preparation of paper mill sludge-based granular activated carbon
DESCRIPTION
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Preparation of paper mill sludge-based granular activated carbon
Presented By:-Ashok Dhakad
Sch. No. 142117203Department of Chemical Engineering
MANIT, Bhopal
Paper mill sludge is a by–product composed of pulp residues and ash which are generated from pulping and paper making processes.
Paper mill sludge was utilized to prepare granular activated carbon filler for fluidized-bed bioreactor .
INTRODUCTION
First described used over 3500 years ago for medicinal purposes
In the 18th century, crude carbons made from blood, wood and animals were used for the purification of liquids.
Granular Activated Carbon with industrial level steam activation was developed as a consequence of WWI, for use in gas masks
History of Activated Carbon
Activated Carbon is a crude form of graphite and generic term used to describe a family of carbonaceous adsorbents possessing a highly crystalline form and extensively developed internal pore structure.
This unique structure of Activated Carbon produces a very large surface area.
1 lb. of Granular Activated Carbon produces a surface area of 125 acres (1 kg = 1,000,000 meters2; 1000 m2/g)
What is Activated Carbon?
Dewatered paper mill
sludge
Polyvinyl alcohol
steam
Raw Material
Paper sludge contains
Water
Small cellulose particles
Organic compound
Inorganic salts etc.
Process
The raw materials are first carbonized via a controlled heating process at “low” temperatures (200 - 300°C) in an oxygen-lean environment which keeps the material from burning. This process converts the raw material into a disordered carbon structure full of tiny pores.
Activation
The carbonized materials are then activated by steam (or chemical treatment). Steam activation is carried out at high temperatures (982°C) and the carbonized materials react with the steam to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen which exit as gases leaving behind a highly porous activated carbon material
Activation
Pore Structure
Activated carbon is used in gas purification, gold
purification, metal extraction, water purification, medicine,
sewage treatment, air filters in gas masks and many other
applications.
Applications of activated carbon
Element Paper sludge (%)
Carbon 39.52
hydrogen 4.53
0xygen 19.22
Nitrogen 0.5
Sulphur 0.11
Chlorine 0.2
Easy to prepare and handle Do not require tedious methods and
sophisticated techniques for characterization.
Can be stored under normal conditions. Easily recyclable of the carbon with high
reproducibility of the results.
Advantages
Bituminous Coal
Coconut Shells
Wood
Lignite Coal
Peat, Olive Pits, etc.
Other raw material also can produce AC
The results of this study show that it is feasible to prepare activated carbons with relatively high surface areas and pore volumes from paper sludge by direct chemical activation or steam activation and it reduce the environment pollution .
Conclusions
www.science.gov www.ncbi.nih.gov H. Marsh and F. rodriguez-reinosis, activated
carbon, oxford , 2006
References
Thank you!