Preconception Health

• Annual Gynecologist Visits• Nutrition/Exercise - ↑ caloric intake by ___• STI Prevention/Treatment• Drug/Alcohol Abuse/Use– ______________________– small head, wide

spaced eyes, heart problems, etc.• _________- ↑ intake to help avoid Spina

Bifida

Fertilization & Implantation• Sperm reach egg within ___________• Fertilization usually occurs ______________• 24-30 hours after fertilization genetic material is

joined, forming _______• 36 hours – 2 cells• 48 hours – 4 cells• 4 days – ___________• 7-8 days after fertilization, the blastocyst can attach

to the endometrium• Fetus at ________

Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy

• Amenorrhea- _____________________• Change in Breast Tissue– _______________________

• Increased __________ of Urination• Fatigue

Signs & Symptoms Continued

• Moodiness• Quickening – ____________________• Braxton-Hicks Contractions – _________________• Acid Reflux – ______________________• Appetite/cravings

Doctor’s Observations

• Change in Reproductive Organs– _______________________

• Fetal Heart Beat Fetal monitor– ____________________

• Fetal Movements• Fetal Outline• Gender Determination It's a boy

Laboratory Tests

• Urine or Blood Testing• Home Pregnancy Tests Doctor will confirm• What do they test for?– ___________________________

• When is the baby due?

Prenatal Care

• A woman should see her doctor after the second missed period– __________– pregnancy, sugar, & protein– Blood Test – pregnancy, RH factor, __________________________________

• Nutrition • ______ using any hormonal contraceptive

methods • Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, drugs

Common Disorders

• ________ _______• Leg Cramp• Varicose Veins• __________________• Flatulence

• ______________• Palpitations • Fainting• Drug and Food

Sensitivity• ____________• Hemorrhoids

Danger Signals During Pregnancy

• Vaginal bleeding• Manifestations of toxemia– ____________ – protein in urine, high BP, swelling

in hands/feet that doesn’t clear– Eclampsia – next stage – ___________________________________________

• Labor contractions• Amniotic Sac breaking• Lower fetal kick count – _____________

Complications

• __________ - Before 25 wks• Premature Birth - ___________________• ________________– Fertilized egg in FT• Placenta Previa – Placenta too low• Premature Placenta Separation – placenta

___________________from uterus• Placenta Abruption – _____________________________

Amniotic Sac

• Also known as ___________• At delivery the sac contains 1-2 quarts of fluid– Helps _________________________– Cushions fetus– Provides a medium – At ________fetal respiration occurs• What is this? – __________

– Amniocentesis – 15-17 wks, taken to check for any _______________

Placenta

• Organ that transports nutrition and oxygen from mother to fetus and transports waste products from fetus to mother– _______ – Food substances to fetus, stores nutrients– Respiration – Brings ___, takes away _____– ______ – Filters out ________ (not viruses) – Hormones – _______, progesterone, gonadotropin

(maintain pregnancy)– _____ – keeps mother’s and _________ blood separate

(blood does not mix)

Umbilical Cord

• Connects the Fetus and ________• Develops at ________• Long semitransparent “rope” containing one

vein and two arteries• Surrounded by jelly-like substance to protect it• What passes through?– Viruses, medications/drugs, alcohol, nicotine, hormones,

etc.

1st Trimester• Weeks 1-12• Zygote – __________• __________ – multi-celled at 4 days, implanted

within 8 days• Embryo – ___________________• At the end of 2nd month-1.2 inches long, the head

represents half of the embryo’s bulk and ____________(eyes, ears, nose, lips, tongue) are present

• The third month – It is now a _____, is about 3 inches, and has nails and genitals can be seen.

2nd Trimester• Beginning of the 4th month• ______ month is the time for the ________ amount

of fetal growth• Quickening begins – What is this?

• End of the 5th month – _____– Head hair and ________________

• The fetus sleeps, wakes, and has preferred body positions

• In the 6th month the body is covered with ____ ____, the eyes become ___________, and it can hear

uterine sounds.

3rd Trimester• The baby begins to position itself for _____• The fetus is much more baby like• By the end of the 7th month the baby can survive

_______________• At the end of the 8th month the fetus is over __ ____, skin redness, and wrinkles lessen.• The _____ reach the end of fingers and toes.• Between week 38-40 the head is _________ _____and the fine hair has almost disappeared being

replaced by vernix (waxy substance)

Different Types of Birth

• _________ –• Caesarean – can be ________ or planned,

reasons?• _______ – Baby’s _____________1st

• Multiple Births– ________ – 1 egg, 1 sperm, Can be same or separate ___– Fraternal – 2 __________________and AS

• _____________– start contractions or break water

Labor

• Begins due to hormonal changes• Early signs– _________ – uterus drops ↓, ______ before

delivery– ______ levels off or ↓ in last 2 wks– Nesting – “setting up the house”

• Actual signs– AS breaking ______________– The appearance of “show”– Contractions ↑ in _________________

Stage One

• Dilation of Cervix– _________of cervix occurs due to the uterine

contractions– Starts with the first contractions– Ends when the cervix is _____

Stage 2

• Actual Delivery of baby– Crowning– __________ – can be done to enlarge vaginal

openingStage 3

Delivery of afterbirth

Apgar Test

• ______________ after birth• The baby is tested on the following and given

a score. 10 is the highest, 7 is determined to be healthy– ___________– Respiration– Muscle tone– ______________– Color