PRE-SCIENTIFIC MOVEMENT

Brenda

Florence

Gloria

Suriati

called pre-scientific approach because

there is no requirement for the test

designer to possess an expertise, skills

(language testing specialty such as

statistics, reliability, validity studies, etc.)

the theoretical bases, and knowledge when

constructing the test.

Assumes that one can and must rely on

the subjective judgment. E.g: Language

testing through conversation, reading

essay.

Described as intuitive, subjective,

unspecific test. (Madsen, 1983, McNamara,

2000, McNamara & Roever (unknown) and

Weir, 2005).

No specific skill or expertise in testing is

required.

Lack of concern for statistical

considerations or for such notions as

objectivity and reliability.

the test lacks concern with making

fair, consistent and correct decisions

difficult to be scored objectively

Translation tests developed

exclusively by classroom teachers.

Prone towards biasness of culture

and literature.

Due to its lacking in objectivity and

reliability, new approach is introduced which

is called Psychometric Structuralist

Movement.

However, this movement has no end in

language teaching and testing because its use

is depending on the needs which specific

academic contexts demand.

language testing in this era is regarded as

an art rather than as a science.

REFERENCE

http://www.hrmars.com/admin/pics/1299.pdf

http://www.onestopenglish.com/support/methodology/

teaching-approaches/teaching-approaches-the-grammar-

translation-method/146493.article

www.languagetesting

.info/articles/store/FulcherCLT.pdf

http://www.slideshare.net/IdaMantra/communicative-

language-testing-27139940