Prelude Prelude to to

Civil War Civil War

1788-1860  North 1788-1860  North developed and Changed developed and Changed by Industrial Revolutionby Industrial Revolution

Rapid population growth, European Rapid population growth, European immigrants immigrants

Diversified economy - only 4% small Diversified economy - only 4% small farmersfarmers

  Capitalism Capitalism

Strong industrial & merchant sector Strong industrial & merchant sector develops      develops      

1788-1860  North1788-1860  North

Protestantism dominant religion Protestantism dominant religion influencing political and economic influencing political and economic leadershipleadership

Reform movement thrives in North, due Reform movement thrives in North, due to effects of Industrial Revolution and to effects of Industrial Revolution and city growth (Temperance, Poor Housing, city growth (Temperance, Poor Housing, Child Labor, Public Education, Child Labor, Public Education, Abolitionism) Abolitionism)

  Negative perception of SouthernersNegative perception of Southerners  

1788-1860 South 1788-1860 South Traditional & Traditional & AgriculturalAgricultural

Population growth slower - less immigrationPopulation growth slower - less immigration -South not as urban-South not as urban -Lower population= Less House -Lower population= Less House

RepresentativesRepresentatives Religion protestant, more personal than in Religion protestant, more personal than in

northnorth -More interest in personal salvation than -More interest in personal salvation than

societysociety

Public education & reform not importantPublic education & reform not important

  Cash crops grown, "King Cotton" major Cash crops grown, "King Cotton" major cropcrop

80% economy focused on agriculture80% economy focused on agriculture

Slavery major influenceSlavery major influence

Political leaders large land Political leaders large land owners/slaveholdersowners/slaveholders

25% people own slaves, 12% own 12 25% people own slaves, 12% own 12 or more    or more    

All Southerners had stake in All Southerners had stake in slavery’s institutionslavery’s institution

Negative perceptions of NorthernersNegative perceptions of Northerners

1788-1860 South1788-1860 South

Southern View-“Northern Southern View-“Northern Slavery”Slavery”

"Thank God my Factory Slavery will soon be over."

"I’m going to run away to the Coal Mines only work 14 hours a Day." "Oh! how I would like to have such a comfortable place. . . “

"Why Friend, how is it that you look so old? " "I’m a "fast man“, we usually die of old age at 40.”

"Oh Dear! what wretched Slaves, this Factory Life makes me & my children.“

Southern View on Southern View on Southern SlaverySouthern Slavery"It is as a general thing, some few

exceptions, after mine have done a certain amount of Labor which they finish by 4 or 5 P.M. I allow them to enjoy themselves in any reasonable way."

"Is it possible that we of the North have been so deceived by false Reports? Why did we not visit the South before we caused this trouble between the North and South.”

Territorial Expansion Territorial Expansion Poisoned National Poisoned National

PoliticsPolitics New States- More Congressmen & SenatorsNew States- More Congressmen & Senators

More politicians changes control of More politicians changes control of CongressCongress

North- Concerned over expansion of slavery North- Concerned over expansion of slavery & dealing with Industrial Revolution’s & dealing with Industrial Revolution’s effectseffects

South- Concerned with protecting their South- Concerned with protecting their social system and economic systemsocial system and economic system

Political, social, and Political, social, and economic economic

environments environments deteriorate into an deteriorate into an issue of new statesissue of new states

beingbeing ““SouthernSouthern Slave” Slave”

or or “Northern Free States”“Northern Free States”

Missouri Compromise of Missouri Compromise of 18201820

Unorganized

TerritoryClosed to Slavery

No Slavery

ME

Arkansas TerritoryOpen to Slavery

MO

36* 30’ MissouriCompromise Line

Slave States

Missouri enters US as a Missouri enters US as a slave state slave state

Maine enters US as a free Maine enters US as a free statestate

No slavery north of 36* No slavery north of 36* 31” latitude31” latitude

Michigan Territory No Slavery

1831 Critical year1831 Critical year

  Nat Turner leads Nat Turner leads violent slave revolt violent slave revolt killing 55 men, killing 55 men, women, & childrenwomen, & children

  Abolitionist Abolitionist newspaper newspaper The The LiberatorLiberator began. began.

  South Carolina South Carolina nullifies (fails to obey) nullifies (fails to obey) Federal Tariff LawFederal Tariff Law

US gains new territory.US gains new territory.

Will the North or South control Will the North or South control new states? new states?

Will Slavery be allowed or not?Will Slavery be allowed or not? Country of Texas joins the US Country of Texas joins the US

18451845

Oregon territory 1846Oregon territory 1846

Land gained in Mexican War Land gained in Mexican War 18481848

Wilmot Proviso- US buys land Wilmot Proviso- US buys land

Mexican War 1847-48Mexican War 1847-48

Library of Congress

New US Territories

OregonTerritory

From Britain1846

Acquired though

Mexican War 1848

TexasAnnexation 1845

Gadsden Purchase 1853

Satisfies neither North or South Satisfies neither North or South                                             

California becomes free state, California becomes free state, North has more North has more

Tough Fugitive (Runaway) Slave Tough Fugitive (Runaway) Slave laws for Southlaws for South

Compromise of 1850 Calms Compromise of 1850 Calms ThingsThings

Henry Clay Takes Senate Floor

1852 Novel:1852 Novel: Uncle Uncle Tom’s CabinTom’s Cabin creates furor creates furor nationwide nationwide    

Simon Legree assaulting Uncle Tom.Simon Legree assaulting Uncle Tom.

US by 1854

Washington Territory Minnesota

Territory

Kansas Territory

UtahTerritory

New MexicoTerritory

Oregon Territory Nebraska

Territory

Indian Territory

US 1854

Creates concept of “Popular Creates concept of “Popular Sovereignty” allowing states to Sovereignty” allowing states to decide on issue of slaverydecide on issue of slavery

Effectively repealing Missouri Effectively repealing Missouri CompromiseCompromise

Bleeding Kansas- Violence erupts in Bleeding Kansas- Violence erupts in Kansas between pro-slave and anti-Kansas between pro-slave and anti-slavery supportersslavery supporters

Kansas-Nebraska Act Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854of 1854

Kansas State Historical Society, Copy and Reuse Restrictions Apply

www.kshs.org/reasearch/collections/documents/photos/webuse.htm

1856 1856 SC Senator Booker SC Senator Booker beats beats

MA Senator Sumner with MA Senator Sumner with a cane.a cane.

U

Dred Scot Decision of Dred Scot Decision of 18571857

Supreme Court Rules:Supreme Court Rules:

  Slaves not citizens, Slaves not citizens, they are propertythey are property

  Missouri Missouri Compromise violated Compromise violated 55th th AmendmentAmendment

  Congress must Congress must protect slaves as protect slaves as property.property.

Library of Congress

National Institutions National Institutions DivideDivide

Churches divided into branches Churches divided into branches North/SouthNorth/South

  National Parties split - North/South National Parties split - North/South

Whig Party dies in 1852Whig Party dies in 1852

  Democratic Party essentially a Democratic Party essentially a Southern partySouthern party

  1856 Republican Party founded 1856 Republican Party founded essentially a Northern partyessentially a Northern party

John Brown Takes Harpers Ferry, October 16, 1859

John Brown & 21 armed followers take US arsenal & rifle works in Harpers Ferry, VA

They hope to spark a rebellion of freed slaves and to lead an army of emancipation .

Election of 1860Election of 1860

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Republican Party Republican Party In North OnlyIn North Only

Stephen Douglas Stephen Douglas Northern DemocratsNorthern Democrats

John Bell John Bell South Constitutional South Constitutional Union PartyUnion Party

John Breckenridge John Breckenridge Southern DemocratsSouthern Democrats

1860 Electoral College 1860 Electoral College MapMap

LincolnDouglas

BreckenridgeBell

VT5,NH5

MA 13RI4CT 6NJ 4DE 3MD 8

December 20, December 20, 1860 South 1860 South

Carolina Carolina becomes the becomes the first state to first state to secede from secede from

the USthe US

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