preliminary analysis of water chemistry for select northwest ......2017/10/19 · preliminary...
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Preliminary analysis of water chemistry for select Northwest Arkansas caves
Nathan Wentz1 and Michael Slay2
1Arkansas Department of Environmental Quality, North Little Rock, Arkansas, United States 2Arkansas Field Office, The Nature Conservancy, 601 North University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
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Background
NWA predicted to in top 100 MSA
~60 endemic species
NE OK, SW MO,
NW AR
Limited historic
water quality data
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Objective
• Develop baseline water quality
• Compare available historical data
• Evaluation of non-endangered aquatic species
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Methods
Site Selection
• Reviewed ~30 cave systems in Benton, Madison, and Washington counties
• Ranked by Species of Greatest Conservation Need
• Caecidotea ancyla, C. steevesi, Cambarus aculabrum, Stygobromus ozarkensis, S. clantoni, Eurycea spelaea
• All ranked S1, S2, or unranked
• State, NGO, or federal protection
• Accessibility
• Eight selected
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Methods Water quality
Anions (bromide, chloride, fluoride, sulfate)
Nutrients (NH3,TKN, N02-N03, ortho-P, TP)
Turbidity
TSS/TDS
Metals (Al-V)
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Preliminary Results
• Land use
• Water quality
• Comparison to historic data
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Land Use NLCD 2011 Wshd. Size
(km2) % Developed % Forest % Pasture
Cave Springs Cave 49 42 6 51
Logan Cave 30 4 44 52
Bear Hollow Cave 9 17 75 8
Blowing Springs Cave 2.5 27 71 3
Civil War Cave 8 47 6 47
Trib. Brush Creek 9 28 3 69
Bear Hollow Cave Civil War Cave
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0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Tota
l Ph
osp
ho
rus
(mg
/L)
Percent Developed
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0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%
Tota
l Ph
osp
ho
rus
(mg
/L)
Percent Forest
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13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Tem
pe
ratu
re (
C )
Percent Developed
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Cave Springs Cave
40 month (1997-1999)*
12 month (2016-2017)
Change
Temperature (C) 14.5 15.5
pH 6.9 6.85
Nitrate-Nitrite Nitrogen (mg/L) 5.62 4.77
Chloride (mg/L) 7.9 7.37
Sulfate (mg/L) 3.54 4.03
Ortho-phosphate (mg/L) 0.03 0.04
Spec. Conductance (uS/cm) 330 353.5
*Graening, G.O. and A.V. Brown. 2003. Ecosystem dynamics and pollution effects in an Ozark cave system. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. December 2003. pp. 1497-1507.
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Future work • Identify biological collections and evaluate relationships of
organism density to water quality
• Delineate three remaining recharge zones
• Collect water chemistry for additional 12 months
• Evaluate seasonality and flow conditions
• Evaluate land use changes through time
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Acknowledgments
Project funding supported through Arkansas State Wildlife Grant
J.Throneberry, M. Wine, J. Green