Pre-Class

• Guided Reading: Early Civilizations

Stone Age

Paleolithic Period, Mesolithic Period, and Neolithic Period

about 3 million years ago

Pre-Stone Age People

• Eastern Africa– gathered – may have hunted

Early Achievements

• Stone tools and weapons• Controlled fired• Language• Nomads: people who move place to place for

survival - hunted/adapted to climates• New clothing– Ice Age

1st Agricultural Revolution

• 10,000 years ago – river valleys• Learned to farm and domesticate animals– Food produces

• Effects– Permanent communities– Increased population– Development of government and religion– New technologies– Crash Course Agricultural Revolution Video

First Civilizations

Highly organized group of people with their own language and way of

living

Location

• Developed in river valleys– South Asia, East Asia, North Africa

Government

• Organized people for building projects– Palaces, irrigation systems

• Priest-Kings– Government and religion closely connected

Religion

• Priest-Kings– Priests alone knew ceremonies to please the god

• Connected to nature

Specialized Jobs

• Artisans – skilled craft workers– Weavers, metalworkers

• Merchants• Traders• Farmers

Social Classes

1. King2. Priests and Nobles – owned and controlled land

3. Government Officials and Merchants4. Farmers and Artisan– Majority

5. Slaves– Conquered people

Record Keeping

• System of writing– pictographs– records for taxes and religious purposes

Diffusion

• Inventions were borrowed, changed, and improved by other civilizations

• Civilizations thrived and advanced through diffusion

The World in 1300

Islamic Civilizations

• Spain to China• Trade brings wealth to..– Middle East– West African Kingdoms – Delhi Sultans in Northern India

China

• Mongols controlled trade routes (Silk Road)• Chinese technology

Empires in America

• Aztec and Incas

Europe

• Fringes of trade routes– Less developed than China, Middle East, India

because of limited trade and fighting

What made the Middle East, parts of West Africa, India, and China powerful

by 1300?• Trade– Trade brings wealth, benefits of diffusion and

power

Guided Reading Answers1. Developed better tools and weapons2. Learned to farm and domesticate animals3. Conditions favored farming4. Leaders of government and believed to speak directly

with gods5. Official needed to keep records6. Diffusion through travelers and traders7. Controlled Trade routes to the west8. Fringes of trade routes and fighting9. B 10. A 11. C