Pre-Injection Assessment of Time-Lapse Seismic Repeatability at the

Aquistore CO2 Storage Site

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Overview of the Aquistore CO2 storage site Data acquisition Time-lapse repeatability results

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CO2 Capture CO2 Injection

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Power Generation

Capture Plant

Surface-based

Regional 3D seismic survey

Geological characterization

Baseline & time-lapse (?)

Permanent seismic array

Time-lapse imaging

Electrical/electromagnetic

Gravity

Passive seismic (broadband & short period array)

InSAR

GPS

Tiltmeters

Groundwater & Soil gas monitoring

Plume

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Down-hole

Cross-well seismic & VSP

Cross-well & surface-to-downhole electrical monitoring

Real-time P & T

Passive seismic

Fluid sampling

Time-lapse logging

Distributed Acoustic/Temperature Sensors (DAS/DTS)

Heater cable

Gravity

Designed for: (1) project/plume monitoring; (2) public assurance; (3) research objectives

Deformation

Leakage

In Situ

Aquistore Project Timeline

Sep-11

Mar-12

Nov-12

Apr-13

Groundwater, Soil Gas,

Passive Seismic

Permanent & Baseline 3D

Seismic

Injection Well

Site/Funding Agreements

H2O Injection Test

Observation Well

Baseline VSP, Monitor II 3D

Seismic

Aug-12

Today

GPS, Tiltmeters

InSAR, Piezometers

Crosswell Seismic, Monitor I 3D

Seismic

Nov-13

Site characterization Baseline Surveys

CO2 Injection

2014

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Goals of permanent array:

improve repeatability

demonstrate sparse array imaging

provide passive monitoring capability

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Midale Beds Watrous “Red Beds”

Prairie Evaporite

Precambrian

Deadwood Formation

Colorado Shale

Depth: 3.4km

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630 geophones Covers ~5 km2

20m depth Rx lines 144m In-line 72m

260 shots Covers ~6 km2 1 kg Dynamite 15m depth Sx lines 288m In-line 144m

Baseline – March, 2012 Monitor I – April, 2013 Monitor 2 – Nov, 2013

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Baseline Monitor 1

Dataset Equalisation (Common source/receivers) Trace Editing Amplitude Scaling Surface Consistent Amplitude Balancing Bandpass Filtering Surface Consistent Deconvolution Bandpass Filtering Refraction Statics (Common velocity model) Surface Consistent Residual Statics NMO Correction (Common velocity model) CDP Stacking Explicit FD 3D post stack migration

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Raw Stack Migrated

Reservoir

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Baseline Monitor 1 Difference

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𝒏𝑹𝑴𝑺 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒔 𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆: 𝟎 − 𝟐

Kragh and Khristie, 2002

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Cross-Equalised Raw Migrated

nRMS=0.09 nRMS=1.13 nRMS=0.13

Roach et al. 2015 Geophysics – in review White et al. 2015 Geophysics – in review

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Monitoring Activities: Lisa Roach (GSC), S. Samsonov (CCRS), M. Craymer (CCRS), B. Roberts (GSC), J. Henton (CCRS), M. Czarnogorska, J. Silliker (CCRS), Tom Daley (LBNL), Michelle Robertson (LBNL), Chevron

Management: Petroleum Technology Research Centre (Kyle Worth, Neil Wildgust, Aleana Young, Joseph Lazlo)

Operations: Sask Power, Schlumberger Carbon Services (Jared Lee Walker, Marcia Couëslan, Bob Will, Wade Zaluski)

Science & Engineering Research Committee: Rick Chalaturnyk (U Alberta), Chris Hawkes (U Sask), Ben Rostron (U Alberta), Jim Johnson (Schlumberger-Dole), Jim Sorensen (EERC), Don White (GSC)

Contractors: Western-Geco, RPS Boyd-PetroSearch, Geospace, Silixa, Sercel, Tesla

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Thank You

For Your Attention!