Prefixes & SuffixesPrefixes & Suffixes

PrefixesPrefixes

Prefixes are groups of letters placed before Prefixes are groups of letters placed before words or roots to create new words.words or roots to create new words.

We will introduce some common prefixes, We will introduce some common prefixes, and also the sample vocabulary.and also the sample vocabulary.

a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, as-, at-a-, ac-, ad-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, as-, at- to, toward, near, in addition toto, toward, near, in addition to Example1: a + side =Example1: a + side = aside (adverb): to or toward the side aside (adverb): to or toward the side Example2: a +Example2: a +wakewake==awake (verb):stop sleepinawake (verb):stop sleepingg Example3: ac+com+modate= Example3: ac+com+modate= accommodate(verb): provide lodging or room for somebodyaccommodate(verb): provide lodging or room for somebody Example4: ac+com +pan+y =Example4: ac+com +pan+y = accompany(verb): walk or travel with somebodyaccompany(verb): walk or travel with somebody Example5: ad+dict= Example5: ad+dict= addict(noun): person who is unable to stop taking drugs, alcohol, etcaddict(noun): person who is unable to stop taking drugs, alcohol, etc Example6: ad+dress= Example6: ad+dress= address(noun): details of where a person lives, work, etcaddress(noun): details of where a person lives, work, etc Example7: af+fair= Example7: af+fair= affair(noun): thing to be done; concern; matteraffair(noun): thing to be done; concern; matter Example8: af+fect= Example8: af+fect= affect(verb): have an influence on something or somebodyaffect(verb): have an influence on something or somebody Example9: ag+ain=Example9: ag+ain= again(adverb): once more; another timeagain(adverb): once more; another time Example10: ag+gess+ive= Example10: ag+gess+ive= aggessive(adject): apt or ready to attack; offensive; quarrelsomeaggessive(adject): apt or ready to attack; offensive; quarrelsome Example11: al+arm = Example11: al+arm = alarm(noun): warning sound or signalalarm(noun): warning sound or signal Example12: al+bum = Example12: al+bum = album(noun): book in which a collection of photographs, stamps, etcalbum(noun): book in which a collection of photographs, stamps, etc Example13: ap+ology =Example13: ap+ology =apology(noun): statement to say one is sorry for having done wrongapology(noun): statement to say one is sorry for having done wrong Example14: ap+parent=Example14: ap+parent= apparent(adjective): clearly seen or understand; obviousapparent(adjective): clearly seen or understand; obvious Example15: as+pect= Example15: as+pect= aspect(noun): particular part or feature of something being consideredaspect(noun): particular part or feature of something being considered Example16: as+pire=Example16: as+pire= aspire(noun): desire strongly to achieve somethingaspire(noun): desire strongly to achieve something Example17: at+tack=Example17: at+tack= attack(verb): make an attack on something or somebodyattack(verb): make an attack on something or somebody Example18: at+tain= Example18: at+tain= attain(verb): succeed in getting somethingattain(verb): succeed in getting something

a-, an- a-, an- not, not, withoutwithout Example1: an + em + ia = Example1: an + em + ia = anemia (noun): the condition (disease) of not having enough red blood anemia (noun): the condition (disease) of not having enough red blood

cells cells Example2: an + alysis =Example2: an + alysis = analysis(noun):study of somethinganalysis(noun):study of something

ab-, abs- ab-, abs- away from, off away from, off Example1: ab + solve = Example1: ab + solve = absolve (verb): to be set free from one's actions or obligationsabsolve (verb): to be set free from one's actions or obligations Example2: ab + sent = Example2: ab + sent = absent (verb): not be presentabsent (verb): not be present

ante- ante- beforebefore Example1: ante + rior = Example1: ante + rior = anterior (adjective): before or near the front anterior (adjective): before or near the front Example2: ante +tenatal =Example2: ante +tenatal = antenatal (adjective): existing or occurring before birthantenatal (adjective): existing or occurring before birth

anti- anti- against against Example1: anti + path + y = Example1: anti + path + y = antipathy (noun): dislike, opposite feeling antipathy (noun): dislike, opposite feeling Example2: anti + -aircraft =Example2: anti + -aircraft = anti-aircraft (adjective): designed to destory enemy aircraftanti-aircraft (adjective): designed to destory enemy aircraft

auto- auto- selfself Example1: auto + mot + ive = Example1: auto + mot + ive = automotive (adjective): related to self-propelled machinesautomotive (adjective): related to self-propelled machines Example2: auto + bio + graphic =Example2: auto + bio + graphic = autobiographic (adjective): of concerning autobiographyautobiographic (adjective): of concerning autobiography

bi- bi- two two

ExampleExample 1 1: bi + ped = : bi + ped = biped (noun): a two-biped (noun): a two-footed animalfooted animal

ExampleExample 2: bi + centen+ ary =2: bi + centen+ ary = bicentary bicentary (noun): a two-hundredth anniversary(noun): a two-hundredth anniversary

cat-, cata-, cath- cat-, cata-, cath- down, withdown, with Example 1: cat + ch = catch (verb): stop and hold a moving object in the

hands Example 2: cat+ ch + y = catchy (adjective): pleasant and easy to

remember Example 3: cata + clysm = cataclysm (noun): sudden violent change or

disaster Example 4: cata + logue = catalogue (noun): complete list of items Example 5: cath + ar+sis = catharsis(noun): release of strong feelings

through the effect of art Example6: cath + olic = catholic (adjective): including many or most things

circum- around ExampleExample 1 1 : circum + vent = : circum + vent = circumvent (verb): to manage to get around circumvent (verb): to manage to get around

a situation a situation ExampleExample 22 : circum + spect = : circum + spect = circumspect( adjective): considering circumspect( adjective): considering

everything carefully beforeeverything carefully before actingacting

CC22

co-, cog-, col-, com-, con-, cor- co-, cog-, col-, com-, con-, cor- together, with together, with Example1: co+ -author=Example1: co+ -author= co-author(noun): somebody who writes a book, article, etc withco-author(noun): somebody who writes a book, article, etc with

another personanother person Example2: co+de=Example2: co+de= code(verb):put or write in codecode(verb):put or write in code Example3: cog+nate =Example3: cog+nate = cognate(adjjective): having the same source or orgin as another onecognate(adjjective): having the same source or orgin as another one Example4 : cog+itate=Example4 : cog+itate= cogitate(verb): think deeply about somethingcogitate(verb): think deeply about something Example5: col+lapse=Example5: col+lapse= collapse(verb): fall down or in suddenlycollapse(verb): fall down or in suddenly Example6: col+lar= Example6: col+lar= collar(noun): band, upright or folded over, round the neck of a shirtcollar(noun): band, upright or folded over, round the neck of a shirt Example7: com+bat= Example7: com+bat= combat(noun): fight or fighting between two people, armies, etccombat(noun): fight or fighting between two people, armies, etc Example8: com+bine= Example8: com+bine= combine(verb): join or mix together to form a wholecombine(verb): join or mix together to form a whole Example9: Example9: con+ceit=con+ceit=conceit(noun): excessive pride in oneself or in one’s powers, abilities, etcconceit(noun): excessive pride in oneself or in one’s powers, abilities, etc Example10:con+cen+trate= Example10:con+cen+trate= fous excusively and intensely on somethingfous excusively and intensely on something Example11:cor+res+pond=Example11:cor+res+pond= correspond(verb): contradict something or each othercorrespond(verb): contradict something or each other Example12: cor + rect = Example12: cor + rect = correct (verb): make something right or accuratecorrect (verb): make something right or accurate

contra- contra- against, opposite against, opposite Example1: contra + dict Example1: contra + dict = = contradict (verb) to state the opposite contradict (verb) to state the opposite Example2: contra+c+tion= Example2: contra+c+tion= contraction(noun): contracting or being contractecontraction(noun): contracting or being contracte

de- de- to do the opposite, to take away fromto do the opposite, to take away from ExampleExample 1:de+bat+able= 1:de+bat+able= debatable(adjective): not certain; open to debatable(adjective): not certain; open to

question;arguablequestion;arguable ExampleExample 2 2: de + cre + ase =: de + cre + ase = decrease (verb): to grow smaller, to become decrease (verb): to grow smaller, to become

less less di-, dif-, dis- di-, dif-, dis- apart, separate, two, opposite, notapart, separate, two, opposite, not ExampleExample 1 1: di + vide =: di + vide = divide (verb): to separate into two or more parts divide (verb): to separate into two or more parts ExampleExample 2: di + li +gent=2: di + li +gent= diligent(adjective): showing care and effect; diligent(adjective): showing care and effect;

hard-workonghard-workong ExampleExample 3:3: dif +fer =dif +fer = differ(verb): not be the same; be unlikediffer(verb): not be the same; be unlike ExampleExample 4:4: dif +fi+cult= dif +fi+cult= difficult(adjective): requiring effort or skill; not difficult(adjective): requiring effort or skill; not

easyeasy dis- dis- not, opposite of, excludenot, opposite of, exclude ExampleExample 1 1: dis + trust = : dis + trust = distrust (verb): to have no confidence or trustdistrust (verb): to have no confidence or trust ExampleExample 2: dis + like =2: dis + like = dislike(verb): not likedislike(verb): not like

ex- ex- out, out of, from out, out of, from ExampleExample 1: ex+act= 1: ex+act= exact(verb): demand and enforce the exact(verb): demand and enforce the

paymentpayment ExampleExample 2: ex+alt= 2: ex+alt= exalt(verb): make somebody higher in exalt(verb): make somebody higher in

rank or greater in powerrank or greater in power

en-, em- en-, em- put intoput into ExampleExample 1 1: em + pow + er = : em + pow + er = empower (verb): to give power, empower (verb): to give power,

to put into powerto put into power ExampleExample 2: em + bark = 2: em + bark = embark(verb): go or be taken on embark(verb): go or be taken on

board a ship or an aircraftboard a ship or an aircraft ExampleExample 3: en + case =3: en + case = encase(verb): surround or cover encase(verb): surround or cover

something with a casesomething with a case ExampleExample 4: en + dange =4: en + dange = endager(verb): cause dangerendager(verb): cause danger

epi- epi- upon, beside, over upon, beside, over ExampleExample 1: epi + logue = 1: epi + logue = epilogue (noun): the epilogue (noun): the

concluding section of a play or literary workconcluding section of a play or literary work ExampleExample 2: epi + sode =2: epi + sode = episode (noun): event episode (noun): event

occurring as part of events as in a novel, etcoccurring as part of events as in a novel, etc

extra- extra- beyond beyond ExampleExample 1: extra + ordin + ary = 1: extra + ordin + ary = extraordinary extraordinary

(adjective): going beyond normal (adjective): going beyond normal ExampleExample 2: extra + -curricular =2: extra + -curricular = extra-extra-

curricular(adjective): outside the regular course of curricular(adjective): outside the regular course of work or studies at school or collegework or studies at school or college

il-, im-, in-, ir, il-, im-, in-, ir, not, in not, in Example1: il + leg + ible = Example1: il + leg + ible = illegible (adjective): cannot be read illegible (adjective): cannot be read Example2: il + leg + al = Example2: il + leg + al = illegal(adjective): against the lawillegal(adjective): against the law Example3: im+ mature = Example3: im+ mature = immature(adjective): not sensible in behaviour or in immature(adjective): not sensible in behaviour or in

controlling feelingscontrolling feelings Example4: im + moral= Example4: im + moral= immoral(adjective): not following accepted standards of immoral(adjective): not following accepted standards of

moralitymorality Example5: in+ take= Example5: in+ take= intake(noun): process of taking liquid, gas, etc into a intake(noun): process of taking liquid, gas, etc into a

machine,etcmachine,etc Example6: in + flame = Example6: in + flame = inflame(verb): make other feel angryinflame(verb): make other feel angry Example7: ir + re + cover + able = Example7: ir + re + cover + able = irrecoverable(adjective): cannot be recoverirrecoverable(adjective): cannot be recover Example8: ir +re+duci+ble=Example8: ir +re+duci+ble=irreducible(adjective):irreducible(adjective): cannot be reducedcannot be reduced inter- inter- between, amongbetween, among Example1: inter + ject = Example1: inter + ject = interject (verb): to throw something (usually a comment) interject (verb): to throw something (usually a comment)

between other things between other things Example2: inter+ national = Example2: inter+ national = international(adjective): excisting beween two or more international(adjective): excisting beween two or more

nationnation intro- into intro- into Example: intro + spect + ion = Example: intro + spect + ion = introspection (noun): to look into one's own thoughts introspection (noun): to look into one's own thoughts

and feelings and feelings Example2: intro + duce = Example2: intro + duce = Introduce(verb): make someone known formally to someone Introduce(verb): make someone known formally to someone

elseelse

MM mal- mal- badbad ExampleExample 1 1: mal + funct + i: mal + funct + ion = on = malfunction (noun): when something does malfunction (noun): when something does

not work properlynot work properly ExampleExample 2 2: mal + ic +ious = : mal + ic +ious = malicious(adjective): intended to harm othermalicious(adjective): intended to harm other

mis-mis- wrongwrong ExampleExample 1 1: mis + con + duct : mis + con + duct == misconductmisconduct (noun): wrong doing, bad behav(noun): wrong doing, bad behav

iorior ExampleExample 2 2: mis + take = : mis + take = mistake(noun): wrong idea or opinionmistake(noun): wrong idea or opinion

multi- multi- many many ExampleExample 1 1: multi + ply = : multi + ply = multiply (verb): to increase in numbermultiply (verb): to increase in number ExampleExample 2 2: multi + cultural = : multi + cultural = multicultural(adjective): including people of multicultural(adjective): including people of

several different races, religions or national traditionseveral different races, religions or national tradition

non- non- not, nonot, no

ExampleExample 2 2: non + sense = : non + sense = nonsense (noun): nonsense (noun): something that has no meaning or makes no something that has no meaning or makes no sensesense

ExampleExample 2 2: non+ descript =: non+ descript = nondescript(noun, nondescript(noun, adjective): without a distinctive character and adjective): without a distinctive character and so not easily classifiedso not easily classified

ob-, oc-, of-, op- ob-, oc-, of-, op- toward, against, in the waytoward, against, in the way Example: ob + tain = Example: ob + tain = obtain (verb): to gain or get, to get a hold of obtain (verb): to gain or get, to get a hold of Example2: ob + ey =Example2: ob + ey =obey(verb): do what one is told or obliged to do by obey(verb): do what one is told or obliged to do by

somebodysomebody Example3: oc + cas + ion = Example3: oc + cas + ion = occasion(verb): particular time; suitable or right occasion(verb): particular time; suitable or right

time; opportunitytime; opportunity Example4: oc + cupa +tion =Example4: oc + cupa +tion = occupation(noun): action of occupying; state of occupation(noun): action of occupying; state of

being occupiedbeing occupied Example5: of + fend =Example5: of + fend = offend(verb): cause somebody to feel upset or angryoffend(verb): cause somebody to feel upset or angry Example6: of + fer = Example6: of + fer = offer(verb): put forward something to be considered and offer(verb): put forward something to be considered and

accepted or refused; presentaccepted or refused; present Example7: op + in + ion =Example7: op + in + ion = opinion(noun): belief or judgement not necessarily opinion(noun): belief or judgement not necessarily

based on factbased on fact Example8: op + po+ site = Example8: op + po+ site = opposite(adjective): having a position on the other opposite(adjective): having a position on the other

side; facingside; facing

over- over- excessive, aboveexcessive, above Example: over + work = Example: over + work = overwork (verb): to have too much workoverwork (verb): to have too much work Example2: over + rall = Example2: over + rall = overall(adverb): including everything; on the whole; overall(adverb): including everything; on the whole;

generallygenerally

PP para-para- besidebeside ExmapleExmaple11: para + dox = : para + dox = paradox (noun): a statement that seems true and contradictory at the paradox (noun): a statement that seems true and contradictory at the

same timesame time ExampleExample22: para + normal =: para + normal = paranormal(adjective): unable to be explained scientifically or paranormal(adjective): unable to be explained scientifically or

rationalrational

per- per- through through ExampleExample11: per + secute = : per + secute = persecute (verb): to go after, to pursuepersecute (verb): to go after, to pursue Example2: per + fect =Example2: per + fect = perfect(noun): perfect tenseperfect(noun): perfect tense

post- post- afterafter ExampleExample11: post + pone = : post + pone = postpone (verb): to put off to a later time, to delaypostpone (verb): to put off to a later time, to delay Example2: post + graduate = Example2: post + graduate = postgraduate(adjective): done after taking a first degreepostgraduate(adjective): done after taking a first degree

pre-pre- before before Example: pre + cede = Example: pre + cede = precede (verb): to go before, to come in front ofprecede (verb): to go before, to come in front of Example2: pre + dict = Example2: pre + dict = predict(verb): say in advance that will happen; forecastpredict(verb): say in advance that will happen; forecast

pro- pro- for, foward for, foward Example: pro + pel =Example: pro + pel = propel (verb): to push forward propel (verb): to push forward Example2: pre + dict = Example2: pre + dict = predict(verb): say in advance that will happen; forecastpredict(verb): say in advance that will happen; forecast

re- re- back, again back, again Example: re + ad + mit =Example: re + ad + mit = readmit (verb): to allow in readmit (verb): to allow in

again again Example2: re + act = Example2: re + act = react(verb): behave differently react(verb): behave differently

or chande as a result of somethingor chande as a result of something

retro- retro- backward backward Example: retro + spect = Example: retro + spect = retrospect (noun) to look retrospect (noun) to look

back at past eventsback at past events Example2: retro + act +tive =Example2: retro + act +tive = retroactive(adjective): retroactive(adjective):

effective from a past dateeffective from a past date

SS se- se- apart, move away fromapart, move away from Example: se + cede =Example: se + cede = secede (verb): to withdraw from an organizationsecede (verb): to withdraw from an organization

semi- semi- half half Example: semi + annu + al =Example: semi + annu + al = semiannual (adjective): occurring twice a year semiannual (adjective): occurring twice a year

sub-, suc-, suf-, sup-, sur-, sus sub-, suc-, suf-, sup-, sur-, sus under, beneath, near, from below, secretly, above, upunder, beneath, near, from below, secretly, above, up Example: sup + port =Example: sup + port = support (verb): to hold up, too keep upsupport (verb): to hold up, too keep up

super- super- over, aboveover, above Example: super + im + pose = Example: super + im + pose = superimpose (verb): to place something on top of superimpose (verb): to place something on top of

something else something else

syn-, sym- syn-, sym- together, at the same time together, at the same time Example: sym + path + y =Example: sym + path + y = sympathy (noun): sharing another person's feelings, sympathy (noun): sharing another person's feelings,

compassion compassion

trans- trans- across, beyond, change across, beyond, change ExampleExample 1 1: trans + form = : trans + form = transform (verb): to transform (verb): to

change shape change shape ExampleExample 2: trans + fer =2: trans + fer = transfer(verb): move transfer(verb): move

something/somebody from one place to anothersomething/somebody from one place to another tri- tri- three three ExampleExample 1 1: tri + pod =: tri + pod = tripod (noun): a three-legged tripod (noun): a three-legged

standstand ExampleExample 2: tri + angle =2: tri + angle = triangle(noun): geometric triangle(noun): geometric

figure with three straight sides and three anglesfigure with three straight sides and three angles

un-un- not, against, oppositenot, against, opposite Example: un + ceas + ing = Example: un + ceas + ing = unceasing (adjective): unceasing (adjective):

never ending, continuous never ending, continuous Example2: un + able =Example2: un + able = unable(adjective): not having unable(adjective): not having

the ability, opportunity or authority to do somethingthe ability, opportunity or authority to do something uni- uni- oneone Example: uni + form = Example: uni + form = uniform (adjective): having uniform (adjective): having

the same form or consistancythe same form or consistancy Example2: uni + fy =Example2: uni + fy = unify(verb): form something unify(verb): form something

into a single unit or make uniforminto a single unit or make uniform

SuffixesSuffixes

A suffix follows the end of a word and forms A suffix follows the end of a word and forms a new word.a new word.

Some common suffixes will be introduced Some common suffixes will be introduced and the sample vocabulary will be given.and the sample vocabulary will be given.

A(1)A(1) -acy, -cy -acy, -cy state or qualitystate or quality Example 1: immediacy =Example 1: immediacy = (Noun): the state of something seem real and important(Noun): the state of something seem real and important Example 2: accuracy =Example 2: accuracy = (Noun)the state of correct and exact(Noun)the state of correct and exact

-age-age 1.activity, or result of action1.activity, or result of action Example: courage =Example: courage = (Noun) : having the spirit to overcome fear (Noun) : having the spirit to overcome fear 2.cause to be2.cause to be Example: graduateExample: graduate = = (Verb): to give a degree to, to pass from one stage to the next (Verb): to give a degree to, to pass from one stage to the next

-al -al action, result of actionaction, result of action Example 1 : international Example 1 : international ==(Adj) involving more than one country(Adj) involving more than one country Example 2 : medical =Example 2 : medical = (Noun)an examination of your body by a doctor to find out i (Noun)an examination of your body by a doctor to find out i

f you are healthyf you are healthy

A(2)A(2) -an -an personperson Example: african = Example: african = (Noun) : a person of or from Africa(Noun) : a person of or from Africa

-ance, -ence -ance, -ence action, state, quality or processaction, state, quality or process Example 1 : performance =Example 1 : performance = (Noun) : the action of entertainin(Noun) : the action of entertainin

g othersg others Example 2 : violence = Example 2 : violence = (Noun) : actions or words which are i(Noun) : actions or words which are i

ntended to hurt peoplentended to hurt people

-ancy, -ency -ancy, -ency used to form nouns showing a state or qualityused to form nouns showing a state or quality Example 1: de + pend + ent = Example 1: de + pend + ent = dependen(Noun)t: a thing suppodependen(Noun)t: a thing suppo

rted by another, a thing determined by anotherrted by another, a thing determined by another Example 2: frequency = Example 2: frequency = (Noun):(Noun): the number of times somethinthe number of times somethin

g happens within a particular periodg happens within a particular period

A(3)A(3) -ate -ate 1.action, resulting state1.action, resulting state Example: educate = Example: educate = (Verb) to teach someone(Verb) to teach someone 2.kind of state2.kind of state Example: in + viol + ate = Example: in + viol + ate = inviolate(Adj) : not disturbed, pureinviolate(Adj) : not disturbed, pure

-able, -ible -able, -ible worth, abilityworth, ability Example 1 : available = Example 1 : available = (Adj)able to be obtained, used, or reached(Adj)able to be obtained, used, or reached Example 2 : in + cred + ible = Example 2 : in + cred + ible = incredible(Adj): not able to be believed, amazingincredible(Adj): not able to be believed, amazing

-ial, -ical -ial, -ical quality, relationquality, relation Example 1 : territ + or + ial = Example 1 : territ + or + ial = categorical(Adj): related to a category, aboslute categorical(Adj): related to a category, aboslute Example 2 : economical = Example 2 : economical = economical(Adj): not using a lot of fuel, money, etceconomical(Adj): not using a lot of fuel, money, etc

-ar, -ary -ar, -ary resembling, related to resembling, related to Example 1 : spectac + ul + ar = Example 1 : spectac + ul + ar = spectacular (Adj): related to something that is eye-catchinspectacular (Adj): related to something that is eye-catchin

g or amazing g or amazing Example 2 : primary = Example 2 : primary = primary(Adj): more important than anything else; mainprimary(Adj): more important than anything else; main

-dom -dom place, state of beingplace, state of being

Example 1 : wis + dom = Example 1 : wis + dom = wisdom(Noun) : powisdom(Noun) : possessing knowledgessessing knowledge

Example 2 : free + dom = Example 2 : free + dom = the condition or rigthe condition or right of being able or allowed to do, say, think, etht of being able or allowed to do, say, think, etc.c.

-er, -or -er, -or 1.person or thing that does something1.person or thing that does something Example 1 : speaker = Example 1 : speaker = speaker(Noun): someone who speaks a particular languagespeaker(Noun): someone who speaks a particular language Example 2 : col + lect + or = Example 2 : col + lect + or = collector(Noun): a person who collects or gathers thincollector(Noun): a person who collects or gathers thin

gsgs 2.action2.action Example 1 :pond + er = Example 1 :pond + er = ponder : to think about ponder : to think about Example 2 : col + lect + or = Example 2 : col + lect + or = collector(Noun): : a person who collects or gathers thicollector(Noun): : a person who collects or gathers thi

ngs ngs

-en -en 1.to cause to become1.to cause to become Example: moist + en = Example: moist + en = moisten(Verb) : to cause to become moist or dampmoisten(Verb) : to cause to become moist or damp 2.material2.material Example: silk + en : Example: silk + en : silken(Adj) :made from silk, a fiber produced by wormssilken(Adj) :made from silk, a fiber produced by worms

-ful -ful 1.an amount or quanity that fills1.an amount or quanity that fills Example: mouth + ful = Example: mouth + ful = mouthful(Noun) : an amount that fills mouthful(Noun) : an amount that fills

the mouth the mouth 2.having, giving, marked by2.having, giving, marked by Example: fanci + ful = Example: fanci + ful = fanciful(Adj) : marked by imagination fanciful(Adj) : marked by imagination

-fold -fold in a manner of, marked byin a manner of, marked by Example 1 : four + fold = Example 1 : four + fold = fourfold(Adv) : being four times as gfourfold(Adv) : being four times as g

reat reat Example 2 : mai + ni + flod = Example 2 : mai + ni + flod = manifold(Adj): many and of sevemanifold(Adj): many and of seve

ral different types:ral different types:

-ian, an -ian, an related to, one that isrelated to, one that is Example 1 : ped + estr + ian =Example 1 : ped + estr + ian = pedestrian (Noun) : a pedestrian (Noun) : a

person who walksperson who walks Example 2 : hum + an = Example 2 : hum + an = human(Noun) : a personhuman(Noun) : a person

-ia -ia names, diseasesnames, diseases Example 1 : phob + ia = Example 1 : phob + ia = phobia(Noun) : an illogical phobia(Noun) : an illogical

fear of somethingfear of something Example 2 : anaemia = Example 2 : anaemia = a medical condition in which a medical condition in which

there are not enough red blood cells in the bloodthere are not enough red blood cells in the blood

-ing -ing 1.material made for, activity, result of an activity1.material made for, activity, result of an activity Example: swim(m) + ing =Example: swim(m) + ing = swimming(Noun): the activity of sswimming(Noun): the activity of s

wimming or moving through water wimming or moving through water 2.present participle2.present participle Example:de + pict + ing = Example:de + pict + ing = depicting (Verb) : showing, descridepicting (Verb) : showing, descri

bing with images or picturesbing with images or pictures

-ion -ion condition or actioncondition or action Example 1 : ab + duct + ion =Example 1 : ab + duct + ion = abduction(Noun) : the action oabduction(Noun) : the action o

f carrying someone away by forcef carrying someone away by force Example 2 : col + lect + ion =Example 2 : col + lect + ion = collection(Noun) : when sometcollection(Noun) : when somet

hing is taken away from a placehing is taken away from a place

-ism -ism doctrine, belief, action or conductdoctrine, belief, action or conduct Example 1 : form + al + ism = Example 1 : form + al + ism = formalism(Noun) : a belief in formalism(Noun) : a belief in

sticking to prescribed forms or artistic stylessticking to prescribed forms or artistic styles Example 2 : feminism =Example 2 : feminism = feminism(Noun) : the belief that wofeminism(Noun) : the belief that wo

men should be allowed the same rights, power and opportunitimen should be allowed the same rights, power and opportunities as menes as men

-ist -ist person or memberperson or member Example 1 : pod + iatr + ist = Example 1 : pod + iatr + ist = podiatrist(Noun) : a foot doctopodiatrist(Noun) : a foot docto

r r Example 2 : tourist =Example 2 : tourist = tourist(Noun) :someone who visits a platourist(Noun) :someone who visits a pla

ce for pleasure and interestce for pleasure and interest

-ish -ish having the character ofhaving the character of Example 1: new + ish = Example 1: new + ish = newish(Adj) : modern, recent newish(Adj) : modern, recent Example 2 : Example 2 : Irish =Irish = Irish(Noun) : people from IrelandIrish(Noun) : people from Ireland

-ive, -ative, -itive -ive, -ative, -itive having the quality ofhaving the quality of Example 1: sens + itive = Example 1: sens + itive = sensitive(Adj): easily felt, responsivsensitive(Adj): easily felt, responsiv

e to the senses e to the senses Example 2 : alterative =Example 2 : alterative = alterative (Adj):Tending to restore to alterative (Adj):Tending to restore to

normal healthnormal health Example 3 : sens + itive = Example 3 : sens + itive = sensitive(Adj): easily felt, responsisensitive(Adj): easily felt, responsi

ve to the sensesve to the senses

-less -less without, missingwithout, missing Example 1 : mot + ive + less = Example 1 : mot + ive + less = motiveless(Adj) : withomotiveless(Adj) : witho

ut a reason for someone to do something ut a reason for someone to do something Example 2 : end + less = Example 2 : end + less = endless(Adj) : never finishes endless(Adj) : never finishes

or seems never to finishor seems never to finish

-ly -ly in the manner ofin the manner of Example 1 : flu + ent + ly = Example 1 : flu + ent + ly = fluently(Adv) : marked by fluently(Adv) : marked by

ease of movement, effortlessly smoothease of movement, effortlessly smooth Example 2 : pri + est + ly =Example 2 : pri + est + ly = priestly(Adj) : relating to priestly(Adj) : relating to

or like a priestor like a priest

-ment -ment condition or resultcondition or result Example 1: docu + ment = Example 1: docu + ment = document (Noun) : an official papedocument (Noun) : an official pape

r usually showinf proof or evidence of something r usually showinf proof or evidence of something Example 2 : man + age + ment =Example 2 : man + age + ment = management(Noun) : the conmanagement(Noun) : the con

trol of the way an organization operatestrol of the way an organization operates

-ness -ness state, condition, quality state, condition, quality Example 1: kind + ness = Example 1: kind + ness = kindness(Noun) : the quality of beinkindness(Noun) : the quality of bein

g kind or nice g kind or nice Example 2 : fit + ness = Example 2 : fit + ness = fitness(Noun): the physical fitnessfitness(Noun): the physical fitness

-or -or condition or activity condition or activity Example 1 : val + or = Example 1 : val + or = valor(Noun) : bravery, courage valor(Noun) : bravery, courage Example 2 : su + per + i +or =Example 2 : su + per + i +or = superior(adjective) : better than average or better thsuperior(adjective) : better than average or better th

an other people or things of the same typean other people or things of the same type

-ory -ory place for, serves forplace for, serves for Example 1 : territ + ory = Example 1 : territ + ory = territory(Noun) : an area around a place territory(Noun) : an area around a place Example 2 : fact + ory =Example 2 : fact + ory = factory(Noun): a building or set of buildings whefactory(Noun): a building or set of buildings whe

re large amounts of goods are made using machinesre large amounts of goods are made using machines

-ous, -eous, -ose, -ious -ous, -eous, -ose, -ious having the quality of, relating tohaving the quality of, relating to Example 1 : ad + vent + ur + ous = Example 1 : ad + vent + ur + ous = adventurous(Adj) : charcterized by the adventurous(Adj) : charcterized by the

desire to seek new experiences or risks desire to seek new experiences or risks Example 2 : cl + ose = Example 2 : cl + ose = close(Adj) : having direct family connections or shaclose(Adj) : having direct family connections or sha

red beliefs, support and sympathyred beliefs, support and sympathy Example 3 : serious = Example 3 : serious = serious(Adj) : severe in effect; bad serious(Adj) : severe in effect; bad

-ship -ship having the rank, position, skill or having the rank, position, skill or relationship of the stated typerelationship of the stated type

Example 1: re + lat + ion + ship = Example 1: re + lat + ion + ship = relationship relationship (Noun) : the state of being related or (Noun) : the state of being related or connected to something or someone connected to something or someone

Example 2 : friend + ship = Example 2 : friend + ship = when two people when two people are friendsare friends

-ure -ure act, condition, process, functionact, condition, process, function

Example 1:ex + pos + ure = Example 1:ex + pos + ure = exposure(Noun) : exposure(Noun) : the condition of being exposed or unprotected the condition of being exposed or unprotected

Example 2 : fail+ ure = Example 2 : fail+ ure = failure(Noun) : when sfailure(Noun) : when someone or something does not succeedomeone or something does not succeed

Example 3 : procedure =Example 3 : procedure =procedure (Noun) : a procedure (Noun) : a set of actions which is the official or accepted set of actions which is the official or accepted way of doing somethingway of doing something

-ward -ward in a direction or mannerin a direction or manner

Example: home + ward = Example: home + ward = homeward(Adv) : tohomeward(Adv) : toward home ward home

-wise-wise in the manner of, with regard to in the manner of, with regard to

Example: Example: time + wise = timewise(Adverb): witime + wise = timewise(Adverb): with regard to timeth regard to time

YY

-y -y 1.state, condition, result of an activity1.state, condition, result of an activity

Example: soci + et + y = Example: soci + et + y = society(Noun) : compsociety(Noun) : companionship anionship

2.marked by, having2.marked by, having

Example: hungr + y = Example: hungr + y = hungry(Adj) : having huhungry(Adj) : having hunger, marked by a desirenger, marked by a desire

Here is Here is an exercise an exercise for our classmates to learn for our classmates to learn more about Prefixes & Suffixesmore about Prefixes & Suffixes..

1. ab-, abs- 1. ab-, abs- A. aroundA. around 2. bi- 2. bi- B. not, noB. not, no 3. circum- 3. circum- C. away from, offC. away from, off 4. dis- 4. dis- D. beforeD. before 5. extra- 5. extra- E. wrongE. wrong 6. intro- 6. intro- F. excessive, aboveF. excessive, above 7. mis-7. mis- G. two G. two 8. non- 8. non- H. not, opposite of, excludeH. not, opposite of, exclude 9. over- 9. over- I. intoI. into 10. pre- 10. pre- J. beyondJ. beyond

SuffixesSuffixes 1.1. –an –an AA.. Noun: person Noun: person 2. –ism 2. –ism B.B. Verb: causeVerb: cause 3.-ment 3.-ment C. Adjective: superlativeC. Adjective: superlative 4.-ory 4.-ory D. Noun: doctrine, beliefD. Noun: doctrine, belief ,,action or conductaction or conduct 5. -ize 5. -ize E.E. Adjective: having the Adjective: having the quality of, relating toquality of, relating to 6.6. -able, -ible -able, -ible F. Noun: condition or resultF. Noun: condition or result 7.-est 7.-est G. Adverb: in the manner ofG. Adverb: in the manner of 8.8. -less -less H. Noun: place for, serves forH. Noun: place for, serves for 9.9. -ous, -eous, -ose, -ious -ous, -eous, -ose, -ious I.I. Adjective: without, missing Adjective: without, missing 10. -ly 10. -ly J. Adjective: worth, abilityJ. Adjective: worth, ability

PrefixesPrefixes

1.C 2.G 3.A 4.H 5.J 6.I 7.E 8.B 9.F 1.C 2.G 3.A 4.H 5.J 6.I 7.E 8.B 9.F 10.D10.D

SuffixesSuffixes

1.A 2.D 3.F 4.H 5.B 6.J 7.C 8.I 9.E 1.A 2.D 3.F 4.H 5.B 6.J 7.C 8.I 9.E 10.G10.G