Pregnancy and Pregnancy and Fetal NutritionFetal Nutrition

Placenta DevelopmentPlacenta Development

Develops in early days of pregnancyDevelops in early days of pregnancy Amniotic sac- “bag of water”Amniotic sac- “bag of water” Umbilical cord- route of nourishment and Umbilical cord- route of nourishment and

oxygen oxygen Performs respiratory, absorptive, and Performs respiratory, absorptive, and

excretory functionsexcretory functions

Energy NeedsEnergy Needs

300 extra calories during 2300 extra calories during 2ndnd and 3 and 3rdrd trimestertrimester

More: teenagers, underweight, More: teenagers, underweight, physically activephysically active

Choose healthyChoose healthy

ProteinProtein

10g more daily than RDA10g more daily than RDA Most Americans get more protein than Most Americans get more protein than

neededneeded

Avoid supplementsAvoid supplements

Essential Fatty AcidsEssential Fatty Acids

Omega-3 and omega-6Omega-3 and omega-6 Brain growth, function, and structureBrain growth, function, and structure Include seafood in dietInclude seafood in diet

FolateFolate

Supplements, fortified foods, andSupplements, fortified foods, and FruitsFruits JuicesJuices Green vegetablesGreen vegetables Whole grainsWhole grains

.4 mg daily.4 mg daily Prevents neural tube defects (NTD)Prevents neural tube defects (NTD)

B12B12

Activates folate enzymeActivates folate enzyme MeatMeat FishFish EggsEggs Milk productsMilk products

IronIron

Supports enlarged blood volumeSupports enlarged blood volume Fetus draws from iron stores of mom to Fetus draws from iron stores of mom to

build its own build its own 4-6 months worth4-6 months worth

MeatsMeats Fortified grain productsFortified grain products

Enhancing Iron Enhancing Iron AbsorptionAbsorption

Take supplement during 2Take supplement during 2ndnd and 3 and 3rdrd trimestertrimester

Do not take with milk, coffee or tea Do not take with milk, coffee or tea Inhibits iron absorptionInhibits iron absorption

Take with Vitamin C rich foodsTake with Vitamin C rich foods

ZincZinc

DNA / RNA synthesisDNA / RNA synthesis Protein synthesis, cell developmentProtein synthesis, cell development Dairy products, beans, whole grain Dairy products, beans, whole grain

cerealscereals

Vitamin DVitamin D

Calcium absorptionCalcium absorption Rickets in fetusRickets in fetus Exposure to sunlightExposure to sunlight Vitamin D fortified milkVitamin D fortified milk

CalciumCalcium

Need more than 600 mg dailyNeed more than 600 mg daily MilkMilk Cheese Cheese YogurtYogurt Can take supplementCan take supplement

Nutrient SupplementsNutrient Supplements

Multivitamin recommended Multivitamin recommended High risk groupsHigh risk groups

Multiple fetusesMultiple fetuses Cigarette smokersCigarette smokers Alcohol and drug abusersAlcohol and drug abusers

Help reduce:Help reduce: Preterm delivery, low birth weights, birth Preterm delivery, low birth weights, birth

defectsdefects

Good Eating During Good Eating During PregnancyPregnancy

Milk Group- 3 servingsMilk Group- 3 servings Meat Group- 3 servingsMeat Group- 3 servings Fruit Group- 3 servingsFruit Group- 3 servings Vegetable Group- 4 servingsVegetable Group- 4 servings Bread Group- 9 servingsBread Group- 9 servings Fats, Oils, Sweets- use sparinglyFats, Oils, Sweets- use sparingly

1 Day Menu1 Day Menu

Create a 1 day menu for a pregnant woman Create a 1 day menu for a pregnant woman and follow the serving recommendations and follow the serving recommendations

Your menu must include:Your menu must include: BreakfastBreakfast LunchLunch Afternoon SnackAfternoon Snack DinnerDinner Bedtime SnackBedtime Snack

Be sure to include color illustrationsBe sure to include color illustrations