Preliminary model payloads for the Ganymede Lander and the

Relay orbiter

7 March, 2013

Laplace-Ganymede lander mission

Oleg Korablev, korab@iki.rssi.ru

• Detailed reconnaissance from JUICE for choosing the Ganymede Lander landing site

• Landing using (ESA) Visual Navigation System IF AVAILABLE• OR a Lander robust against severe surface roughness IF POSSIBLE• Telecommunication via JUICE, IF LOGISTICS PERMIT

Dedicated Ganymede orbiter for TELECOMMUNICATION, additional meter-scale mapping of the selected landing site and (some limited) SCIENCE

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JUICE Relay OrbiterGanymede Lander

Ganymede Lander Mission: play safe !

• Form (an ambition of) direct search for life on Europa to determining the habitability of Ganymede: Traces of life might have reached the surface IN THE PAST– Establishing geophysical and chemical context for habitability – Lander is to provide ground truth for remote measurements and

enhance the detection limits

• Orbiter: – Landing site selection (in addition to high-resolution mapping from

JUICE)– To complement JUICE (2-points observations, radioscience, etc.)– Other Jupiter system investigations, in particular those not included in

JUICE– Cruise investigations

Objectives

• Ocean– Crust depth– Salinity– Composition – …

• Habitability– Ice composition– Search for paleolife– …

• Environment

Science Themes

• Internal structure – Crust/ocean depth– Core size– …

• Surface– Regolith/ice

composition– Conditions– …

• Exosphere • Magnetosphere

OR OR…

Instrument Conditions Composition Habitability Prototype Mass(estimated)

Seismometer OPTIMISM/Mars 96 495g +electronics

Magnetometer MMO Bepi Colombo 770g

TV camera set CIVA/Rosetta; Phobos 11 1200g

Optical microscope Beagle-2; Phobos 11 300g

IR spectroscopy No direct prototype;

technique well established

(2000g)

IR close-up spectrometer

CIVA/RosettaMicrOmega/ExoMars (1000g)

GCMS

GAP/Phobos 11; COSAC/Rosetta (5000g)

Wet chemistry set (option 1) Urey/ExoMars1 2000g

Immuno-arrays (option 2) SOLID/ExoMars1 (1000g)

Raman spectroscopy RAMAN-LIBS/ExoMars1 1100g2

Laser-ablation MS LASMA/Phobos 11 1000g

XRS (TBD) No prototype (2000g)

Various sensors MUPUS/Rosetta 2350g

Radiation dose RADOM/Chandrayaan-1 100g

20315gLargely applicable to Ganymede? No account for aux systems

Europa Lander Model Payload

• A set of instruments on the Lander– Assume max mass of instruments and aux systems of 50 kg

(cf talk Maxim Martynov) to include: • instruments; • sampling device(s);• Deployment• Data handling• Radiation protection for instruments out of common compartment

• Penetrator(s)

Ganymede Surface Science

• T surf = 103K average• Acceleration = 0.13 g• Orb. period = 3.55 d• Regolith thickness largely unknown, several

meters reworked and refrozen• Sublimated uppermost layer of few mms,

below 1 cm

• To be released from the orbit• Mass 5-15 kg• Payload <2 kg

Penetrators

• Set of context instruments– Panoramic camera (stereo, filters or color) mast– Various sensors (temperature, conductivity, radiation, etc)

• Geophysical package– Magnetometer boom– Radioscience– Seismometer/gravimeter/tiltmeter

• Geochemistry– Contact (GCMS, Raman, XRD/XRS, …) robotic arm, sample preparation,

close-up camera– Remote (IR spectroscopy, LIBS) mast

• Environment– MS for atmosphere– Plasma/wave, ENA, Ion spectrometer

Lander instruments/systems

• Robotic arm with sampling device 3-5 kg – Heritage: Phobos-Grunt, Luna-Resource– Chomic-type perforator 1.4kg, heritage Rosetta– Scoop/sampling cylinder– Dedicated context and close-up cameras (mass ~ 500g) – 1-2 instruments (mass ~500 g)

• Drilling proposal: 10kg/400 mm depth – Heritage Luna 16

• Common sample preparation system for GCMS, XRD, etc ???– Heritage ExoMars/Pasteur

• Mast for Camera/LIBS/IR spectrometer – Periscope or some instruments outside?– Stereo camera (type Luna Lander, or other)– High-resolution camera (Type ExoMars)?– LIBS– IR spectrometer (type LIS, or ISEM)

• Magnetometer boom ~1.5 m• Data handling system

Lander instruments/systems

• Magnetometer (talk Auster)– mass within 1 kg – Deployment : boom!

• Radioscience– USO or phase conservation retransmitter 0.85 kg (talk Rosenblatt)– Ka-band communications (talk Gregnanin)

• Seismometer– No need for a state-of-the-art Mars-type device– Two-axis– Mass: <2 kg (?)– Deployment required or placement on the foot suffice?

• Gravimeter/tiltmeter 1.4 kg (talk Karatekin)• GPR (active or passive) (talks Hamelin/Przyklenk)

Geophysical package

• GCMS (talk Gerasimov)– Large MASS and POWER (5 kg/50 W) – Sample preparation

• LIBS (talks Pavlov, Kameda) mass likely 2-3kg– Remote– Only the upper few millimeters sounded regolith, altered, depleted in

volatiles• Raman

– Incompatible with a “remote” LIBS ?– High diagnostic potential – Possible complement of GCMS

• Laser ablation MS: element analysys• XRD/XRF: structure/element analysis

Surface composition/extinct life

• Magnetometer• MS for atmosphere

– MS from GCMS should be able to sound the atmosphere– Or a separate INMS?

• Plasma/wave set– Is a combination with GPR possible?

• ENA• Ion spectrometer

Environment

Instrument Conditions Composition Habitability Prototype Mass(estimated)

Seismometer/gravimeter/tiltmeter

OPTIMISM/Mars 96Luna-Resurce ~2000 g +shield

Magnetometer MMO Bepi Colombo 770g +boom

GPR ? 1000g

Mast 2000 gTV camera set

ExoMars, Luna Globe 1200g + mast +

shield

IR spectroscopy LIS Luna-Resource, ISEM ExoMars 1400 +shield?

LIBS ChemCam Curiosity 3000 (?)g +shield

Robotic arm + sampling 3500 gOptical microscope Beagle-2; CUPI/ExoMars 500g + shield

GCMS

GAP/Phobos 11; COSAC/Rosetta 6000g

XRD/XRF ExoMars XRD 1400g

Environmental package APX/ MER

Various sensors, electronic block

Rosetta, Luna Resource, 2500g

Radiation dose RADOM/Chandrayaan-1 100g

~25 000 g

An attempt to compile a model payload

• Reconnaissance– Full mapping from JUICE– Landing sites/target areas– WAC+HRC– Meter resolution required

• Magnetometer– Boom of several meters!

• Radioscience• Plasma/particle package (+cruise)• Dust detector/monitor (+cruise)• Some other investigations complementing/not included in

JUICE payload

Orbiter Payload

• A modest wish-list is already likely incompatible with the resources• (Much) more iterations and discussions are necessary • Proposed lander design is incompatible with the Mast, and likely many of

environment investigations: could a smaller Ka-band high-gain antenna solve the problem?

Proposal for the Discussion:To form few dedicated groups on science payloads• “Geophysics”• “Composition/Past or Present Habitability”• “Environment”• Landing siteAnd to compile papers accordingly for the ASR

Concluding remarks