Presented by ElhalabiPresented by Elhalabi

What are cells?What are cells?

What is a cell?What is a cell? Where do we find cells?Where do we find cells? CellCell: a cell is a basic unit of : a cell is a basic unit of

structure and function of life. In structure and function of life. In other words, cells make up living other words, cells make up living things and carry out activities that things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive.keep a living thing alive.

Cells ContinuedCells Continued

What makes a cell?What makes a cell? A cell is a living thing.A cell is a living thing. Cells are able to make more cells like Cells are able to make more cells like

themselves.themselves. Interesting fact!Interesting fact! New cells can New cells can

only come from existing cells (cells only come from existing cells (cells that are already made).that are already made).

Oh yea! Some Oh yea! Some HISTORY for youHISTORY for you

I am sure you are all asking yourselves, I am sure you are all asking yourselves, “Who was the first person to look at cells.” “Who was the first person to look at cells.” Well thanks for asking! I will tell you. Well thanks for asking! I will tell you.

In the 1660s there was a man named In the 1660s there was a man named Robert Hooke. Robert lived in Britain and Robert Hooke. Robert lived in Britain and was a scientist. He was the first person to was a scientist. He was the first person to observe cells. observe cells.

Robert took a piece bark from an old oak Robert took a piece bark from an old oak tree and looked at it through a tree and looked at it through a microscope. microscope.

ContinuedContinued The bark looked like it was made up The bark looked like it was made up

of many small rooms (kind of like a of many small rooms (kind of like a house with many bedrooms). He house with many bedrooms). He named the rooms, or structures, he named the rooms, or structures, he saw under the microscope cells.saw under the microscope cells.

THIS IS HOW THE WORD CELLS THIS IS HOW THE WORD CELLS CAME TO BE!! CAME TO BE!! EXCITING STUFF ISN’T IT!!EXCITING STUFF ISN’T IT!!

The Animal CellThe Animal Cell Now the fun begins!!Now the fun begins!! Animals are made up of many Animals are made up of many

different types of cells. The different types of cells. The structures I am about to introduce to structures I am about to introduce to you are found in a typical cell. you are found in a typical cell.

Please note: Not all animal cells Please note: Not all animal cells contain all the same structures. contain all the same structures.

Thank you for noting!Thank you for noting!

Animal Cell Animal Cell terms/Structuresterms/Structures

Cell membraneCell membrane: The cell : The cell membrane surrounds the cell.membrane surrounds the cell.

Think of the membrane as a Think of the membrane as a gatekeeper, it only allows some gatekeeper, it only allows some materials to pass through, but keeps materials to pass through, but keeps others out.others out.

CytoplasmCytoplasm: This is a gel-like fluid, : This is a gel-like fluid, that takes up most of the space inside that takes up most of the space inside a cell.a cell.

Cytoplasm kind of looks like jell-o.Cytoplasm kind of looks like jell-o.

Terms/Structures Terms/Structures continuedcontinued

NucleusNucleus: The nucleus is a structure : The nucleus is a structure usually located near the center of the cell.usually located near the center of the cell.

The nucleus is a home to the cell’s The nucleus is a home to the cell’s chromosomeschromosomes. What are . What are chromosomes you ask?chromosomes you ask?

ChromosomesChromosomes: They are genetic : They are genetic structures that contain information to structures that contain information to make new cells. Basically, the instructions make new cells. Basically, the instructions for how to make new cells. for how to make new cells.

Terms/Structures Terms/Structures continuedcontinued

Nuclear membraneNuclear membrane: This : This surrounds and protects the nucleus. The surrounds and protects the nucleus. The nucleus has its own protector.nucleus has its own protector.

NucleolusNucleolus: This structure is found : This structure is found inside the nucleus. It is responsible for inside the nucleus. It is responsible for

making making ribosomes. ribosomes. We will get to We will get to this term in a bit. Thanks for your this term in a bit. Thanks for your patience!patience!

Terms/Structures Terms/Structures continuedcontinued

VacuolesVacuoles: These are fluid-filled : These are fluid-filled structures used to store different structures used to store different substances. In animal cells there are substances. In animal cells there are often many small vacuoles.often many small vacuoles.

MitochondriaMitochondria: “Powerhouses” : “Powerhouses” of the cell. What do you think this of the cell. What do you think this means?means?

This is a very important structure. They This is a very important structure. They help take the food the cell ate (for help take the food the cell ate (for breakfast, lunch, or dinner), and turn the breakfast, lunch, or dinner), and turn the it into energy. The energy is needed to it into energy. The energy is needed to carry out activities.carry out activities.

Terms/Structures Terms/Structures continuedcontinued

Let me put this in words you can Let me put this in words you can understand better. When we eat a understand better. When we eat a turkey sandwich, we are putting turkey sandwich, we are putting energy into our bodies, in the form of energy into our bodies, in the form of food. Our bodies take that turkey food. Our bodies take that turkey sandwich and turn it into energy, so sandwich and turn it into energy, so we can play at recess.we can play at recess.

Do you understand?Do you understand? Great! Let’s keep going.Great! Let’s keep going.

Terms/Structures Terms/Structures continuedcontinued

Endoplasmic reticulum and Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomesribosomes: Say it with me “En-do-: Say it with me “En-do-plas-mic ri-tic-eww-lum.” plas-mic ri-tic-eww-lum.”

• Now say it 5 times fast….no just kidding! Now say it 5 times fast….no just kidding! • These 2 structures work together These 2 structures work together

producing important products for the producing important products for the cell. Think of the endoplasmic reticulum cell. Think of the endoplasmic reticulum as a mailman, delivering things as a mailman, delivering things throughout the cell.throughout the cell.

Terms/Structures Terms/Structures continuedcontinued

Aren’t you excited, this is the last term Aren’t you excited, this is the last term for the animal cell!for the animal cell!

Golgi bodiesGolgi bodies: These help : These help package products in the cell and then package products in the cell and then give them out around the cell. Look at give them out around the cell. Look at it like this, you wrap a present and it like this, you wrap a present and then give it to your friend. Well, that then give it to your friend. Well, that is what golgi bodies do.is what golgi bodies do.

The Plant CellThe Plant Cell Here we go again!Here we go again! Plants cells have all of the structures Plants cells have all of the structures

that animal cells do. But they also that animal cells do. But they also have some structures that the animal have some structures that the animal cell does not.cell does not.

Plant cells have a cell wall and Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts.chloroplasts.

The three new structures The three new structures for a plant cellfor a plant cell

Cell WallCell Wall: This wall provides extra support : This wall provides extra support for the cell and gives it a shape. In other words, if for the cell and gives it a shape. In other words, if there was no cell wall then the cell would have no there was no cell wall then the cell would have no shape.shape.

ChloroplastsChloroplasts: These make food for the : These make food for the plant. They are green.plant. They are green.

ChorophyllChorophyll: This is very important in : This is very important in making the food for the plant. This structure making the food for the plant. This structure takes in sunlight and makes sugar for the plant to takes in sunlight and makes sugar for the plant to eat and become green.eat and become green.

THE END!!!THE END!!! Thank you for your cooperation and Thank you for your cooperation and

attention!!attention!! Hope you learned some new, exciting Hope you learned some new, exciting

things.things. Please sit quietly while I get ready for Please sit quietly while I get ready for

more fun!more fun!