pregnancy & contraception
DESCRIPTION
Pregnancy & Contraception. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQwChXZqk6E&list=PLYkDg7ymNvkiqmsBBehqh89DTEFaRurK-&index=4. How Pregnancy Happens. Fertilization: One sperm penetrates one egg (ovum) Usually occurs in the outer third of the fallopian tube. How Pregnancy Happens. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Pregnancy & Contraception
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQwChXZqk6E&list=PLYkDg7ymNvkiqmsBBehqh89DTEFaRurK-&index=4
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How Pregnancy Happens
Fertilization:• One sperm penetrates one egg (ovum)• Usually occurs in the outer third of the fallopian
tube
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Fertilizations Occurs:1.Before Ovulation:
-Sperm can live for 2-5 days in the fallopian tubes. If the egg is released during the time that sperm is present, fertilization can occur
2.At Ovulation:-The egg is ready to be fertilized two hours after it is released
3.After Ovulation:-An egg can live for 1-2 days after it is released
How Pregnancy Happens
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After fertilization has taken place it takes the fertilized egg 3-5 days to move down the fallopian tubes. It then implants in the
upper portion of the uterus
How Pregnancy Happens
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Implantation:• Pre-embryo implants of attaches to the lining of
the uterus
How Pregnancy Happens
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Types of Birth Control• Chemical• Mechanical• Abstinence-based• Permanent
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Birth Control Pills
Category Chemical
How it works Prevents ovulation DOES NOT PREVENT STI's
Side effects Weight gain. Nausea. Don't use if over 35 & a smoker
% Effectiveness >99
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Birth Control Pills• taken daily
o INEFFECTIVE if a dose is missed
• prescription from doctor
• Hormones: thicken cervical mucus and prevent ovulationo progestino estrogen
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Spermicides: foam, jelly, cream
Category chemical
How it works Spermicidal barrier
Side effects may cause irritation
% Effectiveness 78
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Norplant
Category chemical
How it works Rods implanted in arm. Hormone released to prevent ovulation
Side effects Irregular bleeding
% Effectiveness >99
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Birth Control Shot• "Depo-Provera"• Prescription• 1 shot every 3 months• Hormone: Progestin• Effectiveness: ~99%
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Birth Control Vaginal Ring• 'NuvaRing'• Similar to birth control pills• ring inserted for 3 weeks, left out for 1• new ring then inserted• Effectiveness: 99%
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Birth Control Patch• Prescription• similar to birth control pills• 1 new patch a week for 3 week• 1 week off for menstruation• Effectiveness: 99%
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Condom
Category mechanical
How it works Rubber sheath over penis. Sperm barrier
Side effects Loss of sensation
% Effectiveness 85
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• Condoms are only 85% effective with PERFECT use
• Different varieties of condoms have different effectiveness:o Latex (Polyurethane)
condoms offer the best STI protection
o Lamb Skino Polyisoprene
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Diaphragm
Category mechanical
How it works Fitted by GYN. Sperm barrier used with jelly
Side effects May cause irritation
% Effectiveness 85
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IUD (Inter-Uterine Device)
Category mechanical
How it works Uncertain: may stop egg implantation
Side effects Initial discomfort. Irregular bleeding
% Effectiveness 97
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Sponge
Category Chemical and Mechanical
How it works Sperm barrier treated with spermicide
Side effects May cause irritation
% Effectiveness 85
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Total Abstinence
Category abstinence
How it works No intercourse
Side effects None
% Effectiveness 100
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Withdrawal
Category abstinence-based
How it works-Ejaculation occurs outside the
vagina-STI's can still be passed
Side effects None
% Effectiveness <75
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Rhythm
Category Abstinence- based
How it works No sex during ovulation-STIs still possible
Side effects None
% Effectiveness <75
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Tubal Ligation
Category Permanent
How it works Fallopian tubes cut and tied. Egg cannot reach uterus
Side effects Initial discomfort
% Effectiveness >99
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Vasectomy
Category Permanent
How it works Vas Deferens cut and tiedNo sperm in semen
Side effects Initial discomfort
% Effectiveness >99
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Exit TicketQuestion: What is the only birth control
method that ensures 100% against pregnancy?
Journal: Comment on the media/society's perceptions of birth control and/or sexual abstinence