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IRONY & SATIRE

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IRONYIrony involves a difference or

contrast between

appearance and reality -that is a discrepancy

between what appears tobe true and what really is

true.

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Irony exposes and underscores acontrast between:

A. What is and what seems to be.

B. What is and what ought to be.

C. What is and what one wishes tobe.

D. What is and what one expects tobe.

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There are Three CommonTypes of Irony in

Literature

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1.Verbal Irony: Occurs when people say the

opposite of what they mean. Thisis perhaps the most common type

of irony. The reader knows that a

statement is ironic because of

familiarity with the situation.

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There are two kinds of verbalirony :Understatement occurs when one

minimizes the nature of something.

Overstatement occurs when oneexaggerates the nature of

something.

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EXAMPLE:Mother comes into the TV room and discovers

her 11-year-old watching South Park instead ofdoing his homework, as he was set to a dozenminutes ago. Pointing to the screen she says, "Don'tlet me tempt you from your duties, but when you'refinished with your serious studies there, maybe wecould take some time out for recreation and do alittle math .

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2.Situational Irony: The situation is different from what

common sense indicates it is, willbe, or ought to be.

Is often used to expose hypocrisyand injustice.

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EXAMPLE:1. A couple appears in court to end a divorce, but

during the process they remarry instead.2. You buy yourself something after months of saving

and then someone gets it for you for Christmas!3. The books that the world calls immoral are books

that show the world its own shame.

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3.Dramatic Irony: Occurs when a character states

something that they believe to be truebut that the reader knows is not true.

The key to dramatic irony is thereader's foreknowledge of comingevents.

Second readings of stories oftenincreases dramatic irony because ofknowledge that was not present in thefirst reading.

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EXAMPLE:1. In a horror movie, suspense is often built up by the use ofspooky music. The viewers often know that someone is

going to die or get ripped up, or, at least, something isgoing to jump out because of the music that THEY canhear--and, of course, the characters cannot.

2. Another similar example is when the main character (in ascary movie), is being chased by a killer and we know thatthe killer is hiding in the closet but the character does notknow that.

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SATIRE

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Is primarily a literary genre or form,although in practice it can alsobe found in the graphic andperforming arts.

Although satire is usually meant tobe funny, its greater purpose isoften constructive social

criticism, using wit as a weapon.

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Satire is nowadays found in many

artistic forms of expression,including literature, plays,commentary, and media such as

lyrics.

Satire covers many differentmethods including irony, sarcasm,burlesque, parody, exaggeration,juxtaposition, double entendres.

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EXAMPLES:SARCASM:

I never forget a face, but in your case I'll be gladto make an exception.

EXAGGERATION:

I am so hungry I could eat a horse. I have a million things to do.

DOUBLE ENTENDRES:

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