PRESENTED BY

BAPU COMPOSITE PU COLLEGE

CONTENT1 MEANING

2 MAP

3 SOCIAL CAUSES

4 POLITICAL CAUSES

5 ECONOMIC CAUSES

6 INFLUENCES

7 COURSE

8 RESULTS

REVOLUTION• Revolution, forcible, pervasive,

and often violent change of a social or political order brought about by a sizeable segment of a country's population. Revolution is the most extreme political option of a dissenting group, a course taken generally when more moderate and legal attempts to achieve recognition or reform have failed. Example

• French revolution 1789• American revolution 1766• Russian revolution 1917

SOCIAL CAUSES.

FIRST ESTATE

SECONDESTATE

THIRDESTATE

DIVISION OF SOCIETY INTO THREE ESTATE

COMMONERSCLERGY NOBILITY

CONDITION OF COMMONERS

ALL THE PREVILAGES WERE ENJOYED BY THE FIRST TWO ESTATES . THE BURDEN OF THE TAXES WERE TO BE BORNE BY THE THIRD ESTATE. THE CONDITION OF THE COMMONER WAS VERY BAD

POLITICAL CAUSES.

• Death of LOUIS XIV.• Successor, LOUIS XVI interested in the worldly

pleasures did not take interest in the affairs of the state.• LOUIS XIV, successor was under the influence of his

wife MARIE ANTOINETTE.

LOUIS XVI

The grandson of Louis XV, married to Marie Antoinette, Louis XVI was considered a well-intentioned but weak king. A heavy tax burden and court extravagances eventually led to a popular revolt and the French Revolution. He was later guillotined by the revolutionary regime

EXTRAVEGENCESOF

ROYAL FAMILY

ECONOMIC CAUSESECONOMIC CAUSES For more than a century before the

accession of Louis XVI in 1774, the French government had undergone periodic economic crises, resulting from the long wars waged during the reign of Louis XIV, royal mismanagement of national affairs under Louis XV, the losses incurred in the French and Indian War (1756-1763), and increased indebtedness arising from loans to the American colonies during the American War of Independence (1775-1783). The advocates of fiscal, social, and governmental reform became increasingly vocal during the reign of Louis XVI

• Unfair and unjust taxation policy.• No tax for the privileged class.• Heavy taxation on the poor peasants.

Rousseu

Diderot

Voltaire

American revolution was the first modern revolution in history. It inspired the French revolution . Its slogan was ‘’ All of them are created equal’’

INFLUENCE OFAMERICAN REVOLUTION

COURSE OF REVOLUTION

1 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

2 STORMING OF BASTILLE

3 DRAFTING OF CONSTITUTION

4 REIGN OF TERROR

Estates-General at the Palace of Versailles

First established in 1302, the Estates-General was a French legislative body comprising members of the three groups, or estates, of French society: nobility, clergy, and commoners. It is shown here as called on May 5, 1789, by King Louis XVI, at the Palace of Versailles, in a desperate attempt to stave off civil unrest. However, the Estates-General voted to make itself a permanent National Assembly. Louis's efforts to repress the new assembly caused widespread rioting and ushered in the French Revolution.

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Fall of the Bastille On 14 July, 1789, the prison of the Bastille was stormed by a mob, for whom it represented the despotic power of the hated Bourbon monarchy.

STORMING OF BASTILLE

They broke open the gates And freed all prisoners.The mob entered the palace and ransacked it

DRAFTING OF CONSTITUTION

During the night session of August 4, 1789, the clergy, nobles, and bourgeoisie renounced their privileges; a few days later the assembly passed a law abolishing feudal and manorial prerogatives,  

The assembly then set to grapple with its primary task, the drafting of a constitution. In the constitutional preamble, known in history as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, . By the terms of the document, the provinces of France were abolished, and the country was divided into departments, each provided with a local elective administrative apparatus. Hereditary titles were outlawed, trial by jury in criminal cases was ordained, and fundamental modification of French law was projected.

Jacobins, name given to the members of a radical French political club that played a controlling part in the French Revolution. It was founded in 1789 as the Society of Friends of the Constitution; the name Jacobins is derived from the meeting place of the club, a former Jacobin (Dominican) monastery in Paris. The revolutionary leaders Mirabeau and Maximilien Robespierre were early members of the club: they plunged the country into the Reign of Terror, whereby all opposition to the state was ruthlessly suppressed by violence. The Jacobins insisted on the death of the king, destroyed the moderate Girondists, and sent thousands of opponents to their deaths on the guillotine.

REIGN OF TERROR

MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE Guillotining of Louis XVI

One direct result of the French Revolution was the abolition of absolute monarchy in France. The Revolution was also responsible for destroying the feudal privileges of the nobles. Serfdom was abolished, Other social and economic reforms initiated during this period included eliminating imprisonment for debt, . The reform and codification of the diverse provincial and local law equality before the law, right of habeas corpus, and provisions for fair trial. Trial procedure provided for a board of judges and a jury for criminal cases: an accused person was deemed innocent until proven guilty, and was guaranteed counsel. An additional area in which the Revolution played an important part was that of religion. The principles of freedom of religion and the press, and civil status for Protestants and Jews. The Revolution paved the way also for separation of Church and state.  The more intangible results of the Revolution were embodied in its watchwords, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”. These ideals became the platform of liberal reforms in France and Europe in the 19th century and remain the present-day keywords of democracy.

RESULTS OF REVOLUTION

FRANCE EMERGED AS AN INDEPENDENT NATION

Evaluate your self1 Which year did the French revolution begin ?2 Which day is celebrated as French national day ?3 Who was the ruler of France at the time of revolution?4 Where is the royal palace of France located?5 Name the great thinkers of French revolution?6 When did the national assembly adopt the declaration of

rights of man and citizen ?7 Who started Reign of terror ?8 What was the slogan of French revolution ?9 Who were considered as privileged classes ?10 Which is the capital of France ?

Arrange in Chronological ordera) Storming of Bastille b) reign of terror c) execution of Louis 16 d ) declaration of right

Dial to know the answer

ANSWERS

1 1789 2 14th July 3 Louis 16th 4 Versailles5 Voltair , Rousseau, Montesquieq 6 27th Aug 17897 Jacobins 8 Liberty , equality & fraternity 9 Clergy & nobility 10 Paris.

Chronology :- a , d , c , b