PRESENTATION ON INDIAN RAILWAY

Presented by- Khusro Khan.

Indian Railway

History of Indian RailwayFirst Indian Railway line was

opened on 16th April 1853.

The first train consisting of one steam engine and four coaches , traversed a stretch of 21-miles between Mumbai(Bombay) and Thane.

Indian Railway has a glorious past of more than150 years serving the nation.

Features of Indian RailwayIndian Railway has a 3 tier management system.

No strike in last 30 years inspite of 17 lakhs workers.

It runs 12000 trains everyday.

It is largest railway system in World under one management system.

It carries 1.4 crore passengers and 16 lakh tonnes of goods every day.

It is fuel efficient system.

7000 stations & about 500 computerized passenger reservation system.

Speed of Trains

Shatabdi max 140kmph.

Rajdhani max 130kmph.

Others max 110kmph.

Railway Track or Permanent Way

Combination of rails, fitted on sleepers and resting on ballast and subgrade is called the railway track or permanent way.

Requirements of an Ideal Permanent WayBoth rails should be at the same level.

Curves should be properly designed.

Proper super elevation should be provided.

GaugeThe maximum distance between the running faces of the two rails of a permanent way is called GAUGE.

Dimension of gauges1-Broad Gauge(BG) 1676mm(5’6”)

2-Standard Gauge(SG) 1435mm

3-Metre Gauge(MG) 1000mm

4-Narrow Gauge(NG) 762mm(2’6”)

5-Light Gauge 610mm

Types of Rails1- Double Headed Rail.2- Bull Headed Rail.3- Flat Footed Rail.

Rail Failure1-Crushed Heads.2-Square or Angular Breaks.3-Split Heads.4-Split Web.5-Horizontal Fissures.6-Transverse Fissure.

Creep of RailsCreep is defined as the longitudinal movement of the rail with respect to the sleepers

Defects of Creep(i) Sleepers move out of position

thereby the rail gauge.

(ii) Position of points and crossings are disturbed.

(iii) Interlocking mechanism getsdisturbed.

SpikesFor holding the rails to the wooden Sleepers various types of spikes are used.

Types of spikesDog spikes.

Screw spikes.

Round spikes.

Standard spikes.

Elastic spikes.

Bolts

(i) Dog or hook bolt.

(ii) Fish bolts.

(iii) Fang nut bolts.

Chairs (i) Cast iron chair (C.I chairs).(ii) Slide chairs.

SleepersSleepers are the transverse ties

that areLaid to support the rails. They transmit wheel load from the rails to the ballast.

Classification of sleepers

(i) Wooden sleeper

(ii) Metal sleeperCast iron sleeper

Steel sleeper

(iii) Concrete sleeperReinforced concreteSleeper (R.C.C)

Prestressed ConcreteSleeper .

Sleeper DensitySleeper density is the number of sleepers Per rail length. It is specified as(M+x) or (N+x), where M or N is the length of the rail in meters and x is a number varies to factors .

Ballast Single size aggregate used in rail track construction. Generally has a nominal size of 63mm or 53mm. Can be used as a very coarse drainage material.

BallastBallast

Types of ballastSand ballast.

Moorum ballast.

Coal ash or cinder.

Broken stone ballast.

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