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Page 1: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Exploration

Page 2: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Precedent for Exploration and Expansion• Alexander the Great• Roman Empire• Ming Dynasty (China)• Vikings• Crusades• Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Page 3: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Timeline

• Period of intense exploration• Following exploration is colonization• Periods is from 1400s-1700s

Page 4: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Motives

• Spread the Faith• Expand Knowledge• Economic and Trade• Historian J.M. Roberts Answer

Page 5: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Early Explorations

• Portuguese and Spanish dominated international exploration in 15th and 16th centuries• Portuguese mostly explored eastward

(Africa and Asia)• Spain united by Isabel and Ferdinand in

1482• Begin exploring westward (Americas)• Christopher Columbus

Isabel and Ferdinand

Page 6: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

North America

• English and French become major power players in the 16th and 17th centuries • Main focus in 16th century South

America• 1497 John Cabot• 1534 Jacques Cartier • 1583 First English Colony• 1603 First French Colony

Page 7: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

The Jesuits and the Asian

Missions

Page 8: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Ignatius of Loyola

• Born in Spain in 1491• Injured in battle• Converted in recovery• Saw his calling to be a soldier of God• Founded Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1540

Page 9: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Focuses of the Jesuit Order

• Spiritual Discernment• Obedience to the Pope (Fourth Vow)• Contemplative Action

Page 10: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Missionary Activities

• Mandate of Matthew 28• Challenge of understanding foreign cultures• Challenge of evangelizing foreign cultures• Discovery of foreign cultures raises

questions about salvation

Page 11: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Jesuit Approach to other Cultures

• Uphold what is virtuous in other cultures• Work with previous evangelization• Primordial Revelation

Page 12: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Mission in India

• Portuguese reach India in 1498• By 1510, establish colonies• Portuguese turn to Jesuits for support• Send Fr. Francis Xavier• Xavier arrives in Goa in 1541• Spends remainder of his life in Asia• Dies in 1552

Page 13: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Catholicism in the Americas

Page 14: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Missionaries in South America

• Jesuits, Franciscans, Dominicans• Spanish formed alliances through marriage with

Natives• Jesuits embraced enculturation• Converted pre-Christian religious sites to churches• Turn sun worship into Eucharistic worship• Monstrance

Page 15: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Missionaries in North America

• Norse Catholics arrive in 11th century• France arrives with Catholic Presences in 15th

century• Jesuits and Récollets • Jesuits enculturate while Récollets try to

Europeanize

Jesuit Father, Jean de Brebeuf

Page 16: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Catholicism in a Protestant Empire

• 1759, New France conquered by English• 1774, Quebec Act • British allow Catholics to exist in their Empire• Catholics have equality to Protestants• Some tensions in some parts of the country• In the long run, creates greater tolerance• English and French have to cooperate• 1847, Irish immigrants come over

Page 17: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Westward Missions

• In 18th century, Jesuits move westward• Spread the faith in the prairies• Missions Canada

Page 18: Precedent for Exploration and Expansion Alexander the Great Roman Empire Ming Dynasty (China) Vikings Crusades Ottoman Empire Alexander the Great

Social Impact on Canada

• No formal separation between Church and State• Collective Rights• Church built up infrastructure• Religious orders also established social

safety nets

The Legacy of Catholic Institutions in Canada