HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS LEAF EXTRACT AS COAGULANT AID

IN REACTIVE ORANGE 16 REMOVAL FROM

AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

Presented by:Siti raudhah binti ahmad

19th december 2014

introduction

• The development of Malaysia’s textiles and apparel industry taking place in the early 1970s

• There are approximately 100 000 different dyes

are used industrially and over 0.7 million tonnes of synthetic dyes are produced

• Dyes: organic compounds that can bright and lasting colour to other substances

• Structural diversity of dyes is attributed to the presence of different chromaphoric groups

• The textile industries daily discharge million liters of untreated effluents in the form of wastewater that eventually will flow into rivers.

• Removing dyes from wastewater can be done via several methods which are chemical, physical and biological methods

• Coagulation/flocculation: methods in wastewater treatment that occurs in successive steps

• Involves the addition of chemicals to change the physical state of dissolved solid and ease their removal by sedimentation.

Problemstatement

• Environmental affects that caused by dyes in wastewater

• Discharged of dyes into the water environment can cause the change of colour of the water, aesthetically unpleasant and interferes with light penetration that will reduce photosynthetic action.

• Dyes released and their breakdown products are toxic, carcinogenic or mutagenic to aquatic life

• The usage of chemical coagulants would cause environmental consequences.

• The production of large volumes of metal hydroxide (toxic) sludge will create disposal problem.

• Increase in metal such as aluminium concentration in the treated water may have implications to human health.

To extract a coagulant aid from the leaves of Hibiscus

rosa-sinensis and identify its chemical characteristics by

using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry.

To study and examine the efficiency of coagulation-flocculation processes for the

removal of Reactive Orange 16 from aqueous solution by using alum and

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract (HBaqs) based on the effect of pH and

concentration of HBaqs.

objectives

Literaturereview

• El-Gohary and Tawfik (2009): using alum as coagulant decolourization of disperse and reactive dyes wastewater

• Shuang et al., (2013): Enteromorpha polysaccharides as a new-style coagulant aid in dye wastewater treatment.

• Wu et al., (2013): coagulation performance and floc characteristics of aluminium sulphate using sodium alginate as coagulant aid for synthetic dying wastewater treatment.

• Mishra and Bajpai (2006):the flocculation performance of Tamarindus mucilage in relation to remove vat and direct dyes.

• Environmental friendly flocculants: simple and economically viable process, exhibits high removal efficiencies and considerably denser flocs - as a promising material in real application from the perspective of both performance and cost.

• Synthetic polymeric flocculants or chemical polymer: non-biodegradability and unfriendly to the environment.

• Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves is a non-toxic and low cost green plant

• It is worth trying to use it as a coagulant aid to treat reactive dyes.

.

Scope ofstudy

• Extraction of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaves is done by using drying process.

• HBaqs will be characterized by using FTIR

• Coagulation/flocculation process for the removal of RO16 dye will be carried out using the jar test method.

• Determine the optimum pH range as well as the coagulant aid dosages.

• Final concentration of the solution will be analysed using UV-vis spectrophotometer in terms of colour removal.

methodologies

1. Preparation of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis leaf extract (HBaqs) 1. mixture will be blended by using a

blender2. the suspension will be filtered3. Dried in an oven at 105 °C for 48 h4. Filtrate stock solutions will be stirred

30 minutes5. Pure concentration, M1, of the

dissolved filtrate stock solution, HBaqs will be calculated

2. Preparation of dye solutions-100 mg/L dye will prepared

3. Calibration curve-20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L will

be prepared

4. Preparation of alum as coagulant-400 mg/L alum

5. Materials characterization: FTIR Spectroscopy

6. Jar test method-150 mL of RO16, dye concentration is

100 mg/L and 25 mg/L of alum will be added into each beaker

-1.0 M of NaOH or 0.1M of H2SO4: to adjust the pH -stirr at 200 rpm about 30 minutes

7. Effect of pHpH value of the solution will be varies 3, 5,

7, 9, 10 and 11.

8. Effect of coagulant aid dosagesi. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mg/L of HBaqs add into five beakers after the

rapid mixingii. One beaker is left as control. iii. pH of the solution maintain at pH 6. iv. Stir at 30 rpm for 20 minutesv. Allowed to settle and sediment for 45

min vi. Samples: withdrawn from 20 mm

below the water surface

9. Uv-vis measurements: the colour removal and final concentration of the solution will be analysed using UV-Vis spectrometers.

conclusion