presentación renovada pimentel.20

Taxonomy and Phylogeography of

complex species groups. The case of the

Manuel Pimentel Pereira, PhD

1


European sweet vernal grasses

(Anthoxanthum L., Poaceae, Pooideae)


� Research experience:

- Numerical Taxonomy

(Multivariate analysis)

2

- Molecular Taxonomy

(RAPDs)


� Research experience:

3

-Ecological study of Galician peatlands

-Vegetation inventory

-Collaboration in fieldwork

-Evaluation of the observed anthropic impacts

-Ecological study of some Galician

populations of Coenagrion

mercuriale. Valoration of anthropic impacts

Taxonomy and Phylogeography of



4


European sweet vernal grasses

(Anthoxanthum L., Poaceae, Pooideae)

• Inflorescence a spiciform panicle

• Many laterally-compressed spikelets

• Glumes unequal, membranous, carinate and

Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Introduction

5

• Glumes unequal, membranous, carinate and

mucronate

• Three flowers. The upper one fertile, the

lower ones reduced to aristate lemmae

• Bi-staminate fertile flower. Without lodicles

Drawing: D. Romero


0

20N

40N

60N

80N

0

20N

40N

60N

80N

6

80S

60S

40S

20S

0

160W 140W 120W 100W 80W 60W 40W 20W 0 20E 40E 60E 80E 100E 120E 140E 160E

Native distribution of genus L. . Anthoxanthum s. str

80S

60S

40S

20S

0

160W 140W 120W 100W 80W 60W 40W 20W 0 20E 40E 60E 80E 100E 120E 140E 160E

Native distribution of genus L. . Anthoxanthum s. str

Invaded range of Genus L. . . Anthoxanthum s str

• Seven Anthoxanthum species are part of the European and

Macaronesian Flora:

• Anthoxanthum amarum Brot.

• Anthoxanthum maderense Teppner

•Anthoxanthum odoratum L. s. lat. complex

� Anthoxanthum odoratum L.


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� Anthoxanthum odoratum L.

� Anthoxanthum alpinum Löve & Löve

• Anthoxanthum gracile Bivona

•Anthoxanthum aristatum/Anthoxanthum ovatum complex

� Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss.

� Anthoxanthum ovatum Lag.

� Genus Anthoxanthum presents a high Taxonomic and Phylogeographic

interest:


1.- Unclear phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships with close genera

2.- The taxonomical status of some of the European species has been

widely discussed and is still to be established. The great variety of

ploidy levels that can be found throughout the genus adds complexity

to the matter

A. alpinumA. odoratum

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to the matter

A. alpinum A. odoratum


interest:


9

A. ovatumA. aristatum


interest:


1.- Unclear phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships with close genera

2.- The taxonomical status of some of the European species has been

widely discussed and is still to be established. The great variety of

ploidy levels that can be found throughout the genus adds complexity

to the matter

A. gracileA. amarum

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to the matter

3.- Given the distribution of some of these species, genus Anthoxanthum

presents a high phylogeographical interest

A. maderense


interest:


The A. aristatum/A. ovatum complex

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interest:


The A. odoratum s. lat. complex

12

1. To clarify, through morphological, anatomical and molecular methods, the

taxonomy of the European sweet vernal grasses. A special effort was made on

the A. odoratum/A. alpinum and the A. aristatum/A. ovatum complexes

2. To calibrate the usefulness and reliability of the traditionally used traits in the

differentiation of the European species of Genus Anthoxanthum L. Also, to

analyse the possible taxonomic consequences of ploidy differences among taxa

Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Research aims

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3. To analyse the influence of the environmental factors on the morphological

variation observed on some of the studied populations

4. To elaborate a taxonomic proposal for the European species of Anthoxanthum.

5. To unravel the evolutionary differentiation and the phylogeographic patterns of

some populations of the European sweet vernal grasses

The European sweet vernal

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The European sweet vernal

grasses. A morphometric study

• Can we unambiguously characterize the Anthoxanthum species using

macromorphology and leaf anatomy?

•1787 plants from 60 European populations were

Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Morphometric study. Methodology

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•1787 plants from 60 European populations were

used

• Macromorphology: 1567 plants

• Leaf anatomy: 220 plants

• A. nivale K. Schum. and A. aethiopicum I.

Hedberg

30 macromorphological characters 29 anatomical characters

17 qualitative traits


7 quantitative traits 22 qualitative traits

13 quantitative traits

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7 quantitative traits 22 qualitative traits

� Cluster analysis

� Gower coefficient for mixed data

� Principal coordinates analysis

� Information radius. Cluster analysis

� Contingency tables. Lambda coefficient

30 macromorphological characters

17 qualitative traits


13 quantitative traits

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� Exploratory analysis

� Principal components analysis

� Multivariate analysis of variance

� Classification discriminant analysis

� Principal coordinates analysis

� Contingency tables. Lambda coefficient

� Cluster analysis

Genus Anthoxanthum L in Europe. Morphometric study. Results

1. Inflorescence lenght

2. Leaf length

3. Leaf width

A. amarum is partially characterized by

• Only the Mediterranean diploid A. gracile

and the high Iberian polyploid A. amarum

can be easily distinguished based on

morphological characters

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1. Awn length

2. Sterile floret length

3. Sterile floret width

A. gracile is clearly characterized by floral

traits

A. amarum is partially characterized by

vegetative traits

• Principal components analysis performed with macromorphological quantitative data. The two first

axis accounted for 35.4% of the variance


The differentiation between annuals and

perennials is much clearer when we

consider the whole macromorphological

dataset

The MANOVA analysis indicated that

inflorescence and leaf length were

important to differentiate between

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Morphological variation in A. odoratum

is, to some extent, geographically

structured. Pubescence characters are the

basis of such structure

•Cluster analysis performed with qualitative macro-morphological data. IP, Iberian

Peninsula; SS, South of Scandinavia

•Principal coordinates analysis performed with macro-morphological data (Gower coefficient)

important to differentiate between

annuals and perennials

A. alpinum (4.1%)A. odoratum

others (3.9%)

others (7.4%)A. maderense


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A. odoratum (92%)

A clear differentiation between A. odoratum and A. alpinum was detected

A. maderense characterization is not possible based on the selected characters

A. odoratum (26.6%)A. maderense (66%)

•Classification discriminant analysis performed with macromorphological quantitative data

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