presented to: by: date: federal aviation administration practical test standards review and update...

Presented to:

By:

Date:

Federal AviationAdministrationPRACTICAL TEST

STANDARDS

REVIEW AND UPDATE

Designated Pilot Examiners

MARK ALDRIDGE, ASI

2007

Federal AviationAdministration

2PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS2007

PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS

LESSON OBJECTIVE: At the completion of this

presentation the pilot examiner will be knowledgeable of recent changes to the PTS and current PTS policy.




HOW DO I ASSURE THAT MY PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS ARE UP TO DATE?

BY CHECKING THE FAA’S WEBSITE



newmouse



The Preceding Movie Represents?

a. Two pilot examiners trying to use the internet?

b. Two aviation safety inspectors trying to use the new FAA website?

c. Two Pilot Examiner Standardization Team (PEST) members trying to use Power point?

d. All the above



http://faa.occc.edu/



First and Last Name

E-mail Address

AIRWORTHINESS – DAR, DAS, ODAR, DMR, DOA, SRAR36

DME – DME, DPRE

OPS – DPE, TCE, CFI, PILOT

SUBMIT

SUBSCRIBE OR UNSCRIBE



Practical Test Standards

Washington, D.C. 20591

for

FLIGHT STANDARDS SERVICE

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONFEDERAL AVIATION MINISTRATION

AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOTAND AIRCRAFT TYPE RATING

AIRPLANE

August 2006

FAA-S-8081-5E



New Page Added to the PTS

Record of Major ChangesIntroduction

• The Reference section has been updated to current FAA publications

• An Abbreviation section has been added

• Special Emphasis areas have been updated

• Practical Test References updated

• Added Letter of Discontinuance information

• Added ADM and Risk Management Information

• Renewal or Reinstatement of Flight Instructor Matrix revised

• Area of Operation II, added TASK L and one other TASK. Added

Area of Operation IV, one TASK.

• Reference to the metric system has been eliminated



Private Pilot Airplane Single Engine Land (P-ASEL)

Assessment of Instruction and Practical Test Experiences

Comparison of results for

Newly Certified General Aviation P-ASEL Private Pilots:

2005 versus 2006




Question: Which practical tests require a written plan of action?

Answer: All



Practical Test Assessment 2005-2006

Question: To what extent did the examiner use a prepared written plan in the conduct of the ground and flight portions of the practical test? Great, considerable, moderate, limited, or not at all?




Answer: 90% used a POA to a great to moderate extent in 2006

Notat all(1)

Moderatedextent(3)

Greatextent(5)

Considerableextent(4)

Limitedextent(2)

6.3 4.3 5.5 6.0 14.9 13.5

34.0 32.7 39.3 43.5




Question: Which portion of the practical test must be completed first, the ground or the flight?

Answer: The ground portion must be completed before the flight.



Practical Test Standard Description

Ground Portion

BEFORE

Flight Portion



A Preflight Briefing Consists Of?

Profile of testWho is PIC?Positive exchange of controls (who is flying?)Procedures for an actual in-flight emergencyExaminer methods to simulate an emergencyCollision avoidanceOral questing will continue throughoutContinue/discontinue if unsatisfactoryOr, no preflight briefing given




Profile of the test (not asked)

Who is PIC during the test (not asked)

Positive exchange of controls 73%

Procedures for an actual in-flight emergency 57%

Examiner methods to simulate an emergency 56%

Collision avoidance (not asked)

Oral questing continues throughout (not asked)

Continue/discontinue if unsatisfactory (not asked)

Or, no preflight briefing given 12%



General Aviation Accidents 2005

Major Cause All Fatal

Pilot 1076 242

Mechanical/Maintenance 232 22

Other/Unknown 128 28

TOTAL 1436 292

2006 NALL REPORT



Accident Trends and Factors 2005

Preflight – Total 4%, Takeoff/Climb – Total 15%, Fuel Mgt – Total 11%, Weather – Total 5%, Descent/Approach – Total 5%, Go-around – Total 4%, Maneuvering – Total 11%, Landing – Total 41%,

2006 NALL REPORT



Accident Category Explanation

Takeoff/climb and landing - 57% of all accidents but only 17% of fatalities, which the authors attributed to slow airspeeds

Weather – continued VFR flight into IMC 13% fatalities

Descent/approach – high speed collisions with the ground (spatial D?), stall/spin 10% fatalities

Maneuvering – questionable pilot judgment, low passes, buzzing, high-risk 33% fatalities



Accident Trends and Factors 2005

Preflight – Total 4%, Fatal 0.4%Takeoff/Climb – Total 15%, Fatal 14%Fuel Mgt – Total 11%, Fatal 8%Weather – Total 5%, Fatal 14%Descent/Approach – Total 5%, Fatal 10%Go-around – Total 4%, Fatal 6%Maneuvering – Total 33%, Fatal 44%Landing – Total 41%, Fatal 3%

2006 NALL REPORT



WAS THE EVENT EVALUATED? NO!

Preflight inspection - 11%Radio & ATC light signals - 11%Forward slip to a landing - 25%Go-around/rejected landing - 25%Spin awareness - 15%Lost procedures - 24%Systems and equipment malfunctions - 15%Emergency equipment / survival gear - 51%Night preparation - 48%



REPEATING MANEUVERS



WHEN MAY MANEUVERS BE REPEATED?

• DISCONTINUANCE OF THE MANEUVER

• VALID SAFETY REASON

• COLLISION AVOIDANCE

• MISUNDERSTOOD REQUESTS

• OTHER FACTORS

• NOT ADEQUATELY OBSERVED

8710.3E,

PG 5-8



WERE YOU ASKED TO REPEAT THE EVENT?YES!

Normal crosswind approach / landing 4%

Short field approach / landing 7%

Forward slip to a landing 4%

Steep turns 10%

S-turns 4%

Turns around a point 5%

Power-off stalls 5%

Power-on stalls 6%

Recovery from unusual flight attitudes 4%



“USE OF THE PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS BOOK”

WHY?

ONE OR MORE

“REAL WORLD”

SCENARIOS

WHY?



WHY DO WE USE SCENARIOS?

• One of the evaluators better tools for comprehensive testing.

• Best tool to evaluate correlative abilities.

• Good in evaluating pilot judgment, knowledge and skill.



EXAMINER RESPONSIBILITYTesting at the Highest Level!

CorrelationCorrelation

RoteUnderstanding

Application




A POINT OF CONFUSION

WHEN MUST A TASK BE EVALUATED IN ITS ENTIRETY?



TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of

the elements related to the National Airspace System by

explaining.

1. Basic VFR Weather Minimum - for all classes of airspace.

2. Airspace classes - their operating rules, pilot certification and

airplane equipment requirements for the following:

A, B, C, D, E, G3. Special use airspace and other airspace areas.

NOTE: 67% of all ATC violations are related to this TASK.



TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS

Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the airplane provided for the flight test by explaining at least three(3) of the following systems.

1. Primary flight controls and trim2. Flaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers3. Power plant.4. Propeller5. Landing gear6. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic systems.7. Electrical system.8. Pitot-static system, vacuum/pressure system and associated flight

instruments.9. Environmental and anti-icing systems.10. Deicing and anti-icing systems.11. Avionics system.




IN WHAT SEQUENCE MUST THE TASKS BE ORGANIZED FOR THE

PRACTICAL TEST?




ANY SEQUENCE

“EFFICIENT” AND “VALID”



USE OF THE PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS BOOK

SIMULATED EMERGENCIES

USE THE SAFEST MEANS OF SIMULATION

GOOD

JUDGEMENT



SPECIAL EMPHASIS AREAS

•

AREAS OF OPERATION CONSIDERED CRITICAL TO FLIGHT SAFETY




Stall/Spin Awareness 94%

Positive Aircraft Control 92%

Checklist Usage 91%

Aeronautical Decision Making 86%

In-flight Collision Avoidance 81%

Please indicate the special emphasis areas that were evaluated by your examiner.




Runway Incursion Avoidance 71%Wake Turbulence Avoidance 53%Land and Hold Short Operations 42%Low Level Wind Shear 31%Controlled Flight Into Terrain 31%

Please indicate the special emphasis areas that were evaluated by your examiner.



Special Emphasis Areas

1. Positive aircraft control.

2. Procedures for positive exchange of flight controls.

3. Stall and spin awareness (If appropriate)

4. Collision avoidance.



Special Emphasis Areas

1. Positive aircraft control.

2. Procedures for positive exchange of flight controls.

3. Stall and spin awareness (If appropriate)

4. Collision avoidance.

5. Wake turbulence and low level wind shear avoidance

6. Runway incursion avoidance

7. Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT)



8. Aeronautical decision making/risk management.

9. Checklist usage.

10. Spatial disorientation.

11. Temporary flight restrictions (TFR).

12. Special use airspace (SUA) .

13. Aviation Security; and

14. Other areas deemed appropriate to any phase of the practical test or proficiency check.



“REQUIRED AIRCRAFT AND EQUIPMENT”

CAN AN APPLICANT BRING MORE THAN ONE AIRPLANE TO THE TEST?

WHICH PRACTICAL TESTS REQUIRE A COMPLEX AIRPLANE?




A TURBINE POWERED AIRPLANE IS CONSIDERED COMPLEX FOR WHICH

CERTIFICATE?




IS THE DA-42 CONSIDERED COMPLEX?




HOW MANY AND WHAT KIND OF INSTRUMENT APPROACHES ARE

REQUIRED FOR AN INSTRUMENT RATING?THREE APPROACHES, ONE PRECISION AND

TWO NON-PRECISION.IS AN RNAV APV/LPV APPROACH A

PRECISION ON NON-PRECISION APPROACH?

NON-PRECISION.




WHAT KIND OF MULTIENGINE AIRPLANE IS REQUIRED TO RECEIVE AN

UNRESTRICTED INSTRUMENT RATING?

A MULTIENGINE AIRPLANE WITH A PUBLISHED VMC.




HOW DO YOU TEST THE LOSS OF PRIMARY FLIGHT INSTRUMENT INDICATORS IN THIS AIRCRAFT?




WHEN MUST AN APPLICANT DEMONSTRATE A GPS APPROACH?

MUST THE DATA BASE BE CURRENT?



USE of FAA-Approved Flight Simulator or Flight Training Device

WHEN CAN YOU USE A SIMULATOR

FOR A PRACTICAL TEST?

FLIGHT TRAINING DEVICE?




WHEN CAN THE EXAMINER PROVIDE ASSISTANCE TO THE

APPLICANT DURING THE PRACTICAL TEST?



PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS NEW ATP

IF THE EXAMINER OCCUPIES A DUTY POSITION DURING PRACTICAL TEST,

ON AN AIRCRAFT THAT REQUIRES TWO OR MORE CREWMEMBERS, THE

EXAMINER MUST FULFILL THE DUTIES OF THAT POSITION,

INCLUDING CRM, EXCEPT DURING TWO MANEUVERS. WHAT ARE THEY?



PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS NEW ATP

• SEA PLANE TASKS INTEGRATED INTO THE PTS

• REMOVED THE STATEMENT “THE EXAMINER WHO CONDUCTS THE PRACTICAL TEST FOR AN ATP OR AN ADDED RATING MAY WAIVE ANY OF THE TASKS”



PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS NEW FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR

• FI AIRPLANE – RENEWAL OR REINSTATEMENT TABLE, ADDED

MANEUVER LESSON TO THE MATRIX

• ADDED SINGLE-PILOT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (ASEL & AMEL)

• ADDED ACCELERATED MANEUVER STALLS (ASEL & AMEL)



PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDS NEW FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR

• FI AIRPLANE – EMERGENCY DESCENT (ASEL)

• NUMEROUS ELEMENTS ADDED



Flight Instructor Practical Test Standards for Rotorcraft Helicopter & Gyroplane FAA-S-8081-7A

• April 10, 2006 touchdown autorotations are no longer required.

• July 13, 2006 autorotations are required.



CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

AC 120-51



SINGLE-PILOT RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

ATCFSS

MAINTENANCE AUTOMATIONDISPATCHERS




DESCRIBE HOW YOU

EVALUATE THE

APPLICANTS USE OF

THE CHECKLIST?




Preflight Inspection 93%

Engine Starting 97%

Before Takeoff Check 99%

Takeoff & Climb 52%

Cruise 44%

Descent 44%

Please indicate the events for which you used a checklist.




Please indicate the events for which you used a checklist.

Approach and Landing 65%

Go-around 18%

Emergency Approach and Landing 55%

After Landing 81%

Engine Shutdown 85%



DH4planecrash



PRACTICAL TEST STANDARDSCOMMENTS & RECOMMENDATIONS

[email protected]

[email protected]

Snail Mail:

Address on Intro Page



Any Questions?

Noodling is?

a. A kind of pasta.

b. A cat fishing method.

c. A memory technique.

presented to: by: date: federal aviation administration practical test standards review and update...

Documents

practical test standards

practical test references

flight standards service

newmouse slide

unscribe slide

aviation safety inspectors

faas website slide

new faa website