply, but while retiring and saying aloha to the numerous members of the royal household one of the ladies put in her feeble plea, in a broken language, as she stepped to the elbow of the king, when he, quick to discover and appreciate her want immediately replied,

1 Honolulu, Laura Fish Judd, page 2. 2 Life and Times of Lucy G. Thurston, pp. 57-58.

HAWAII DURING THE MONARCHY 75

"Yes, build." This incident was not spoken of till several days after when the king and several chiefs called and sat with the mission family at table, where, in the presence of all, he expressed his full approbation of their erecting the house.

The digging of the cellar was said, by slanderous foreigners, to be for the purpose of storing firearms and ammunition, a proof that the missionaries were spies in the land with designs on the country, and by similar stories sought to poison the native mind; arouse their fears, and produce a feeling of enmity. As a result it is said that guns on Punchbowl were trained on the suspicious excavations, but gradually the natives saw through the fallacy of all such reports. At last the house was completed and, as the present Mr. Bingham says, "the families all moved in. All, for there was no other place for them; and for years it was the home of the mission." Besides Rev. H. and Mrs. Bingham, Rev. Asa Thurston and wife, and Mr. Dan'! Chamberlain (the farmer) and family were at the time located in Honolulu to comprise the "all" who moved in. Upon its completion the king made a call dressed in his best, and in his best humor. He examined the house throughout and was delighted with it and expressed the wish that the good people of America would send him a house three stories high.

Mrs. Thurston gives this descriptive account of it.' "The wooden structure had been reared and finished, having board floors, glass windows, and two flights of stairs, one leading up chamber, and the other down cellar. The front door opened into the hall, which extended through the house. At the right, on entering, was the large common receiving room. On the left, my own private apartment. The two back rooms on either side of the hall, were for the accommodation of two other families. The table was spread in the basement, and the cook-house was separated a little distance from the house. Our families had entered and made it our home. The royal party with a large retinue came to view a thing so unique. * * * Then the root:~! It was lighted up with two glass windows. The floor and trimmings were painted. A friend gave us some paper to cover

1 Life and Times of Lucy G. Thurston, page 63.

76 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

its walls, just such as he happened to have, delicate and gay,-its color pink, its vines tinsel."

Naturally the premises were continually crowded, not only by the mission family occupants but by the frequent visits of the royal family, the high chiefs and throngs of common people as well as resident and visiting foreigners. Much of the time it was necessary to spread the dining room table three times a clay for fifty people. On the arrival of Dr. and Mrs. Judd in 1828. the latter states.' "It is no marvel that .Mr. and Mrs. B. look thin and careworn. Beside~ the care of her own family, Mrs. B. boarded and taught English to a number of native and half­caste children and youth. Fancy her, in the midst of these cares receiving an order from the King to make him a dozen shirts, with ruffled bosoms, followed by another for a whole suit of broadcloth."

This illustrates, in a measure, the difficulties of housekeeping in early clays, and the "servant girl" question cuts no figure in the premises, though it is evident their want was felt more keenly than now. The water question in the Kawaiahao section of town in those clays was solved by well digging to obtain but brackish water, while "the week's wash" was carried to the valley streams to have the life of the clothes pounded out by stones. Thus. housekeeping in the early mission days was not all that fancy, at times, painted it.

It is a matter of record to the credit of a people just emerging from heathenism, that no violence was threatened, or insult offered by any native to any inmate of this, or any other home for that matter, save in one instance by a drunken priest at Kailua, Hawaii; while on the other hand they have on several occasions rendered timely aid to mission families in repelling unwarranted attacks by foreigners. This house--of which we are dealing-was, on the occasion of the visit of the U. S. S. Dolphin, in 1826, the scene of a serious riot by her crew, in which, however, several of the sailors themselves received severe injuries. while Mr. and Mrs. Bingham and child, the chiefs and other natives that h"ad gathered in their defence escaped unhurt.2

It would be of interest at this time to be able to present in

1 Honolulu, by Laura Fish Judd, page 16. 2 Bingham's Sandwich Islands, pp. 286-9.

HAWAII DURING THE "MONARCHY 77

chronological order the various families that of right have claimed this "first mission house" as their home. As has been mentioned, the Judds became its inmates ·on their arrival in 1828, and were residents there till early in the "forties," when they moved across the way to the adobe building afterwards occupied by the Rev. E. W. Clark, now torn down, and part of the Kawaiahao Seminary premises.

It has been said that an Armstrong and a Bingham were born here on the same day. This was during the "thirties", the Armstrongs arriving at these islands in 1832. The family immediately preceding the Cooke's occupancy, claiming it as home were the Halls, it being the birthplace of our present worthy townsman \V m. \V. Hall. Mr. and Mrs. X S. Cooke, and family moved to it from the Royal school premises, on Palace \Valk, about the year 1850, and the house has since been known by their honored name, though unoccupied the past few years.

In October, 1896, meeting of the Hawaiian Mission Childrens' (or "cousins") Society was made memorable by being held in this house around which cluster so many historic memories, for which occasion it was "lit from cellar to garret." The evening was made thoroughly reminiscent, not only by the present H. Bingham's narration of "the story of the house," but in the personal ex­periences and recollections given by several other of the "cousins" present, much of which was humorous and all intensely interest­ing. Of course, as with all houses having cellars and garrets, whose dark corners seem to possess remarkable accumulative powers, consequently a peculiar charm and fascination for young­sters gifted with the "bump of curiosity," not a few vivid memories centered around these nooks of the old homestead. Messrs. Bingham and Cooke referred to the attractions of the little garret into which it was possible to crawl through an outside window, and there in dust and silence to view many of the idol relics of ancient days-gone now, nobody knows where.

As on many occasions in the early days of the house, its capacity of accommodation was taxed on the evening of the meet­ing above mentioned. There had been intimations given that it was likely to be demolished in the n~ar future. This fact, with a general invitation for all persons interested to be present,

78 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

whether members of the society, or not, drew out many others, visiting strangers among the number, so that "standing room was at a premium." Various projects· were suggested to insure its preservation. The building as a whole, and especially the timbers, were observed to be in good condition. This observation led several to remark that it would be unfortunate to tear down a structure around which was clustered associations of the first advancement of the Hawaiian nation along the lines of civilization -a structure whose doors had admitted daily the kings and chiefs of olden times. But this was not the subject of the evening's meeting and was not dealt with.

Several members of "the old homestead" were present, and as Mrs. Montague-Turner, responding to the desire. for a musical selection, rendered "Home, sweet Home," most feelingly, it could not but recall to many the musical influence which this home has exercised in our island community.

The premises were recently sold at auction to wind up the estate of the late "Mother" Cooke, but it is still in the family, having been bought by A. Frank Cooke. The statement is now made that the building will not be demolished, for the present at least, and in evidence of the fact it is being reshingled, and otherwise repaired for another lease of life. Our illustration shows the homestead as it appeared in November, 1896.

NOTE: In June, 1935, the building was again thoroughly renovated, retaining the same shape and plan as originally built, and is now in good state of preservation.

HAW All IN THE EARLY DAYS By M. v. FERRY

CENSUS

AT the time of the discovery of the HAW AllAN ISLANDS by Captain Cook (January 17, 1778) while en route to the

Northwest Coast, it was estimated by him that the population of the Islands was 400,000, all native Hawaiians, though early settlers considered this by far too high. Evidences existed how­ever, in the miles of fish pond enclosures, auwais (meaning water courses), kuaunas (taro patch divisions), heiaus (temples), etc. to indicate these Islands as having been thickly peopled. Today the Hawaiian people number approximately 22,000.

The development of the sugar industry since the arrival of the American Missionaries in 1820, followed in later years by pineapples, changed living conditions in the Islands. It created a market for selling produce, and has been responsible for the development of a great many of the larger subsidiary industries and for the expansion of our retail and wholesale establishments, many of which have established a world wide reputation.

The change soon created a shortage of labor that was not so easily solved. Fishing as an industry was one of the most romantic, profitable and interesting occupations in which the early Hawaiians engaged, and industry was forced to look for labor elsewhere.

The Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society, organized in 1850, undertook to bring about the immigration of laborers, and in 1852 some 300 Chinese arrived from Hongkong. With this first con­tingent Hawaii thus began to be the "melting pot of the Pacific."

The Bureau of Immigration was organized in 1865, and from that year to 1886, 33,000 Chinese laborers were brought to Hawaii. They were followed shortly by the Polynesian laborers, when several thousand natives wer~ brought from the Caroline, Danger, Gilbert and other Pacific Islands. It was felt that these people would mix with the Hawaiian race and the identity of that race would not be lost or changed. From this angle, however, the project proved a failure.

80 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

The next move was the immigration of Portuguese laborers, the first group arriving from Portugal in 1877 on the "Priscilla." Between that time and 1888, 10,000 people arrived and sool! adjusted themselves to their agricultural environment, and became a real asset to the rural life of Hawaii.

In 1885 Japanese labor arrived in Hawaii, and from that time until the e_nactment of the Exclusion Act, they arrived in large numbers, and at the present time they constitute over one-third of the entire population of Hawaii.

The immigration of Porto Ricans at one time was consider­able. Koreans also came in fairly large numbers, and in recent years, labor immigration has been confined almost exclusively ·to Filipinos who now number approximately 57,000. Now that the Philippine Government has been granted its independence, labor from this source is ended .

Hence, Hawaii's young people must either help to solve its labor needs and requirements or look forward to another long period of adjustment. The sugar industry is the largest and most important in Hawaii, furnishing employment to a greater number of people than any other industry. At present it employs about 55,000 people, distributed amongst the 41 plantations, which since 1930 have produced over 900,000 tons of sugar annually.

The population of Hawaii, as summarized in the 187 5 (first) issue of the Hawaiian Almanac & Annual (Thrum's) follows:

Census taken Dec. 27,1872 1935 Estimate Native Hawaiians ........................ 49,044 21,796 Part Hawaiians .......................... 2,487 34,419 Chinese .. ········-······························ 1,938 26,989

·Portuguese .. ................................ 395 29,236 Other Caucasians ........................ 3,033 55,155 Japanese .. .................................... 148,024 Filipinos .. .................................... 56,700 Koreans .. .................................... 6,638

56,897 378,957

FIRST STEAMER IN HAWAIIAN WATERS IN 1846 H .. B. .M's. Steamer "Cormorant", Sir George W. Gordon,

Commander arriving at Honolulu from Callao, May 22, 1846,

4!-l\8

HA vV Ail IN THE EARLY DAYS 81

was the first steamer that had arrived at these Islands, and naturally attracted great attention, creating no little excitement among the native population. At the time of her visit, the King was absent on the Island of Hawaii, but she was visited by the late Governor Kekuanawa and suite, with many natives of both sexes, the Mission families, and many others.

FIRST NEWSPAPER IN HAWAII

(From Thrum's Annual 1876)

On the 7th of January, 1822, the first printing ever done on these Islands was executed at the establishment of the American Mission. It was an edition of the Primary Spelling Book, in Hawaiian, and the King, Kamehameha II, pulled the first sheet.

The first newspaper printed here was called the "LAMA HAW Ail"-The Light of Hawaii-and appeared at Lahainaluna, Maui on the 14th of February, 1834, in the native language.

The first newspaper in the English language was the "Sand­wich Islands Gazette" printed in Honolulu from 1836 to 1839. The office was in a building called the "Pagoda" belonging to the late Wm. French which stood in the rear of the lot occupied by the brick building of G. Rhodes, Esq. The editor of the "Gazette" was one S. D. Mackintosh and his paper appeared in troublous times. The "Gazette" was coarsely and violently op­posed to the government of the day, and abused the American Missionaries without stint. It died for want of support in 1839, its last number appearing the week that the French frigate "L'Artemise' 'Captain Laplace, left Honolulu, taking with him $20,000 as "a deposit" from the King "as a guarantee of his future conduct towards France, in connection with the establish­ment of the Roman Cotholic Mission in these Islands.

"The Honolulu Times" was started November 7th, 1849, by H. L. Sheldon, who was succeeded May 1st, 1850 by E. C. Munn. The publication of the "Times" was continued until Mr. Munn's

84 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

courtesy of the British Consulate at Honolulu, to build up a co­herent account of just what. did take place in regard to this in­teresting incident in the history of Hawaii.

In 1844 General William Miller arrived at Honolulu to assume the office of Consul General for Great Britain. With him came Robert Crichton Wyllie acting as secretary. Miller's consular­domain extended over most of the "Islands of the Pacific" and he sought the first available opportunity to make of survey of these same islands. During his absence Wyllie acted as pro-consul.

Wyllie seems to have taken a great interest in the small com­munity of Pitcairn Island, for, on September 7, 1844, he wrote to the Earl of Aberdeen, giving an account of the islanders which he had "gleaned from the conversations of Lieut. Hunt of Her 1'1ajesty's Ketch Basilisk." Lieut. Hunt had stayed at Pitcairn Island from the 28th to the 31st of July by order of Rear Admiral Thomas. \Vyllie gives the population as 119, 58 males and 61 females, and concludes his letter-

"The Island is still capable of supporting that and a greater population, but the time will soon arrive, when they will require more space, and Mr. Hunt thinks that the Bonin Islands would be an eligible place to transport them to."

After Consul General Miller's return to Oahu, Wyllie became Minister of Foreign Affairs under Kamehameha III.

Further mention of the Pitcairn Islanders does not appear in the Foreign Office correspondence until April 8, 1848, when Consul General Miller wrote Viscount Palmerston,

"My Lord, I have the honor to enclose herewith to Your Lordship,

a Letter which Mr. Nobbs, Pastor and Schoolmaster on Pitcairn's Island, has addressed to me, describing the embarrassing position in which the interesting and praiseworthy little Community there is placed, and setting forth the necessity "that exists of, at all events, some of them seeking another place of abode, in con­sequence of the present insufficiency of land fit for cultivation to support their increasing number, which already amounted to 139, of whom .72 were Males, and 67 Females.

"In my reply to Mr. Nobbs, of which I also herewith trans­mit a copy, I have suggested that one or two Families, or about twenty of the Inhabitants of Pitcairn's Islands, avail themselves

PITCAIRN ISLANDERS 85

of the first good opportunity to remove to the Sandwich Islands where, I am of opinion they could be comfortably located as British Subjects. I have offered to contribute, if requisite, two hundred dollars towards defraying the expenses of their passage after their arrival here, and then to have them properly attended to until they get settled, which I frust will meet with Your Your Lordship's approbation."

The following day Miller wrote Mr. Bidwell, "I have not yet got an answer from Mr. Brown respecting the

Pitcairn Islanders, of whom my Desptach No. 7 treats. but that Gentleman has sent me word that he will reply in a few days. Dr. Wod, one of the most respectable Foreign Residents on these Islands, and who is the Owner of the Koloa Estate on Atooi (Kauai) would willingly employ and assist any Pitcairn Emi­grants, but Mr. Brown being an Englishman and having his wife and family with him, would be, it appears to me, the best person of the two to attend to such Members of that interesting little Community who might make their appearance here. I have not yet thought it worth while to speak to this Government about them."

That the British Government was interested in this project is seen by the following reply.

"Foreign Office Sept. 7, 1848. "Sir:

I have received your despatch No. 7 of the 11th of April last detailing the steps you had taken upon receiving Mr. George Nobb's letter from Pitcairn's Island, relative to the urgent necessity of removing some of the British Inhabitants of that Island to some of the other Islands in the Pacific; and I have to express to you my approval of the reply which you sent to Mr. Nobb's letter.

"It appears to Her Majesty's Government to be very desirable to provide the means for enabling the surplus Population of Pitcairn's Island to remove to some other Islands in the Pacific where Land can be allotted to them sufficient to maintain them, and where their Industry and good conduct may contribute to the wellbeing of such Islands.

"I therefore rely on your judgment and discretion in this.

86 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

matter and authorize you to expend on the part of Her Majesty's Government the sum of Three hundred Dollars to facilitate this object.

"You will report to me the steps which you may take in pursuance of this Instruction, together with such other informa­tion as you may obtain upon the subject.

"You will reimburse yourself for the sum you may expend in this Service by a Bill upon the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury.

"I atn, "Sir,

"Your most obedient, "humble Servant,

"PALMERSTON."

So the idea of transplanting the natives of Pitcairn Island to Hawaii was evidently conceived in the versatile brain of Robert Crichton Wyllie and nourished in that of Consul General Miller.

In the Spring of 1849 Mr. Buffet came to Honolulu from Pitcairn Island and while here discussed the Pitcairn Islanders with Miller, who on May 21, 1849, wrote Lord Palmerston:

"Mr. Buffett, who came here upwards of two months since to undergo a Surgical operation will avail himself of this oppor­tunity now afforded to him to return Home and explain to his Fellow Inhabitants of Pitcairn's Island the nature of the Loca­tions which a portion of them may count upon at the Sandwich "and Society Islands should they remove to either of these Groups.

"Of the Sandwich Islands I consider that of Atooi (Kauai) as offering most inducements for a similar object, since in the vicinity of Hanalei, its principal Port, reside two respectable English Families possessing an extensive grazing Estate and a large Coffee Plantation, with much good land uncultivated, whilst at a distance of fourteen miles from the same port another respectable English Family is residing on a fine property of their own. On one or each of these separate Estates some of the British Inhabitants of Pitcairn's Island could be comfortably and advantagously located should they imigrate to the Sandwich Islands."

Again on June 4, 1849, Miller wrote informing Palmerston that "It now remains for the British Inhabitants of Pitcairn's

PITCAIRN ISLANDERS 87

Island to make known to me their further wishes respecting the removal of some of them as contemplated to Huahine or to the Sandwich Islands."

In 1850, while Baron de Thierry was at Honolulu, Miller questioned him closely concerning the Pitcairn Islanders and to which questions the Baron replied in a lengthy letter, as he had lived amongst them for four weeks, lauding their industry and enterprize but stressing the increasing population and the "horrible position to which they must ultimately come for want of food."

In March 1852, Miller again wrote Palmerston saying that if those of the Pitcairn Islanders who wished to could be removed to an appropriate Island they would "extensively augment the number of Moral and Loyal British Subjects on the South Sea Islands, an object so desirable especially looking to the future." But the Pitcairn Islanders refused to come to Hawaii and Miller was forced to write to Addington,. March 30, 1853:

"I received letters from the Pitcairn Islanders. These excel­lent People do not manifest any desire, at present, to be removed.

"Some Landed Proprietors at the Sandwich Islands are be­coming desirous to offer Homesteads to any of the Families who would like to come here; but it would be, I think a pity for them to live under any other than the British Flag; indeed such is their enthusiastic Love and Veneration for The Queen that I do not believe they would, under any circumstances, consent to change their colours."

No further attempt was made to bring the Pitcairn Islanders to Hawaii, but the people here sent provisions, clothing and other necessities to them.

So the original idea was conceived by Wyllie and the plans worked out by Miller, both of whom were aroused by the fear. of the overpopulation of the small, industrious community on Pitcairn Island. Hawaii offered them lands and care. The British Government offered $300. toward the expense of their transportation to Hawaii. The Pitcairn Islanders refused all these inducements. Upon their refusal to be transported, Miller after so strongly advocating this plan, offered the suggestion that it would be a "pity for them to live under any other than the British Flag." And so nothing ever came of the plan to bring the Pitcairn Islanders to Hawaii.

ON THE COMMEMORATION OF CENTENNIAL OF DISCOVERY

Speech of Hon. \V . .:11. Gibson before the Hawaiian Legislature, 187'l.

I DO not wish to see the Assembly of 1878 close without saying a word in behalf of the commemoration of the introduction

of this archipelago to the knowledge of the civilized world, one hundred years ago. I shall regret, and I feel that all thoughtful friends of Hawaiians would regret, to hav~ the centennial of dis­covery pass by without notice.

There are those who will sneer at this commemoration, as there are many to be found who will mock at every sentiment and every hope that is not immediately productive of some result in the shape of dollars. But what do I ask you to commemorate-you, Hawaiian legislators? You, representatives of the people, gathered here in orderly assemblage-in this noble hall, panoplied with the insignia, the crown, the sceptre, and banner of free and enlightened gov:ernment, and presenting a spectacle of senatorial deliberation and decorum which will compare favorably with parliamentary proceedings in many older and more cultured civilizations? What is there to commemorate? What shall I say? What but present a contrast with which your own minds must be busy, between this year and this scene and what may have happened here one hundred years ago? 'vVe can imagine in 1778, on the site where we are assembled, a crowd of half-naked savages, mingling their loud, discordant cries with the dissonant beat of the ancient rude drum. The smoke for a sacrifice ascends, and we can picture an uplifted club falling upon a human victim to beat out his brains, where now the mallet of our worthy President only strikes to preserve peace and good will. This, 0, Hawaiians! this stride from savage disorder to our present order, is something worthy of your commemoration.

· The past one hundred years have brought many losses and sorrows to t'1e people of these Islands, but let us glance at the blessings that have come with the century. These witnesses, look­ing down from the walls of our legislative hall, will help us to review the past. See the conquering hero, in his royal feather

CENTENNIAL OF DISCOVERY 89

cloak-the Puhikapa of the olden warrior time. He began our century with savage war and massacre, and yet he was chiefly the destroyer of cruelty and superstition, and waded through human blood for the sake of enduring peace within his native isles. He was among tl~e first to greet the discoverer Cook on board his ship in 1778, when off Lahaina, and this Hawaiian chief's great mind, though a mere youth then, well appreciated the mighty changes that must follow after the arrival of the white stranger. He met destiny with the mind of a philosopher and a patriot. and Kamehameha, the barbarian conqueror, welcomed the new era with the spirit of an enlightened statesman; he made the white men his friends.

Next look upon Liholiho, his son, the bold, headstrong Prince. who, after the death of the conqueror, goes on with the work of peace and enfranchisement, and marks a noble period in Hawaiian history. Need we glance at anything more than the breaking of the tabuse, and especially the restoration of Hawaiian women to an equal condition with the rest of their race? To be a woman before, was to be an animal feeding in an outer kennel; but Liho­liho tramples on the cruel superstition, and the woman of these isles joins her lord and her lover at the feast and may rest on his bosom as she feeds.

Now we will gaze on the benevolent face of Kauikeaouli, he who portioned out his dominions to his people, and who abdicated absolute sovereignty in behalf of the majesty of law. He too, like the great founder of the Kingdom, took worthy white men into his confidence; and Richards, Haalilio, Lee, Judd and \Vyllie helped worthily to illustrate the enlightened reign of Kamehameha III.

And next behold the face of the second I.iholiho, the courteous and gentlemanly Prince. How his heart yearned for the life and welfare of his people! This love of a Hawaiian King is illustrated by our noble hospital, which will stand as a proud monument of the benevolent Kamehameha IV, and his gracious spouse, who is still with us.

We will look now upon the resolute face of the King with the strong arm. He gave what Hawaii needs, a vigorous adminis­tration; and it will be well for her to he led by a spirit of authority, so forcibly illustrated by Kamehameha V.

90 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Who comes next? ·where is the noble face of Lunalilo? It is not here, where it should be, but all the more conspicuous to our minds by absence, like the statue of Brutus, when removed from the procession at Rome, causing Brutus to be present all the more in every heart. What a hope of the Hawaiian people was this Prince ! He was of the blood of those that were once esteemed as gods, and was always King in the hearts of Hawaiians. He passed away like a dream, but his coming brought the gift of higher political privilege to the people. And now to-day, at the end of the hundred years, we stand face to face with King Kalakaua, the seventh of the royal line from the founder. His Majesty ascended the Throne amid a storm, but this reign and this era have spendid opportunities; for it is Kalakaua's privilege, as the crowned and anointed King of Hawaiians, to become the foremost man of Polynesia, nay even of all aboriginal Oceanica. And is not this history at which we have glanced worthy of some commemoration? All nations keep their epochs and their eras. Rome elated from her foundation, and Greece from her Olympic games. Iceland, the dreary, frozen isle, a little while ago cele­brated her thousandth year since her discovery and settlement; and a King, and great nobles and statesmen from foreign lands were pleased to take part in the celebration. The great centennial of America and its celebration are fresh in our memories. By commemorating notable periods, nations renew as they review their national life. And they mark the commemoration with some monument or memorial. Usually it was a temple or a statue, or a medal. In modern times, eras are marked by exhibitions of material progress, as well as works of art.

We have neglected our opportunity for an exhibition of our material progress, but we can mark the close of our epoch by some work of art.

In proposing this resolution, I have not made up my mind as to the shape in which our commemoration should manifest itself. Some would appreciate a utilitarian monument, such as a promi­nent lightho!Jse; others, a building for instruction or a museum; and I highly appreciate the utilitarian view, yet I am inclined to favor a work of art. And what is the most notable event, and character, apart from discovery, in this century, for Hawaiians to commemorate? \Vhat else but the consolidation of the archi-

CENTENNIAL OF DISCOVERY 91

pelago by the hero Kamehameha? The warrior chief of Kohala towers far above any other one of his race in all Oceanica. His character, in view of his remarkable situation, will ere long largely command the attention of thoughtful and noble minds of all lands. This appreciation of his character I hope to promote with my feeble pen; and his fame will be raised as a proud memento for Hawaii. Therefore let Hawaiians, especially you Hawaiian Nobles and Representatives, lift up your hero before the eyes of the people, not only in story, but in everlasting bronze. Thus en­lightened nations commemorate their heroes and good men. You have never yet contributed anything towards such a commemora­tion. The paintings on these walls were gifts, or contributions from various sources. The British Parliament and the American Congress, and other representative bodies of enlightened States, have each voted hundreds of thousands of dollars for monuments to their great chiefs and teachers, such as Napoleon, Wellington, Washington, Howard, Penn and Rousseau. The Hawaiian Legis­lature must now prove its enlightenment in a similar recognition of the heroes of its history. Let us begin in this our centennial year, and vote a liberal sum, not merely to commemorate a period, but a hero.

Such money is well spent. Some would say that money ex­pended for a non-productive purpose like this, or as was said the other day in the assembly, for the support of lepers, and other helpless people, was money thrown into the sea. But I don't think so. Is money spent for love thrown away? Such investment is the kind of treasure that is laid up in heaven. Or what we do for honor's sake-is it a waste? Yes: and I tell you that money spent in the way of a public spirited commemoration will come back to us an hundred fold in higher honor and consideration from others. We have, I know, portioned out all our public treasure, nay more than our estimate of receipts, for salaries, and high­ways, and for education, and the sick; and I am glad that you have done so. We have done no more than what a reasonable estimate of our resources would warrant; and if our income will not meet all that we propose, an intelligent Ministry will know where it is best to limit the expenditure. But after all, we must try to reserve a little for the sake of patriotism, and history, and honor, and for an expression of our advanced civilization.

92 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

And now I have made my appeal. I leave it especially with you, Hawaiian Nobles and Representatives. As you care for your country, your nationality, and your independence, you will heed it; and let your patriotism find expression in a monument to com­memorate the most notable event in your history, and the greatest of your heroes.

Note.-The sum of $10,000 was voted by the Legislature for a :\femoria! Statue of bronze of Kamehameha I which stands in front of the Judiciary Building on King street.

TREATY OF RECIPROCITY {in 1876)

WHEREAS, by the advice and approval of the Legislature of our Kingdom, we did enter into a Convention with the

United States of America on the subject of Commercial Reci­procity, which said Convention was concluded and signed by our Plenipotentiaries and the Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, at the City of Washington, on the 30th day of January, 1875, and as Amended by the Contracting Parties is word for word

' as follows: The United States of America and His Majesty the King of

the Hawaiian Islands, equally animated by the desire to strengthen and perpetuate the friendly relations which have heretofore uni­formly existed between them, and to consolidate their commercial intercourse, have resolved to enter into a Convention for Com­mercial Reciprocity. For this purpose, the President of the United States has conferred full powers on Hamilton Fish, Secretary of State, and His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands has conferred like powers on Honorable Elisha H. Allen, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Chancellor of the Kingdom, Mem­ber of the Privy Council of State, His Majesty's Envoy Extra­ordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States of America, and Honorable Henry A. P. Carter, Member of the Privy Council of State, His lVIajesty's Special Commissioner to the United States of America. And the said Plenipotentiaries, after having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in due form, have agreed to the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

For and in consideration of the rights and privileges granted by His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands in the next succeeding article of this Convention, and as an equivalent there­for, the United States of America hereby agree to admit all the articles named in the following schedule, the same being the growth and manufacture or produce of the Hawaiian Islands, into all the ports of the United States, free of duty.

94 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

SCHEDULE.

Arrow-root; Bananas; Castor Oil; Nuts; Hides and Skins, undressed ; Pulu, Rice; Seeds, Plants, Shrubs, or Trees; Muscovado, brown, and all other unrefined Sugar, meaning hereby

the grades of sugar heretofore commonly imported from the Hawaiian Islands, and now known in the markets of San Francisco and Portland as "Sandwich Island Sugar;"

Syrups of Sugar-cane, Melado, and Molasses; Tallow; Vegetables, dried and undried, preserved and unpreserved.

ARTICLE II.

For and in consideration of the rights and privileges granted by the United States of America in the preceding article of this Convention, and as an equivalent therefor, His :l\Iajesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands hereby agrees to admit all the articles named in the following schedule, the same being the growth, manu­facture, or produce of the United States of America, into all the ports of the Hawaiian Islands, free of duty.

SCHEDULE.

Agricultural Implements; Animals; Beef, Bacon, Pork, Ham, and all fresh, smoked, or preserved

meats; Boots and Shoes; Bricks, Lime, and Cement; Butter, Cheese, Lard, Tallow; Bullion; Coal; Cordage, naval stores, including Tar, Pitch, Resin, Turpen­

tine raw and rectified; Copper and Composition Sheating, Nails and Bolts; Cotton and manufactures of cotton, bleached and unbleached, and

whether or not colored, stained, painted, or printed; Doors, Sashes1 and Blinds ; Eggs; Fish and Oysters, and all other creatures living in the water, and

the products thereof; Fruits, Nuts, and Vegetables, green, dried or undried, preserved

TREATY OF RECIPROCITY 95

or unpreserved; Grain, Flour, Meal, and Bran, bread and breadstuffs, of all kinds; Hardware; Harness, and all manufacture of leather; Hides, Furs, Skins, and Pelts, dressed or undressed;

. Hoop Iron and Rivets, Nails, Spikes, and Bolts, Tacks, Brads, or Sprigs;

Ice; Iron and Steel, and manufactures thereof; Leather; Lumber and Timber of all kinds, round, hewed, sawed

and unmanufactured, in whole or in part; lVIachinery of all kinds, engines and parts thereof ; Oats and Hay; Paper, Stationery, and Books, and all manufactures of paper or

of paper and wood; Petroleum and all oils for lubricating or illuminating purposes; Plants, Shrubs, Trees, and Seeds; Rice; Sugar, refined or unrefined; Salt; Soap; Starch; Shooks, Staves, and Headings; Tobacco, whether in leaf or manufactured; Textile manufactures, made of a combination of wool, cotton,

silk, or linen, or of any two or more of them other than when ready-made clothing;

Wool, and manufactures of wool, other than ready-made clothing; Wagons and Carts for the purposes of agriculture or of drayage ; Wood, and manufactures of wood, or of wood and metal, except

furniture either upholstered or carved, and carriages.

ARTICLE III. The evidence that articles proposed to be admitted into the ports

of the United States of America, or the ports of the Hawaiian Islands, free of duty, under the first and second articles of this Convention, are the growth, manufacture, or produce of the United States of America or of the Hawaiian Islands respectively, shall be established under such rule and regulations and conditions for the protection of the revenue, as the two Governments may from time to time respectively prescribe.

ARTICLE IV.

No export duty or charges shall be imposed in the Hawaiian Islands, or in the United States, upon any of the articles proposed

96 H A \VA I I A N A N N U A L

to be admitted into the ports of the United States or the ports of the Hawaiian Islands free of duty under the first and second articles of this Convention. It is agreed, on the part of His Hawaiian Majesty, that, so long as this treaty shall remain in force, he will not lease or otherwise dispose of, or create any lien upon any port, harbor, or other territory in his dominions, or grant any special privileges or rights of use therein, to any other power, state or government, nor make any treaty by which any other nation shall obtain the same privileges, relative to the admission of any articles free of duty, hereby secured to the United States.

ARTICLE v. The present Convention shall take effect as soon as it shall have

been approved and proclaimed by His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Islands, and shall have been ratified and duly pro­claimed on the part of the Government of the United States, but not until a law to carry it into operation shall have been passed by the Congress of the United States of America. Such assent having been given, and the ratifications of the Convention having been exchanged, as provided in Article VI, the Convention shall remain in force for seven years from the date at which it may come into operation; and further, until the expiration of twelve months after either of the contracting parties shall give notice to · the other of its wish to terminate the same; each of the high contracting parties being at liberty to give such notice to the other at the end of the said term of seven years, or at any time thereafter.

ARTICLE VI.

The present Convention shall be duly ratified, and the ratifica­tions exchanged at Washington city, within eighteen months from the date hereof, or earlier if possible.

In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries of the high contracting parties have signed this present Convention, and have affixed thereto their respective seals.

Done in duplicate, at ·washington, the thirtieth day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five. ·

(SEAL] (SEAL] (SEAL]

HAl\IILTON FISH. ELISHA H. ALLEN. HENRY A. P. CARTER.

TREATY OF RECIPROCITY 97

AND, WHEREAS, the said Convention, as amended, was ratified by ourselves on the 17th day of April, 1875, and by His Excellency the President of the United States of America, on the 31st of May, 1875, and the said ratifications were exchanged at the City of Washington, June 3rd, 1875.

Now, therefore, we do proclaim and make public the same to the end that it and every Clause and Article thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by every person within our Kingdom. And the said Convention shall go into ef feet as soon as intelligence is received that the Government of the United States has made the necessary provisions for carrying it into opera­tion.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hand and [L. S.] caused the Seal of our Kingdom to be affixed this 17th

day of June, A. D. 1876. KALAKAUA R.

BY THE KING,

W. L. GREEN, l\Iinister of Foreign Affairs.

HAW AllAN TRADITION OF THE ORIGIN OF FIRE

Translated for this issue of the Annual, by Rev. A. 0. Forbes (in 1879)

MAUl and Hina dwelt together, and to them there were born four sons, whose names were Maui-mua, Maui-hope, Maui­

kiikii, and Maui-o-kalana. These four were fishermen. One morning, just as the edge of the dawn lifted itself up, Maui-mua roused his brethren to go fishing. So they launched their canoe from the beach at Kaupo, on the island of Maui, where they were dwelling, and proceeded to the fishing ground. Having arrived there, they were beginning to fish, when Maui-o-kalana saw the light of a fire on the shore they had left, and said to his elder brethren: "Behold, there is a fire burning; whose can this fire be?" And they answered, "vVhose, indeed! Let us return to the shore that we may get our food cooked; but first let us get some fish." So, after they had obtained some fish, they turned toward the shore, and when the canoes touched the beach Maui­mua leaped ashore and ran toward the spot where the fire was burning. Now, the curly-tailed Alae (mud-hen) were the keepers of the fire, and when they saw him coming, they scratched the fire out and flew away. Maui-mua was defeated, and returned to the house to his brethren. Then said they to him, "How about the fire?" '"How, indeed," he answered; "when I got there, behold there was no fire, it was out. I supposed some man had the fire, and behold, it was not so; the alae are the proprietors of the fire, and our bananas are all stolen."

When they heard that they were filled with wrath, and decided not to go fishing again, but to wait for the next appearance of the fire. But after many days had passed without their seeing the fire, they went fishing again, and behold, there was the fire! And so they were continually tantalized. Only when they were out fishing would the fire appear, and when they returned they could not find it.

This was lhe way of it: The curly-tailed alae knew that Maui and Hina had only these four sons, and if any of them staid on shore to watch the fire while the others were out in the canoes,

HA \V AllAN TRADITION OF FIRE 99

the alae knew it by counting those in the canoes, and would not light the fire. Only when they could count the four men in the canoes would they light the fire. So Maui-mua thought it over, and said to his brethren, "To-morrow morning do you go fishing, and I will stay ashore. But do you take the tall calabash and dress it in kapa, and put it in my place in the canoe, and then go out to fish."

They did so, and when they went out to fish the next morning, the alae counted and saw the four figures in the canoe, and then they lit the fire and put the bananas on to roast. Before they were fully cooked, one of the alae cried out, ''Our dish is cooked! Behold, Hina has a smart son." And with that :Maui-mua, who had stolen close to them unperceived, leaped forward, seized the curly-tailed alae, and exclaimed, "Now I will kill you, you scamp of an alae! Behold it is you who are keeping the fire from us. I'll be your death for this!" Then answered the alae, "If you kill me the secret dies with me, and you won't get the fire." Then Maui-mua began to wring its neck. But the alae again spoke and said, "Let me live and you shall have the fire." So Maui-mua said, ''Tell me, where is the fire?" The alae replied, "It is in the leaf-stalk of the Ape plant." So, by the direction of the alae, Maui-mua began to rub the leaf-stalk of the ape with a piece of stick, but the fire would not come. Again he asked, "\Vhere is the fire?" And the alae said, "In the leaf-stalk of the kala." And he tried that also without success. And that is the reason why there is a long hollow on the leaf-stalk of the ape and kala to this clay. Agai~1 he asked, "Where is this fire that you are hiding from me?" The alae answered, "In a green stick." And he rubbed a green stick but go no fire. So it went on, until finally the alae told him he would find it in a dry stick. And so indeed he die!. But Maui-mua, in revenge for the conduct of the alae, after he had got the fire from the dry stick, said, "Now there is one more thing to try," and he rubbed the top of the alae's head till it was red with blood, and the red spot remains there to this day.

A TRIP TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS

I3y E. S. Baker, in 1877

THE Sandwich or Hawaiian Islands are twelve in number, eight of which are inhabited: Hawaii, Maui, Kahoolawe,

Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai and Niihau. Molokini, Lehua, Kaula and Bird Island are barren rocks. The Hawaiian Islands lie in the North Pacific, stretching from latitude 19 degrees to 23 degrees, and from west longitude ISS degrees to 161 degrees, about 2,100 miles from San Francisco, 4,480 miles from Sydney, and 4,880 miles from China. They possess the general attractive characteristics of tropical groups, and have a perfection of climate and remarkably charming scenery, which, in many places I have visited, is so delightfully beautiful as to suggest being in an earthly paradise.

Vessels approaching Honolulu from the eastward, generally run along the windward shores of Maui and Molokai and pass through the Oahu channel, and as soon as they are observed, often twenty­five miles from port, they are telegraphed by the watchman at the signal station on the ridge back of Diamond Head, so that the pilot meets them between the harbor entrance and the above head­land. As the steamer passes this remarkable promontory-Diamond Head-and opens to view the extensive cocoanut groves of Wai­kiki, its pretty cottages dotting the shore, the shipping, and the city almost buried in foliage, in the distance, with the lofty back­ground of serrated mountains and near foreground of wind­combed, snow-crested breakers, curling many miles to the west­ward, is exceedingly picturesque, and, never shall I forget the delightful sensation as I witnessed this beautiful picture at sun­rise on my arrival.

Attractive as is the appearance of Honolulu and its surround­ings, as seen from the steamer's deck, while approaching and enter­ing the harbor, the stranger will be interested and amused with the novel sights and scenes which await at every new turn in this Anglo-Hawaiian city. The streets are of macadamized coral, lava, stone and sand in the city and vicinity, well graded and smooth, forming fine carriage drives. The streets near the wharves being without trees, are at mid-day hot and uninviting,

A TRIP TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 101

but farther away from the business center the residences of native and foreign inhabitants may be found where foliage is seen such as exists only in tropical lands. A few are indigenous, such as the cocoanut, the screw palm, the bread-fruit, the ohia, the koa, the kukui or candle-nut tree, etc., etc. But many other handsome trees have been introduced from foreign countries and have grown into magnificent stature with the past quarter century; among these are the mango, the tarmarind, the lime, the China orange, the alligator pear, the custard apple, papaias, bananas, etc., etc. There are, also, several varieties of acacia, the eucalyptus of Australia, the Norfolk and Caladonia pines, the royal and fan palms, the banyan, the bamboo with the pepper, cinnamon and spice trees.

Nearly every residence has its beautiful garden, containing plants and flowers in great variety. In addition to the more common kinds will be found Japanese and micronesian lilies, crape myrtle, Mexican vine, the passion flower, as indeed the flora of nearly every country under the sun is represented in these isles of the sea. Among the more showy of the creepers is the Bourgainvillia with its beautiful crimson clusters.

Honolulu contains a population, by the census of 1872, of 14,852, and of the entire Hawaiian Islands, by nationality, some 56,897. The principal public buildings of Honolulu, from their substantial though plain general style, gives the place the appear­ance of stability and quiet comfort which it enjoys. The first of interest to the stranger, generally speaking, is the Hawaiian Hotel. Of this splendid establishment and its beautiful surroundings, I give the following particulars:

This building is 120x90 feet and built of concrete stone; was erected in 1871, by joint expenditure of the citizens and the govern­ment, and was opened for the accommodation of guests early in 1872. It is three stories in height and is surrounded by broad, airy verandas and each story abundantly high to give free circula­tion of fresh air through all the rooms, halls and parlors.

The entrance to the hotel, both in front and rear, is by massive stone stairways protected by iron railing. The hotel contains forty­two sleeping rooms; bath rooms, with cold and warm water, are provided on each floor; the entire building is lighted with gas manufactured on the premises; the parlor is a spacious room, 30x32 feet, located in the southern extremity of the main floor

102 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

of the house. The dining-room occupies the whole of the north wing, and has at the west end, a compartment that may be included or closed for a private dining-room. The dimensions of this spacious hall are 75x32 feet, and one hundred and eighty guests can be accommodated.

The kitchen is in the basement and is a model of economy in its way. It is furnished with a first-class French cooking-range; a dumb waiter connects it with the dining-room. Near by is the storeroom, with its large convenient refrigerator, where fre?h meats, vegetables and all perishable articles of a tropical cuisine, are kept in perfect order.

Mr. Allen Herbert, the lessee, is doing everything in his power to make it a first-class house in every respect, and has in addition,

' provided a cottage on the sea-shore at \V aikiki, some three miles distant, where guests can go and spend the day, or merely enjoy a morning or evening both in the ocean. This great luxury is appreciated by many, and particularly by invalids. The coach of the hotel will make as many trips as called for to this pleasant sea-side resort, and saddle horses can be furnished, at short notice, by leaving orders at the office. The location of the hotel is very desirable, a more appropriate spot could not have been secured in Honolulu. The premises cover and acre of ground, which is beautifully shaded by fruit and ornamental trees. The Royal Palace, the new Parliament House, Emma Square, the Churches, of various denominations, are all within a few moments walk while the Post-office, Custom-house, \Vharves, etc., are easily reached. Probably no building in Honolulu is more faithfully constructed as to strength or permanence. From the cupola an excellent view may be had of the city embowered in trees, the mountain valleys, the plain and the ocean, stretching from Diamond Head to the vVaianae mountains, a distance of twenty-five or thirty miles. Very few views in Honolulu surpass this, save per­haps, that from the Bell-tower, or from Punchbowl hill.

Next in point of interest from the necessity of the case, oiten­times, is the

POST OFFICE.

This is also a concrete, two story building, and was erected in 1870-71, for the accommodation of the growing importance of this service; on the site of the old Polynesian office, in which was

A TRIP TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 103

located the first post office department of these islands, m 1850, at the corner of Merchant and Bethel streets. The department moved in from its old quarters in the adjoining building, March 8, 1871, and the arrangements are all that the experience of the worthy Postmaster-General, A. P. Brickwood, could devise, and for comfort and expedience, it has been acknowledged by passing strangers acquainted with this service in older cities, that its equal is seldom met with. In the same building is located what was generally known or termed as the Government Printing Office, now under lease to :Mr. H. M. Whitney, who continues the H au.'aiian Gazette as an independent paper.

Tin; PARI,IAMENT HOUSE,

Called Aliiolani Hale, erected in 1872-3, is on King street nearly opposite the palace grounds. It contains the hall of the Legislative Assembly, and is the headquarters of all the government officers, including the Ministers, Judge, Governor, Bureau of Public In­struction, Marshal and Police, the Hall of Records, Public Library, Museum, etc., etc. It is a fine public building, and from its con­struction serves admirably the purpose for which it was built.

THE PALACE,

The residence of His Majesty, King Kalakaua, is beautifully situated in the center of spacious grounds tastily laid out. Having received an invitation to visit the King, on the morning of April 19th in company with Han. S. G. 'i\Tilder I was driven to the Palac~, and, soon, on entering, we were in the presence of the His Majesty, whom I found an exceedingly agreeable and pleasant gentleman. Being so kindly entertained and hospitably received, I shall ever remember with pleasure. this interview, and would wish for His Majesty long life and prosperity.

THE QUEEN'S HOSPITAI.,

Located at the foot of Punchbowl Hill, was erected in 1860, chiefly by the efforts of King Kamehameha IV, and named after Queen Emma. It is a well kept institution, and has usually one hundred patients, including Hawaiian and foreigners.

THE INSANE ASYLUM,

Located about two miles north of the city, is supported chiefly by the government, and ample provision is made for all who suffer from temporary or permanent insanity. The number of patients

102 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

of the house. The dining-room occupies the whole of the north wing, and has at the west end, a compartment that may be included or closed for a private dining-room. The dimensions of this spacious hall are 75x32 feet, and one hundred and eighty guests can he accommodated.

The kitchen is in the basement and is a model of economy in its way. It is furnished with a first-class French cooking-range; a dumb waiter connects it with the dining-room. Near by is the storeroom, with its large convenient refrigerator, where fre?h meats, vegetables and all perishable articles of a tropical cuisine, are kept in perfect order.

l\fr. Allen Herbert, the lessee, is doing everything in his power to make it a first-class house in every respect, and has in addition,

' provided a cottage on the sea-shore at \Vaikiki, some three miles distant, where guests can go and spend the clay, or merely enjoy a morning or evening both in the ocean. This great luxury is appreciated by many, and particularly by invalids. The coach of the hotel will make as many trips as called for to this pleasant sea-side resort, and saddle horses can be furnished, at short notice, by leaving orders at the office. The location of the hotel is very desirable, a more appropriate spot could not have been secured in Honolulu. The premises cover and acre of ground, which is beautifully shaded by fruit and ornamental trees. The Royal Palace, the new Parliament House, Emma Square, the Churches, of various denominations, are all within a few moments walk, while the Post-office, Custom-house, \Vharvcs, etc., are easily reached. Probably no building in Honolulu is more faithfully constructed as to strength or permanence. From the cupola an excellent view may be had of the city embowered in trees, the mountain valleys, the plain and the ocean, stretching from Diamond Head to the \Vaianae mountains, a distance of twenty-five or thirty miles. Very few views in Honolulu surpass this, save per­haps, that from the Bell-tower, or from Punchbowl hill.

Next in point of interest from the necessity of the case. often­times, is the ·

POST OFFICE.

This is also a concrete, two story building, and was erected in 1870-71, for the accommodation of the growing importance of this service; on the site of the old Polynesian office, in which was

A TRIP TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 103

located the first post office department of these islands, in 1850, at the corner of Merchant and Bethel streets. The department moved in from its old quarters in the adjoining building, March 8, 1871, and the arrangements are all that the experience of the worthy Postmaster-General, A. P. Brickwood, could devise, and for comfort and expedience, it has been acknowledged by passing strangers acquainted with this service in older cities, that its equal is seldom met with. In the same building is located what was generally known or termed as the Government Printing Office, now under lease to Mr. H. M. Whitney, who continues the Hawaiian Gazette as an independent paper.

Tin; PARI,IAMENT HOUSE,

Called Aliiolani Hale, erected in 1872-3, is on King street nearly opposite the palace grounds. It contains the hall of the Legislative Assembly, and is the headquarters of all the government officers, including the Ministers, Judge, Governor, Bureau of Public In­struction, Marshal and Police, the Hall of Records, Public Library, Museum, etc., etc. It is a fine public building, and from its con­struction serves admirably the purpose for which it was built.

THE PALACE,

The residence of His Majesty, King Kalakaua, is beautifully situated in the center of spacious grounds tastily laid out. Having received an invitation to visit the King, on the morning of April 19th in company with Han. S. G. Wilder I was driven to the Palac~, and, soon, on entering, we were in the presence of the His Majesty, whom I found an exceedingly agreeable and pleasant gentleman. Being so kindly entertained and hospitably received, I shall ever remember with pleasure. this interview, and would wish for His Majesty long life and prosperity.

THE QUEEN's HOSPITAL,

Located at the foot of Punchbowl Hill, was erected in 1860, chiefly by the efforts of King Kamehameha IV, and named after Queen Emma. It is a well kept institution, and has usually one hundred patients, including Hawaiian and foreigners.

THE INSANE ASYLUM,

Located about two miles north of the city, is supported chiefly by the government, and ample provision is made for all who suffer from temporary or permanent insanity. The number of patients

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at present are twenty, from other countries. ment of Mr. \Vm. B.

compnsmg not only Hawaiians but people It is cleanly kept and under the manage­

\Vright, by whom I was shown about.

'l'HE OAHU JAIL

Is a substantial coral stone structure, located a short walk north­erly from the post-office, and in full view from the harbor. Here are kept most of the criminals sentenced for of fences committed in any part of the group. :Most of them are sentenced to hard labor and arc employed on the roads or other government service ; the number varies from eighty to one hundred inmates. This state-prison is one of the best kept institutions of the kind to be found in any country. It is under the immediate supervision of Marshal \V. C. Parke and D. K. Fyfe, Esq.

THE REFORJ\IATORY SCHOOL

Established for the reformation of juvenile delinquents, is located one mile north of the city and is under the general supervision of the Board of Education. The number of pupils varies from fifty to seventy-five, all of whom receive instruction in the elementary branches and in manual labor, and is under the superintendance of Mr. \\'alter Hill.

OAHU COLLEGE,

Located at Punahou. two miles east of town. Is situated in a beautiful and exceedingly healthful location. In 1830 the Rev. Ruben Tinker, while riding toward Manoa valley, pointing to Punahou, remarked to Dr. Baldwin, his companion: "That, sir, is the site of the future college." These words were prophetic; for, in the early part of 1841, the site of the present main struc­ture was prepared, the cellar dug by Dr. Judd, and the buildings erected of adobe. The school opened on the 11th of July, 1841, with an attendance of thirty-four pupils, solely children ,of mis­swnanes. Its principal, the Rev. D. Dole, remained in charge from 1844 to 1854. In 1856 Oahu College was founded under the presidency of Rev. E. G. Beckwith, A. M. Number of pupils present year---day scholars, 50; boarders, 15; total 65. The col­lege is under excellent management, and speaks well of those having it in· charge.

Honolulu, the capital of the kingdom and the only city of any of the group as a depot for trade, possesses great advantages as

A TRIP TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 105

the key of the Northern Pacific and the ocean half-way house of North America, Asia, China and the new world of Australia and New Zealand. Its harbor is small but perfectly safe, and will easily accommodate one hundred vessels. Its wharves, of which it possesses a frontage of over three thousand feet, are built, mostly, of solid stone. Every vessel that can cross the bar can lay alongside of these wharves, where the facilities for loading and discharging cargoes are equal to those of any port of America or Europe.

The custom-house and public store-houses, built of coral and fully fire proof, are located within an hundred yards of the steam­boat wharf, and connect with it by tramways; indeed nothing has been omitted on the part of the government and the merchants of the port to provide every possible facility for the convenience of shipping and commerce.

All passengers landing at this port to remain permanently or only for a few weeks, are required to obtain a permit to land their baggage, as also to pay a fee of two dollars toward the sup­port of the Queen's Hospital.

One will be favorably impressed with the many substantial buildings of the merchants here. The building owned and occu­pied by C. E. Williams, Esq., (furniture dealer) is thoroughly constructed. l\fessrs. Dillingham & Co., (hardware dealers) have a fine building. Messrs. H. Hackfeld & Co., (general dealers in merchandise and Pacific Mail Steamship Co.'s agents) occupy what was formerly the court-house. E. 0. Hall & Son (hardware dealers), and Castle & Cooke, (general merchants) have also fine fire-proof stores.

There are several manufacturing concerns. The establishment of G. }Vest, Esq., turns out some splendid work in way of fine carriages, etc. The Honolulu Ice Manufactory has become quite an institution since S. G. Wilder, Esq., has taken it in hand. They turn out some 1,800 pounds, daily, which they deliver to customers at two and a half cent per pound, which is very reasonable for so great a luxury.

THE NUUANU VALLEY,

Six miles back of Honolulu at the abrupt head of N uuanu valley, is a precipice remarkable among the most remarkable wonders of

106 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

nature. It affords in one view a picture of wild natural scenery that, of its kind, is unrivaled in the known world.

The mountains, that from the Honolulu ocean verge rise from the sea level to a height of 4,000 feet, do not descend in mountain fashion to the north side, but are cleft in two, one half left stand­ing, the other gone and no one knows whither. Nowhere is the perpendicular rock less than 800 feet deep, and in many places the bold front is thrice that depth. Below are plains, hills and rolling prairies containing sugar and rice plantations, grazing ranches, extinct craters, etc. Near the water's edge may be seen fish-ponds, while beyond the rugged breakers and the barrier reef, is an ocean that has no other shores to wash until it reaches distant North America.

The road to the pali from Honolulu, ascending all the way, is excellent for carriages as well as horsemen. After passing through Nuuanu street the traveler enters Nuuanu valley, the most beauti­ful among the valleys of Oahu; on either hand are cottages and flower gardens, and as the stranger proceeds his attention will be drawn to the patches where is grown the Hawaiian staff of life, the taro, cultivated in mud and water. It produces a root which is baked in the earth and then pounded to a paste, which is called poi, and forms the principal article of food for the natives. After crossing the Nuuanu stream we see the burial grounds, where many are laid who have died far from home and kin. A little further on stands the Royal Mausoleum, a gothic structure of stone, which contains the remains of all the Hawaiian Kings (except Lunalilo), and also of many of the high chiefs who have died since the conquest. A mile from the cemeteries the country residence of the Queen Dowager Emma is situated. Thence on the valley loses its cultivated appearance and the rugged mountain draws its steep cliffs nearer.

This valley is classic ground in Hawaiian history. Here was fought the last of seven decisive battles by the Napoleonic Kame­hameha, victories that made him sole monarch and established his dynasty. On the rocky slopes of these impregnable mountains the natives, \~ith club, and rock, and spear, resisted the hordes of the invader, fighting vainly but well for wife, child and native land, until at last they were driven headlong over the pali. Here fell Kaiana, rival of Kamehameha, disputing with war-club and

A TRIP TO THE 'SANDWICH ISLANDS 107

spear every foot of the conqueror's progress. romantic spot, worthy of the death-struggle knightly warrior-chiefs of the ancient time.

It is a lonely and of the brave and

N uuanu valley narrows from the width of a mile at its entrance to a few hundred yards at the pali. The wind at times draws through this gap with tremendous force. The visitor can stand on the parapet of the precipice, which is protected by an iron railing, for here is the only practicable descent over the mountain to the windward side of the island, and the government has hewn from the basaltic rock a safe road, after the plan of an alpine pass, leading to the base of the precipice. over which horsemen and footmen may be seen constantly passing.

This trip to the pali can be easily accomplished in three hours by horseback, or perhaps in less if the traveler is limited in time. I accomplished it on foot besides extending my visit to the sea beyond, and partaking of lunch at a native house on the way, returning in good season that evening to Honolulu. It is fre­quently stormy at the pali, but this clay was remarkably pleasant.

Another interesting drive is to the cocoanut grove of 'vVaikiki, only four miles from the hotel and over an excellent road. This formerly was the residence of the ancient kings of Oahu, as well as of Kamehameha the Great, after the conquest and before the discovery of Honolulu harbor. During the summer months it has been the residence of the more recent kings. This grove once numbered 10,000 trees; many have died and others have been cut clown. It is quite interesting to see how rapidly the natives ascend the trees for cocoanuts, reminding one of a little or big brown bear.

A visit out to Mr. Morris', in Kalihi valley, is of interest. Here is the largest banana orchard to be found on Oahu, containing nearly if not quite 3,000 trees, distant some four miles from town. The bananas have to be brought by pack animals from the orchard, as it is too rough for a road for about half the distance.

From the top of Punchbowl hill the view of Honolulu and sur­roundings is a tropical picture unsurpassed. This noted place is but a short distance from the hotel and quite easy of access, considering.

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KOKO HEAD

The ride to this southernmost point of Oahu, ten miles from the hotel, must be performed on horseback. The road lies past the telegraph station, and through several native villages and cocoa­nut groves. This is an extinct crater, and is flanked by a beauti­ful cove, where tropical fishes are usually found. Returning, take

OLD PALl ROAD

A TRIP TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 109

the road along the beach and around Diamond Head, thus travers­ing the battle ground of \Vaialae, where Kamehameha fought his first battle with the King of Oahu, a sanguinary fight, in which thousands of warriors were slain, whose bodies were buried in the sand near the beach; this batle was fought in 1790 or '91.

Saturday afternoon is the gala time of the natives in Honolulu. Business ends for the week at four o'clock, when the mechanics and laborers receive their wages. To ride, seems the grand idea of the natives, and mounted on horses or mules, saddled or bare­back, they gallop up one street and rush down another, whisking around corners and skillfully avoiding collision with equally reck­less riders, but giving pedestrians numberless hairbreadth escapes. The observer at the corner of N uuanu and King streets, will see in one half hour the same parties ride by three or four times, having made the circuit of the town as many times and always at a headlong pace. The women are most conspicuous in their gay dresses and wreaths of vines or flowers, and riding astride, they manage their horses with masculine energy and skill, until the shades of evening put an end to their sport.

A visit to the fish-market will repay one on any Saturday after­noon. Here are exposed for sale fresh fish from every part of the Oahu coast. The variety and beauty of the tropical fish are wonderful.

American and English gold and silver form the principal cur­rency in this kingdom, besides silver certificates representing specie on deposit in the government treasury.

STEAMER KILAUEA

The traveler seeking new and strange sights will find none more curious than those connected with the departure of this, the inter-island steamer, nor does the novelty end nor can all be witnessed without taking personal cognizance of an island circuit as a passenger. This staunch propeller, of 400 tons, is owned and managed in the interest of the Hawaiian Government. The office of the Kilauea is in the counting-room of the Han. S. G. VVilder, under whose excellent management this government steamer has be­come deservedly popular. The arragenments for the comfort of pas­sengers are very good, with awnings, seats and mattresses on deck, and clean berths below. The table is well supplied, and the store of ice and of ice-water are usually abundant, a luxury that none

110 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

can fail to appreciate at sea in the tropics. A grand feature of the voyage consists in the licensed observation of Hawaiian home life, manners, habits, civilization, kind of dress, mode of rest, of retiring, of arising, of eating, drinking, caring for wife, children and family; the eating of poi with their fingers is something new to us foreigners. The scene on the deck of the steamer when crowded, is an amusing one. The natives are mostly deck pas­sengers, paying one or two dollars each, according to distance. Not unfrequently they are so thickly congregated forward of the privileged quarter-deck, that they are unable to lie down, but remain wedged up in a tangled mass of men, women, children, dogs, mats and calabashes, suggesting the idea of a nice mess. if the inevitable channel should be rough when encountered.

I took passage by the steamer Kilauea, leaving Honolulu Monday at 5 p. m., .l\Iarch 20th, for Hawaii en route for the volcano Kilauea, and after a pleasant trip at 2 p. m. of ·wednesday the 23d, I landed at Hila, while the steamer, after discharging her freight, etc., proceeded on her way, making the circuit of the island as she returned to Honolulu.

For some hours before the steamer reaches Hilo, and running near shore as she plows her way slowly against wind and current, passengers have a fine view of some of the most captivating scenery on Hawaii: Precipices covered with verdure from the sum­mit to the water, in the dense foliage of which at least fifty water­falls may be counted, opening to view one after another, and as we steam on passing sugar plantation after plantation, forming a picture ever interesting.

Hilo is the capital of Hawaii, the residence of the Governor, Sheriff and executive officers.

Next to Honolulu, Bryon's bay affords to shipping the best harbor in the group, the entrance is broad and deep, with a depth of water from thirty to forty feet. The southeast part of the harbor, on or near Cocoanut island, is a fine location for wharves or a navy yard. W aiakea is the native name for this bay, the anchorage of which is in north latitude 19° 44', and west longi­tude 155° 03'.

Hilo is an attractive and tropical looking village, and with an air of thrift and prosperity everywhere noticeable in the neatness and taste surrounding its comfortable residences. The court-house

A TRIP TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 111

occupies the center of a square, attractive for its beautiful lawn and exotic trees, and adds much to the beauty of Hila. Here, under one roof are the Post-office, Governor Kipi's and Sheriff Serevance's offices, with the police court, etc. Its location is central and convenient for the public business of the village and district. Mails not only arrive and depart by every steamer and

. schooner, but post-riders also come and go with a regularity which is really marvelous, when we consider the condition of the roads, thus connecting the capital of Hawaii with other towns of the island. The correspondence despatched from the Hila post-office, for way-stations, is large, not less than fifteen or twenty thousand letters a year. And a noteworthy fact is, there is scarcely a Ha­waiian but that can read and write.

A more beautiful panorama than that seen from the deck of the steamer approaching Hilo, would be difficult to find. In the foreground of this tropical picture we have the bay, skirted with a line of cottages and stores, in front of which the foaming surf is perpetually breaking and roaring. Directly back are seen white churches and dwellings, almost hidden among the dense foliage which extends for miles in either direction.

Having secured comfortable quarters at the cottage recently . occupied by the Stone party, kept by Ai Hapai, and with him as guide in company with Willie Shipman, we started on horseback about nine o'clock the next morning, March 24th, for the volcano. The short route (thirty miles) to the crater Kilauea, leads out of town by Volcano street. The roads became densely fenced with the oi bush, and only fairly starts in the wilderness after passing Gov. Lyman's cattle ranch in Waiakea. It is no broad macada­mized thoroughfare, and will try the patience of most travelers. Ten miles brings us into magnificent woods with their gorgeous trees, plants, creepers, ferns and thick undergrowth. Five miles further on and we have reached Olaa, the half-way house; here we stop for lunch, and rest ourselves and animals. Leaving Olaa the route is over pahoehoe in all its varieties, thickly covered with wild grass, straggling ferns, creeping vines, and that vegetation which in tropical lands seeks only water to become impenetrable. Fires having swept over parts of the adjoining land, the blackened rocks with their scant supply of soil demonstrated how little alluvial earth nature requires to run wild when it has plenty of

112 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

light, warmth, and moisture. Here the ascent, hitherto very gradual, becomes more rapid until reaching into a second rim of koa woods is becomes quite level, and after a short gallop we find ourselves (eight hours from Hilo) on the brink of the famous crater, and four thousand feet above the level of the sea.

Dismounting from our tired animals, we enter the Volcano House, where we find a blazing fire awaiting us, which we can appreciate after having traveled half the way in a rain storm. This is a commodious thatch-house, built expressly for tourists, and having ample accommodations for all who make this trip. The temperature here often approaches the freezing point, and an open fire in an old fashioned chimney, throwing its shadows over the walls and comfortable easy chairs, gives to the stranger a home feeling, even on the brink of a crater. The sleeping rooms open out of this common parlor, their windows looking directly into the pit, and if the crater is active the flames and reflection may be seen, now like a fan of flame and again like a burning city. Soon after breakfast, in company with guides, I descended into the crater, remaining several hours, but from its inactivity the grandeur had disappeared. I saw fire and smoke and obtained fine specimens of lava. Kilauea has the appearance of a great pit on a rolling plain. It is nine miles in circumference, and its lowest area, which fell not long ago about 300 feet, just as ice on a pond falls when the water below it is withdrawn, covers six miles; the depth of the crater varies from 800 to 1,100 feet in different years, according as the molten sea below is at flood or ebb.

The next morning, after an early breakfast, with my guide I started on my return to Hilo, arriving at 2 p. m., and while there became acquainted with several families, with whom my time was agreeably spent. From Hilo to Onomea plantation, Judge S. L. Austin's, is a distance of seven miles. Its mill, plantation houses and manager's residence, are snugly nestled together, and make a charming picture amid the growing cane, I think here I saw the finest field of cane in my travels. The Judge was with me over his plantation, and my stay with him was very pleasant. This is about a 400 ton plantation. I was over at Mr. McKinley's place and there was shown his coffee grove of 80,000 to 100,000 trees, from small to those already bearing. The schooner Mary Ellen

A TRIP TO THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 113

having her cargo of sugar on board, I took passage by her for Honolulu from this plantation; with a fair wind we made a quick run and arrived on the morning of the second day.

From Honolulu my next trip was by schooner Nettie Jv[ errill, Captain Crane, to Lahaina. This town is the capital of Maui and the residence of the Governor and other executive officers. It is built in a grove of cocoanut, bread-fruit, mango, tamarind, orange, banana and other trees. The court-house, the native churches, Protestant and Catholic, the Anglican Sisters School, the sugar plantation of Messrs. Campbell & Turton, and the Native Ha­waiian College at Lahainaluna are the principal objects of interest. The latter institution is located six hundred and fifty-two feet above the sea, two miles back of Lahaina. The sugar plantation of Messrs. Campbell & Turton is the model one of the Hawaiian Islands; they make annually, about 1,800 tons of sugar.

From Lahaina I embarked on board the steamer Kilauea, stop­ping off at Maalaea bay, connecting by express for Wailuku, five miles distant. Remaining over here one clay, I proceeded again fourteen miles by express to Makawao. A military boarding­'school is located here, which is under the charge of Prof. F. L. Clarke. It has fifty to sixty boys, who are given a thorough academical education, combined with manual labor and military instruction. This institution is under the care of the Board of Education, which aids in its support. The Female Boarding­school is also located here, under the care of Miss H. E. Car­penter, Principal; forty pupils.

ASCENT OF HALEAKALA

The traveler who goes to Maui for pleasure or sight-seeing, must not fail to visit "The House of the Sun." So thought I, and with this in view I started from Prof. Clarke's with one of the boys from the school as guide, leaving the house at one o'clock of a beautiful moonlight morning, anticipating reaching, the crater, nine miles distant, to witness the run rise. But on arrival a heavy storm prevailed, and with waiting, hoping the clouds would pass away, I remained until I became completely chilled through. The shape of this huge crater of Haleakala is an oval, it is seven miles in length and two thousand feet deep; in circumference eighteen to twenty miles. The area of the crater

114 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

is about sixteen and one-third square miles. Returning to Prof. Clarke's, I remained until next morning,

whence I proceeded by saddle-horse eighteen miles to Ulupalakua, the sugar plantation of Captain James Makee. Its elevation above the sea combines the climates of the temperate and torrid zones, and the name Eden has been aptly applied to the grounds adjoin­ing the planter's mansion. Few private establishments anywhere will rival or compete with the wealth of this in rare, valuable flowers, fruit and shade trees. The taste that appears among the flowers of the garden so attractive, never fails to grace the parlor and honor the drawing-room and dining-hall. A more charming spot for a horne could not be found in the wide world than this, which has the appropriate name of "Rose Ranch." The view from here is grand, and as the stranger sits on the verandah he becomes completely fascinated, for before him stretches out a panorama of ocean and islands with the distant horizon and

·scudding trade clouds. After enjoying the rnunifice1;1t hospitality of the Captain and family, we bid them adieu, for the saddle-horses are ready, with guide and torch, (it being 11 :30 p. rn.), to convey us, Mr. Menzies, Mr. Howland and myself, to the landing, three miles distant, where we take the steamer Kilauea for our return to Honolulu.

By the steamer Kilauea, April 19th, I visited the island of Kauai, the most northern of the Hawaiian group. Kauai is aptly named the Garden of Hawaii. It is nearly circular and has an area of 520 square miles, one half of which is adapted to grazing and agriculture. This island is unrivaled for its agreeable climate; and with its charming valleys, broad plains, picturesque cliffs, waterfalls, and lofty mountains, it offers attractions to the traveler, unexcelled by any of the group. I was ashore at Hanalei but for a few moments. The scenery here is magnificent. Hanalei river is lined with luxuriant foliage, and a boat ride on its smooth bosom, in a bright moonlight, is said to rival the enchantment of . the Arabian Nights.

My next landing-Koloa. I remained over here, at Dr. ]. W. Smith's, by whom I was kindly entertained. In the morning Mr. Wright sent a saddle-horse for my use across the island to Lihue. I started in company with Rev. G. B. Rowell, but shortly after we were overtaken by natives, with whom I had a race, thus

A TRIP TO THE SANDWICH ISLA?\DS 115

leaving my companion so far behind that I did not see him again until some time after my reaching the plantation of W. H. Rice, Esq. Here we enjoyed a dinner suitable to be placed before a king, and gotten up under the supervision of Mrs. Rice. From here I proceeded to the landing at Nawiliwili and embarked per Kilauea for Honolulu.

CLIMATE

Owing to the trade winds which blow over this group, cooled by an ocean current flowing from the Arctic, the climate is milder and different from that of most tropical countries. As a general thing, foreigners enjoy here as good health as they would at home. While, for invalids, there is no better climate in the world; provided, consumptives and others afflicted with constitutional complaints come here before disease has gained control of them, otherwise, in most instances, they had better remain at home. Invalids should not remain long in Honolulu, but proceed at once to Kana, on the island of Hawaii, or to Maui or Kauai.

Journeying through the group is mostly done by sea or on horse-back. The roads are equally good for animals, and in some districts for carriages, but traveling is seldom performed in vehicles except ·near Honolulu, and on parts of Kauai and Maui. Throughout the group the natives will be found kind, hospitable and inoffensive, and truly honest with those who confide in them. In almost every village there are white residents, but where there are none the natives will always provide for strangers, lodging and food-such as they have-and trusting to the generosity of their guests for their reward.

List of Sugar Plantations, Mills and Cane Growers Throughout the Islands

Those marked with an asterisk ( *) are planters only; those marked with a dagger (t) are mills only; all others

are plantations complete, owning their own mills. (Corrected to April 1st, 1935.)

Plantation P. 0. Address Manager Agents Island of Hawaii

Hakalau Plantation Co ....................... Hakalau, Hawaii ................... John M. Ross .................... C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Hamakua Mill Co ............................... Kukaiau, Hawaii ................... W. F. Robertson ................ Theo. H. Davies & Co., Ltd. Hawaiian Agricultural Co ................. Pahala, Hawaii ...................... james Campsie ................... C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Hilo Sugar Co ...................................... Hilo, Hawaii .......................... Alexander Fraser ............... C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Honokaa Sugar Co ............................. Haina, Hawaii ....................... 'vV. P. Naquin ..................... F. A. Schaefer & Co., Ltd. Honomu Sugar Co ............................... Honomu, Hawaii .................. A. T. Spalding ................... C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Hutchinson Sugar Plantation Co ..... Naalehu, Hawaii ................. 'vV. Campsie ......................... C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Kaiwiki Sligar Co ................................ Ookala, Hawaii ..................... L. Wishard .......................... Theo. H. Davies & Co., Ltd. Kohala Sugar Co ................................... Kohala, Hawaii .................... Geo. C. \Vatt... ................... Castle & Cooke, Ltd. Laupahoehoe Sugar Co ....................... Papaaloa, Hawaii.. ................ R. A. Hutchinson .............. Theo. H. Davies & Co., Ltd. Olaa Sugar Co ....................................... Olaa, Hawaii ......................... A. ]. Watt ........................... American Factors, Ltd. Onomea Sugar Co ................................ Papaikou, Hawaaii ............... \Vm. Silver .......................... C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Paauhau Sugar Plantation Co ........... Paauhau, Hawaii ................... F. 11L Anderson ................. C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Pepeekeo Sugar Co .............................. Pepeekeo, Hawaii ................. lames Webster ................... C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Union Mill & Plant. Co ......................... Kohala. Hawaii .................... R. M. Lindsay ................... Theo. H. Davies & Co., Ltd. Waiakea Mill Co .................................... Hllo. Hawaii .......................... IV. L. S. Williams ............. Theo. H. Davies & Co., Ltd. Wailea 1Iilling Co.t ............................. Hakalau, Hawaii ................... A. S. Costa ......................... Fred. L. Waldron, Ltd.

Island of Oahu Ewa Plantation Co ...............................

1

Ewa, Oahu ............................ G. F. Renton ...................... Castle & Cooke, Ltd. Honolulu Plantation Co ..................... Aiea, Oahu ............................ Alvah A. Scott... ................ C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Kahuku Plantation ................................ Kahuku, Oahu ....................... T. G. S. Walker ................ Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd. Oahu Sugar Co ...................................... \Vaipahu, Oahu .................... E. W. Greene ..................... American Factors, Ltd.

..... ..... 0\

~ > :28 > 1-1

1-1

> z > z z c > t"'

List of Sugar Plantations, Mills and Cane Growers Throughout the Islands-Continued

Plantation \ P. 0. Address Manager

\Vaialua Agricultural Co., Ltd ........... \Vaialm, Oahu ..................... .Tohn H. 1IidkifL ............. . \Vaianae Co ............................................. , \Vaianae, Oahu ..................... Robt. Fricke ..................... .. Waimanalo Sugar Co........................ \Vaimanalo, Oahu ................ Geo. Y. Dennett.. .............. .

Island of 1Iaui

Agents

Castle & Cooke, Ltd. American Factors, Ltd. C. Brewer & Co., Ltd.

Hawaiian Commercial & Sug. Co .... I Puunene, 1faui ...................... F. F. Baldwin ................... ..! Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd. Kaeleku Sugar Co ................................ Hana,. 1faui ............................. J. F. Ramsay ...................... ! C. Brewer & Co, Ltd. Maui Agricultural Co., Ltd ............... Paia, 11aui .............................. H. A. Baldwin ................... Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd. Pioneer Mill Co., Ltd .......................... Lahaina, Maui ...................... ]. T. Moir, Jr ..................... l American Factors, Ltd. \Vailuku Sugar Co ................................ \Vailuku, 1faui ................. _. S. L. Austin ...................... C. Brewer & Co., Ltd.

Island of Kauai

Gay & Robinson* ...... , ......................... 1!akaweli, Kauai .................. l Sinclair Robinson ............... ! H. \Vaterhouse Trust Co., Ltd. Grove Farm Plantation* ..................... Lihue. Kauai ......................... Edwin Broadbent. ............. American Factors, Ltd. Hawaiian Sugar Co .............................. \I~kaweli, Kauai .................. D. E. Baldwin .................... Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd. Kekaha Sugar Co ................................. Kekaha, Kauai ...................... L. A. Faye ........................... American Factors, Ltd. Kilauea Sugar Plantation Co ........... Kilauea, Kauai ...................... R. :111. Allen ....................... C. Brewer & Co., Ltd. Kipu Plantation ..................................... \ Lihue, Kauai ......................... C. A. Rice ............................ American Factors, Ltd. Koloa Sugar Co .................................... , Koloa, Kauai ......................... Hector 11oir.. ...................... American Factors, Ltd. Lihue Plantation Co ............................ I Lihue, Kauai .......................... C. E. S. Burns ................... American Factors, Ltd. McBryde Sugar Co., Ltd ................... Eleele, Kauai ........................ F. A. Alexander.. .............. Alexander & Baldwin, Ltd. \V~imea Sugar Mill Co ..................... \\'ainu·a, Kauai ...................... A. E. Faye ......................... American Factors, Ltd.

"0 t"' > z ....., > ....., ...... 0 z > () ti1 z n ...... ti1 w

...... ...... 'l

118 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

tFIVE HAWAIIAN SUGAR CROPS, 1930-34

October 1, 1930, to September 30, 1934

(Compiled by Bureau of Labor and Statistics, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association)

1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 Islands Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons

Hawaii -~----------------------------~---290,331 336,760 336,791 340,443 319,982

~faui ---------------·----·----------------- 191,474 201,906 217,307 219,473 187,612 Oahu ...................................... 248,152 248,510 254,400 266,140 233,699 Kauai ----·---------------·--·------------ 194,506 206,611 216,856 209,492 210,894

-- -----

Totals ____________ '! _______________________ 924,463 993,787 1,025,354 1,035,548 952,187

Hawaii

Olaa Sugar Co., Ltd ............. 39,850 46,686 44,629 51,237 48,901 Waiakea Mill Co ................... 14,280 18,104 17,720 17,359 17,748 Hilo Sugar Co ....................... 26,487 27,878 25,974 28,356 25,058* Onomea Sugar Co ................. 25,146 29,749 26,924 28,957 26,995 Pepeekeo Sugar Co ............... 13,988 12,683 12,976 12,294* 13,232 Honomu Sugar Co ................ 10,146 10,683 10,678 11,005* 10,120* Hakalau Plantation Co .......... 18,576 19,217 18,590 19,878 19,061 Laupahoehoe Sugar Co ....... 16,533 19,388 20,081 19,603 19,914 Kaiwiki Sugar Co., Ltd ........ 8,395 10,351 12,138 10,004 9,169 Hamakua ~fill Co ................. 8,993* 15,144* 14,225* 13,248 10,473 Paauhau Sugar Plant'n Co. 11,197* 13,776 15,104 11,027 10,530* Honokaa Sugar Co ............... 19,826* 27.133* 28,655* 27,137* 25,924* Niulii Mill and Plant'n Ltd. 3,602* 3,902* 3,002* ......... ------------Kohala Sugar Co ................... 9,793* 28,600 23,098* 28,105* 22,202* Union Mill and Plant. ,Ltd. 4,363 7,505 6,053* 10,835 7,731 * Hawi Sugar Co., Ltd ........... 8,458 -------- -------- -------- ------------Hutchinson Sug. Plant. Co. 13,199* 12,832* 18,893* 12,502* 16,291 * Hawaiian Agricultural Co ... 29,630~ 27,124* 33,709* 33,044* 32,011* Wailea :Milling Co ................. 4,467 6,005 4,342 5,852 4,622 Homestead Plant. Co., Ltd. 2,121 -------- -·------ -------- ·······-----Puakea Plantn' Co., Ltd ... 1,281 -------- -------- -------- ············

290,331 336,760 336,791 340,443 319,982 I

*Harvesting of crop not completed September 30th.

NOTE :-Tonnage shown above for some plantations includes amounts of sugar belonging to independent planters.

tSugar statistics are nmv based on the calendar year, and figures for 1935 are ,not available until 1936.

SUGAR CROPS 119

tFIVE HAWAIIAN SUGAR CROPS, 1930-34-Continued October 1, 1930, to September 30, 1934

1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons

----

Maui

Pioneer Mill Co., Ltd ......... -- 46,393 47,039 53,247 53,070 49,405 Olowalu Co. ··········-------------··· 2,967 2,969 -------· -------- ·-·-········ Wailuku Sugar Co ................. 18,247 20,356 22,111 22,494 17, 195* Hawaiian Com!. & Sug. Co.l 72,500 77,050 82,576 83,300 81,630 Maui Agricultural Co ... ________ 46,015 49,253 52,917 54,965 36,625 Kaeleku Plantat'n Co., Ltd.i 5,352 5,239 6,456 5,644 2,757*

191,474 201,906 217,307 219,473 187,612 I

Oahu

32,264.1 Honolulu Plantation Co ..... 33,241* 30,618* 31,899* 22,549* Oahu Sugar Co., Ltd ........... 72,879 72,993 72,908 72,512 69,955 Ewa Plantation Co ........ _______ 52,158 54,003* 52,903* 64,157* 54,575* Apokaa Sugar Co., Ltd ....... 1,018 1,307 739 -------- ------------Waianae Co. -------------------------· 7,209 6,773 7,530 8,053 7,624* Waialua Agricult. Co., Ltd. 53,117 52,423 56,662 58,206 52,033 Kahuku Plantation Co ........ 14,925 20,073 22,531 20,491 17,028* Laie Plantation ................. _______ . 4,788 -------- -------- -------- ---········· \Vaimanalo Sugar Co. __________ 8,817* 10,320* 9,228* 10,457* 9,935*

---·

248,152 248,510 254,400 266,140 233,699 ---

Kauai

Lihue Plantation Co., Ltd ... 36,507 37,079 41,206 37,700* 36,860* Grove Farm Co., Ltd ........... 7,645 8,241 10,331 8,982 8,473 Koloa Sugar Co., The .......... 16,913 17,256 16,200 18,520 15,856 McBryde Sugar Co., Ltd ..... 22,192 24,694 22,805 22,470 23,327 Hawaiian Sugar Co ......... ____ 31,819 34,010 37,670 34,0631 35,977 Gay & Robinson .................... 5,240 5,175 8,892 8,931 7,719 Waimea Sug. Mill Co., The 3,172 3,281 3,260 3,628 3,317* Kekaha Sugar Co., Ltd ....... 35,757 42,603 41,764* 40,012* 41,465* Kilauea Sugar Plan tat. Co. 7,430* 8,132* 8,289* 10,124* 10,531* Makee Sugar Co ................... 25.207 23,568 23,468 22,488 24,035 Kipu Plantation ----·--------------- 2,624 2,572 2,971 2,574 3,334

194,506 206,611 216,856 209,492 210,894

*Harvestmg of crop not completed September 30th. NOTE:-Tonnage shown above for some plantations includes amounts of

~ugar belonging to independent planters. tSugar statistics are now based on the calendar year, and figures for 1935

arc not available until 1936.

120 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

TERRITORIAL REGISTER AND DIRECTORY FOR 1936 CORRECTED TO DECEMBER 1, 1935

• TERRITORIAL OFFICIALS Capt. James A. Ryan ................ Chief Clerk,

f j -/--:.Joseph B. Poindexter ........................ Governor 1~rthur .A. Greene.: .. : ........................... Secretary

W. B. Pittman ...................... Attorney·General W. C. .'IIcGonagle ............................ Treasurer + Louis S. Cain ................ Supt. Public Works

A~ Hai!LJ .................... Comr. Public Lands · · 0. E. Long ................ Supt. Public Instruction

F. H. Smith ............................................ Auditor -Frank 1!. I,ocey_

Plans & Training Major Francis Xavier ...................... Personnel Capt. James T. M. Chang .................... Supply Hazel R. Samson ........................ Stenographer

DEPARTMENT OF JUDICIARY Supreme Court

Chief J ustice ............................ J ames L. Coke

Pres. Board of Agriculture and Forestry James W. LJoyd .......... Bureau ?f the Budget

Associate J ustice... ............... d.~:'est' J -F~r:~! /I('_ r Assoc1ate J ustlce.................. . . ~-zq,--e_

Circuit Courts C' Col. Perry Smoot ................ Adjutant·General Lieut. Col. \V. R. Dunham .

................ Secretary to the Governor

Samuel \Vilder King .... Delegate to Congress

LEGISLATIVE BODY

Senators Hawaii--Chas. H. Silva (D), William J.

Kimi (R), *James Campsie (R), ~Williani' ·H.···Hill (R). .

j , , , Maui-Harry A. Baldwin (R), *GeorgrP. . "~~ (R), *Harry H. Holt (R).

Oahu-William H. Heen (D), J. R. Far­!.- - rington (R), Joseph L. Sylva (R), ((tV ~ (D), ·~eStCI Pctrre (D), *David

V K. Trask (D). Kauai-Charles A. Rice (R), *Elsie H.

Wilcox (R).

(R)-Republican, 10; (D) Democrat, 5. * Holdover Senators from !932 Election.

Representatives Hawaii-Herbert N. Ahuna (R), Henry Lai

Hipp (R), James Kealoha (D), T. Saka­kihara (R), Arthur A. Akina (R), James Aka (R), Francis K. Aona (R), Robert L. Wilhelm (R).

Maui-Ciarence A. Crozier (D), Manuel G. Paschoal (R), Henry P. Robinson (R), Samuel A. Sniffen (R), William H. Engle (R), Har~. Hanakahi (R).

Oahu-Raymond C. wn (R), ·Ezra·].

I .Cran~ (R), W. J;·''"11 acfarlane (R), J. Howard Worrall (R), Roy A. Vitousek (R), NV ... H. Crozier.-}!'. (D), Yew Char (D), George H. Holt, Jr. (D), Chas. H. Holt (D), William \V. Luke (R), Edward P. Fogarty (R), C. P. Cunning-ham (D). .

Kauai-Fred \V. Wichman (R), Clement Gomes (R), Ben M. Tashiro (R), Hugh H. Brodie (R) .•

(R)-Republiean, 23; (D) Democrat, 7.

HAWAII NATIONAL GUARD Staff

First J ud~-~:---~!-~~: ... ~!-~~~i_t: .. ?.N~uD -~ Second Judge, First Circuit, Oahu

.................................... Albert M. Cris~y Third Judge, First Circuit, Oahu

................................ H. E. Staffo.rd Fourth Judge, First Circuit, Oahu

................................ Francis M:. Brooks Second Circuit, ~IauL .............. Dan H. Case Third Circuit, Hawaii ... _Jas. W. Thompson Fourth Circuit, Hawaii ....... ~-~er· Fifth Circuit, Kauai.. ................ Carrick Buck

Clerks of Courts Clerk Supreme Court.. ...... Robt. Parker, Jr. Asst. Clerk Supreme Co"urt .... Gus K. Sproat Stenographer Supreme Court ............... .

.. ...................................... Miss Kate Kelly Asst. Stenographer ........ Fiossie G. Fairbanks Asst. Stenographer ...................... Nadine Cook Mess. & BailifL ............................ Chuck Man

Circuit Court, First Circuit Chief Clerk and Cashier ....................... .

....................... Arthur E. Restarick Assistant Clerks: 1st Asst. Chief Clerk .................... Sibyl Davis 2nd Asst. Chief Clerk. ........ _James K. Trask Jrd Asst. Chief Clerk .... Chas. K. Buchanan 4th Asst. Chief Clerk .................. Hilda Smith Asst. Cashier and Bookkeeper ...... Mable Kim Asst. Cashier and Bookeeper

.. .................................... William Tilley Stenographer ............................ Nellie Overand Clerk 1st Judge ........................ H. A. Wilder Clerks, 2nd Judge ................................ ..

........ Lawrence R. Holt, Do'rothy M. Feder Clerks, 3rd Judge .................................. ..

.. .............. G. R. Clark, Claus Roberts Clerks, 4th Judge .................................. ..

.... A. V. Hogan, Mrs. Hazel McCraw Court Reporters:

J. L .. Horner, L. C. Findley, Reuben N. Linn, Wm. S. Chillingworth.

Messenger and Bailiff ................ \Villiam Ing Clerk, 2nd Circuit.. .................... }. V. Cockett Clerk, Jrd Circuit, Hawaii. ... Thos. C. White Clerk, 4th Circuit, Hawaii. ..... Gilbert L. Aio Clerk, 5th Circuit, Kauai.. .......... J. C. Cullen

n Col. P. M. Smoot.. .............. Adjutant-General Land Court 1:- Col. \V. A. Anderson.................... Registrar .............................. P. H. Mulholland ' lt ~~·~ ... As~t.';)~t-General Assistant R::trar .......................... W. Akana

~- ~v.t-...-1( ,_ ~ ~ , ~ .3 J ~':(._'] ltrt.u-t. ~. ~ ;-t 1-fc. • j , .... ~.«.. t-/'- :t 7 .I ...... A~ol

(

REGISTER AND DIRECTORY 121

Cottrt Interpreters

~ft~f~~"e"::::-::·:::::::-::·:::::::::::·:::::::::L~rg_- 0~~~~~~ District 11! agistrates

Oahu Harry Steiner, Louis LeBaron ________ Honolulu Harry T. Mills ............................................ Ewa \Vm. K. Rathburn ......... ___________________ Koolauloa A. R. Hawkins ____________________________________ \Vaialua H. H. Plemer ____________________________________ \Vahiawa P. D. Kellett .................................... Koolaupoko

Maui C. C. Conradt.. .................................... Wailuku C. T. Yoshikane, Second Judge ...... \Vailuku Jack P. Kaonohi.. ................... -------------Lahaina Duncan B. Murdock. ......................... Makawao \Villiam Kalama ...................................... Hana Edward McCorriston --------------------------Molokai

~- w. cc~~~:~n!..~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.~_t~~i Hawaii

N. D. Godbold, Jr ......................... South Hila Wm. H .. Smith, Second Judge ...... South Hilo E. K. Stmmons ................................ North Hila Henry Van Gieson .................... North Kohala David l\1. Forbes ........................ South Kohala Manuel S. Botelho ............................ Hamakua Tomekichi Okino -------····---------------------------Puna

i:;,~;~r N .HHa~2~~-~~e_'-'-::::::::::::::::::·s;;~ih .. K~~~ A. ]. Stillman ................................ No"rth Kona

DEPARTMENT OF GOVERNOR Governor ........................ } oseph B. Poindexter Secretary ............ Lieut. Col. \V. E. Dunham Stenographer .................. Eleanor Prendergast Passport Clerk. ................... Carl l\1. Machado Aide .................... :Lieut.-Col. W. R. Dunham Aide .............................. Cmdr. E- Wayne Tod

Sccr~t::Y~~~~~-~-~~--~-~.A~~ n Chief Clerk __ ................................. Henry Paoa Clerks ............ l\Irs. P. D. Kellet, Albert l\Ie-

deiros, J. Koki, l\Iiss M. B. Shepard

FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES IN TERRITORY OF HAWAII

Belgium-ConsuL. ............... Victor H. Lappe Brazil-Consu1 .................... Antonio D. Castro China-Consul GeneraL ...... Mui King Chau Cuba-Acting ConsuL. ........... L. R. Gaspar Denmark-ConsuL ...................... R. B. Booth France-ConsuL -----------· T. 0. Peeker Germany-ConsuL ...................... R. F. Lange Great Britain ....... _______________ \V. P. \V. Turner Italy-Acting ConsuL ..... \V. l'. \V. Turner Japan-Consul GeneraL ...... Teijiro Tamura The Netherlands .................. C. A. Mackintosh Norway-ConsuL. ............... V. C. Schoenberg Peru-ConsuL.. ............. L. A. R. Gaspar, Jr. Portugal-Consul GeneraLAlbert A. Araujo Sweden-ConsuL ............ Dr. Nils P. Larsen

DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY GENERAL

\V. B. Pittman ................... Attorney General J_ V. Hodgson .............................. First Deputy George P. Kimball .................. Second Deputy Jon Wiig ... , ................ ----------------Third Deputy Ailene J arret!.. ........ Principal Clerk & Steno. Gladys Hickman ...... Principal Clerk & Steno. James F. Clark. ............................. Investigator

BOARD OF PRISON DIRECTORS

Oahu-Thomas McVeigh, chairman; Dr. Phillip S. Platt, Bernice D. Spitz, Clin­ton C. Owen, John A. Matthewman

l\faui-Antone F. Furtado, l\L F. Calmes, Joseph S. Kaiama

Hawaii-Linzy C. Child, Sakuichi Sakai, Arthur J. Stillman, Gilbert Patten, \Val­Ier Eklund, Leslie \V. Branch

Kauai-Edward P. Sevick, Robert A. Ba­lester, Juliet R. \Vichman

TREASURER'S DEPARTMENT

\V. C. McGonagle ............................ Treasurer Howard H. Adams .............................. Cashier Simeon Akaka .................... Clerk (Insurance) Charles Finkboner .................................... Clerk Stephen Kahoopii ...... Cash Accounting Clerk Ernest K. Kai ................ Registrar of Public

Accounts James Y. T. Leong .......... Corporation Clerk Pearl ~Ioniz .................... Senior Stenographer Beulah Niderost:. ........................ Stenographer

BANK EXAMINER'S DEPARTMENT Henry W. Aki, Jr ..................... Sr. Acct. Clk. \Valter R. Hart.. .................... Principal Acct. \Villiam E. Holt.. .................. Principal Acct. Wilford W. King .......... Chief Deputy Bank

Examiner \Vallace A. Lee .............. Principal Acct. Clk. Oliver Luis ................ Head Senior Acct. Clk.

t~;;;e f~h~E;~_:_:_:_:_::_:_:.-_:_:_:_:_:_:_::::::_::_:_:_:_:_:_:11::~ ~m: BUREAU OF CONVEYANCES

Mark N. Huckestein ................... Registrar of Conveyances

Geo. C. Kopa ............. _ .. Deputy Registrar W. T. I~ee Kwai ...... __ ... _ ........ Chief Clerk

FIRST TAXATION DIVISION \Villiam Borthwick. ........... Tax Commissioner l\Irs. Angeline P. Robinson ...... Stenographer-

Clerk

Accounting Department \V. Leslie \Vest.. ................ Fiscal Accountant Elmer T. Luke ........ Fiscal Accounting Clerk

Bureau of Real Property Campbell C. ·crozier.. .................. Deputy Tax

Commissioner Samuel l\L Fuller.. .............................. Assessor George R. Leonard ................ Land Appraiser Ralph 0. Searle .............. Valuation Engineer Abraham K. Akau .... Assoc. Land Appraiser Kenneth T. Olds ...... Assoc. Land Appraiser August H. Landgraf, J r. .............. Asst. Land

Appraiser

122 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Harry II. Kimura ........ Asst. I,and Appraiser Ernest Souza ............ } unior Land Appra!ser Daniel H. King ......... .] unicr I-~"and Appraiser Swinton D. AJdriclL .. Assoc. Land Appraiser William D. Vierra ................ Asst. Valuation

Engineer Frank E. Howes .... Asst. Valuation Engineer John J. Kamioka .................... Assistant Clerk James F. Chillingworth .......... Principal Clerk

~~~~~t 1'-ra~~~:::::::: :::::::::::::::_-;;,:~~i~~~~~ §J~~~ Bureau of Personal Property

Francis H. Fitzgerald .................. Deputy Tax Commissioner

\Valter 1\L Vetlesen ....... .]unior Accountant Miss Doris 1\L Terada .... Under clerk-typist

Bureau of Collections

{V'tit~1m wK.~tJZee·::·.:::··.:·.:·.:·.··.::::::::·::::::::~c}!~hl~~ Henry Felix .......................... Accounting Clerk Joseph G. L~wis .......... Sr. Cash Acct. Clerk Allen A. Steward ...................................... Clerk Charles A. Ebright .................................. Clerk Thomas L. Miki ........................................ Clerk Alfred 0. Rosa, Joseph Q. C. Dung-, Ern-

est Enos, Floyd. 1\L Hayashi, Willliam K. Bell, Patrick J. Steward, Henry Ching Shai, Mary S. Chun .... Bookkeeping Mach.

Operators

Delinquent Tar Bureau Edward A. O'Connor ..... Deputy Tax

Commissioner Paul J. Jarrett.. .. Sr. Administrative Officer John K. McColgan ........... .]unior Accountant P~ul }. Bruhn ................... _Junior Accountant \Villiam R. Lorimer ....... .) unior Account;"tnt Henry 1\L Y. Chang .............. Principal Clerk Sylvia Heen .................... Clerk-Stenographer Thomas 1\Iclnerny ........... _Junior Accountant Claire L. Sullivan .. Asst. Clerk-Stenographer Gladys \Vilson .................. Under Clerk-Typist J. Everett Rurmaghim ... Junior Accountant,

Hilo Office Sakuicf>i Sakai.. ..... Assistant Clerk, Kohala

Office

Burau of Field Auditing Earl \V. Fase. .. ............... Chief Accountant Norman E. Gedge .......... Junior Accountant James I. Nishik:nva ........ _Junior Accountant La wrencc T. Rob1nson ............. Assoc. Fiscal

Accountant

Bureau of Income and Excise Ta.~ Harold C. HilL..Deputy Tax Commissioner Thomas J. T ,incoln.. . ...... Accountant Antone }~.f. Soares ..... Accountant John K. Heen..... . ...... .] unior Accountant H. Shirley Ru:;h ............... .}unior Accountant \Viliiam \... Ndld .............. Junior Accountant \Villiam Pacheco .............. } unior Accountant Charles Ching Quon ........ (Pr:n. Clerk) Prin.

Accountincr Clerk Jackson L. 1\filligan ................................ Clerk 1\Irs. Gertrude C. A. Lee ...... Assis~ant Clerk Arthur Pai .......... Assistant Clerk

Gross Income Divis£ on Louis C. Silva .... Deputy Tax Commissioner Victor Kahn ................ Administrative Officer John S. MacKenzie ........... .] unior Accountant James Conc.:hee .................... J uni_or Accountant Duke H. Chung ................. .}unwr Accountant Ceorge H. Gertz .............. .] unior Accountant Paul K. C. Goo.. . ...... ] unior Accountant

Kamane ]l.!urakami. .......... .}unior Accountant Vern on K. Y en .... Bookkeep. 1\fach. Operator Cecilia 1\Iarques ... .]r. Fiscal Account. Clerk l\Irs. Eleanor P. Patten ........ Assistant Clerk

Tax Appeal Court

~~~r!.;, ~~:~~·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::iir!r':,~~~ A. Lester 1\farks .................................. llfember

Deft"nqucnt Tax Adjustment Bu1·eau

~1~~~ {th2!€~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~~:~:~ SECOND TAXATION DIVISION

Manuel A sue ........ Tax Assessor and Collector Frank Alameda .................. Assistant Assessor Tin Fook Tom .................. Assistant Assessor John A. Medeiros ............ Assistant Assessor Frank H. Foster ........ Assistant Assessor and

Collector (llfolokai) Lum l\L Fee ...... Assistant Assessor (Income

Division Albert PaschoaL .............. Assistant Assessor

(Gross Income Division) Kenji Yanagi.. ........ Assistant Collector anJ

Cashier Alfred Santos .......... ..Bookkeeper Frank Zane .............................................. Clerk

f"o'ht:kAle~:~d~~ni __ ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::::§l~~~ Pearl Meyer FrieL...Clerk (Moloka1 Off1ce) Norman n. 1\IcGuire .............. Clerk (llfolokai

Office) · Manuel R. Souza ............ Building Valuation

Engineer

THIRD TAXATION DIVISION Daniel N athaniel.. .......... Acting Assessor and

Collector Henry Fat Ho .................... Assistant Assessor James Y. 1\.furamoto .......... Assistant Assessor Robert D. Dods .................. Assistant Assessor Alfred F. Silva .................. Assistant Assessor Henry \V. Porter, Jr ....... Assistant Assessor Herbert A. Kai .................. Assistant Assessor Gilbert \V. Lee .................. Assistant Assessor Albert Weight .................. Assistant Collector Everett Burmaghims ...... Assistant Collector R. Carvalho ........................ Accounting Clerk Mrs. Rita Dang .......................... Junior Typist Tuck Lee Chang.. . ............ _Junior Clerk C. Bertlemann, Jr ............................ .

............ Assistant Assessor and Collector S. Higashi ........................................ Accountant Bertha \Veeks ..... .] unior Clerk-Kealakekua,

Kona Sakuichi Sakai.. .......... Assistant Collector-

Kohala

FOURTH TAXATION DIVISION Geor.;e M. Coney ................................... .

................ Acting Assessor and Collector \Villiam K. 1\Iahikoa ........ Assistant Assessor William K. \Vaialeale ...... Assistant Assessor Joseph John Gerdcs .......... Cashier and Asst.

Collector B. ]\f. \Vatamura ......................... Bookkeeper Theodore Anderson .................................. Clerk Eclward Morishige .................................. Clerk

TERRITORIAL AUDITING DEPARTMENT

Administration Francis II. Smith ................................ Auditor John W. Vannatta ................ Deputy Auditor Agnes Kalikolani.. .......... Clerk-Stenographer

REGISTER AND DIRECTORY 123

Audif1"ng and Disbursing Division Alexander !\.Iay ...................... Principal Fiscal

Accountant Chas. Jones ............................. Principal Fiscal

Accounting Clerk l,.awrence K. Lono .. S('nior ]<'iscal

Accounting Clerk ~Irs. ~Iarv B<1con .... Senior I<'iscal

Accounting Clerk \Villiam K. Jarrett.. . .......... Senior Fiscal

Acccunting Clerk Arthur Aarona..... . ..... Senior Accounting

Clerk \Villiam H. Hcen, Jr. . ... Clerk Albert Tsuruda............ .Junior Clerk Eleanor K umalae.. .Senior Bookkeeping

and ~lachine-Operator

Accou,.tting Di1•£sion Paul J. Thurston .................... Principal Fiscal

Accr untant gdward Honan........ . ...... Principal I"isca)

Accounting Clerk Alfred G. Patten .... Senior Fiscal Accounting

Clrrk Field Auditing

'fheo. Char ---------------------- .Accountant John A. Bal .......................... Accountant E··rl \Villiams...... -------------------··Accountant Em:1nue-l R. Bisho ....... Junior Accountant Charles Holt ---------------------1 unior Accountant

BOXING CO~IMISSION J. Donovan Flint .............. Chairman Allan J. ::\fc'~nir<" ..... Commissioner Dr. \V. K. Chang ________ ............ Commissioner Walter J. Adams ............ Secretary

BOARD OF HARBOR COl\DIISSIONERS

Chairman (ex-officio) .............. Louis S. Cain Members .................... Gilbert J. \Valier, Abner

T. Longley, C. \V. Scribner, Earl Thacker Chief Clerk.. .............................. H. N. Browne Clerk·Stenographer .......... Mrs. Nina Crowell

Harbor Master, IJ:onolulu .......... J as. L. Friel Asst. Harbor 1\Iaster, Honolulu

........................ Capt. F. J. Untermann Pilots, Honolulu ............ Capts. A. N. Hassel·

gren, Richard N rison, George Jennings Harbor l\faster and Pilot, H ilo ........... .

................................ Capt. James G. Reid Pilot, Kahului .............. Capt. C. J. Fredholm Pilot. Port Allen .................. Capt. f4 • G. Hall Ahukini & Nawiliwili .. Capt. J. \V. Bertrand

BOARD OF COMl\IISSIONERS OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

Frank H. Locey....... . ................ President Joseph V. Fernandes ............... Commissioner Dr. ]. H. Raymond ................. Commissioner Dr. IT. L. Lyon ........ _________________ Commissioner I\fr. I..-. A. IIenke...... . ......... Commissioner

Department Chiefs Administration--}. L. Dwight ...... Executive

Secretarv Div. of Animai Indu<try--Dr. L. E. Case ....

------------------Territorial Veterinarian Div. of Entomology-D. T. Fullaway ........... .

···----------------···Territorial Entomologist Div. of Forestry-C. S. Judd ...... Territorial

Fon·ster Div. of Fish and Game-H. L. Kelly ......... .

..................... Territorial Director

A "CENTURY OF PROGRESS" COlll:lliSSION

John F. I\Jorill, Raymund C. Brown, Ar­thur II. Eyles, III.

OFFICE OF THE COllll\IfSSION OF PUBLIC LANDS AND ITS

I.'\ <;QC]P,&RATIV¥":"DEP ARTMENTS T ~~iJA. fj('( fL~tf:HJftice

S::hari.,S . ..!r....;...B;MJ.,.,.. . ....... Commissiont·r of Public Lands and Surveyor

A. A. Dunn ................ Senior A<lministrativc Officer and Sub Land Agent for Oahu

Charles L. l\Iurray ... Tunior Administrative .Assistant and Sub Land Agent for Hawaii

I•rank 1..-. Caires.. _Junior Administrative Assistant and Sub Land Agent for Maui

Joseph A. Aiu .......... _ _Junior Administrative Assistant and Sub Land Agent for Kauai

Survey Department Robert J). King ________________ Principal Cadastral

Enginl'er II erbert E. Newton __ .......... Senior Cadastral

Engineer Taxation JU aps Burcaa

Franks \V. Burns ...... Cadastral Engineer Th,)mas S. Aana ........... Senior Engineering

Draftsman Di,,ision of llydro_oraphy

~fax H. Carson ............ Chief Hydrographer \V. E. Armstrong ________________ Office llngineer

Board of Public Lands J. F. Childs ........... ~.~ ... Chairman \VilJiam B. Pittman ...... Secretary Herbert C. Shipman.. . . ..... -:\fc-~nher Paul F. Lada.~....... . .. ~lembrr Conrad \V. Ahrens ... :Member Oahu: Board of Appraisers Vincent Fernandt's .... Chairman Stanley Livingston _______________ :i\femher Percy M. Pond.. . .............. Member Hawaii: Herman \V. J udloff F. J. Harlockrr.. . Thomas P,. Cook .. l\Iaui: Frank A. Lufkin ...... . Charles E. Thompson C. 0. Buchanan Kauai: A. D. Hills Bernard D. Pratt. H. T. Barclay

........... Chairman ___ )femher

............... Member

.................. Chairman . .. Member .. I\Iember

.. Ch:drman

..... :'.Icmher . ................ ~ ..... ~!ember

Boundary Commissioners lion. A. l\L Cristy....... . ...... J slanrl of Oahu Han. Daniel H. Case.... . .. Tsl"nd of :Maul Han. J. \V. Thompson ...... Kohalo, Kana and

Kau District, Island of Hawaii lion. Delbert E. 1\Ietzger ...... Hamakua, Hila

and Puna Districts, Island of lfawaii Han~ Carrick Buck ................ Island cf Kauai

~~~~ =--------------Executive Secret::try

Commissioners: Frederick G. Krauss, Har-riett P. Jones Peterson, John Franklin \Vooley, Noble H. Kauhane

C. A. Stohie .................................... Accountant J ~rues G. ).lunro .......................... Agriculturist Kenneth Lee, William Bell. Charles ~{eyer

. ............. Clerks

124 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

_ ~ '~ARD OF COMMISSIONERS OF

f 1 ~'p~::~~---~~;a~r~~: Ex-Officio Penrose C. l\Iorris, ~Irs. Grace Pa.~----.--········

__ .. ---··--------·······-···----------Commtsswners Dr. T. T. \Vaterman ........................ Librarian Edmund H. Hart.. .................. Asst. Librarian Mrs. Adrienne Hart.. .............................. Cierk Mrs. Henrietta D. Holt.. ........................ Clerk

COM1USSIONERS OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION

Dr. A. L. Dean ................................ Chairman William A. Clark. ..................................... Maui Norman D. Godbold .................... East Hawaii

. I Mrs. Loy McCandless Marks.. .............. Oahu _.,., !..J; f--....DF..-A~ ·H.· Waterhouse;·------·-·······------Kauai

Leslie \V. \Vishard .................... \Vest Hawaii John Mason Young ............................ Honolulu Oren E. Long ................................. Ex-Officio

BOARD OF HEALTH TERRITORY OF HAWAII

F. E. Trotter, M. D ......................... President and Executive Officer

Members: Guy C. Milnor, M. D., D. S. Bowman, W. B. Pittman, Frank H. Locey, Edwin Lewis, Chas. A. Mac­Gregor

Secretary ...................................... l\Iae R. Weir Secretary to President and Executive

Officer ........................ l\Iiss Eleanor Johnson Registrar General of Vital Statistics

................................ Miss l\I. Hester Lemon Director, Bureau of Communicable Diseases

and Bureau of Maternal and Infant Hygiene, Fred K. Lam, l\L D.

Director, Bureau of Sanitation .... S. VV. Tay Director, Bureau of Pure Food and Drugs ..

.......................................... M. B. Bairos Director, Bureau of Public Health

Nursing ................... J\Iiss Mabel L. Smyth Director,· Bureau of Tuberculosis ......... .

.............................. C. Alvin Dougan, M. D. Chief Clerk and Budget Officer ........... .

............................................ Harold Harvey Superintendent, Territorial Hospital for

Insane .......................................... A. B. Kroll Medical Director, Territorial Hospital

for Insane ................ A. B. Eckerdt, l\L D. Health Officer, Island of Hawaii... .....

.................................................. J. S. Caceres Health Officer, Island of KauaL. .........

................................ A. l\L Ecklund, l\I. D. Division Supervisor, Island of 1\faui

...................................................... R. C. J,ane Division Supervisor, Island of Kauai

.............................................. A. P. Christian Sanitary Inspector, Leeward l\Iolokai

............................................ Robert B. Pauole Government Phvsicians and Local Re{Jistrar

0'lhu R. J, l\Iermod, l\L D., Aiea and Waipahu

District, \V::tipahu G. E. Wall, l\I. D., Waianae District, Ewa Merton H. l\Iack, .M. D., \Vahiawa Dis­

trict, \Vahia wa A. L. Davis, l\f. D., \Vaialua District,

\Vaialua Herbert T. Rothwell, l\I. D., Koolauloa

District, Kahuku Clarence Chinn, 111. D., Koolaupoko Dis­

trict, \Vaimanalo Hawaii

L. L. Sexton, l\I. D., South Hilo District,

Hilo Thos. Keay, l\I. D., No. South Hilo Dis­

trict, Peepeekeo Donald L. Burlingame, M. D., North Hilo

District, Hakalau Geo. Ferre, 11. D., So. Hamakua District,

Paauilo R. T. •rreadwell, l\I. D., No. Kohala Dis­

trict, Kohala C. L. Carter, l\L D., N. Hamakua and

So. Kohala District, Honokaa \Valter Seymour, l\I. D., North Kona Dis­

trict, Holauloa H. S. Dickson, l\I. D., South Kona Dis­

trict, Kealakekua J. E. Jensen, l\L D., Kau and Waiohinu

Districts, Pahala F. Irwin, l\I. D., Puna District, Olaa

l\Iaui Wm. T. Dunn, l\L D., Lahaina District,

Lahaina L. F. Luckie, M. D., Wailuku District,

Wailuku G. H. Lightner, l\L D., Kahului District,

Kahului H. McCoy, M. D., Puunene and Kihei

Districts, Puunene A. C. Rothrock, l\L D. Makawao District,

Paia F. A. St.Sure, l\I. D., Haiku District,

Haiku H. \V. Chamberlin, l\I. D., Kula District,

\Vaiakoa H. l\I. Patterson, l\I. D., Hana District,

Han a Molokai

Paul Wiig, M. D., Leeward Molokai, Hoolehua

Lanai J, P. McBride, l\I. D., Island of Lanai,

Lanai City Kauai

J. l\I. Kuhns, l\I. D., Lihue District, Lihue \V. D. Balfour, l\L D., Kawaihau District,

Kealia• V. A. Har!, M. D., Hanalei District,

Kilauea l\L A. Brennecke, l\I. D., Koloa District,

Koloa B. 0. Wade, M. D., Waimea District,

\Vaimea

LEPER HOSPITALS

H. A. Walker, chairman; \Villiam H. l\Ic­Jnerny, Guy N. Rothwell, Thomas l\1. Mossman, R. \V. Benz

INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT BOARDS Honolulu-E. B. Clark, A. J, Wirtz, Robert

Anderson, A. H. Tarleton, L. \V. Jon· geneel.

Hawaii-Henry K. Ki!lner, Harry J. Or­cot!. Cyril J. Hoogs, James W. Webster, H. B. Elliott.

lllaui-l\Irs. W. M. Weddick, Ralph H. \Vilson. Paul F. Lada, \Villiam F.

Crockett, H. Perry Moritz. Kauai--~1. R. Thomas, G. l\I. Coney, James

P. Cbpper, Lawrence L. Patterson, John l\L Lydgate.

CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION BOARD OF HEALTH

G. D. Crozier, Ted Trent, George Freitas

REGISTER AND DIRECTORY 125

BOARD OF REVIEWS First Division

\Villiam McKay, Chairman; Charles J. Pietsch, John T. Gray

Second Division ]. H. Foss, Chairman; George Edwards,

Ralph F. Shaw

Third Di·llision Stanley Elmore, Ch11irman; T. E. M.

Osorio, George S. \V ong

Fourth Division Paul H. Townsley, Chairman; C. ]. Fern,

"'alter ~F. Sanborn

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS

Superintendt·nL .......................... Louis S. Cain Stenographer ..... J\Irs. Anna K. H. Vannatta

gle~tke~V.e_r:::::::::::::::::::::::::::iii~·r; 01Pr~,;d!~~~~ BOARDS OF EXAMINERS

:\fedical-Dr. Rolla 0. Brown, Dr. Hasting H. \Valker, Dr. James A. Morgan.

Dental-Dr. P. H. Wilson, Dr. F. K. Sylva, Dr. J. K. Kahaleanu.

Veterinary--Dr. L. E. Case, Dr. B. A. Gallagher, Dr. J. C. Fitzgerald.

Optometry-Dr. Robert S. Komenaka, Dr. Rex B. Freeman. Dr. Paul Rushforth.

Osteopathy-Dr. Kathryn I. Morelock, Dr. Bernice R. Gier, Dr. Emily Dole.

Pharmacy-M. R. Levey, P. F. Jachumson, A. W. llfeyer, Jr.

Nursing-Janet 11.1. Dewar, Gwendoline Shaw, James A. Morgan, Jessie Farrell, Albertine T. Sinclair.

CHILD WELFARE BOARDS

Oahu-Judge F. l\L Brooks, Ex-Officio; Nora Sturgeon, Valentine H. Franckx, Alice Hastings. Cooke, J. Lamb Doty.

Hawaii-Judge J. \Vesley Thompson, Ex· Officio; Delbert E. Metzger, Ernest G. DeSilva. James \Valker, Rev. Father Louis, Ernest l\L Kuwahara, Aileen R. Stillman.

llbui--Judge Daniel H. Case. Ex-Officio; \Villiam H. Hutton, Pia Cociett, May B. Murdock, Ethel S. Baldwin, Amelia Bain Lightner.

Ka'}ai-Judge Carrick H. Buck, Ex·Offi­ClO ;_ Charles S. Ishii, Mrs. Anna C. Gla1syer, J. M. Lydgate, Mabel I. \Vi]. cox, Lydia Holt Wright.

PUBLIC UTILITIES

Established 1913

Cbairman .......... ~-~- .............. ~~ .......... F. 0. Boyer 1\Iembers~ .. ~~~ ...... V. B. Libbey, W. R. Hobby

F. G. Manary, W. L. S. Williams Executive Secretary ............... .] ean R. Kenny

COMMISSIONERS OF DEEDS

Malcolm Macgreggor Campbell, \V. P. Du­val, in the Province of Quebec, Canada.

Louis Karstaedt, in the state of Pennsyl· vania

Lester Ball, in the state of California M. l\1. Campbell, District of Montreal for

Hawaii G. S. Grossman, in \Vashington, D. C. C. F. \Vilcox for New York Antonio F. Bradford, Azores Islands Dorothy H. McLennan, California \Villiam Peter Duval, in Quebec, Canada Adolph Michelson, in Quebec, Canada

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR THE HOME FOR FEEBLE-MINDED

Mrs. N. L. D. Fraser, John Effinger, Mrs. R. G. Thayer, Dr. A. L. Andrews, Mary E. White

FAIR COMMISSION

Arthur---A.--creene, Chairman; \Valter Kretzsehmar, Frances L. James, ·Stanley H. H. Ashford, Oahu; L. W. Bryan, Hawaii; Harold W. Rice, l\Iaui; R. G. Bell, Kauai.

TERRITORIAL BOARD OF ACCOUNTANCY

Matthew 1\I. Graham, E. R. Cameron, J. K. Lamberton.'

BUREAU OF THE BUDGET

James \V. Lloyd .................................. Director George E. 1\IcCorriston ...... Purc~as!ng 1:rn~ Mary A. Hart.. ........................ Prmc1pal er Sarah V. l\!acfarlane .............................. Clerk Jesse J. Kelly ............................................ Clerk

EMPLOYEES' RETIREMENT SYSTEM

Henry P. O'Sullvan ...... Executive Secretary F. J. 1\Iarkman ...... Senior Fiscal Acct. Cl~rk James E. Thomas ............ Senior Bookkeepmg

Clerk Mrs. Charlotte C. Lowrey ................ Principal

Stenographer Mrs. Maude D. 1\IcKee .......... ~ ... ~.Asst. Clerk

Stenographer 1\Irs. Helen K. Rosario ....... ~. -~-~Asst. Clerk

Stenographer \V. C. McGonagle, Trustee; Frances H.

Smith, \Vade \Varren Thayer, Miles E. Cary, Abraham Lewis, Jr ............. }..Iembers

HAW AU TOURIST BUREAU Organized 1902

~~01~ ~~i~~~~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::vi~~~2~:f~~:~ Hon. Lawrence M. Judd ................ Treasurer Ceo. T. Armitage .......... Executive Secretary Frank J. Harlocker (Hawaii), Alf~ed

Martinsen (Maui), \Villiam H. R1ce (Kauai).

ASSOCIATED CHAMBERS OF COJ\11\IERCE

Organized Nov. 24, 1923

Ray 1\[. Allen .............. ~ ..................... President John A. Hamilton .............................. Secretary

CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF HONOLULU

Stanley C. Kennedy ......... ~~ ............... President A. E. Kirk. ............. ~ ....... First Vice-President

126 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Alva E. Steadman ..... Second Vice-President Lawrence 11. Judd. . ............ Treasurer John A. Hamilton .............................. Manager

MAUl CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Organized Oct. 14, 1909

J ohtt Harrison Foss .......................... President \Vilbur K. \Vatkins ...... First Vice-President E. Hutler Smith .......... Second Vice-President Ceorfe N. \Veight.. ...... Third Vice-President A. E. Jenkins ...................................... Secretary H. H. Alexander ................................ Treasurer CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF HILO E. Stanley Elmore...... . ........... ..... President John M. Ross ............................ Vice-President Gordon H. Scruton ........ Executive Secretary G. ]. 1\Iatthias .................................... Treasurer

KAUAI CHAMBER OF COl\fl\IERCE Organized 1913

Ray M. Allen ..................... President C. ]. Fern...... ----------·-----···Vice-Presidt'nt Andrew Gross .................................. Secretary J. I. Silva ................................... Treasurer

!'AN-PACIFIC UNION Incorporated 1917

Hon. \Valter F. Frear ...... Acting President ~Miss A. Y. Satterthwaite .............. Secretary A. Hume ford.... . .................... Director

HONOLULU STOCK AND BOND EXCHANGE

Or~anized A u~ust 8, 1898 George H. Kellerman.. . ........ President Rolla K. Thomas ...................... Vice-President Ceo. E. Parker ........ Secretary and Executive

Officer I!awaiian Trust Co., Ltd ............... Treasurer

HAWAIIAN SUGAR PLANTERS' ASSOCIATION

Reorganized Nov. 18, 1895 R. A. Cooke ........................................ President H. A. \Valker ................ First Vice-President F. C. Atherton ............ Second Vice-President R. D. 1\Iead .............................. Vice-President B. H. Wells .................. Secretary-Treasurer S. 0. Halls .... Assistant Secretary-Treasurer \V. Pflueger ..................... Assistant Secretary John \Vaterhouse ................................ Auditor

EXPERIMENT STATION OF PLANTERS' ASSOCIATION

Station Staff II. P. Agee ............................................ Director R. C. L- Perkins, Otto H. Swezey ....

__ .. .............. Consulting Entomologists C. E. Pemherton ..... Bxecutive Entomologist F. X. \Villiams, R. H. Van Zwalu-

wenburg __ ........ Associate Entomologists Fred A. Bianchi.. ............ Asst. Entomologist H. L. Lyon .................. Botany, Forestry and

Pathology. in charge J. I'. 1\Iartin .................................... Pathologist C. \V. Carpent~r. ......... Associate Pathologist D . .M. Weller .................................... Histologist L. W. Bryan (Hawaii). George A. Mc-

Eldowney (Oahu), Albert Duvel (Kauai) ........................... Forest Superviso"rs

E. L. Caum ................................ Asst. Botanist Hugh W. Brodie .............. Research Assistant Colin Potter ........................ Asst. in Forestry W. R. 1\fcAllep ................................ Consulting

Sugar Technologist \V. L. 1\IcCleery ................ Sugar Technologist Raymond Elliott .... Asst. Sugar Technolo~ist A. Brodie ........ Consulting 'rechnical Chemist H. A. Cook, Fred Hansson .............. .

.. .. .......................... Associate Chemists \Vard S. Fleshman ............ Assistant Chemist F. E. Hance .......................................... Chemist L. E. Davis, F. R. Van Hrocklin ....... .

.. --------------------------Associate Chemists Arthur Ayres, Paul Cow, A. R. Lamb ..

.. __ ------------------------Assistant Chemists J. A. Verret ............ Consulting Agriculturist A. J. l\Iangelsdorf ............................ Geneticist Colin G. I. .. ennox .............. Associate Geneticist H. K. Stender .................................. In charge

Kailua Variety Station R. J. Borden ................................ Agriculturist R. E. Doty ................. Associate Agriculturist Douglas A. Cooke .............. Plant Physiologist F. C. Denison (Oahu), D. S. Judd

(1\Iaui), 0. H. Lyman (Hawaii), C. C. Barnum (Kauai) ...... Island Repre-

sentatives (Genetics and Agriculture) A. H. Cornelison ....................................... .

.............. Supervisor Fertilizer Control U. K. Das .................. Research Asst., Direc-

tor's Office \V. Twigg-Smith .............................. Illustrator A. R. Crammer ............................ Chief Clerk Mabel Fraser .................................... Librdrian

PINEAPPLE PRODUCERS CO-OPERATIVE ASS'N, L1'D.

Organized !917 John \Vaterhouse ------------------------------President Alfred W. Eames ........ First Vice-President A. L. Dean ...................... 2nd Vice-President L. \V. JongeneeL. ......... Secretary-Treasurer H. L. Denison, C. L. Queen, Sylvia

Kempton, Isla Davies .... Asst Secretaries Preston 1\IcKinney .................. Asst. Secretary

ASSOCIATION OF HAWAIIAN SUGAR TECHNOLOGISTS D. G. Conklin.............. . .......... President R. B. }ohnson .................. First Vice-President ]. H. Pratt ........................ Secretary-Treasurer Irwin Spalding ...................................... Auditor

ENGINEERING ASSOCIATION OF HAWAII

Organized April 25, 1920 C. W. Dickey .................................... President Harry P. Field .............. First Vice-President Renjamin F. l{ush ...... Secoud Vice-President \Vm. C. Furer .................. Secretary-Treasurer

BOARD OF 1\fARINE UNDER-WRITERS AGENCIES

Boston .................................... C. Brewer & Co. Philadelphia .......................... C. Brewer & Co. New York .............................. Bruce Cartwright LiverpooL ................. Theo. H. Davies & Co. Uoyds. London .......... Theo. H. Davies & Co. San Francisco .................. Bishop Ins. Agency BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS

OF TERRITORY OF HAWAII F. A. Dechert............. . .......... President F. D. Creedon ... .. ... Vice-President Bernard Froiscth ............ Secretary-Treasurer Paul Spain ......... Auditor

QUEEN'S HOSPITAL Erected in 1860

J. R. Galt ............................................ President Charles Hemenway ................ Vice-President B. Cartwright .................................... Secretary Hawaiian Trust Co., Ltd ................. Treasurer Young, LambertOn & Pearson ............ Auditor Dr. N. P. Larsen ................ Medical Director G. C. Potter .............................. Superintendent E. J. Rego.............. . ........ Cashier

REGISTER AND DIRECTORY 127

Bernice Rieckman .................. Supt. of nurses J. R. Galt, Charles Hemenway, Bruce

Cartwright, Dr. Paul Withington, William Mcinerny, Carter Galt, Ar· thur Kellar .................................... Trustees

LEAH! HOME Organized April 4, 1900

P. E. Spalding .................................... President C. R. Hemenway ......... ,..First Vice-President Rev. Father H. Valentin .. 2nd Vice-President Cooke Trust Company, Ltd ............. Treasurer

~ivaK.E.ys~~fd";;.;~;;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::S..'T;~~~~~ Geo. P. Denison .................................... Trustee Dr. H. L. Arnold ................................ Trustee Dr. F. E. Trotter ................................ Trustee David Y. K. Akana .............................. Trustee Young-. Lamberton & Pearson ............ Auditor Dr. H. H. \Valker .............. Medical Director Dr. R. N. Perlstein ........ Resident Physician Dr. \V. F. I,eslie .......... Asst. Res. Physician Dr. D. R. Chisholm ...... Asst. Res. Physician Dr. R. H. Bayley ........ Asst. Res. Physician Robt. S. Anderson .................... Superintendent .Miss A. Sinclair .... Superintendent of Nurses F. R.. NugenL ................................ Pharmacist Miss M. J. Olsen .............................. Dietitian Mrs. Hazel Williams GilL .... Social \Yorker Miss F. Oberman .... Occupational Therapist

CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL Opened Nov. 24, 1909

H. G. Dillingham ................................ President M. H. Henshaw ........................ Vice-President Mrs. R•>bert Mist ...................... Vice-President Robert Carter .................................... Secretary John \Vaterhouse ............................ Treasurer E. J. Greaney ........................................ Auditor Miss Elizabeth McKay ............ Superintendent Lawrence Robinson ...... Trustee and Director Jack Young .................... Trustee and Director· Mrs. Theo. Cooke ........ Trustee and Director Mrs. Gaylord \Vilcox .... Trustee and Director

SHRINERS' HOSPITAL F0R CRIPPLED CHILDREN

Dr. A. L. Craig ........................ Chief Surgeon G. S'taw. R. N ......................... Superintendent

SEA~<EN'S INSTITUTE Established 1902

( .errp.-P Tf. Angu; ............................. Chairman

P~:~, rr~~~~ _ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ -~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~::!~~~ ~-. tr: ~~~~;;;::::::::::::::::::::::::::Jo'is~rt~=~~~~:

DAUGHTERS OF HAWAII Organized Dec. I, 1903

Honorary Reg-ent (For Life) .... l\Irs. Francis Mills Swanzy

Mrs. Geo. C. Potter ............................. Regent Mrs. \Valter F. Frear ................. Vice-Regent Mrs. Clifford Kimhal1... ..... 2nd Vice-Regent :\irs. \V. A. N elson .......................... Secretary :Mrs. George \V. Sumner ................ Treasurer ~Irs. Sherwood Chapman ...... Asst. Treasurer ~I iss ~I<tu•te J O'les ...................... : ..... Historian Mrs. Lahilahi \Vebb .............. Asst. Historian

UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII Board of Regeltts

C. R. Hemenway .............................. Chairman D. L. Crawford .................................. Secretary A. L. Dean, Carl A. Farden. Mrs. Mary

F. Frear A. G. Smith, 0. E. Long: ........... . .. .. .............................................. Regents

LIBRARY OF HA WAil Board of Trustees

President ...........•........................ \V. W. Thayer Treasurer............................ Bruce Cartwright Secretary ................................ A. C. Alexander J. S. Donaghho, Henry P. Judd, Mrs.

J. D'Arcy Northwood Library Staff

Marg:aret E. Newman ........................ Lihrarian Caroline P. Green .................. Asst. Librarian Clarence l\L Takata .................... Clerk-Typist Alice E. Burnham .... Reference & Circulation Alma S. Johnson, Ruth E. McKee, Christal

Fox, Theresa C. Knox, Alice P. R~iley, Frances Hurd, Helen F. Parker, \Vini­fred Ogawa. l\Iiriam Kang. \Villiam Zane, Chester Kiehm. Hideo Toda. Sam Park. Rose 1\Iansbridge ............ Assistants

Mary S. Lawrence .................... Phil. Religion and Education

Virginia Atkins ...................... ......... As<>istant 1-:va Blood .................................. Art and Music Florence A. Klammer .... Catalog and Bindery Alice Simpson. Lo"uise H. Davis, Nella IlL

G. Field, Quan Pau Ching, James A. Suganuma, Francis \V. Liu ...... Assist<~nts

Laura R. Sutherland .......................... Stations Myrtle Coleman, Ann Pfaender, Grace D.

Noble, Tomio ~fukaida ................ Assistants Ellen S. Le Bourdais ........ Edna Allyn Room Katherine D. McDole, Ah Eu Chang ..... .

···-···-···-··-···········-·····-·····-·······Assistants HAWAIIAN HISTORICAL SOCIETY

Organized Jan. II, 1892 Rev. Henry P. J udd ........................ President \V. F. Frear ................................ Vice-President R. S. Kuvkendall... ......... Recording Secretary Thomas \V. Ellis .............................. Treasurer l\Iiss C. P. Creen .............................. Librarian Thomas \V. Ellis, Hon. W. F. Frear,

E. H. Bryan, Jr ......... Trustees until 1935 Victor S. K. Houston, Ralph S. Kuy·

kendall, James Tice Phillips ............... . ................................ Trustees until 1936

KAUAI HISTORICAL SOCIETY Eric A. Knudsen ................................ President I,yle A. Dickey .......................... Vice-President Miss Elsie H. \Vilcox .... Secretary· Treasure<"

BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM Founded 1889. Opened June 22, 1891

Board of Trustees

~~~~~~)if£r:~:~~~~::~:~~~~-~:::::~~::::~~~~1Iil~!m John K. Clarke, C. Montague Cooke, Jr.

Douglas A. Cooke Museum Staff

Herbert Ernest Gregory, P~.D ......... Direct_vr Henry \V. Fowler .... Consultmg Ichthyolo\(Ist Elmer D. 1\Ierrill, Sc.D ................. Consultmg

Dotanist .Consulting Otto H. Swezey, M.S ................ . Entomologist

Clark Wissler, . Ph.D .................... Consulting Anthropologist .

Esther Cooley Anderson, B.A ............. Ed1tor Horace B. Baker, Ph.D ......... Bishop Museum

Fellow (l\1alacology) 1934-35 Edwin B. Bartram ................ Research Asso·

ciate in Botany Ernest Beaglehole, Ph.D... . .. Bishop .

128 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

Museum Fellow (Ethnology) 1934-35 ~fartha \Varren Reckwith .......... Associate in

Hawaiian Folklure Gordon Brown, Ph.J) .......................... .

------------ ........... Associate in Ethnology Hazel Brown ............ Assistant in 1Ialacology Edw;n H. Ilryan, Jr., lii.S .. ---·---------··-·-­

···--·---Curator of Co1lections Peter H. Iluck (Te Rangi Hiroa), l\I.D.

------------·--·--------------·-·------ Ethnologist Bruce Cartwright, Ph.B ........................ .

........................ Associate in Ethnology C. l\Iontague Cooke, Jr., Ph.D ... l\Ialacologist Henry E. Crampton, Ph.D. ·-----·

...... Research Associate in l\Ialacology Charles H. Edmondson, Ph.D ......... Zoologist Kenneth P. Emory. :\I.A ............. Ethnologist E. S. Craighill Handy, Ph.D ..... Ethnologist Anna Ho .............................. General Assistant Edward Y. Hosaka, B.S ........................ .

.. Assistant Curator in Collections J- F. Illingworth, Ph.D ........................ .

.... Research Associate in Entomology Robert P. Lewis ........ Associate in Ethnology C. H. l\IacDaniels, Ph.D ....................... ..

--------------Research Associate in Botany George C. :Munro .... Associate in Ornithology Marie C. Neal, M.S ...... ___________________ Botanist John .Mathias Ostergaard .............. Assistant in

1Iarine Zoology H. L. Shapiro. Ph.D.-·····------------·---------­

Research Associate in Anthropology Carl Skottsberg, Ph.D. ____ Bishop Museum

I.ecturer (Yale) J. Frank Stimson ............. Research Associate

in Linguistics Harold St. John, Ph.D ....................... Botanist Amy Suehiro, B.S ... Assistant in Entomology Margaret Titcomb ------··----------·---------Librarian E. Lahilahi Webb _________ ..... Guide to Exhibits D'Alte A. \Velch, M.A. __________________ Assistant

.Malacologist Eloise M. Young ______________ Clerical Assistant E. C. Zimmerman ................ Asst. Curator of

Collections (Entomology)

BAR ASSOCIATION OF HAWAII Organized June 28, 1899

R. A. Vitousek. __________ President Garner Anthony ....... Vice-President J. D. Flint.......... _________ Secretary E. W. Sutton ..... -··----------·---------- _____ Treasurer

DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN Rl<;VOLUTION, ALOHA CHAPTER

Organized March 5, 1897 Mrs. G. D. Oakley ... __________________ ........... Regent Mrs. I. J. ShephercL. ................. Vice-Regent Mrs. A. 0. Burkland ________________________ Registrar Miss Charlotte Hall.__ _____________________ Treasurer Airs. Harry L. Denison .. Recording Secretary l\Ir. J. M. Brooks .... Corresponding Secretary Afrs. Anna llole ................................ Historian l\Irs. C. C. Wehb ................................ Chaplain Mrs. B. E. Noble, Mrs. C. S. Good-

knight, l\Irs. James Guild, Mrs. L. P. Miller ----·-----------------------------------Directors

HAWAIIAN EVANGELICAL ASSO-CIATION

Originally Organized 1823 Constitutiop revised 1863 Annual 1\Ieeting in June

Ernest C. \Vebster ................ ____________ President Rev. T. l\1. Talmage ........... .Vice-President Walter F. Frear ...................... Vice-President Rev. John. P. Erdman ...... General Secretary

Rev. Norman C. Schenck..--\ssoc. Secretary Rev. Frank S. Scudder ..... Assoc. Secretary Emil A. llerndL...... . .. -\ "snc. St·cretary Hev. Henry P. Judd .... Recording Secretary J. Ho\'lard \VorralL ________________________ Treasurcr ~Irs. B. \Vilson _______ .... Assistant Treasurer Young, Lamberton & Pearson .... Auditors

\YO~IAN'S BOARD OF :IIJSSIONS Or 6anized 1Sil

~1rs. 1'heodore Richards .................. President ~Irs. 0. H. Gulick ........ Hon. Vice-President 1\Iiss ~Iargaretta Shee1ey .............. Hon. Vice-

President ~Irs. \V. ]. Forbes..... . ....... Vice-President Airs. Fr~nk E. 1\Iidkiff .......... Vice-President )Irs. Peter H uyler ........ H.ecording Secretary 1\J rs. Edgar \Vood ...... Home Carr. Secretary Mrs. Carl B. Andrews .................. For. Carr.

Secretary 1\Irs. 0. J. Corneliussen .................. Treasurer Mrs. Randolph G. Moore _________________ Auditor

MISSION CHILDREN'S SOCIETY Organized 1852

Richard H. Rice ................................ President Dudley C. Lewis ______________________ Vice-President Mrs. A. L. Silverman ...................... Secretary Harrison R. Cooke. ...... . ... Treasurer Charles M. Cooke, 3nL ........ Asst. Treasurer Charlotte V. Hall_. ______________________ ...... Recordet J. P. l\1organ ..... _____________________________ ........ Auditor

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Organized 1869

Robert Anderson ----------·····--········-----President John F. Stone ............................ Vice-Presid<nt Leslie A. Hicks ................................ Treasurer Milo Vanek ........................................ Secretary Ralph G. Cole .................... General Secretary

ARMY & NAVY Y. J\L C. A. Executive Committee

Dr. J. A. l\forgan ........................ ,---··Chairman John \Vaterhouse .................... Vtce-Chatrman Chas. G. Heiser, Jr ......... --------·---·--·Treasurer \V. T. \Vilke--------------...... Executive Secretary

YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION Organized 1900

Mrs. C. J\1. Cooke, J r ..................... President J\lrs. Y. C. Yang .......... First Vice-President Mrs. Geo. P. Castle .... Second Vice-President Mrs. F. C. Atherton .... Third Vice-President Mrs. A. L. Andrews .. Fourth Vice-President Mrs. Donald Ross ____________ ...... Rec. Secretary Mrs. Maud B. Cooke .............. Cor. Secretary Mrs. E. A. llfott-Smith .................... Treasurer ~Miss Vera V. Barger ...... Gcneral Secretary

FREE KINDERGARTEN AND CHILDREN'S AID ASSOCIATION

Organized 1895 . l\Irs. \Villiam McKay .......... --------·---Pres!dent Mrs. Frank \V. Damon .... 1st Vice-Prestdent Mrs George P. Castle .... 2nd Vice-President J\frs: James F. l\Iorgan .... 3rd yice-President ~1iss Nina Adams ........ Recordtng Secretary Mrs. \V, J. Forbes .. ________________________ Treasurer Mrs. L. C. Holland ........ Assistant Treasurer Cameron & J ohnstone ...... ------------------Audttors

SOCIAL SERVICE BUREAU Organized June 7, 1899

J. R. Galt ............................................ President J\Irs. A. E. Steadman, Dr. A. L. Dean,

REGISTER AND DIRECTORY 129

R. A. Cooke, Mrs. F. l\L Swanzy .. ................. Vice-Presidents

Hawaiian Trust Co., Ltd ................. Treasurer Nell Findley .................... Executive Secretary Young, Lamberton & Pearson ............ Auditor

STRANGERS' FRIEND SOCIETY Organized 1852 Annual Meeting June

Mrs. E. \V. Dawson ........................ President Mrs. Ada Gartley, Mrs. Harriet \ValL. .

......... ___________________ Vice-Presidents Mrs. Ann 1\fott-Smith ...................... Secretary l\Irs. Elsie J)awson .......................... Treasurer

HAWAIIAN HUMANE SOCIETY Originated 1897 Organized Sept., 1908

M:rs. T. ,V. Carpenter .................... President Mrs. A. \V. Van Valkenburg ............... .

.................. Honorary Vice-President Mrs. A. E. ~furphy .... First Vice-President lliss Bess Young ...... Second Vice-President ~Ir. Cyril F. Damon .... Third Vice-President Mrs. \V. \V. Thayer .. Fourth Vice-President Mr. T. G. Singlehurst .. Fifth Vice-President Mr. A. K. Hutchins ...... Sixth Vice-President Mrs. James B. Mann ........................ Secretary Bishop Trust Co ............................... Treasurer Young, Lamberton & Pea.rson ......... Auditors Arthur McCormack .. Supt. of Animal Home Rose \Very ...................................... Bookkeeper Raymond Coli, Sr., George Kimball, ~Irs.

Chas. W. I.ucas, :\Irs. R A. Anderson, E. H. Beebe, Mrs. Schumann Carson ....

......... .......... . ............. Directors

OAHU CE;IIETERY ASSOCIATION Organized 1844

(~. P. Wilder.... . .... President J. R. Galt.............. .. .. Vice-President F. \V. Jamieson....... .... . ........... Secretary Hawaiian Trust Co ........................ Treasurer

THE OUTDOOR CIRCLE (For the beautifying of Honolulu)

Organized l\Iay, 1912 Mrs. Charles Chillingworth ......... President Mrs. Frederick Lowrey .... l~t Vice-President ~Irs. Robert \Vhite .......... 2nd Vice-President :rtfrs. \Vayne Pfleugt~r .... 3nl Vice-President ::lfrs. Bar! Thacker. ;~ecretary 1\.frs. Carl Schaefer ......... 1 reasurer ~f rs. Frank C-audin. . ............. Librarian 1\Irs. Charles \Vilder ..... Executive Secreta.ry

PACIFIC CLUB Organizerl 18j~

Premises on Emma Street C. \V. Dickey.............. . ........... President J. A. Balch .................... First Vice-President P. ~I. Rodgers ............ Second Vice-President C. A. l\fackintosh .......... Secretary-Treasnrer

HAWAIIAN VOLCANO RESEARCH ASSOCIATION

Organized October, 1911 Dr. A. L. Dean .................................. President Frank C. Atherton ............ lst Vice-President \V. F. Dillingham ............ 2nd Vice-President L. \V. de Vis-Norton ...................... Secretary-

Assistant Treasurer T--t. T. Peck ........................................ Treasurer Dr. T. A. Jaggar. Jr ... Observatory Director R. A. Cooke, W. F. Frear, W. W.

Thayer .. . ....................................... Directors

HONOLULU SY;IIPHONY SOCIETY Reorganized May 29, 1924

Charles F. Weeber .......... President Heaton L. \Vrenn .................... Vice-President \V. Twigg-Smith ............ Secretary-Treasurer Mrs. H. Gaylord, Mrs. R. A. Cooke, Mrs.

Jeffrey Podmore, l\Irs. Atherton Rich­ards, Miss Jane \Vinne, R. A. Ander­son, J. Russell Cades, Lester l\IcCoy ..

Fritz Ha~t ~~~~~---···---~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~---······-~-.C~~J~~~~; CO~Il\IERCIAL CLUB OF HONOLULU

Organized August 30, 1906 John E. Breault.... . ............... President lrwin Spalding . . .. Vice-President John K. Clarke... . ........................... Treasurer Lloyd L. Fuller ................................. Secretary

ROTARY CLUB OF HONOLULU Organized :March 4, 1915

R. Alex Anderson ........................... President J olm \Yard Caldwell ........................ Secretary 1 rv .. ·in Spalding .................. Treasurer

OAHU COUNTRY CLUB Organized 1906

A. E. Steadman .......... President JJ. C. Lindsay..... ..1st Vice-President G. B. Girdler..... . .. 2nd Vice-President S. 0. Halls........ . ........ Secretary-Treasurer

W. C. T. U. Mrs. A. P. Broughton .................... President :rtfrs. Gertrude- N. Turner ..... _Vice-President Mrs. Emma R. Bond .............. Vice-President Mrs. Emma L. \Vood ..... Rec. Secretary Mrs. Margaret 1\L \Vilkins .. Corr. Secretary Mrs. Edith \V. l\Iaire....... . ........ Treasurer

TE~IPERANCE LEAGUE OF HAWAII Rev. Jerome C. Holmes .................. President G. J. \Yallcr .............................. Vice-President Rev. Edgar \V. Henshaw ................... .

.................... Secretary- Superintendent \Villiam C. Furer ............................ Treasurer

UJ.UNIT; WO~IEN'S SWIMMING CLUB Organized March, 1909

~Ir:->. Arthur L. Andrews ................ President ).lrs. Antonio Perry .................. lst Vice-Pres. Mrs. Ernest C. \Vebster ........ 2nd Vice-Pres. l\Jrs. \V. J. 1\lacNeil.. ...................... Treasurer Mrs. \V, A. \Vall .............................. Secretary

HONOLULU AUTOMOBILE CLUB Organized February 5, 1915

A. D. Castro................... . .......... President I\lrs. Herman VOl! Holt ..... Vice-President George T. Armitage ......................... Secretary Stan fey Livington ........ Treasurer LeRoy Blessing .................................. Manager John l\L Young, Harry J. Ancill, Georg-e

I. Rrown. George S. \Vaterhouse, J. B. Andrade, Directors

Col. G. H. Paine ........ Army Representative Capt. J as. D. \Villson .... N avy Representative

HAWAIIAN CIVIC CLUB Organized 1918

F. Lang Akana .................................. President Mrs. Clorinda Low Lucas ...... Vice-President \Villiam ~[. BelL ............ Financial Secretary ~Irs. Louise 1\Iuerlottc .......... Rcc. Secretary John Nua .... Treasurer

130 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

REAL ESTATE BOARD

Ralph .\. K<"arn<s, Chairman; Ferdinand J. JI. S •:1nack, Stanley Livingston.

IIONOLUL U REAI. TY BOARD 1922 Organized

C. F. Cleveland .......... Presirlent .......... 1st Vice-President

..2nd Vice- President .......... Treasurer

..... Secretary

E. .M. Thacker J. ]\[. Brooks ..... . T. F. Trent J. :~<:. Hoch

BOARD OF HOSPITALS AND SETTLEMENTS

Board Members Mr. H. A. \Valker ........................... Chairman Dr. R. \V. Benz ............................... Secretary Mr. \V. H. Mcinerny. :Mr. G. N .. Roth·

well, Dr. Thos. l\L Mossman

Administrath•e Officials Mr. H. A. KluegeLGeneral Superintendent !Jr. ]. T. \Vayson .............................. Physician Miss Ethel V. Paris ............ \Velfare \Yorker

Leper Settlement, Kalaupapa, Molokai Mr. R. L. Cooke ...................... Superintendent Dr. G. B. Tuttle ...... Act. Resident Physician Dr. liavid Liu ........ Asst. Resident Physician

Kalihi Hospital, Honolulu, T. H. Dr. L. F. lladger .......... Attending Physictan ~Irs. Bessie CJinton .............................. Matron

Kapiolani Girls' Home, Honolulu, T. H. Sister l\farie Celine ............................. J\Iatron

Kalihi Boys' Home, Honolulu, T. H. Mrs. Harriet Ha!L ............................. l\Iatron

FARM LOAN BOARD

C. T. Bailey, W. C. McGonagle, William B. Pittman

LIQUOR COJ\HIJSSION BOARD

Honolulu-} a cob K. Ordenstein, Chair· man; Raymond S. Coli, Fred B. Buckley.

Hawaii-James E. Hamilton, Chairman; Hisakichi Matsuo, John K. \Vhite.

Maui-James H. Coke. Chairman; T. J. Davies, Reuben Goodness.

Kauai--Benjamin B. man; George '"f. Aguiar.

Henderson, Chair· \Vatase, Joseph R.

BOARD. OF INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS

E. 11. \Vatson, Valentine H. Franckx, Emilie :l\IacFarlane, ~lay T. Wilcox, Charles S. Crane, James P. 1Iorgan, Ethel Clarke Love.

PRINCIPAT, PUBLICATIONS

'fhe Honolulu Advertiser, issued by the Advertiser Publishing Co. every morning. Raymond Coli, :Managing Editor.

'l'he Honolulu Star·Bulletin, issued every evening (except Sundays), by the H ono­lulu Star-Bulletin, Ltd. Riley H. Allen, Editor.

The Honolulu Times, issued every Saturday. Edward P. Irwin, Edito·r and Publisher.

The Army and Navy Review, issued month-

]y, G. H. Grimm, Editor and Publisher. The Guide, issued daily except Sunday by

the Guide Publishing Co. New Freedom, issued every Friday. Thos.

McVeigh, Editor·Publisher. The Friend, Organ of the Hawaiian Board,

issued monthly. Rev. H. P. Judd, Editor. The Hawaiian Church Chronicle, issued on

the first Saturday of every mnnth. Rt. Rev. S. Harrington Littell, Editor.

fhe Paradise of the Pacific. issued monthly ;\frs. E. A. I.angton·Boyle, Publisher.

The Mid-Pacific Monthly, an illustrated descriptive magazine. Alexander Hume Ford, Editor and Publisher.

The Hawaiian Forester and Agriculturist. issue<l monthly under direction of Board of Com. Agr. and Forestry.

Pacific Affairs. monthly, published by In· stitute of Pacific Relations. Elizabeth Green, Editor.

Hawaiian Edn:ational Review, issued month­ly. The Honolulu Star-Bulletin.

Ke Alakai o Hawaii (native), weekly, issued every Thursday. Jonah Kumalae, Editor.

Hilo Tribunc·Horald. issued daily at Hila by the Trihune·Herald, Ltd. F. J. Cody, ;\Ianager; R. K. Crist, Editor.

The Hawaii Kews (Hilo), weekly, Friday. H. ]. Orguet, Editor.

The l\faui l'\ ews. issued \Vednesday and Saturdays, ;\[aui. J. A. Morrow, Editor.

The Garden Island, issued weekly at Lihue, Kauai. C. J. Fern, l\Ianaging Editor.

Hoku o Haw1.ii, issued on Friday of each week at Hilo. Rev. S. L. Desha, Editor.

The Blue Book Publishing Company, Pub­lishers of "The Blue llook of Hawaii Nci".

THE HAWAIIAN ANNUAL. issued the middle of December for the following year. The Printshop Co., Ltd., Compiler and Publisher.

PLACES OF WORSHIP

Central Union Church, Congregational, cor. Beretania and Punahou; Rev. H. H. T-teavitt, D.D., :Minister; Rev. H. F. Loomis, Associate l\Iinister and Director Religious Education; Rev. T. M. Tal­mage, executive minister. Sunday services at II a. m. and 5 p. m. Sundav school at 9:40 a. m. Prayer meeting Wednes­day evenings at 7:30.

Kalihi Union Church, King street, Kalihi; Rev. Paul B. \Vaterhouse~ pastor. Sun· day school at 9:45 a. m. Gospel service at 11 a.m.

Methodist Episcopal Church, corner Bere· tania and Victoria streets; Rev. C. E. Boyer, vaster. Sunday services at 11 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Sunday school at 10 a. m. Prayer meeting \Vednesdays at 7:30 p. rn.

The Christian Churc.h, Kewalo street, Rev. F. L. Purnell, pastor. Sunday services at 11 a. m. wd 7:30 p. m. Sunday s~hool at 9:45 a. m. Prayer meeting Wednesday evenings, at 7:30.

Salvation Army, services held nightly at hall. 69 Beretania street, with Sunday services at the usual hour.

REGISTER AND DIRECTORY 131

Roman Catholic Cathedral, Fort street, near Beretania; Rt. Rev. S. P. Alencastre, Bishop of Arabissus. Services every Sun­day at 10 a. m. and 4:30 p. m. L6w mass every day at 6 and 7 a. m. High mass Sundays and Saints' days at 10 a-.m.

St. Andrew's Cathedral, Protestant Epis· copal; entrance from Emma street, near Beretania. Rt. Rev. S. H. Littell, Bishop of the :Missionary District of Honolulu; Very Rev. Wm. Ault, Dean. Holy Com· munion, 7; Sunday school, 10; morning prayer, litany and sermon, 11; IIawaiian service, 9:30; evening prayer and sermon, 7:30.

Chinese Congregation. Rev. Sang Mark, Priest in charge. Services on Sunday at II a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Evening prayer every \Vednesday at 7 p. m.

St. Clement's, Punahou. Services on Sun­days, Holy Communion 7 a. m. l\Iorn­ing prayer, 11 a. m. Rev. E. T. Brown, Rector.

Epiphany Mission, Kaimuki, Rev. J, C. l\1ason. priest in charge. Sunday services at 7:30 and 10 a. m. Sunday school at 10 a. m.

St. Elizabeth's Mission, PaJama. Rev. J as. Kieb, priest in charge. Sunday services 7 and II a. m. Sunday school 9:30 a.m.

First Church of Christ, Scientist, Punahou street. Sunday services at 11 a. m. Sunday scho'ol at 9:45 a. m.

Christian Chinese Church, King street; Rev. Hong Tet Yin, pastor. Services every Sunday at 10:30 a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Prayer meeting Wednesday at 7:30 p.m.

Second Chinese Church (Congregational), Beretania street, Lau Tet Wan, pastor. Services at usual hours.

German Lutheran Church, Beretania street. Dr. A. Heermann, pastor. Services on Sunday at 11 a. m.; Sunday school at 10 a. m.

First Baptist Church, 1306 Miller street. L. T. McCall, acting minister. 9:45, Sunday school; II a. m. and 8 p. m.,

church service; 7 p. m., B. Y. P. U. services.

The Pilgrim Church, Rev. T. M. Talmage, pastor. Services every Sabbath at the usual hour. Sunday school at 3 p. m. Chapel situated corner o'f Punchbowl and Miller streets.

Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ, Chapel on King street, near Thomas S':luar~; Sunday school ,at 10 a. m.; preachmg tn Hawaiian at 11 a. m.; in English at 7:30 p. m.

Seventh Day Adventists: C. R. \Vebster, minister. Chapel, Keeaumoku street. Sabbath school Saturdays at 10 a. m.; preaching at II. Wednesday prayer meeting at 7:30 p. m.

Japanese Union Church (connected with Hawaiian Board of Missions); Rev. P. K. Tamura, pastor. -Sunday services at 10 a. m., II a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Prayer meeting Wednesdays at 7 p. m.

Korean Methodist Church, Rev. \V. C. Pang, pastor; Liliha street. Services at usual hours.

Japanese Methodist Church, Rev. C. N aka-mura, pastor. Hold services in chapel on River street, near St. Louis College.

Japanese Church, corner Ki11:au and Pen~ sacola streets, Rev. T. Okumura, pastor. Hold regular services at the usual hours.

Church of the Cross·roads, Rev. G. R. \Veaver, :Minister. Hold services at the usual hours in :Mission 1\.femorial Hall.

Japanese Harris 1\.Iemorial Church, Rev. E. Fuginaga, pastor; corner Fort and Vineyard streets. Services at usual hours_

NATIVE CHURCHES

Kawaiahao Church, corner King and Punch­bowl streets; Rev. \Vm. Kamau, pastor. Services in Hawaiian every Sunday at II a. m. and 7:30 p. m. Sunday school at I 0 a. m. Prayer meeting Wednesdays at 7:30 p. m.

Kaumakapili Church, King street, PaJama; Rev. H. K. Poepoe, pastor. Sunday services at the usual hours.

132 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

COUNTY OFFICIALS

CITY AND COUNTY OF HONOLULU George Fred \V right .............................. l\!ayor Duke P. Kahanamoku ............................ Sheriff Ernest N. Heen ....................................... Clerk Edwin P. 1\furray ................................ Auditor D. L. Conkling .................................... Treasurer .T ohn C. Kelley .................... Public Prosecutor John :II. Asing, David Y. K. Akana, Philip

1- · ~ _ -r-:- Sing; 1\h--C.....-~, Maltbie Holt, -~~ -C. S. Crane, J. G!lhland ........ Supervlsors WI. .\. R. AustilL ................................... .. J.-1.-'"-· ~--.Chief ~ngineer, Dept. Public Works

\Vm. W. Bla!sde!L.. .............................. . ............ Chief Engineer Fire Department

H. A. Smith ........................................... . -------··-------1st Asst. Engineer Fire Dept.

E. P. Boyle ............................................ . ................ 2nd Asst. Engineer, Fire Dept.

Geo. L. Haneberg ..............................•... -·--·-·-Prosecuting Attorney, Police Court

Frank ]. Vierra .... Bandmaster, Haw'n Band Lester 1\fcCoy ............ Chairman Parks Board

COUNTY OF MAUl Clement C. Crowell ............................... Sheriff E. R. Bevins ....................................... Attorney Samuel Alo. Sr ..................................... Auditor J. P. Cockctt. ..................................... Treasurer \V. R. Koae -----··---···-------·--·····--·····---·--------Clerk A. L. Burdick...... . .............. Engineer

Deputy Sheriffs G. H. Cummings ............................... Wailuku F. C. Sylva ....................................... Makawao T. K. \Vahihako..................... . ........ Hana

Albert Ontai ...................................... Lahaina C. R. Lindsey ...................................... Molokai

Superot"sors Harold \V. Rice, chairman and executive

officer; H. L. Holstein, A. S. Spenser, Toshio Anzai, Antonio Garcia, Henry 1.1. Sylva, Augustine Pombo.

COUNTY OF HAWAII \V. H. Beers ....................................... Attorney H. K. Brown ........................................ Auditor E. L. \Vung ........................ Building Inspector .-\. K. Kumalae .......................................... Clerk E. I... 'Vung ..... -------·---------------------------Engineer C. K. Akina. _______________________ Purchasing Agent 0. T. Shipman---------------···· _____________ Treasurer Henry K. l\Iartin ............... Sheriff E. L. \Vung ....................................... J\fanager

Bureau of \Vater \Vorks and Sewers Supervisors

S. j\f. Spencer, Chariman and Executive Officer; G. A. Bush, J. Doi, T. Cun­ningham. East Hawaii; F. R. Greenwell, S. P. \Voods, J. R. Yates, \Vest Hawaii.

COUNTY OF KAUAI W. H. Rice.................. . ........ Sheriff A. G. Kaulukou....... . ...... Attorney K. M. Ahana ........................................ Auditor K. C. Ahana ........................................ Treasurer Samuel K. Dias.. ..................................... Clerk 1\L R. Aguiar, Jr.. William Ellis. Jr ..

Sau Yee Chang, George Kamei, Nobori 1\fiyake ----------------------------------------Supervisors

FEDERAL OFFICIALS

Df!PARTl\IE~T OF TUSTJCE U. S. DISTRICT COURT

Hans. Sebo C. Huber, Edward M. \Vatson ..................... .Judges U. S. District Court

I. 1\I. Stainback ........ United States Attorney \V. C. l\Ioore, Jean Vaughan ........ Assistants \Vm. F. Thompson, Jr ........................... Cierk 0. F. Heine ................ United States Marshall W. R. Ourlcrkirk_ ___________ U, S. Commissioner Harrv Steiner ............ U. S. Com., Honolulu K. D. Godbold, Jr ........... U. S. Com., Hilo T. C. \Vhite ...... U. S. Com., Kailua, Hawaii C. C. ConradL..U. S. Com., Wailuku, Maui _hs. C. Cullen .................... U. S. Com., Lihue W. A. Wall, \V. F. Thompson ............... .

________________ Federal Commissioners of Jurors J. D. FlinL ................ Referee in Ba:Jkruptcy T. Tsuzaki .................................... Referee, Hila F. A. Lufkin ............ Referee, \Vailuku, l\Iaui

TREASURY DEPARTMENT CUSTOMS DIVISION

]. Walter Doyle .................................. Collector Roger J. Taylor ........................ Asst. Collector R. H. Bemrose .................................. Appraiser G. l\L Meyers ........................................ Cashier

John S. Ramsey ........................... Entry Clerk \V arde C. Hiberly ............................ Liquidator Helen Pelatowski.. ...................... llfarine Clerk .\. K. Chung ........................ Statistical Clerk L. F. Bre\' .. ·er .... ----------------------------------Examiner D. A. Briclges .. ----------------------------------Examiner· H. N. Kimura .. -------------·----·-----------·---Examiner \V. I. Stearns .................................... Examiner Muriel A. MeN ess ............................ Secretarv .J..lll" Oli•eira ......................... Gbief-Inspector James l\I. Beck .... Dep. Collector, 1\fahukona R. H. Anderson .............. Dep. Collector, Hilo L- N. G;llin ............ Dep. Collector. Kahului f.. J. HalL. ........... Dep. Collector, Pert .\lien Ernest Palfrey -----·--·----- .. Storekeeper

U. S. I~TERNAL REVENUE Collector's Office

Frederic H. Kanne .............................. Collectcr \V. G. Ashley, Jr ................. Asst. to Collector Lee Sing ----------------------------------------------Cashier Kittie E. \Vestley .... Chief Income Tax Div. Henry Robinson ............................ Bookkeeper Oren C. Wilson .............. Chief Field Division \Villiam H. Kuhlman ...... Hilo Brauch Office

REGISTER AND DIRECTORY 133

HONOLULU POST OFFICE

John H. \Vilson .............................. Postmaster Albert P. Lino ........................ Asst. Postmaster George T. Sullivan .................. Supt. of Mails John Nua ........................ Asst. Supt. of Mails E. T. Gilsey .............................. Postal Cashier Alex L. Long ................ l\1oney Order Cashier Chas. E. Paaluhi.. .. Foreman Mailing Section Ernest K. PunL .......... Foreman of Carriers Arthur Grantham ................................... .

............ Chief Clerk, Railway Mail Service

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

LIGHTHOUSE SERVICE

Fredk. A. Edgecoml.> ............... Superintendent Neil \V. \Vetherby................ . .......... Acting

Asst. Superintendent John l\I. Allen ..... Chief Clerk \V. A. Inman................. . ............ Clerk Mrs. Rose V. \Vilkins. . ...... Clerk Theo. C. Ching .......................................... Clerk Chas. H. Y. Liu .... Keeper, Lighthouse Depot

Lighthouse Tender Kukui \V. J, H. Siekemeyer ............................ Captain Victor B. Gothe .......................... First Officer J. F .. Miller .............................. Second Officer l\1. B. Jacobsen ........................ Chief Engineer Ralph Carson .................... lst Asst. Engineer George R. Green ..... 2nd Asst. Engineer \Vm. C. Doolcy ...................... Radio Operator

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZA­

TION SERVICE,

HONOLULU DISTRICT

\Villiam G. Strench .............. District Director Geo. L. Coleman ........ Asst. District Director Ernest J. ~over .............. Snr. Naturalization

Exam mer John G. Clemson .......................... Inspector in

charge of Boarding Division Harry \V. Cunningham ................ Inspector in

charge, Chinese Division Fred E. Arnold .. Inspector, Chinese Division Frank P. Rivas, Charles B. Borella. An­

drew J. O'Connor, Robert \V. Pierce, James L. Sloan, George R. Garber, Jr ....

__ .. ···-·-----------------······-----·····--Inspectors Lloyd A. Fortune .................. Accounts Clerk Chomei Tajami ............. .]apanese Interpreter Suma Tanaka .............. Japanese Interpreter Raku Morimoto ............. .]apanese Interpreter Tom Hoon ........................ Chinese Interprete-r: Gon Sam l\.I ue .................. Chinese Interpreter \Villiam Thomas .................. Inspector at Ililo Gladys Hayashikawa ... .]apanese Interpreter

at Hilo

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE U. S. WEATHER BUREAU

J. F. Voorhees ............................ l\feteorologist E. F. Loveridge ................ Asst. Meteorologist \V. T. Nakamura ................................ Observer

HAW All AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION,

HONOLULU

(Under the joint supervision of the Office of Experiment Stations, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the University of Hawaii)

James 1'. Jardine ................ Chief, Office of Experiment Stations

D. L. Crawford .......... President, University of Hawaii

Station Staff

0. C. l\Iagistad ................................... Director J. ~I. VVestgate ............ Principal Agro'nomist G. K. Parris .......... Assoc. Plant Pathologist Erntst Akaminc ................ Asst. in Agronomy Edward Fukunaga ............ Asst. in Chemistry Ernest \Vatanabe .............. Asst. in Chemistry Charles \Vong .............. Asst. in Horticulture Frank Botelho .... Asst. in Poultry Husbandry

~~tp~ \~i{~i~·····--·······••:::::::::::::::::::: .• ~~~n~:,r;; L. A. Henke .................... Animal Husbandman .f. C. Ripperton .................................... Chemist Earl l\1. Bilger .... Collaborator in Chemistry l\Irs. Leonora N euffer llilger.. .. Collaborator

in Chemical Research \V. T. Pope .................. Senior Horticulturist Carey D. l\Iiller ........ Specialist in NutritiOn C. ::\T. Bice .................... Poultry Husbandman H. A. \Vadsworth .......... Irrigation Engineer

and Soil Physicist C. J. Hamre .................................. Histologist ~f. K. Riley .............................. Collaborator in

Animal Parisitology D. \V. Edwards ...................... Junior Chemist Ruth C. Robbins ............ Assistant, Nutrition

Investigations John Castro .......................... Piant Propagator l\L Takahashi.. .......... Assistant in Agronomy G. \V. H. Goo ............................ Assistant in

Animal Husbandry \V. B. Storey .............. Fellow in Horticulture

Haleakala Substation

H. F. \Villey .......................... Superintendent, Makawao, l\Iaui

Kana Substation

R. K. Pahau .......................... Superintendent, Kealakekua, Hawaii

134 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

L. D. Fricks, Medical Director, U. S. P. H. S., chief Quarantine officer, in charge of relief station

A. L. Dopmeyer, Sanitary Engineer, U. S. P. H. S., in charge of plague control

L. F. Badger, Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., in charge of leprosy investigations station

C. H. Binford, Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., leprosy investigations station

N. B. lion, Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., quarantine and relief stations

R. K. Maddock, Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., leprosy investigations station

\V. H. Meyer, Passed Assistant Surgeon (R), U. S. P. H. S., U. S. Coast Guard Cutter "Itasca"

L. A. Scheele, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., quarantine and relief stations

R. D. Millard, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., quarantine station

Leo. L. Sexton, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., Hila, Hawaii, T. H.

\Villiam Osmers, Acting Assistant Sur­geon, U. S. P. H. S., Kahului, 1\Iaui, T. H.

\Vm. T. Dunn, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., T.ahaina, l\1aui, T. H.

J, ~f. Kuhns, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., Ahukini, Kauai, T. H.

1\.L A. Brennecke, Acting Assistant Sur­geon, U. S. P. H. S., Port Allen, Kau ai, T. H.

R. T. Treadwell, Acting Assistant Sur· geon, U. S. P. H. S., 1\fahukona, Ha· waii, T. H.

Theo. H. Davies & Co. LIMITED

HONOLULU AND HILO

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

GENERAL MERCHANDISE

SUGAR FACTORS

Steamship Agents and Ship Brokers Insurance Agents

Cable Adress: "DRACO"

AGENTS FOR Lloyds' London Salvage Association Canadian-Australasian Line, Ltd. Canadian Pacific Railway Co. Canadian Pacific Steamships, Limited Union S. S. Co. of New Zealand, Ltd. Cunard-White Star, Limited The East Asiatic Co., Inc., Copenhagen Andrew Weir & Co., Ltd. Java-China-Japan Line Royal Packet Navigation Co. (K. P. M.) British & Foreign Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. Union 1Iarine & General Insurance Co., Ltd. Northern Assurance Co., Ltd. American Central Insurance Co. American Insurance Co., of Newark, N. J. Law Union & Rock Insurance Co., Ltd. Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corp., Ltd. Columbia Casualty Co.-Bonding

Laupahoehoe Sugar Co., Ltd. Kaiwiki Sugar Co., Ltd. Waiakea Mill Co. Kukaiau Ranch Co., Ltd. Niulii M.ill & Plantation, Ltd. Waianae Lime Co., Ltd. Union Mill & Plantation, Ltd. Cebu Sugar Co. Inc. Bogo Medellin Milling Co. Hamakua Mill Co.

THEO. H. DAVIES & CO., LTD. SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE: 215 MARKET STREET

NEW YORK OFFICE: 165 BROADWAY MANILA OFFICE: 619 ESCOLTA

135

134 HAWAIIAN ANNUAL

UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE

L. D. Fricks, Medical Director, U. S. P. H. S., chief Quarantine officer, in charge of relief station

A. L. Dopmeyer, Sanitary Engineer, U. S. P. H. S., in charge of plague control

L. F. Badger, Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., in charge of leprosy investigations station

C. H. Binford, Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., leprosy investigations station

N. B. lion, Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., quarantine and relief stations

R. K. J\laddock, Passed Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., leprosy investigations station

\V. H. Meyer, Passed Assistant Surgeon (R), U. S. 1'. H. S., U. S. Coast Guard Cutter "Itasca"

L. A. Scheele, Assistant Surgecn, U. S. P. H. S., quarantine and relief stations

R. D. }.Iillard, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., quarantine station

Leo. L. Sexton, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., Hilo, Hawaii, T. H.

\Villiam Osmers, Acting Assistant Sur~ Reon, U. S. P. H. S., Kahului, 1\laui, T. H.

\Vm. T. Dunn, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., Lahaina, 1\laui, T. H.

J, ~L Kuhns, Acting Assistant Surgeon, U. S. P. H. S., Ahukini, Kauai, T. H.

1\:1. A. Brennecke, Acting Assistant Sur­geon, U. S. P. H. S., Port Allen, Kau ai, T. H.

R. T. Treadwell, Acting Assistant Sur­geon, U. S. P. H. S., 1\Iahukona, Ha­waii, T. H.

Theo. H. Davies & Co. LIMITED

HONOLULU AND HILO

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN

GENERAL MERCHANDISE

SUGAR FACTORS

Steamship Agents and Ship Brokers Insurance Agents

Cable Adress: "DRACO"

AGENTS FOR Lloyds' London Salvage Association Canadian-Australasian Line, Ltd. Canadian Pacific Railway Co. Canadian Pacific Steamships, Limited Union S. S. Co. of New Zealand, Ltd. Cunard-White Star, Limited The East Asiatic Co., Inc., Copenhagen Andrew Weir & Co., Ltd. Java-China-Japan Line Royal Packet Navigation Co. (K. P. 11.) British & Foreign Marine Insurance Co., Ltd. Union Marine & General Insurance Co., Ltd. Northern Assurance Co., Ltd. American Central Insurance Co. American Insurance Co., of Newark, N. ]. Law Union & Rock Insurance Co., Ltd. Ocean Accident & Guarantee Corp., Ltd. Columbia Casualty Co.-Bonding

Laupahoehoe Sugar Co., Ltd. Kaiwiki Sugar Co., Ltd. Waiakea Mill Co. Kukaiau Ranch Co., Ltd. Niulii Mill & Plantation, Ltd. Waianae Lime Co., Ltd. Union Mill & Plantation, Ltd. Cebu Sugar Co. Inc. Bogo Medellin Milling Co. Hamakua Mill Co.

THEO. H. DAVIES & CO., LTD. SAN FRANCISCO OFFICE: 215 MARKET STREET

NEW YORK OFFICE: 165 BROADWAY MANILA OFFICE: 619 ESCOLTA

135

Cane, pineapple, coffee, r 1 c e,

taro, vegetable, banana, corn,

watermelon are some of our

standard brands, but we also

make special fertilizers for

special conditions.

The Pacific Guano & Fertilizer

Company

136

" IUJ

" "'

II II

" "· . '" "' "' "' "" '" "' '" lllo

'

When Building, Remodeling or Repairing

call on us for quality materials

Lumber, Cement, Stucco, Brick, Tile, Glass, Builder's H a r d w a r e, Tools, Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Wall Paper, Floor Coverings, Draperies, Plumbing Fixtures, Stoves, Refrigerators, Wash­ing Machines, Electrical Appliances, Seeds and Garden Supplies.

LEWERS & COOKE, Limited Building Material Specialists Since 1852

Hawaii's Foremost

Choice of Beers! If Your Grocer Can't Supply You

Phone Us-6099

HAWAII BREWING CORP., LTD. Cooke Street and Kapiolani Blvd.

WHEN BETTER BAKING IS DONE-

-WILL DO IT

137

HONOLULU IRON WORKS CO. HONOLULU, T. H.

Established 1852

MANUFACTURERS OF

Sugar Mills, Sugar Machinery, Steam Boilers, Steel Tanks, Riveted Steel Pipe, Etc.

SOLE AGENTS FOR

Allis Chalmers 11fg. Co.

American Laundry Machinery Company

American Tool & ilfachine Co.

Atlas Imperial Diesel Engine Company

Brown Instrument Co.

Busch-Sulzer Co.

California Corrugated Culvert Company

Crane Co.

E.I. Du Pont de Nemours Co.

"Fenestra" \Vindows

J. A. Fay & Egan Co.

B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co.

Graton & Knight 1\ffg. Co.

Harnischfeger Corpn.

Ingersoll Rand Co.

J olms Manvill!! Co. Kermath Mfg. Co.

Lidgerwood Mfg. Co.

Link Belt Co.

Lunkenheimer Co.

National Tube Co.

;\; eptune l.feter Co.

Page Steel & Wire Co.

Sharples Specialty Co.

Standard Gas Engine Co.

Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co.

Yale & Towne Mfg. Co.

York Mfg. Co.

Office and Store .................................................... Queen Street

Foundry and Machine Shops ............................ Allen Street

HONOLULU IRON WORKS CO. Branch Offices:

BENENSON BLDG., NEW YORK HILO, HA WAil

CUBA MANILA, P. I.

138

NEW BOOKS YOU ~VILL FIND THE LATEST

FICTION AND NON-FICTION

IN OUR BOOK SHOP

• HONOLULU PAPER CO., LTD.

1045 BISHOP STREET HONOLULU, T. H.

Cable Address: "Hoflag" P. 0. Box 3406 Codes Used: ABC 5th Ed., Lieber's, \Vestern Union

HOFFSCHLAEGER COMPANY, LTD. IMPORT, EXPORT AND COMMISSION

ROBERT F. LANGE, General Manager

King, Bethel and Nuuanu Streets ........................................ Honolulu Keawe Street, Comer HailL ........................................................... Hilo

GILBERT J. WALLER TELEPHONE 1065 Manager P. 0. BOX 3259

Hll\\'/\11 111/\T £0.~ lTD. vVholesale Butchers

CONTRACTORS TO U. S. ARMY AND NAVY Dealers in

HIDES AND SKINS HEADQUARTERS AND OFFICE:

Merchant Street, at Kaahumanu Abattok at Kalihi

Hawaiian Annuals (Thrum's) From the 1st issue in 187 5 to 1936 ( 62 issues)

can be purchased at the following prices: 1875 and 1876 __________________ $10.00 each 1877 to 1883 ____________________ 25.00 "

1884 to 1895____________________ 5.00 "

1896 to 1900____________________ 3.50 "

1901 to 1910____________________ 3.00 "

1911 to 1920____________________ 2.50 "

1921 to 1925____________________ 2.00 "

1926 to 1933____________________ 1.25 "

1934 to 1936____________________ 1.00 "

\Ve will also have for sale the complete set of 62 issues in ten volumes for $300.00 f

Send }'Our orders to

THE PRINTSHOP COMPANY, LTD. COMPILER AND PUBLISHER

Phone 5643 821 Alakea Street Honolulu, Hawaii

F. A. Schaefer & Co., Ltd. Sugar Factors, Importers

Commission & Insurance Agents

401 CASTLE & COOKE BUILDING HONOLULU

140

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·. -HONOLULU1 HAWAII, ..

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.·COMMERCIAL SAVINGS· ,. '

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·' Th~btighou~ the Te~rlt~ry ~- •• ~ ~------·~- ' ' • ' ... f ,, '· • ;

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BRANCHES

-'_ 'LOCATED AT

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WAIPAHlJ· WAIXLUA PEARL HARBOR ; .·HILO

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_KOHALA' KEALAKEIZUA /PAHALA'-~. I

'WAILUKU KEALIA

PAIA.' · >< ,,

·:·

· ·. COLLECTION OFFICES ,

':_t .. AIEA ;., ~WA· ··wAHIAWA . . j HAIKU:

HANA KAUNAKAKAI'' MAU~ALOA ,, ''.

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I ·JM;oR.TERS-EXPORTERS !1 · -~=: INSURANCE.-SHIPPING ; •. ,';_<

._. . ..FEED MILLERS · -

I · . "- . <II = J - '· Agencies · ,,. 5 · I -Interriationat'Merca~til~ Marine Am~lgamated Dairies, Ltd., N:z. -_,f I•

, ' g . , Cempany . · W.· & R. Fletcher:-(N.Z.), Ltd.- g . •· ~ -. Baltimore Mail Line . F.· J. Walker, Ltd., Australia · , §

= ·Panama Pacific• Line • Beech-Nut Packing Co.. · · = -· .. -I -·. ~~!~~a~tai1:rr~~~~ Lines _ -~~nGC;r:;~~~~~c~0••• • --· .. - , ~~

: !§ · General Steamship Corpora- · Pet MiJk Sales· Corporation' § ~ ,· -tion, Ltd. . · . • _.;.Kraft-Phenix Cheese Corp. · J ~ - Johnson Line, __ Stockholm, ·. · Hills Bros. Coffee; Inc. · J-

· ~ - · Sweden • · .- _- · . ' · Owens-Illinois Pacific Coast Co. ~ B ·silver-Java Pacific Line.· . Globe Grain. & Milling Co. · J c

< 5 -. Canadian National Steamships -Terminal Flour Mills Co. ·· '·· 5 , -··-ill Canadian National Railways Johnson-Pickett Rope Co •. "'·- '· · ~: - '•

· '' § ': ".EtC:, Etc .. , - · · Lib bey-Owens-Ford Glass Co •. ' • § , · -• ·"' = · · · -·.t American Wire Fabrics Corp. = · § · Gulf States Steel Co. -- · . . §

, =c-~ ·- · , .. - Wickwire Spencer Steel CO: .· ~3- , , .. ,. . . Burn & Company, Calcutta ·

C~ _ , . _ - . . . __ ·· Etc., Etc; . · =-~-c The . Roy~!- Exchange Assurance of London . . .. . ·. ':.•

5 ... , ; -The· Franklin_ Fire Insurance .Co~;. Marine Dept~,. :-.' a·' ~ St. Paul-Mercury •Indemnity ~o. ,: iS § St .. Paul Fire & Marine ,Insurance Co. ' ~ ~ '. ,- ;, , ,)·!.· ... · {~ ii ";_~i,\

'~ ·SUGAl( ! 'iii ., , Wailea Milling Co., Ltd.. • c '

·_==; . ... . .. ·-"Jr=-~ < . --.: \· 5 . , - ·Correspondence Solicited< · '' 5 . -~--

i Main Office .. ...;_._..:;..:.:, •. ~: ... ..:;._.:.:...:;_~~ ... : .... ~ ... :Hon()li.thi, ~Hawaii I~. , i HHo' Office'.~.~; ..... ::::... . .:.:-.. ... .;..~;:..: .... : .. ;~ .. ~~: .. .:;.: ... ~.:. .... .;. ... ~~ .• :::Hi!o, Hawaii i ! . ~ ·. S~n 'Franci~~~ Offi~~~_;.:... .. SOJ Market St., -~a_n F~~ncis~o:· Calif: il ~ •. I II .II • 11_....1 __________ ... I •+=

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