The StarsThe Stars

and and

Phases of the Moon

Phases of the Moon

Presentation byPresentation by

Shiva Prasad, VIII-BShiva Prasad, VIII-B

ConstellatiConstellationsons

•Constellation : A Constellation : A group of stars that group of stars that seem to form a seem to form a distinctive pattern distinctive pattern in the sky.in the sky.

•There are 88 There are 88 officially recognized officially recognized constellations. constellations.

Who discovered Who discovered Constellations?Constellations?

• It was described by the It was described by the astronomer Ptolemy and astronomer Ptolemy and still remains as one of still remains as one of the 88 modern the 88 modern constellation today.constellation today.

• He was a He was a mathematician, mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astronomer, geographer, astrologer and poet of in astrologer and poet of in the Greek anthology. He the Greek anthology. He actually discovered 48 actually discovered 48 constellations.constellations.

Northern Hemisphere Northern Hemisphere Constellations Constellations

Northern Northern Circumpolar Circumpolar ConstellatioConstellatio

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Northern Northern Spring Spring

ConstellatioConstellationn

Northern Northern Summer Summer

ConstellatioConstellationsns

Northern Northern Autumn Autumn

ConstellatioConstellationsns

Northern Northern Winter Winter

ConstellatioConstellationsns

CassiopeiaCepheusDracoUrsa MajorUrsa Minor

BootesCancerCraterHydraLeoVirgo

AquilaCygnusHerculesLyraOphiuchusSagittariusScorpius

AndromedaAquariusCapricornusPegasusPisces

Canis MajorCetusEridanusGeminiOrionPerseusTaurus

Draco the Dragon Draco the Dragon

• Draco the dragon is a Draco the dragon is a circumpolar constellation, circumpolar constellation, which means it revolves which means it revolves around the North pole. around the North pole.

• Can be seen all year Can be seen all year round. Draco is only round. Draco is only present in the Northern present in the Northern Hemisphere, so those living Hemisphere, so those living in the Southern in the Southern Hemisphere will never see Hemisphere will never see this long constellation.this long constellation.

Ursa Major Ursa Major

Ursa Major is probably the Ursa Major is probably the most famous most famous constellation, with the constellation, with the exception of Orion. Also exception of Orion. Also known as the Great Bear, known as the Great Bear, it has a companion called it has a companion called Ursa Minor, or Little Bear. Ursa Minor, or Little Bear. The body and tail of the The body and tail of the bear make up what is bear make up what is known as the Big Dipper. known as the Big Dipper. Also called names such as Also called names such as the Plough, the Wain and the Plough, the Wain and even the Wagon, this even the Wagon, this constellation has a lot of constellation has a lot of history behind it. history behind it.

HerculesHercules • Hercules, the great Greek Hercules, the great Greek

warrior, can be seen kneeling warrior, can be seen kneeling in the sky for northern in the sky for northern latitudes throughout the Spring latitudes throughout the Spring months.months.

• Becomes visible in the east Becomes visible in the east in April, and works his way in April, and works his way high across the night sky high across the night sky through October. through October.

• From the southern From the southern hemisphere, he appears low in hemisphere, he appears low in the north. the north.

• Four relatively bright stars Four relatively bright stars form what is commonly known form what is commonly known as the Keystone. Hercules' as the Keystone. Hercules' arms and legs extend from this arms and legs extend from this central square.central square.

OrionOrion

• Orion, the Hunter, is Orion, the Hunter, is by far the most famous by far the most famous seasonal constellation. seasonal constellation.

• No other is more No other is more distinct or bright as distinct or bright as this northern winter this northern winter constellation. constellation.

• The famous Orion's The famous Orion's Belt makes the hunter Belt makes the hunter easy to find in the easy to find in the night sky. night sky.

CassiopeiaCassiopeia • Cassiopeia was the wife of Cassiopeia was the wife of

King Cepheus. King Cepheus.

• She was very pretty, and She was very pretty, and would often brag that she and her would often brag that she and her daughter were more beautiful daughter were more beautiful than the sea nymphs, the Nereids. than the sea nymphs, the Nereids.

• They complained to Poseidon, They complained to Poseidon, who sent a monster to Cepheus' who sent a monster to Cepheus' land. land.

• In order to save their country, In order to save their country, the king and queen sacrificed their the king and queen sacrificed their daughter, Andromeda. daughter, Andromeda.

• Just before the monster, Just before the monster, named Cetus, ate the princess, named Cetus, ate the princess, Perseus saved her. All five figures Perseus saved her. All five figures are represented in the sky as are represented in the sky as constellations. constellations.

Leo•The constellation Leo constellation Leo

is known as the Lion. is known as the Lion.

•Leo's head and Leo's head and mane make up an mane make up an upside-down question upside-down question mark called the Sickle. mark called the Sickle.

•One of the brightest One of the brightest spring stars, Regulus spring stars, Regulus (Latin for "little king"), is (Latin for "little king"), is at the base of the at the base of the question mark.question mark.

•The rest of Leo's The rest of Leo's body, legs, and tail body, legs, and tail extend to the extend to the east.east.

Phases of the Moon

Phases of the Moon

Unlike the sun, the Unlike the sun, the moon does not give moon does not give off its own light. off its own light. Instead it reflects the Instead it reflects the sun’s light.sun’s light.

.

Because of the orbit we do not always Because of the orbit we do not always see the full moon.see the full moon.

The phase that we see depends on The phase that we see depends on the position of the Earth, moon, and the position of the Earth, moon, and sun.sun.

It is called waxing when the It is called waxing when the reflecting light is growing toward the reflecting light is growing toward the full moon.full moon.

It is called waning when the reflecting It is called waning when the reflecting light is shrinking to the new moon.light is shrinking to the new moon.

The New MoonThe New Moon

• The moon, sun, The moon, sun, and Earth are lined and Earth are lined up.up.

• Sun’s light reflects Sun’s light reflects off the side of the off the side of the moon facing it.moon facing it.

• The moon appears The moon appears dark from the Earth.dark from the Earth.

• It is between the new moon and first quarter.

• A small slither of brightness on the right.

• Dark part is most visible to Earth.

Waxing Waxing CrescentCrescent

First Quarter MoonFirst Quarter Moon

• Moon is to the Moon is to the left of Earth and left of Earth and sun.sun.

• Half of the moon Half of the moon is visible to is visible to Earth.Earth.

• Half light; half Half light; half darkdark

Waxing Gibbons

• Stage between first quarter and full moon

• Most of the bright side is visible

We see a full We see a full moon when the moon when the sun, moon and sun, moon and Earth are lined Earth are lined up. With the up. With the side of the moon side of the moon facing the Earth facing the Earth illuminated.illuminated.

Full Full MoonMoon

Waning GibbousWaning Gibbous

After the full moon After the full moon

•The right side appears The right side appears dark or invisibledark or invisible

•Opposite of waxing Opposite of waxing gibbousgibbous

Last (3Last (3rdrd ) quarter ) quarter

•Moon is to the right Moon is to the right of the Earth and sun.of the Earth and sun.

•It is the opposite of It is the opposite of the first quarter moon.the first quarter moon.

•Appears to be a half Appears to be a half moon.moon.

Waning CrescentWaning Crescent

• Occurs between the last crescent and the new moon.

• A crescent of the bright side shows on the left edge.

• The rest of the moon facing Earth is on the “dark” side.

• It takes 29 days for the moon to It takes 29 days for the moon to make one full cycle through its phases. make one full cycle through its phases.

FactFactss

• A lunar eclipse occurs when the A lunar eclipse occurs when the moon’s path moves into the Earth’s moon’s path moves into the Earth’s shadow.shadow.