presenter: mark barnett area manager ksat, national water commission, jamaica

TOPIC:

The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew_______________________________________

Presenter: Mark Barnett

AREA MANAGER KSAT, NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION,

JAMAICA

Objectives:

• Identify and highlight the severity of the drought on KSA• Assess the multi-dimensional impacts on KSA and the NWC• Identifies mitigation measures implemented by NWC. • Identifies planning gaps. • Recommend improvement strategies to mitigate reoccurrence

The Impact of the Recent Drought on the National Water Commission (NWC) Water Supply Services to Kingston and St. Andrew

________________________________________

Methodology:

• Literature Review• Reviewing of Government Agencies Unpublished Reports• First Hand Experience

• Meteorological drought A deficiency in precipitation extended over a long period

• Hydrological drought departure of surface and subsurface water supplies from some average condition at various points in time

Definition of Droughts:


________________________________________


_______________________________________

Study Focused Area


_______________________________________ Percentage of Normal for 2

Consecutive Months Drought Condition or Status

20% or less Extreme Drought 21% to 40% Severe Drought 41% to 60% Normal Drought Above 60% No Drought

Extreme Drought Severe Drought Normal Drought No Drought

August Clarendon

September Clarendon St. Mary & St. Thomas

October

Portland, St. Mary St. Thomas

November

St. Thomas, Clarendon, St. Mary, KSA and Portland

December St. Thomas

January KSA (New Castle)

February KSA

March ClarendonSt. Mary, St. Thomas & Portland


_______________________________________

Monthly Rainfall Measured in St. Mary

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10

Rai

nfa

ll (m

m)

Rain Fall

30yr Average 1950-1980

30 yr Average 1971- 2000

Rainfall Measured in Portland

0

100

200

300

400

500

600


Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Rain Fall


30 yr Average 1971- 2000

Rainfall Measured in KSA

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Rain Fall


30 yr Average 1971- 2000

Rainfall Measured in St. Thomas

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400


Rai

nfal

l (m

m)

Rain Fall


30 yr Average 1971- 2000

Rainfall incidence for parishes contributing to KSA Streamflows


_______________________________________Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies

Wag Water River Blakes Bridge

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

01

-Ja

n-0

8

01

-Fe

b-0

8

03

-Ma

r-0

8

03

-Ap

r-0

8

04

-Ma

y-0

8

04

-Ju

n-0

8

05

-Ju

l-0

8

05

-Au

g-0

8

05

-Se

p-0

8

06

-Oct-

08

06

-No

v-0

8

07

-De

c-0

8

07

-Ja

n-0

9

07

-Fe

b-0

9

10

-Ma

r-0

9

10

-Ap

r-0

9

11

-Ma

y-0

9

11

-Ju

n-0

9

12

-Ju

l-0

9

12

-Au

g-0

9

12

-Se

p-0

9

13

-Oct-

09

13

-No

v-0

9

14

-De

c-0

9

Date

Q [

cu

me

cs

]

Daily Discharge

Average Daily Discharge (1976-2009)

Rainy Season 2009

Rainy Season 2008

Water Resources Authority, 2010

Hope River Gordon Town Daily Discharge

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Jan-08

Jan-08

Mar-08

Mar-08

Apr-08

May-08

Jun-08

Jul-08

Aug-08

Sep-08

Oct-08

Nov-08

Dec-08

Jan-09

Feb-09

Mar-09

Apr-09

May-09

Jun-09

Jul-09

Aug-09

Sep-09

Oct-09

Nov-09

Dec-09

Date

Q [

cu

mecs]

Daily Discharge

Average Daily Discharge (1955-2009)

Rainy Season 2009

Rainy Season 2008


_______________________________________Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies


Streamflows for Rivers Contributing to KSA Water Supplies

Yallahs River/Negro River above NWC Intake (Spot Measurement)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

27

/02

/20

07

27

/03

/20

07

27

/04

/20

07

27

/05

/20

07

27

/06

/20

07

27

/07

/20

07

27

/08

/20

07

27

/09

/20

07

27

/10

/20

07

27

/11

/20

07

27

/12

/20

07

27

/01

/20

08

27

/02

/20

08

27

/03

/20

08

27

/04

/20

08

27

/05

/20

08

27

/06

/20

08

27

/07

/20

08

27

/08

/20

08

27

/09

/20

08

27

/10

/20

08

27

/11

/20

08

27

/12

/20

08

27

/01

/20

09

27

/02

/20

09

27

/03

/20

09

27

/04

/20

09

27

/05

/20

09

27

/06

/20

09

27

/07

/20

09

27

/08

/20

09

27

/09

/20

09

27

/10

/20

09

Date

Q [

cu

me

cs

]

Daily Discharge Yallahs River

Daily Discharge Negro River

Rainy Season 2007 Rainy Season 2008

Rainy Season 2009


_______________________________________



_______________________________________


_______________________________________

Alluvial Wells12.2 MGD

KINGSTON / SAINT ANDREW

Sea View WTP

2.1 MGD

Constant Spring WTP

15 MGD

Hope WTP

5.5 MGD

Mona WTP

13 MGD

Average production: 54.4 MGD

- during dry season : 49.0 MGD

- during very dry season: = 33.7 MGD

- rest of the year : 59.6 MGD

- Shortfall : 5.3 MGD

Transfers5.1 MGD

Rural Sources1.5 MGD

Alluvial Wells12.2 MGD

KINGSTON / SAINT ANDREW

Sea View WTP

2.1 MGD

Constant Spring WTP

15 MGD

Hope WTP

5.5 MGD

Mona WTP

13 MGD

Average production: 54.4 MGD

- during dry season : 49.0 MGD

- during very dry season: = 33.7 MGD

- rest of the year : 59.6 MGD

- Shortfall : 5.3 MGD

Transfers5.1 MGD

Rural Sources1.5 MGD


_______________________________________

KSA (Mgd)

05

101520253035404550

May

-09

Jun-

09

Jul-0

9

Aug

-09

Sep

-09

Oct

-09

Nov

-09

Dec

-09

Jan-

10

Feb-

10

Mar

-10

Dai

ly P

rod

uctio

n V

olu

me

KSA (Mgd)

KSA (Mgd) 44.73 44.59 41.63 37.1 42.37 42.31 41.32 35.72 34.92 31.7 28.9 30.8

May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Rate of Change of Storage at Mona and Hermitage

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Months

Mil

lio

n G

allo

ns

MonaMona CapacityHermittageHermitage Capacity

Net Change in Storage Volumes

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

Months

Net

Mo

nth

ly R

ise/

Fal

l MG

Hermitage

Mona

Cumulative Production Over the Period

KSA Revenue Billed vs Revenue Collected

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

J$M

Billed Revenue 442.8 523.1 499.9 531.8 556 506.7 506.1 479.7 461.3 404.1 357.4

Revenue Collected 455.1 379.5 362.1 377.6 387.7 454.6 445 362.8 546 453.5 302.9

J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10

KSA trucking Cost Increase with Drought

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Apr-09 May-09 J un-09 J ul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 J an-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-10

Mill

ions

J$

Monthly KSA Energy Usage and Cost Nov 2009 - April 2010

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Apr-10 Mar-10 Feb-10 Jan-10 Dec-09 Nov-09

Mil

lio

ns

(K

WH

)

-

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

Mil

lio

ns

J$

KWHCost


_______________________________________Commercial Impact

Social Considerations.


_______________________________________

Mental and physical stress (anxiety, depression)

Affect Learning / Disrupt Schools

Reductions in nutrition

Risk to public safety (fires etc)

Increased poverty in general, economic displacement

Temporary population migrations

Loss of aesthetic value within communities

Reduction or modification of recreational activities

Potential for conflicts


_______________________________________

ORAL REHYDRATION / DIARRHOEAL DISEASE REPORTED

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Other Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6

Rep

ort

ed C

ases

(00

0)

J an - Dec 2008 Cases

J an - Dec 2009 Cases

J an - Mar 2009 Cases

J an - Mar 2010 Cases

Public Health Impact Assessment


_______________________________________Institutional

Ministry of Water & Housing

Office of the Prime Minister

Ministry of Mining & Energy

Ministry of

Agriculture

Ministry of

Health

Government of Jamaica

NWCWRAOURNEPA EHU NIC

Operators

Health and Environmental Monitoring and Water Resources Monitoring and Approval

Parish Auth.

OPM Ministry of Local Gov.

Ministry Finance

and P ublic Service

Office of the Prime Minister

Ministry of Mining & Energy

Ministry of

Agriculture

Ministry of

Health

Government of Jamaica

NWCOURNEPA EHU NIC

Water Distributors Health and Environmental Monitoring and Water Resources Monitoring and Approving

Auth.

Ministry of Water & Housing

WRA STATINWRA

PIOJ Met Off.

Data Collection, Research and Analysis

ODPEM

OPM Ministry of Local Gov.

Parish Auth.

Key Stakeholders

Key Taskforce Stakeholders

• Reduction in Water Distributing Hours

• Alternate Distribution (Valve Regulations)

• Increased Trucking

• Increased Public Education Conservation Campaign

• Prohibition Notice for certain purposes

• Increase volumes (8mgd) from St. Catherine to KSA

• Re-activation of Wells out of Operation

Mitigating Actions – Short Term


_______________________________________

• Kingston Water & Sanitation Project – IADB

• Kingston Metropolitan Area Water Supply Rehabilitation Project

• Jamaica Water Supply Improvement Project - US$210m

• Forestry Planting in Collaboration with the Forestry Department.

Mitigating Actions - Long Term


_______________________________________

Recommendations


_______________________________________

Long term water security for all users

Continuously assessing and identification of vulnerabilities

Mitigating strategies to reduce risk or eliminate such risk.

Objectives

• Droughts planning must be institutionalized nationally

• Effects of climate change on drought phenomena

• Recognition of wastewater effluent as a resource

• Structured approach to City & Town planning

• Make rain harvesting compulsory (provide incentives)

• Embarked on an active demand management programme

• Maximize the use of ground water resources

• Optimization of the storage facilities (Mona & Hermitage)


_______________________________________Recommendations –for Considerations

Conclusions


_______________________________________

• KSA experienced Meteorological and Hydrological drought.

• No long-term drought mitigation plan exist

• Institutional responsiveness were reactive rather than

proactive.

• Increased public health vulnerability especially in children.

• There were negative socio-cultural impacts

• Public Safety (Person & Property) compromised

• There was economic cost to KSA and Jamaica on a whole.

Conclusions


_______________________________________

• Billed revenue for KSA fell by an average J$50m/month

• Public education campaign did not resonate with population

• Prohibition Notices were ineffective without enforcement

Thank You for

Your Attention

QUESTIONS?


_______________________________________

presenter: mark barnett area manager ksat, national water commission, jamaica

Documents

recent drought

ksa water suppliesthe

subsurface water supplies

periodthe impact

ksa streamflowsthe impact

study focused areathe

average condition

mark barnett area manager