PreparingPreparingan Oralan OralPresentationPresentation

ORAL PRESENTATION ORAL PRESENTATION DELIVERYDELIVERY• requires good communication skills and

preparations• checklist:

– check out on the audience attending the presentation– research the topic to be presented– interact with the audience– analyse the audience– determine the purpose,– gather materials, – organise and write main ideas as well as prepare

visual aids.

three three factors to factors to

be be considered considered

as a as a presenterpresenter

occasion for the speech

the audience

the setting

• ask questions about the aim of the speech

• find out who host the speech• find out the agenda and duration of

event• this will help you to concentrate on

organising the structure and content of your presentation.

• find out about the audience:– gender, age, social, economic, educational

backgrounds, prior knowledge, expectations, likes and dislikes, occupational backgrounds, place of residence,

– habits, personality • knowing more about your audience, help

you to create speeches that are appropriate in terms of content, the language used and even style

• by familiarising yourself with the setting will help to reduce panic attacks and minimise the risk of unexpected problems cropping up at the last minute

• make sure the sound system is working properly

• check whether the speech will be held in a formal or informal setting so that you can be appropriately dressed.

Determining The Purpose And Determining The Purpose And TopicTopic

• you should decide the aims and objectives of your presentation.

• decide whether you aim is to convey, inform, relay, relate, influence, persuade, appease, encourage, motivate, illustrate, clarify or appeal

• next, decide on the appropriate topic

• when you decide on the objectives, make sure they are specific.

• your objectives should be in terms of what the audience should be able to and what you want to do.

TOPIC PURPOSE

1. Progress and Development of a Nation2. Tips to Obtain Good Grades3. Positive Aspects of Computers: Buy One Get One Free4. Ways to Boost Confidence5. Building of Old Folks Home: The

Need for More Fundspersuade appeal inform motivate

Collecting Material

• collecting materials is one of the most important step.

• if the topic is unfamiliar, you should look up appropriate sources in order to obtain input or material for your talk.

• you can also draw from you own experiences.• adapt your materials so that you won’t go

beyond the time limit.

Structuring The Oral Presentation

• the presentation should be structured so that it is clear and smooth.

• your audience is a listening audience and they cannot ask you to repeat points that they missed or could not understand

• Thus, it is important to outline your points systematically so that the paper is effectively deliver

• Your presentation need to structured because the audience cannot pay attention for a long period of time

• they may find the presentation difficult to follow if it is not systematically structured and organised.

• A good structure helps to capture and hold their attention

Basic Structure of Presentation

Main IdeasMain Ideas

• Should be between three and six only

• Each of the main ideas should be properly introduced, arranged and concluded.

Sequencing of Main IdeasSequencing of Main Ideas

• sequencing of main ideas should be in a manner that makes it easy for the audience to follow:– start from the easier to the more

difficult– from the known to the unknown. – follow a time sequence. – follow a logical sequence.

Outlining the MaterialOutlining the Material

• The sequence of main ideas should be clear and logical.

• other ways of developing a structure is by webbing or mapping.

• This technique gives the speaker an opportunity to see his content holistically.

Writing Out the PresentationWriting Out the Presentation

• be as simple as possible. • the style of writing an academic

paper and a speech is not the same.

Using visual aidsUsing visual aids

• visual aids are important tools in presentations.

• a speech without visual aids is usually less effective compared to one that uses visual aids

• visual aids add variety to your presentation.

The reasons for using visual The reasons for using visual aidsaids

• enhance the audience’s comprehension of the subject

• helps listeners to be more focused• add authenticity, beauty, credibility

and variety to the entire presentation.

Examples of Visual MaterialsExamples of Visual Materials

• Unprepared materials;• Prepared materials; • Visual equipment.

Unprepared materialsUnprepared materials

• consist of information which is not prepared in advance but are displayed to the audience there and then.

• The information can be written on the board or on flipcharts.

• consist of information which is prepared in advance.

(i) Non-projected materials (pictures, posters, realia, models and handouts)

(ii) Projected materials (slides, transparencies, video clips and digital data in CD and diskettes.

Prepared materialsPrepared materials

• Equipments used in making presentation:– OHP, slide and LCD projectors, video, CD

and DVD players, television, and computer.

Visual EquipmentVisual Equipment

• now the reasons for using visual aids in any presentation.

• avoid using too many visual aids.• practise delivering your speech, using these aids • be thoroughly familiar with the equipment by

practising using them before the presentation• check to make sure that the equipment you

want to utilise is available• ensure that the aids shown relate to the specific

points discussed.

Guides for Using Visual Guides for Using Visual AidsAids