Government of Nepal Ministry of Population and Environment

Department of Hydrology and Meteorology Nagpokhari, Kathmandu, Nepal

PRELIMINARY WEATHER SUMMARY OF NEPAL

February 2015

MAIN HIGHLIGHT

The country remained normal to warmer than normal except in the southern parts of the Central Region (CR) and the northern part of the Mid-western Region (MWR). Rainfall was below normal in the southern parts of the Eastern(ER), CR, MWR and Far-western Region (FWR) and northern parts of Western Region (WR) with its adjoining northern parts of the MWR.

SYNOPTIC SEQUENCES:

Though many western disturbances as upper air systems affected north Pakistan & adjoining Jammu & Kashmir and western Himalayan region, only three of them influenced the weather systems over Nepal and produced rainfall mainly in 1st, 3rd and 4th weeks. PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION:

Northern half of the country recorded more rainfall in comparison to southern half of the country except the northeastern of the MWR and northern of the WR (Figure 1, Table 1). Precipitation was highest monthly with 133.8 (166.3%)mm in Bajura with the highest 24 hour rainfall of 48.8 mm on 19th February some of the stations received no rain such as Dharan Bazar, Jalesore and Gaur. Jiri in the CR received highest of above 410.9% (46.9mm) of normal precipitation.

TEMPERATURE PATTERN:

The country as a whole experienced above normal temperature except the south eastern region of the CR, North eastern part of the MWR recorded below normal temperature with departure below or equal to -3.4oC in Jalesore and -2.3 oC in Dunai. Departure of mean temperature 2.2oC was recorded over Ilam Tea State in the north eastern part of ER (Figure 4, Table 1). As compared to other stations, Manthali recorded the highest maximum temperature of 33.0 °C on 28th February in Gaida (Kankai) while the lowest minimum temperature of -6.6 °C was recorded in Jumla on 25th February. Temperature monitoring in the Terai region ( Fig: 5) shows that most of the days in February was warmer than normal for minimium temperature while for maximum temperature there was lesser deviation both positive and negative. The maximum temperature anomaly was reached the lowest negative anomaly -5.7°C in Simara on 1st February (Figure 2, Image 1) whereas the minimum temperature reached the highest positive anomaly 8.3°C on the 26th February in Simara. The increase of minimum temperature in the winter season has been quite common in the Tarai region since few years. The preliminary weather data for February 2015 is presented in Table 1.

27

28

29

30

Dadeldhura

Dhangadhi

Jumla

Surkhet

Nepalgunj Dang

Bhairahawa

Pokhara

Simara

Kathmandu

Okhaldhunga

Dhankuta

Biratnagar

Taplejung

Dipayal

-5 10 20 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

27

28

29

30

Dadeldhura

Dhangadhi

Jumla

Surkhet

Nepalgunj Dang

Bhairahawa

Pokhara

Simara

Kathmandu

Okhaldhunga

Dhankuta

Biratnagar

Taplejung

Dipayal

0 50 90 110 200 300 400

80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88

27

28

29

30

Dadeldhura

Dhangadhi

Jumla

Surkhet

Nepalgunj Dang

Bhairahawa

Pokhara

Simara

Kathmandu

Okhaldhunga

Dhankuta

Biratnagar

Taplejung

Dipayal

-3.4 -3 -2 -1 -0.2 0.2 0.5 1.5

27

28

29

30

Dadeldhura

Dhangadhi

Jumla

Surkhet

Nepalgunj Dang

Bhairahawa

Pokhara

Simara

Kathmandu

Okhaldhunga

Dhankuta

Biratnagar

Taplejung

Dipayal

4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Eastern

Central

Western

Mid-western

Far-western

Fig 4: Departure of Mean Temperature (°C) from the normal, February 2014

Fig 3: Mean Temperature (°C) February 2014

Fig 2: Percentage of Normal Precipitation(%) February 2014

Fig.1: Total Precipitation (mm) February 2014

Remarks: Normal Rainfall (Gray colour) = 100 ± 10 % Normal Temperature (Gray colour) = 0 ± 0.2 °C

Table 1.

≥ 1

.0 m

m

≥ 1

0.0

mm

≥ 2

5.0

mm

≥ 5

0.0

mm

Avera

ge M

ax

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Hig

hest

Max &

Date

Avera

ge M

in

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

Lo

west

Min

& D

ate

Mo

nth

ly M

ean

Dep

art

ure

fro

m t

he

no

rmal

BAITADI 25.7 44.2 2 1 0 0 20.5/25 19.1 - 28.3/9 6.7 - 6/16 12.9 - 0

DADELDHURA 69.1 110.6 5 2 2 0 32.9/27 16.4 1.2 22.6/22 6.2 1.1 2.7/1 11.3 1.2 0

SUNDARPUR 27.4 67.5 4 1 0 0 12.8/3 25 0.6 30/28 11 1.98 6.4/12 18 1.3 1

DARCHULA 93.2 143.2 7 4 0 0 23.4/26 22.5 1.0 26.5/28 7.4 1.3 4/1 14.9 1.2 0

BAJURA 133.8 166.3 7 3 2 0 48.8/19 M M M M M M M M M

DHANGADHI 15.3 46.4 3 0 0 0 8/27 24.8 0.0 30.1/28 11.3 2.1 6/1 18.1 1.0 1

MANGALSEN 45.4 67.6 5 2 0 0 19.9/26 20.9 - 26/24 7.5 - 3.5/1 14.2 - 0

DIPAYAL (DOTI) 33.4 64.3 4 1 0 0 19.4/26 24.3 -0.4 30.4/24 8.9 1.8 4.6/1 16.6 0.7 2

JUMLA 89.1 226.0 6 4 0 0 21.6/15 16.4 1.4 25.4/22 -1.9 1.2 -5.5/1 7.3 1.3 0

GAM SHREE NAGAR 45.8 160.7 16 0 0 0 6.4/9 17.0 - 17.6/24 -3.8 - -6.6/25 6.6 - 0

NAGMA 80.3 136.9 6 3 1 0 31.2/26 18.3 - 26.5/24 1.9 - -1.8/3 10.1 - 0

DUNAI 6.0 46.8 2 0 0 0 4/22 17.5 -1.1 20.5/1 -2.2 -3.5 -2.5/1 7.7 -2.3 0

DAILEKH 32.5 80.2 4 1 0 0 10.4/26 20.9 2.4 25.4/24 8.5 1.4 6.2/1 14.7 1.9 0

JAJARKOT 28.8 73.1 4 1 0 0 11.6/27 22.4 - 26.5/24 M M M M M M

SURKHET 15.1 35.5 4 0 0 0 6.5/26 24.7 2.2 27.8/24 8.3 0.4 3.4/1 16.5 1.3 0

GULARIYA 31.2 150.6 3 1 1 0 25.5/27 25.0 - 29.5/24 10.6 - 5.5/1 17.8 - 0

NEPALGUNJ AIRPORT 7.6 38.8 1 0 0 0 7.6/4 25.7 1.0 29.7/24 11.3 2.1 5.2/1 18.5 1.6 0

LIBANG GAUN 21.2 44.4 3 1 0 0 12/4 20.5 - 24/21 6.1 - 1.5/4 13.3 - 0

BIJUWAR TAR 22.5 86.5 3 1 0 0 14.2/4 24.3 - 28.9/24 9.7 - 6.4/7 17.0 - 0

SALYAN BAZAR 16.8 87.2 3 0 0 0 9.2/4 21.5 1.5 27/25 8.2 0.5 4.2/1 14.8 1.0 0

CHAUR JHARI TAR 20.2 57.7 4 1 0 0 10/4 24.1 0.5 28/24 7.7 0.3 4.2/1 15.9 0.4 0

GHORAI (DANG) 11.4 50.8 2 0 0 0 8.2/4 24.5 2.2 28.4/27 9.9 1.8 4.5/1 17.2 2.0 0

JOMSOM 15.2 110.5 3 0 0 0 9.5/18 13.1 1.9 19.5/24 0.3 1.8 -4/4 6.7 1.9 0

BAGLUNG 34.9 126.8 3 0 0 0 13.4/19 21.8 -1.7 25.3/23 9.8 1.5 6.2/1 15.8 -0.1 0

BENI BAZAR 46.3 303.3 4 1 0 0 18.6/4 23.5 0.5 27.2/24 M M M M M M

KUSHMA 34.4 242.3 4 1 0 0 14.4/19 23.9 0.9 28/24 9.6 -0.1 6/1 16.7 0.4 0

TANSEN M M M M M M M 21.9 2.5 26.2/26 9.9 0.4 5.5/1 15.9 1.5 0

BHAIRHAWA AIRPORT 15.9 82.7 2 1 0 0 12.5/27 25.1 -0.3 29.3/27 12.0 1.3 6.6/1 18.6 0.5 0

KHUDI BAZAR 21.1 42.7 2 1 0 0 15.6/19 M M M M M M M M M

POKHARA AIRPORT 30.3 87.7 4 1 0 0 19.5/19 23.1 0.9 26.1/23 11.2 2.0 6.5/1 17.1 1.5 0

SYANGJA 26.0 88.0 2 2 0 0 14.8/27 M M M M M M M M M

GORKHA 23.5 114.2 4 1 0 0 11.1/19 23.4 1.4 27.4/27 11.1 0.9 6.5/1 17.3 1.2 0

LUMLE 37.0 75.0 5 1 0 0 16.8/19 15.8 0.7 19/22 7.1 0.8 3/1 11.5 0.7 0

KHAIRINI TAR 38.0 142.8 4 1 1 0 28.2/19 25.2 0.6 28.7/27 11.4 1.8 5.4/3 18.3 1.2 0

RAMPUR 46.3 304.1 4 2 1 0 25.1/26 25.3 -0.8 29.4/24 11.0 1.4 5.5/3 18.2 0.3 0

HETAUNDA N.F.I. 26.8 138.5 2 1 0 0 23.8/27 25.1 0.2 28.2/24 10.5 1.4 5.5/2 17.8 0.8 0

SIMARA AIRPORT 6.7 47.5 2 0 0 0 4/27 26.8 1.3 31.2/27 11.5 1.9 5/1 19.1 1.6 4

GAUR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 15.6 - 19.5/27 8.3 - 5/5 12.0 - 0

NUWAKOT 44.1 226.6 4 2 1 0 26.3/27 22.5 -0.7 25.8/23 10.9 0.2 6.8/1 16.7 -0.2 0

GODAVARI 38.4 167.8 4 1 0 0 21.4/27 19.2 1.7 22.8/28 5.4 0.5 1.7/1 12.3 1.1 0

KATHMANDU AIRPORT 35.2 187.9 3 2 0 0 23.2/27 22.2 0.8 25.2/22 7.3 2.8 2.8/2 14.8 1.8 0

PANCHKHAL 21.2 133.9 2 1 0 0 15.8/27 24.1 0.7 27.7/22 7.6 0.9 2.3/2 15.8 0.8 0

NAGARKOT 1.4 7.7 1 0 0 0 1/4 15.2 0.6 19/28 5.0 0.7 1/1 10.1 0.6 0

DHUNCHE 39.6 89.6 5 2 0 0 21.2/27 14.5 - 17.5/23 4.8 - 2/1 9.7 - 0

JIRI 46.9 410.9 5 3 0 0 16.3/27 16.4 0.5 21.4/28 2.4 1.9 -0.5/5 9.4 1.2 0

SINDHULI MADHI 16.5 63.2 2 1 0 0 14.8/27 25.8 2.0 30.3/28 10.4 0.5 6/4 18.1 1.3 1

JANAKPUR AIRPORT 1.2 10.5 1 0 0 0 1.2/27 M M M M M M M M M

JALESORE 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 21.9 -4.0 24.5/23 9.4 -2.8 7/19 15.6 -3.4 0

MANTHALI 20.0 - 1 1 0 0 20/27 26.5 - 30/24 10.2 - 6/2 18.3 - 3

OKHALDHUNGA 13.9 98.7 2 0 0 0 9.6/27 18.6 1.7 23.4/28 7.8 0.7 4/1 13.2 1.2 0

KHOTANG BAZAR 7.3 59.8 2 0 0 0 4.2/26 M M M M M M M M M

LAHAN 11.0 103.1 2 1 0 0 10/22 26.3 0.8 30.5/28 12.2 1.1 7/1 19.3 1.0 1

RAJBIRAJ 11.5 113.3 1 1 0 0 11.5/22 25.4 -1.8 30/28 13.7 2.2 7.5/1 19.5 0.2 1

CHAINPUR (EAST) 10.5 56.6 2 0 0 0 7.3/27 21.9 1.6 27.5/28 8.9 0.1 5.5/1 15.4 0.8 0

DHANKUTA 7.0 45.1 1 0 0 0 7/27 22.1 2.9 26.5/28 10.2 1.1 5/1 16.1 2.0 0

DHARAN BAZAR 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 26.7 - 31.8/28 15.2 - 10.5/1 20.9 - 3

TERHATHUM 9.8 58.8 1 0 0 0 9.8/27 20.3 - 24.5/28 6.8 - 3.5/1 13.5 - 0

BIRATNAGAR AIRPORT 5.5 41.7 1 0 0 0 5.5/22 27.3 1.2 31.7/28 12.2 1.1 5.5/1 19.7 1.2 3

TAPLEJUNG 24.7 87.0 4 1 0 0 13/27 18.0 2.4 21.8/28 7.4 1.5 4.6/3 12.7 1.9 0

ILAM TEA ESTATE 12.0 69.6 1 1 0 0 12/27 20.1 1.9 24/28 7.8 -3.0 3.5/1 14.0 2.2 0

PHIDIM (PANCHTHER) 10.9 56.8 1 1 0 0 10.3/27 23.0 1.8 27.5/28 10.6 2.4 6.1/1 16.8 2.1 0

GAIDA (KANKAI) M M M M M M M 27.4 0.7 33/28 11.0 0.6 6.5/1 19.2 0.7 5

Remarks: -- = Normal not available M = Data not available

Rainfall recorded on a day is the total 24 hour rainfall from the previous day 8:45 am till 8:45 am of that day.

PRELIMINARY MONTHLY WEATHER DATA

February 2015

Stations

PRECIPITATION TEMPERATURE

To

tal (m

m)

% o

f N

orm

al

No. of Rainy Days

24h

rs E

xtr

em

e R

ain

fall

& D

ate

Maximum ( °C ) Minimum ( °C ) Mean ( °C )

No

.of

Days w

ith

maxim

um

tem

pera

ture

≥ 30°C

Fig: 5 Temperature Monitoring in Terai Region (February 2015)

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11-F

eb

16-F

eb

21-F

eb

26-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Dhangadhi

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

5-F

eb

9-F

eb

13-F

eb

17-F

eb

21-F

eb

25-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomaly

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11-F

eb

16-F

eb

21-F

eb

26-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Simara

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11-F

eb

16-F

eb

21-F

eb

26-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Simara

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

5-F

eb

9-F

eb

13-F

eb

17-F

eb

21-F

eb

25-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Biratnagar

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11-F

eb

16-F

eb

21-F

eb

26-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Biratnagar

Dhangadhi

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11-F

eb

16-F

eb

21-F

eb

26-F

eb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Maximum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

1-F

eb

6-F

eb

11

-Feb

16

-Feb

21

-Feb

26

-Feb

Tem

pera

ture

anom

aly

(°C

)

Day (Month)

Daily Minimum temperature anomaly Bhairahawa