WelcomeMD Mofizul Islam

Senior Agriculture Specialist IFDC; Dhaka

At present IFDC is working in 29 countries also in many countries and International organizations , research institutes, universities, public and private sector organization on collaborative basis signing MOU.

“About half of the world’s population is alive today because of increased food production fueled by mineral

fertilizers,”

Dr. Amit Roy; President,IFDC

“About half of the world’s population is alive today because of increased food production fueled by mineral

fertilizers,”

Dr. Amit Roy; President,IFDC

How Deep Placement How Deep Placement Works?Works?

CO2

N Balance for UDP and Split Applied Urea in Wetland Rice. N Balance for UDP and Split Applied Urea in Wetland Rice. IRRI-IFDCIRRI-IFDC

In Grain42%

In Straw23%

In Soil31%

Unaccounted4%

In Grain23%

In Straw9%

In Soil33%

Unaccounted35%

Deep Placed Urea

Briquette

Split Applicatio

n

Location Urea application 15N Balance (%of applied N)

Plant recovery Soil(+roots) UnaccountedInstitute of soil science, Nanjing, China

PU incorporated 29-45 20-32 35-40USG at 6cm placement 55-74 12-24 13-21

IRRI, Philippines dry & wet season

PU incorporated 32-33 33-36 11-35USG,10cm placement 65-73 22-31 4-5

Pangasinan, Philippines, wet season

Basal incorporated & top dressing

31-39 33-35 26-36

USG,10cm placement 64-78 19-26 3-14

Pila, Laguna, Philippines ,wet season

Two third b,cd-incorporated 30 22 48

USG placement 70 23 7

15N balance sheet for deep-placed USG-N and split-applied PU-N in transplanted rice

Source: Fertilizer Research, vol.25, No.1,October 1990

FER

TIL

IZE

R 1

5N

(%) 0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Urea Super Granules Placedat 8-cm Soil Depth

Urea Broadcast and Incorporated

UNACCOUNTED

ROOT + SOIL

PLANT

UNACCOUNTED

ROOT + SOIL

PLANT

DAYS AFTER TRANSPLANTING Source: Use of Urea Super Granules for Wetland Rice: A Review. By: NK Savant, ET Craswell and RB Diamond

Important Agronomic advantages of UDP

• No hidden hunger to plants for shortage of nitrogen

•Less weeds grow due to N availability beyond root zone

• Dark green color of leaves continues without yellowing

• Number of tillers more than broadcast urea applied plot

• Panicle is large with more number of bold grains

• Add more bio-mass in soils

Potential N losses due to presence of urea-N in floodwater with surface broadcast application of broadcast urea versus deep placed granules (1-g size), 1994 dry season, Philippines. Source: IFDC-IRRI Project

Project Locations

AAPI Total• 22 Districts• 124 Upazilas

FtF Districts• 20 Districts• 107 Upazilas

ResultIndicators Units Target Actual

% of Achievement

Guti Urea Manufac./Sold

Metric Ton

- 4,01690 -

Guti Urea Dealers/Machines Installed

Number 795 905 114%

Farmers Applied Guti Urea in last four rice seasons

Number 2,957,713 4,653,687 157%

Rice Area under Guti Urea in last four rice seasons

Hectare 1,478,857 1,547,873 105%

AAPI Results Achieved through(three crops) June 2013AAPI Results Achieved through(three crops) June 2013

ItemsFertilizer Used

(Average)Fertilizer Cost

(Average)Yield

(Average)

(kg/ha) (Tk/ha) (kg/ha)

Guti Urea 169 3,713($48) 7,029

Broadcast Urea

295 5,903($76) 6,163

Difference 126 2,190($28) 866

CV 0.25 0.24 12.39

LSD (0.05) 0.08 1.63 113.82

Influence of N Fertilizer Application Method of Fertilizer Used, Saving and Yield of Rice Boro 2013 demos

Source: AAPI 397 Demonstration Plots, Boro 2013

ResultIndicators Units Target Actual

% of Achievement

Incremental Rice Production

Metric Ton 1,492,129 1,297,426 87%

Increased Value of Rice

Million US $

477.48 457.70 96%

Urea Saved Metric Ton 196,061 196,973 100%

Value of Urea Saved Million US $

66.65 105.64 158%

GOB Savings on Urea Subsidy

Million US $

31.92 62.75 197%

AAPI Results Achieved(aman2012,boro2013&aus2013) through June 2013AAPI Results Achieved(aman2012,boro2013&aus2013) through June 2013

5.33

5.6

5.715.68

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

In P

erc

en

tag

e (

%)

Prilled Urea USG 2 NPK (2.40

gm)

1 NPK (3.40

gm)

Treatment

Protein content in grain of boro rice

Protein content(%)

Cultivars (Varieties

No. of demons-trations

Yield (Kg/ha)

Remarks Yield difference

(a-b)

Average UDP (Guti Urea)

(a)

Average Broadcast Urea

(b)

BRRI dhan 29 114 7579 6522 1057

BRRI dhan 28 168 6876 5956 920

BRRI dhan 47 20 6465 5560 905

BINA dhan 8 11 6484 5715 769

Hybrids 33 7911 6804 1107

Effect of N-Fertilizer Applied as Broadcast Urea or UDP on the Grain Yield (kg/ha) of Different Varieties Grown in Boro, 2012 (Demo)

Deep –placed USG

were found to be agronomically efficient in calcareous soils and in problem soils

such as acidic soils, sodic soils, alkali soils, coastal saline soils and poorly

drained soils.

Source: “Fertilizer Research” An International Journal on Fertilizer Use and Technology, vol.25, No.1,Oct.1990

Poverty Alleviation of Resource Poor Farmers

a household cultivating 0.2 ha in both wet and dry seasons and obtaining the yield increments from UDP might produce sufficient additional rice to provide one person their annual calorie requirement above poverty level (2,114 kilo calorie/head/day).

An IFDC Study Pointed Out--

“On average from a hectare of land, UDP provides an

additional 3.2 persons with the annual rice

requirement above the poverty level established by

the Government of Bangladesh,” says Dr. Thomas P.

Thompson, IFDC Senior Sociologist.

A survey conducted in Bangladesh produced these

findings.

Socioeconomic Performance

HOW TO SAVE THE EARTH ???

Environmental Gains with Deep PlacementEnvironmental Gains with Deep Placement

• Point Placement = high ammoniacal N concentration (NH4-N > 3,000 ppm) inhibition of nitrification

• Less N Loss = N Fertilizer Savings

• Deep Placement = reduced zone soil placement

Air(80% Nitrogen) Ammonia Urea

Energy and Feedstock (Natural Gas)

Energy (Natural Gas) and Carbon Dioxide

980 kg CO2 Equivalent GHG Emission

4-Barrels Energy 1 ton Urea

Global Climate Change Initiative

• Phase I – will quantify the N losses

and build capacity within BRRI and BAU.

• Phase II – will measure the effect

of enhanced technologies on N emissions and yield.

NH4 concentration in floodwater after urea application

Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Contribution in Global Warming

Global warming potential of N2O is nearly 300 times than that of an equal mass of CO2

Global atmospheric N2O concentration is now 18 times higher than pre-industrial times

It has continued to increase @ of about 0.3%per year

Source: International nitrogen initiative

Source: Economic Review 2013, Ministry of Finance, GOB

Benefits of urea deep placement(UDP)

For entrepreneurs:• New area of business & profit• Opportunity to contribute to national development

For the national economy:• Saves urea• Increase rice production• Increase rural employment opportunities

For the environment:• Decrease release of Nr to the environment• Decrease pollution of water

For farmers:• Increase yield• Saves urea• Decrease production cost• Increase profit

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U.S. President Barack Obama and USAID Administrator Rajiv Shah discuss fertilizer deep placement technology with Dr. Bidjokazo Fofana, agronomist and coordinator of IFDC's deep placement initiative in Africa. Fofana (right) is demonstrating the use of a mechanical applicator that decreases the labor required to deep-place fertilizer briquettes. Photo courtesy of USAID.

U.S. President Barack Obama Promotes Agricultural Technologies at Feed the Future Event

BR

RI D

es

ign

ed

Ap

plic

ato

r

Long-Term Effect of Urea Deep Long-Term Effect of Urea Deep Placement on Soil HealthPlacement on Soil Health

Urea Deep PlacementUrea

Broadcast Incorporation

Long-Term Effect of UDP on Soil Health

Comparison of Organic Matter Content with UDP and Urea

Organic Matter Content (%)

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

So

il D

ep

th (

cm

)

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Long-Term Effect of UDP on Soil Health

Comparison of Soil Total Nitrogen with UDP and Urea

Total N Content (%)

0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 0.24

So

il D

ep

th (

cm

)

-70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Phosphorus use efficiencies as influenced by P and N rates, deep point placement of briquettes, incorporation of N, P, K

Phosphorus use efficiencies as influenced by P and N rates, deep point placement of briquettes, incorporation of N, P, K

Fertilizer nutrients(N-P-K)

Phosphorus use efficiency

Agronomic efficiency Apparent recovery combined

2001 2002

Kg grain/kg P applied% increase in P

uptake from P applied

Phosphorus rate, 14 kg P /ha

53 – 14 – 25 Broadcast 47.8 151.2 24.9

53 – 14 – 25 N-P-K Briquette 110.5 166.9 50.4

78 – 14 – 25 Broadcast 120.6 187.8 50.3

78 – 14 – 25 N-P-K Briquette 165.1 241.5 81.4

Source: Rice Growth, Grain Yield and Flood Water Nutrient Dynamics as affected by by Nutrient Placement

Method and Rate; Agronomy Journal, Volume 100, Issue 3; 2008

Farmer

Fertilizerdealer

(Retailer)

Machinemanufacturer

Briquetteproducer

Ureasource

Making the “Guti” Urea

Supply Chain Work

for Farmers

Sub-continent CountryNumber of Machine

Asia Afghanistan, Cambodia, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines 20

Africa Burkina Feso, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya , Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Togo, Uganda, Zambia

55

USA & Ecuador

IFDC Head Quarter, Ecuador2

Briquette Machine Exported from BangladeshBriquette Machine Exported from Bangladesh

Ric

e G

rain

Yie

ld (

t h

a-1)

0

2

4

6

8

10

UDP Urea Yield difference

Gains in Sub-Saharan AfricaGains in Sub-Saharan Africa

Crop Treatment Yield (m.ton/ha)Cabbage Prilled Urea (440 kg/ha) 47.95

UDP 61.57Difference 13.62

Cauliflower Prilled Urea (330 kg/ha) 49.20UDP 59.55Differences 10.35

Tomato Prilled Urea (500 kg/ha) 45.80UDP 59.65Difference 13.85

Eggplant Prilled Urea (300 kg/ha) 25.03UDP 31.02Difference 5.99

Yield Analysis of Cabbage, Cauliflower, Tomato and Eggplant from UDP and Broadcast Urea Plots

Source: AAPI, IFDC, Dhaka

UDP Plot Non UDP Plot

THE END

Sl# Items Unit cost US$ Unit nos. Total(US$)1 Urea cost 0.25/kg 3200 kg 800.002 Number of labors 3.75 3.75x3nos 11.253 Diesel 0.81 0.85x12litres 10.204 Engine oil --- --- 0.505 Gear oil -- -- 0.506 Management, housing,

promotion, depreciation etc

1 day --- 7.75

7 Shortage @2% 1 kg/50kg bag 0.258 Grand Total 830.459 Price of guti @0.28/kg 3200kg 896.0010 Sl. 9-8 of items 65.5511 If machine works yearly

60 days(av.) profit 3,933.00

12 For 30 days profit 1966.50

An estimated partial financial benefit of entrepreneurs on USG production and marketing per day (8hr basis)

Production of USG on the basis of 400kg /hr ie 64 bags (50kg/bag) per day