premi nobel in fisica nucleare e subnucleare - unimi.it · istituzioni di fisica nucleare e...

Istituzioni di Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare – Prof. A. Andreazza

Premi Nobel in Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare

Foto e materiale da www.nobelprizes.org

1903 1908 1911

Henri Becquerel In recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity

Istituzioni di Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare – A. Andrezza Album dei Premi Nobel 2

Pierre Curie Marie Sklodovska-Curie in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel

Ernest Rutherford for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances

Marie Sklodovska-Curie in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element

Nobel per la Chimica

1905 1906 1921 1927

Philipp Lenard for his work on cathode rays


J.J. Thomson in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases

Albert Einstein for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect

A. A. Compton for his discovery of the effect named after him

C.R.T. Wilson for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour

1921 1922 1934 1935

Frederick Soddy for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes


Francis W. Aston for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule

Harold C. Urey for his discovery of heavy hydrogen

Frédéric Joliot Irène Joliot-Curie in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements


1935 1936 1938 1939

James Chadwik for the discovery of the neutron


Victor F. Hess for his discovery of cosmic radiation

Carl D. Anderson for his discovery of the positron

Enrico Fermi for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons

Philipp Lenard for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements

1943 1944 1945 1948 1949

Otto Stern for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton


Isidor Isaac Rabi for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei

Wolfgang Pauli for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle

Patrick M.S. Blackett for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation

Hideki Yukawa for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces

1943 1944 1951

George de Hevesy for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes


Otto Hahn for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei

Edwin M. McMillan Glenn T. Seaborg for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements


1950 1951 1952

Cecil F. Powell for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method


John Cockroft Ernest T.S. Walton for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles

Felix Bloch Edward M. Purcell for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith

1954 1955 1957


Walter Bothe for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith (condiviso con Max Born)

Polykarp Kusch for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron

Willis E. Lamb for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum

Cheng Ning Yang Tsung-Dao Lee for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles

1958 1959


Pavel A. Cherenkov Il’ia M. Frank Igor Y. Tamm for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect

Emilio Segrè Owen Chamberlain for their discovery of the antiproton

1960 1961


Donald A. Glaser for the invention of the bubble chamber

Rudolf Mössbauer or his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name

Robert Hofstadter for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons

Willard F. Libby for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science


1963


Eugene Wigner for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles

Maria Göppert-Mayer J. Hans D. Jensen for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure

1965 1967


Sin-Itiro Tomonaga Julian Schwinger Richard P. Feynman for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles

Hans Albrecht Bethe for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars

1968 1969 1975


Aage N. Bohr Ben R. Mottelson James Rainwater for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection

Luis W. Alvarez for his decisive contri-butions to elementary particle physics, in particular the disco-very of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble cha-mber and data analysis

Murray Gell-Mann for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions

1976 1979


Sheldon L. Glashow Abdus Salam Steven Weinberg for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current

Burton Richter Samuel C.C. Ting for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind

1980 1983 1984


Carlo Rubbia Simon van der Meer for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction

James W. Cronin Val L. Fitch for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons

William A. Fowler for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe (condiviso con Chandrasekhar)

1988


Leon M. Lederman Melvin Schwartz Jack Steinberger for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino

1990 1991 1992


Jerome J. Friedman Henry W. Kendall Richard E. Taylor for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics

Georges Charpak for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber

Richard R. Ernst for his contribu-tions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy


1995 1999


Frederick Reines for the detection of the neutrino

Martin R. Perl for the discovery of the tau lepton

Gerardus ‘t Hooft Martinus J.G. Veltman for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics

2002 2004


David J. Gross H. David Politzer Frank Wilczek for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction

Raymond Davis jr. Masatoshi Koshiba for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos (condiviso con Riccardo Giacconi)

2008 2013


Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature

François Englert Peter Higgs for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamen-tal particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider

Yoichiru Nambu for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics

2015 ?


Takaaki Kajita Arthur B. McDonald for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass"

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