PD/December/2010/968

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PD/December/2010/970

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To Our ReadersTo Our Readers

WHERE EXCELLENCE GUIDES THE SUCCESS

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Year 5 Issue 54 December 2010

Dear Readers,

It is with a great sense of pleasure and satisfaction thatwe are presenting to you the December issue of your favouritemagazine ‘Pratiyogita Darpan’. As usual this issue of themagazine also contains useful examination-oriented readingmaterial. If you read it intelligently and with properunderstanding, it will certainly go a long way in enhancingyour knowledge to face any competitive examination infuture.

As it is traditional with us, we always try to know andunderstand the demands of our readers, their suggestionsand changes in the pattern of competitive examinations. Wetry to include them as far as possible. It makes the magazineuseful and to their liking. It is really encouraging for us thatour readers have unanimously endorsed the utility of themagazine, which, in their considered opinion, has no parallelin its field.

A number of core articles on important world eventscontributed by reputed authors are given in this issue. Someof the representative articles are : IBSA—An Emerging Forumfor South-South Cooperation, Changing Face of Indian Women,United States and Iran : Relations of Unease, etc.

The most important section of the Magazine contains anumber of question papers selected from various competitiveexaminations. These are fully solved with relevant hintsand clear-cut explanations. All efforts are made to give theirerror-free solutions. It is an additional speciality of themagazine. An intelligent study and practice of these paperswill be immensely useful in enhancing the knowledge of thereaders and their ability in solving objective questions inany future examination. We advise our readers to concentrateon these papers and get benefited in future.

We have been frequently reminding you to know thereal secret of success. We again assert that it lies in you, inyour enthusiasm, hardwork, determination, self-confidenceand above all in your will to succeed. The substance is thatit is you and you alone who can do it for being successfuland shape your future. An additional requisite for yoursuccess is proper guidance. This responsibility of giving youthe best guidance and reading material has been taken upby Pratiyogita Darpan which is all the time standing by youfor all that you require for your brilliant success.

Read Pratiyogita Darpan regularly and intelligently. Itgives you the power to master your career and shape yourdestiny.

With best wishes for your brilliant success and brightfuture.

Sincerely yours,

MAHENDRA JAIN

(Editor)

PD/December/2010/971

Regulars

970 To our Readers972 Editorial

News and Events

973 Nation this Month985 World this Month992 Regional News994 National and International Updates

Current Affairs

1004 Economic Scenario1013 Memorable Points

Career News1016 Employment and Career News1019 Forthcoming Competitive Examinations

Civil Services Examination

1020 Learn to Survive in New CSAT Culture

World Panorama

1023 (i) IBSA : An Emerging Forum for South-South Cooperation

1026 (ii) MDG Review Summit 2010 : Hope andDespair

Personality Development

1030 Communication is to Personality what Light isto BeautyInspiring Youth : Interviews

1031 Ashique Karattil Topper—Indian Economic Service 2009 (3rd Rank)

1033 Anurag Chaudhary Topper—Civil Services 2009 (34th Rank)

1036 Rahul Dwivedi Topper—Civil Services 2009 (40th Rank)

Articles

Civil Services Examination

1039 Aptitude and Ethical Decision-MakingEconomic and Social Development

1042 United Nations Summit on Millennium Deve-lopment GoalsSociological Articles

1045 Changing Face of Indian Women : From VedicPeriod to Modern AgeLegal Article

1047 Section 497 IPC Must be Amended

Career Article

1048 SSB : For Three Wings of the Armed Forces What ? How ? and Why ?Self-Motivations Article

1053 A Talisman for Civil Services’ AspirantsInternational Relations Article

1055 United States and Iran : Relations of UneaseEnvironmental Article

1058 Environment and Sustainable Development

Vividha

1061 CompendiumCountries of the World : At a Glance

1064 ItalyAnnual Report 2009-10

1066 Progress in Animal Husbandry, Dairying andFisheries : In a NutshellProfile : International Organisation

1069 Organisation for the Prohibition of ChemicalWeapons (OPCW)

1071 Current Questionnaire1073 Trade and Industry

Question Papers

Subjective Paper

1075 M.P. PSC (Mains) Exam., 2008 : General StudiesOptional Papers

1082 U.P. GIC Lecturer Screening Exam., 2009 : Civics(Political Science) and General Studies

1091 M.P. PSC (Pre.) Exam., 2009 : Economics1099 UGC-NET/JRF Exam., 2007 : Management

Other Papers

1102 Syndicate Bank P.O. Exam., 2010 : General Aware-ness

1106 National Defence Academy Exam., 2010 : GeneralStudies

1116 U.P. PCS Lower Subordinate Services (Pre.) Exam.,2008 : General Studies

1121 Oriental Insurance Company AAO Exam., 2010 :Reasoning Ability and General Awareness

1128 Bank of Baroda P.O. Exam., 2010 : QuantitativeAptitude

Your Pages

1133 Essay Contest1135 Debate Contest1137 Results1138 Sports World

Year 5

Issue 54

December 2010

PD/December/2010/972 “Tact is the ability to describe others as they see themselves.”

When talking about an indivi-dual’s responsibility, we often talkabout high philosophy, or religion ormysticism etc. We seldom think aboutthe day-to-day human problems.

Most people have become slavesof economic and monetary considera-tions. They would go to any length tomeet and fulfil these considerations.As such they lack freedom to thinkabout their future life, let aside theirconcern about the people who live inthe neighbourhood. In short, most ofus do not think about our responsi-bility and power to act for the welfareof the society at large. Let our youngmen and women go through theirbooks to see what they teach themabout their social responsibility. Uni-verse is the manifestation of Karmicforces of all its sentient beings. TheKarmic forces which are favourableto the laws of nature generate formswhich are in tune with the lifeprocess and a living universe createsa non-living universe in tune with it.Obviously our first responsibility isto work in tune with the life process,so that our Karmic force may createforms that are in tune with the uni-verse. This would be our contributiontowards universal harmony. If weexamine carefully the nature ofKarmic forces we create, we will seethat the same are not in tune with thelife process or the laws of nature. Weare often creating unfavourable forcesthrough anger, avarice, jealously,hatred etc. The result is constantconflict at all levels–with our ownself,with society and with all living beingsas well as with non-living beings.This has led to the evils like riots,wars, environmental pollution and anumber of fatal diseases and whatnot ? It is, therefore, our responsi-

bility number two, that we do notadd to the black or evil forces by ouractions which are against the laws ofnature and ethical behaviour. Weshould act according to what wepreach or expect from others to do.This is the acid test to know whetherour actions are creating favourableKarmic forces, or unfavourableKarmic forces. Our inner voice willtake no time to give the answer,regarding the type of forces we arecreating on a particular time or occa-sion. This is our duty number three.

This is an age of materialism andalmost all of us are led by economicand monetary considerations. Weknow that the miseries, fear, terroretc. are the result of collective blackforces. This is not easy to change orimprove. Goodness is a rare com-modity, which everyone wants othersto spend. It is not easy to change thisway of thinking, nor is it advisable towant for the collective transforma-tion.

Therefore, our fourth duty isto be more attentive to our ownapproach, rather than a collective onein order to regenerate ourselves. Ifindividuals integrate, then collectiveintegration or regeneration mayfollow as a corollary. Suppose a floodcarries away some persons, myselfincluded, what shall I do ? Shall Iwait for others to get to the shore ortry to reverse the current ? Surely,none of the two. Since, I have the willand ability to swim, so I shall swimtowards the shore. If persons at theindividual level try to come out of thecurrent of the evil forces things arebound to improve. In this way, eachone of you, my young readers, canattune himself or herself with the

nature and also put the universe intune with him/herself. This may beour fifth universal responsibility.Peep in your hearts if you are pre-pared to discharge this responsibility.This would go a long way in solvingthe problem of cultural and religiousintolerance, which gives rise to con-flict, division, inhuman conduct, andnow on the top of them all heinousmurders and terrorism in the nameof Jehad—the religious war and theworst form of it is terrorism whichseems to have engulfed the wholeworld. Everyone is anxious to give ita fight to the finish. The sixth res-ponsibility of our young men andwomen is to shed off prejudiceswhich give rise to intolerance, divi-sion and cut-throat competition. Theleast you can do in this regard is totake the examination with your fullpreparation and not to think to taketo unfair means or try for a short cutsuccess.

To put in short, to help thesociety, of course, without doing anyharm to yourselves, our young menand women may do the things tostart with viz., (i) be aware of theforces creating violence and terrorismand (ii) to remain disassociated fromsuch deeds as mean harm to othersand thereby lead to disharmony. Forthis you will have to develop a mindwhich is free to think for itself anddenies falsehood and ways of cut-throat competition. By doing so, youwill be doing your duty to theuniverse, in which you, too, areincluded. This is the duty of duties.This would make you an integratedand regenerated person. Bharat needssuch young men and women. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/973 “Whatever you are, be a good one.”

India, Germany Agree to take Business Partnership Forward

India and Germany have taken a new step forwardto boost trade and investments between the two countries.

Anand Sharma

Both the countries on October 10, 2010in Germany agreed on the establish-ment of a hotline between the com-merce and industry ministry in Indiaand the federal ministry of economicsand technology in Germany to facilitateresolution of any business-related visaissues that may arise from time totime.

Forging Ahead● Countries agree to establish hotline to facilitate resolution

of any business-related visa issues.● Also agreed on cooperating in multilateral trade for

combating protectionist tendencies.

The two sides also agreed on co-operating inmultilateral trade for combating protectionist tendenciesthat have emerged recently. This was the outcome of thethree-day visit of commerce and industry ministryAnand Sharma to Germany early in the second week ofOctober.

In Berlin, Mr. Sharma held a bilateral meeting withGerman federal minister of economics and technologiesRainer Bruderle, “We discussed about the hotline toresolve visa issues. We also shared the concern on thetrend of protectionism,” Mr. Sharma said.

Sharma also visited Dusseldorf and Berlin heading adelegation of CEOs under the banner of FICCI (Federationof Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry) empha-sized on the strategic partnership in innovation betweenIndia and Germany. Discussions focussed on taking Indo-German collaboration forward in key areas such asknowledge sectors like ICT, energy including renewableenergy, cutting edge technology including environmentaland green technology, life sciences and biotechnology,nano-technologies, small city and integrated townships,besides further enhancement of ongoing cooperation ininfrastructure, manufacturing and engineering.

Sharma suggested further strengthening of institu-tional linkages especially between economic research andpolicy institutes in India and their German counterparts.Such linkages could be established between institutessuch as German Institute of Economic Research in Berlin,the Ifo Institute of Economic Research in Munich, KielInstitute for World Economy and the Halle Institute ofEconomic Research Partners and, on the Indian side,the National Council of Applied Economic Research(NCAER), Indian Council for Research on International

Economic Relations (ICRIER), and the Gokhle Institute ofEconomic and Politics in Pune.

Sharma delivered a special address as part of theKonrad Adenauer Lecture Series on “An Emerging India :Expanding Economic Frontiers” at Humboldt University.

“Indian CEOs also held B2B meetings with theirGerman counterparts. Around 150 German businessmenattended these meetings. We’re happy with the dis-cussions and hopeful that it would translate into bigbusiness,” Ficci member and Hindustan Tin Worksmanaging director Sanjay Bhatia said.

Meanwhile, Sharma said India was likely to sign acomprehensive economic partnership agreement withMalaysia and Japan soon. This is likely to be signed whenPrime Minister Manmohan Singh visits these countriesfor bilateral talks.

Chinese Constructing Rail Link Upto Arunachal Pradesh

The Chinese fling surprises in international politicsin a manner that the world feels aghast. They are inuredto a way of life thatis clouded by clande-stine and surrepti-tious activities defy-ing proper compre-hension. The latestChinese move vis-a-vis India is its designof constructing raillink upto ArunachalPradesh. We herequote a press reportdetailing the same :

China recentlystarted work onextending its raillink in Lhasa to itsborder with Nepal,but for India it mightjust be a red herring.

In a develop-ment, which hasalarmed officials,Beijing is simultane-ously working onbringing its raillink right up toNyangtri—locatedon the border withArunachal Pradeshand an area thatChina claims as itsown.

PD/December/2010/974 “You cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by evading it today.”

Nyangtri is also the site where the Brahmaputra isproposed to be diverted northwards by the Chinese. TheChinese claim that the Nyangtri or Nyingchi prefectureincludes some parts of Arunachal Pradesh. China pro-poses to build the largest dam in the world at this spot.

While the line to Xigaze near Tibet's border withNepal will extend south-west from Lhasa, the line toNyangtri will extend towards Arunachal in the south-east. China proposes to build as many as six big dams inthe region on the Brahmaputra in addition to a dozen orso it has already constructed.

“There is no real evidence till now that Brahmaputrawaters have been diverted northwards by China, but themassive infrastructure build up at Nyangtri, includingthis rail link which they are working on, near the GreatBend doesn't inspire confidence,” said an Indian govern-ment official.

The Great Bend is the place, where the Brahmaputratakes a decisive turn and flows towards India.

Strategic affairs expert Brahma Chellaney describesthe rail links to Nyangtri as a significant new develop-ment. “The building of the railway to this area is signi-ficant because of two reasons : China has unveiled plansto construct the world's largest dam there which willbe more than twice as big as the Three Gorges Dam (nowthe world's largest), and also because it will strengthenChina's rapid military deployment capability in theeastern (Arunachal) sector,” said Chellaney, adding thatChina is in a position to rapidly move forces and equip-ment and strike at India whenever it wants.

China's focus on expanding its railway south ofLhasa is alarming also because of reports that for the firsttime earlier this year ‘combat readiness material’ meantfor the Chinese air force was transported to the regionthrough the Tibet rail link.

The PLA Daily recently reported that China con-ducted its first major parachute exercise in Tibet todemonstrate its capability to rapidly send troops on theworld's highest plateau.

New Dimensions of India, Vietnam Defence Cooperation

[Vietnam offers Maintenance Servicesfor Indian Warships]

Defence cooperation between India and Vietnamcharted out a new course when in a significant gesture,

Defence Minister AK Antony with hisVietnamese counterpart Gen PhungQuang Thanh in Hanoi on October 13,2010.

Vietnam offered, onOctober 13, 2010,repair and mainte-nance facilities forIndian warships atits ports, takingbilateral relations toa new high. After ameeting with IndianDefence MinisterAK Antony inHanoi, Vietnamese Defence Minister Gen. Phung QuangThanh welcomed more port calls by the Indian Navy and

offered maintenance and repair facilities for Indianwarship at Vietnamese ports.

This would extend an advantage to the Indian Navythat has been scaling up operations in the region,especially in South China Sea where several patrols havebeen carried out in the past few years. Vietnam isstrategically located in the region and has several seaports, including Hai Phong—located near the ChineseHainan island—that could be of great interest to India.

Hai Phong is possibly the nearest port made availablefor the Indian Navy to the Hainan island where thebiggest Chinese naval base in the region is located. Chinahas constructed a major naval base that includes anunderground facility that can hide the movement ofsubmarines from spy satellites.

The military facility, the nearest Chinese naval baseto India, is located barely 1,200 nautical miles from thestrategic Mallaca strait and provides access to the IndianOcean—a region that New Delhi considers its personalsecurity responsibility. In 2008, China deployed its newJin. class nuclear submarine, which is armed with 12nuclear tipped missiles, to Hainan.

Vietnam's offer came even as Antony announcedthat India would host a joint jungle and mountain warfareexercise with the country next year and New Delhi wouldhelp upgrade capabilities of the Vietnamese armed forces.

After meeting with the top Vietnamese leadershipincluding Gen. Phung Quang Thanh, Prime MinisterNguyen Tan Dung and the President Nguyen Minh Trietin Hanoi on October 14, Antony announced that Indiawould help enhance the capabilities of the Vietnameseforces in general and would focus on the Navy in par-ticular.

It may be recalled that India is already supplyingspare parts for the Petya-class of light frigates that areoperated by the Vietnamese Navy. India has alreadydecommissioned 11 of the Russian origin warships. Afterthe meeting of October 13, the Indian Navy will increaseits involvement to other types of warships, possiblyincluding maintenance of the new Kilo-class submarinethat Vietnam has ordered from Russia.

After the meeting, the Indian Defence Minister saidthat India will extend support to Vietnam to enhance andupgrade the capabilities of its armed forces in generaland the Navy in particular and emphasized that Indiawill help Vietnam in its capacity building for repair andmaintenance of its platforms.

Other DimensionsThere are other dimensions to defence cooperation

between the two countries. Besides the joint training inmountain and jungle warfare in India next year, theIndian Army will also impart Information Technology(IT) and English Training to Vietnamese Army personnel.Also, the two sides will work together towards develop-ing cooperation among defence institutes and establish-ing links for sharing experience and knowledge. TheIndian Defence Minister also stated that India will alsoshare its vast experience in UN Peace Keeping operatingwith Vietnamese forces.

PD/December/2010/976 “Tis better to be silent and be thought a fool, than to speak and remove all doubt.”

Enforcement Directorate (ED) to DiscloseBlack Money in Swiss Banks

In a major development towards bringing transparencyin the probe into black money stashed in swiss banks, theCentral Information Commissioner (CIC) has directed the EDto make public an estimate of the total amount of such moneyinvolved in its investigation.

Rejecting the contention of the directorate that it has beenexempted from making disclosures under the RTI Act, thecommission has held all such matters now investigated by EDcome within the definition of allegations of corruption and,hence, should be disclosed.

“The enforcement directorate can let the country know asto how much is the total sum of such money they are dealingwith in their current investigations. This figure can be arrivedat through the simple contrivance of aggregating the sums ofmoney in all such investigations currently underway,” thecommission held.

The bench, however, exempted the directorate fromdisclosing the nature of such investigations and names ofparties involved.

India Elected to Security Council as Non-Permanent Member

After 19 years, India was elected on October 12, 2010to the United Nations Security Council as a non perma-nent member.

India secured the backing of 187 of the 191 memberstates in the General Assembly. One member abstainedfrom the vote. The position will help India push moreaggressively for the Security Council reforms.

A founding member of the U.N. India has been onthe Security Council six times earlier, but not since 1992.In 1996, India lost to Japan by 100 votes. This time, how-ever, it has taken over the Asia seat from Japan. It wasthe sole candidate from the region, with Kazakhstanhaving pulled out earlier this year.

In the run-up to the vote, India's External AffairsMinister S.M. Krishna, who was in New York for morethan a week in September itself met leaders of 56 coun-tries on the margins of the General Assembly's annualsession.

In February, India's candidature was endorsed bythe Asian group, but it still had to muster the support of128 countries, two-thirds of the 192-member GeneralAssembly.

The other ‘clean slate’ candidates included SouthAfrica that got the Africa seat, replacing Uganda with thebacking of 182 members, and Colombia, which securedthe seat for the group of Latin American and Caribbeanstates, replacing Mexico.

CommentIn the context of India winning non-permanent seat

in the Security Council The Hindustan Times in aneditorial says that India must use its UN Security Councilterm to show that it can take tough decisions. The realtest for India will be to see how it votes and how itinfluences the nature of the UN's debate when it takes its

seat next year. India will have two years to show that ithas the right stuff to be a permanent member—thoughSecurity Council reform remains a distant and arguablyreceding prospect for pretty long time to come, thanks tothe global economic recession and an absence of coherentleadership at the global level.

India, Scotland Sign Four MoUs on Education

In a bid to strengthen educational links between thetwo countries, India and Scotland on October 12, 2010signed four MoUs in various fields that will also promotestudent and faculty exchange and encourage joint degreedevelopment.

The MoUs were signed by directors of institutesfrom the two countries in the presence of HRD MinisterKapil Sibal and Scotland's First Minister Alex Salmond inNew Delhi.

Terming the signing of the MoUs as ‘truly historic’,Sibal said that the agreements will open up furtheropportunities for institutes of both countries and helpthem find solutions for problems like global warming.

He said there was a need to set up a regulatoryauthority soon to encourage manufacture of standardmedical equipments in the country. Sibal said that alegislation was already under process and hoped that itwould be passed soon.

“We intend to empower our students by providingaccess to the finest university education the world has onoffer. And in Scotland, with its higher learning traditionthat goes back to the Renaissance, we have found aworthy partner,” Sibal said.

Bill on Judicial Accountability Approved

The Union Cabinet on October 5, 2010 approved abill providing for a mechanism to deal with complaintsagainst judges of the High Courts and the SupremeCourt.

● The Bill will mandate judges to declare assets andliabilities.

● Oversight committee to be headed by a retired ChiefJustice of India.

● Public can lodge complaints against judges with anational oversight committee.

● The Bill will also require the judges not to have closeassociation with any member of the bar.

The Judicial Standards and Accountability Bill setsjudicial standards and makes judges accountable for theirlapses. It will also mandate the judges of the High Courtsand the Supreme Court to declare their assets and liabi-lities, including those of their spouses and dependents.

The Bill to replace the Judges Inquiry Act retains itsbasic features, contamplates the setting up of a nationaloversight committee with which the public can lodgecomplaints against erring judges, including the ChiefJustice of India and the Chief Justices of the High Courts.

PD/December/2010/978 “When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad, and that is my religion.”

At present, there is no legal mechanism for dealingwith complaints against judges who are governed by‘Restatement of Values of Judicial Life,’ adopted by thejudiciary as a code of conduct without any statutorysanction.

The five member committee will be headed by aretired Chief Justice of India, appointed by the President,and have a serving judge of the Supreme Court and aserving judge of a High Court, both nominated by theChief Justice of India; the Attorney-General; and aneminent person nominated by the President. This marks achange from the earlier proposal in which the committeewas to be headed by the Vice-President and to have theChief Justice of India, a High Court Judge and twodistinguished jurists not involved in regular practice oflaw.

Scrutiny PanelsOn receiving a complaint, the committee will

forward it to a system of scrutiny panels. In the case of acomplaint against a Supreme Court Judge, the scrutinypanel will consist of a former Chief Justice of India andtwo sitting Supreme Court judges, and in the case of acomplaint against a High Court Judges, the panel willhave a former Chief Justice of the High Court and two ofits sitting judges. The members of the Supreme Courtpanel will be nominated by the Chief Justice of India, andthat of the High Court panels by the Chief Justice of theHigh Court concerned.

The scrutiny panels will have the powers of a civilcourt. For instance, they can call for witnesses andevidences. They will be required to give their reportwithin three months to the oversight committee. In thecase of a complaint against a Chief Justice, the oversightcommittee itself will conduct the scrutiny.

On receiving the report from the scrutiny panels, theoversight committee will set up a committee to furtherinvestigate the case. Like the security panels, the investi-gation committee will have the powers of a civil court; itwill have power to frame definite charges.

If the charges are not proved, the investigation com-mittee can dismiss the case. Otherwise, it will give areport to the oversight committee, which can issue anadvisory or warning if the charges are not too serious. Ifthe charges are serious, the committee can request thejudge concerned to resign. If the judge does not do so, theoversight committee will forward the case to the Presidentwith an advisory for his removal.

In such an event, copies of all relevant documentswill be laid in Parliament and an impeachment motionmoved. In the Lok Sabha, not less than 100 members willbe required to move the motion, and in the Rajya Sabhanot less than 50 members will be needed.

Official sources said that besides declaring theirassets, judges would be required to file an annual returnof assets and liabilities. All the details would be put upon the websites of the Supreme Court and High Courts.

The bill will also require the judges not to have closeassociation with any member of the Bar, especially thosewho practise in the same court.

Indian Navy Gets Fast Attack Craft to Secure Coast

As part of measures underway to strengthen thecountry's coastal security after the 26/11 terror strikes,the Indian Navy on October 14, 2010 inducted its latestfast-attack craft (FAC) at the Southern Naval Commandin Kochi.

The FAC, INS Kalpeni, propelled by three powerfulwaterjets, can reach speeds in excess of 35 knots. It is the

26/11 Effect : INS Kalpeni at theSouthern Naval Command in Kochi.

seventh of the 10FACs, each of whichhas a crew of threeofficers and 38sailors, being builtat Kolkata-basedGarden Reach ship-yard. INS Kalpeni,an improved version of Bangaram-class FAC, has beenconceived, designed and built indigenously. The FAC'smain armament is the 30mm CRN 91 gun, apart from alsobeing equipped with 11 machine guns and shoulderlaunched IGLA surface to air missiles to neutralize aerialthreats.

The government also recently inked the first contractto acquire 15 fast-interception craft (FICs) or patrol boatsfor the new Sagar Prahari Bal (SPB) being raised by Navyin the 26/11 aftermath. The 15 boats, which can effec-tively patrol almost up to 200 nautical miles, was signedwith French shipyard Chantier Naval Couach.

These boats will be in addition to the 80 FICsapproved at a cost of over Rs. 320 crore for SPB, thecreation of which was one of the measures announcedafter 26/11, which will be ordered in the coming months.With 1,000 well-armed personnel, the specialized SPB willbe tasked with protection of naval and other assets, basesand harbours on both west and east coasts. But it willtake some time to take concrete shape. For one, the train-ing of the first batch of 200 SPB personnel began only lastJanuary. For another, deliveries of the 80 FICs are likelyto begin only by 2012-2013 at the earliest.

Similarly, only Phase-I of the critical coastal surveil-lance network will be up and running by 2011 under aRs. 350 crore project. This will include 46 stations, withcoastal radars, cameras, AIS (automatic identificationsystems) and other sensors mounted atop old lighthousesto dynamically locate and track vessels.

Yudhoyono to be Chief Guest at R-Day Parade

Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyonowill be the chief guest at the next year's Republic Dayparade in Delhi, according to official sources.

Both countries will seek to build on the joint declara-tion on a new strategic partnership signed by PrimeMinister Dr. Manmohan Singh and Mr. Yudhoyonoduring the latter's visit to India in 2005. The two sideswill also attempt to expand economic relations bilaterally

PD/December/2010/980 “Death may be the greatest of all human blessings.”

and under the aegis of the Association of South EastAsian Nations (ASEAN) of which Indonesia is a foundermember.

Rustom 1 Test Flown Successfully

Rustom 1 a medium-altitude and long-enduranceUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), developed by theBangalore-based Aeronautical Development Establish-ment (ADE) was successfully test flown at Bangalore onOctober 16, 2010.

Rustom 1.

As per an offi-cial statement,Rustom 1 was flownfrom the TanejaAerospace andAviation airfield atHosur near Banga-lore. The aircrafttook off even ininclement weather condition for a first flight, flew for 12minutes and landed successfully, meeting all its objec-tives.

According to a Defence Research and DevelopmentOrganisation (DRDO) spokesperson Rustom 1 followedthe two other UAV developed by the ADE—Lakshyaand Nishant. While Lakshya—a drone that is remotelypiloted by a ground control station—provides aerial sub-targets for live fire training, Nishant is a surveillanceaircraft primarily tasked with intelligence gathering overenemy territory.

“Unlike the other UAV, which used to have a freefall with parachutes after executing their tasks, Rustomwill carry out copy book style landing,” the DRDOspokesperosn said, adding that “in the coming daysRustom can be used as unmanned combat aerial vehicleand also to carry war-heads.”

The first full flight of Rustom 1 on October 16 wasunder the command of Lt. Col. V. S. Thapa of the Army,an experienced External Pilot for UAVs who waspositioned at the edge of the runway. The statement saidthat he controlled it without any difficulty throughout itsflight, which included the pilot-assisted take-off flight inair and a copy book style landing.

The aircraft has many auto-features such as GPScontrolled Way Point Navigation and Get U Homeincluded even in its first flight, but will be exercised insubsequent flights.

Features“The UAV has an endurance of 12 to 15 hours and

can carry payloads up to 75 kg. It has an altitude ceilingof 25,000 feet. Such flights of UAVs remove the risk tohuman pilots when they have to fly them in hazardouszones,” the statement said.

The data link system for this UAV was designed anddeveloped by another DRDO laboratory called DefenceElectronics Applications Laboratory (DEAL) situated inDehradun. Its airframe is made by a private companycalled Zephyr situated in Coimbatore and most of its

onboard systems are also manufactured by privateindustries in different parts of the country.

This UAV can be used by all the three armed servicesof the country.

Lok Pal Bill Draft Finalized

● Prime Minister comes within its purview.

● Some limits on powers to probe Prime Ministers,Members of Parliament.

After an unusually long wait and numerousattempts—at least 10, the centre has finally come up withan acceptable-to-all draft of the Lok Pal Bill. In a majordecision that has the backing of Prime MinisterManmohan Singh, the office of the Prime Minister hasbeen brought within the ombudsman's purview. Nowthat the draft is almost ready, it awaits being presentedbefore the Cabinet for its seal of approval.

It may be recalled that in 1986, the AdministrativeReforms Commission had recommended the enactmentof a law for setting up a Lok Pal at the centre andLokayuktas in every state. But while 17 states havealready set up Lokayuktas—Orissa was the first state todo so—successive central governments have been unableto do much, the major hurdle having been whether or notthe Prime Minister and his Cabinet colleagues should bebrought within the purview of the Lok Pal.

The re-drafted Lok Pal Bill proposes to bring allpolitical functionaries at the Centre, including the PrimeMinister and his ministerial colleagues as well asMembers of Parliament and members of the defenceservices, under the purview of the Lok Pal.

The Lok Pal would not, however, be empowered toinquire into any allegation against the PM in relation tohis functions concerning national security, foreign affairsand public order.

The Lok Pal would not be able to probe complaintsagainst the President, Vice-President, Speaker andDeputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Deputy Chairman ofthe Rajya Sabha, sitting Judges of the Supreme Court andHigh Courts, Comptroller and Auditor General of India,Attorney-General, Chief Election Commissioner andother Election Commissioners, Chairman and membersof the National Commission for Scheduled Castes andScheduled Tribes and Chairman and members of theUnion Public Service Commission.

Also, before taking up complaints against Membersof Parliament, the Lok Pal would have to seek theconcurrence of the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha or theSpeaker of the Lok Sabha as the case may be.

A Three-Member BodyThe Draft Bill says that the Lok Pal would be a three-

member body comprising a chairman—a sitting or retiredChief Justice of India or former judge of the SupremeCourt—and two members, to be chosen from amongsitting or retired judges of the Supreme Court, or sittingor retired Chief Justices of High Courts.

PD/December/2010/981

However, no sitting judge would be considered forappointment without consultation with the Chief Justiceof India.

The trio would be appointed on the recommen-dations of a committee headed by the Vice-President andcomprising the Prime Minister, the Lok Sabha Speaker,Ministers of Home and Law, and the Leaders of theOpposition in the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.

All three members would hold sittings together anddecide matters jointly. They would be appointed for aperiod of three years or until they attain the age of 70,whichever is earlier.

In order to ensure transparency and impartiality ofthe Lok Pal, the Bill says that on ceasing to hold office asombudsman, the three members would not be eligible tohold any other office in the government.

Incidentally, in the latest draft Bill, the period formaking complaints to the Lok Pal has been brought downfrom the earlier 10 years to five years from the date of thealleged offence.

The Lok Pal would have six months from the receiptof the complaint within which it would have to completeinvestigations and submit a report.

The Bill also empowers the Lok Pal to punish withimprisonment and/or a fine those guilty of making falseor mala fide complaints.

CommentIt is gratifying that the draft of the Lok Pal Bill has

been finalized and with the passage of time the law ofLok Pal would see the light of day. It is a good measureto curb corruption in high places. It is common know-ledge that corruption has penetrated into the highestechelons of public life and is eating into the vitals of ournationhood. It is to be decimated altogether if the nationhas to progress quick and fast. It is painful indeed to seethat quite a good percentage of public funds are divertedto unlawful channels, putting the government exchequer

to much loss and impinging on the execution of projectssanctioned by the government. An institution of this typeexists in several countries, particularly in Scandinaviancountries where it is doing good work. It is hoped thatwith the establishment of Lok Pal at the centre, we shall beable to put effective curb on corruption in public life.

India Signs Social Security Agreement with S. Korea

A reciprocal Social Security Agreement (SSA) andprotocal that will benefit a huge number of Indians—particularly those working in the fields of InformationTechnology, medicine and finance—was signed in Seoul,S. Korean capital on October 19, 2010. Overseas IndianAffairs Minister Vyalar Ravi and Korean Minister forTrade Kim Jong-hoon signed the pact. An official releasesaid that a number of Indians were working in S. Korea,most of them professionals and self-employed persons.

There was huge potential for the employment ofIndians in Korea owing to a large gap in market laboursupply. An SSA with S. Korea would enhance themovement of professionals, and investment, between thetwo countries.

The pact is the result of negotiations which wereheld between India and S. Korea in New Delhi inDecember 2009.

Government Approves Amendments to Enemy Property Law

The Union Government on October 20, 2010approved amendments to a four-decade old law thatproposes to allow Indian legal heirs to inherit theproperties of relatives who migrated to Pakistan afterpartition. However, as per the amendment to the EnemyProperty Act of 1968 only transactions that have beeneffected before July 2, this year will have legal sanction.

PD/December/2010/982 “Do not do to others what angers you if done to you by others.”

The Union Cabinet, at a meeting chaired by PrimeMinister Dr. Manmohan Singh on October 20, approvedthe proposal of the Ministry of Home Affairs to introducethe Enemy Property (Amendment and Validation) Bill,2010.

According to the amendments, “if the enemy pro-perty was diverted from the Custodian before 2nd July,2010, it shall stand transferred to and vest or continue tovest in the custodian.”

“If, however, the enemy was divested from thecustodian by a valid order made under section 18 prior to2nd July, 2010 or where the property had been returnedto the owner or his lawful heir by an order of the court;and if the lawful heir is a citizen of India by birth,such enemy property will continue to remain with suchperson” say the amendments approved by the Cabinet.

An attempt to get the amendments passed byParliament during the Monsoon Session had failed due torepeated pleas and lobbying of cross-party Muslim MPs,including several ministers, who pleaded to ensure thatlegal heirs are allowed to hold the property of theirparents or grandparents who had migrated to Pakistan.

Through an Act in 1968, the government had declaredthe properties left behind by people who migrated toPakistan during partition as ‘enemy properties‘.

“The fresh amendments that were placed beforeParliament have been incorporated in the new Bill. Thereis no change in the content of the Bill,” Home MinisterP. Chidambaram said.

The proposal for fresh amendments provide forensuring that the enemy property shall continue to vestin the custodian till it is divested by the central govern-ment and the enemy property could be divested only tothe owner or his lawful heir.

Other Cabinet Decisions● Cashless health insurance for street vendors

Street vendors will now enjoy the benefits of cashless-basedhealth insurance scheme. The Rashtriya Swasthya BimaYojana (RSBY) currently covers BPL families only. TheRSBY will be extended to the over 42 lakh street vendors inIndia.

The premium will be paid by the Central and StateGovernments in the ratio of 75 : 25. For the North EasternStates and Jammu and Kashmir, the ratio is 90 : 10.

● NIMHANS upgradation

The National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences, Bangalore, has been declared as an institute ofnational importance on the lines of the All India Institute ofMedical Sciences.

● Scheme named after Indira Gandhi

A new scheme targeted at improving the health ofexpectant mothers and ensuring proper nutrition fornewborns has been named the Indira Gandhi MatritvaSahyog Yojana.

● Seeds Bill, 2004

The government approved additional amendments to theSeeds Bill, 2004 that includes raising penalties for offenceslike sale of spurious seeds.

It means a Muslim citizen of India who is a legalinheritor of such property is able to retain ownershipeven if the deceased had gone to Pakistan after partition,but he will have to legally prove his or her inheritance.

The central government is authorised to direct thecustodian to sell or dispose of enemy properties in suchmanner as may be prescribed. To amend the PublicPremises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Act, 1971to declare the Custodian, Deputy Custodian and AssistantCustodian of Enemy Properties as Estate Officer inrespect of the enemy properties are other features of theproposed amendments.

The amendments came in the wake of a series ofjudgements by various courts that eroded the powers ofthe custodian of the enemy property.

The amendments will have retrospective effect.

India, Germany Ink Cultural Accord

India and Germany on October 18, 2010 impartedfresh momentum to their joint efforts for expansion of the

Foreign Minister S.M. Krishna, left,with his German counterpart GuidoWesterwelle before a meeting in NewDelhi, on Oct. 18, 2010.

U.N. Security Coun-cil and discussedways to deepencounter-terror co-operation.

External AffairsMinister S.M.Krishna held talkswith his Germancounterparts GuidoWesterwelle thatfocussed on UNreforms, enhancedcounter-terror co-operation, climatechange and the intensification of economic and defenceties.

MoU SignedAfter the talks, Suresh Kumar Goel Director-General

of the Indian Council of Cultural Relations, and ThomasGoetz Director-General, Culture and Science, The Germanoffice, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)and celebrating a year of Germany in India in 2011-12and a year of India in Germany in 2012-13.

The celebrations will mark 60 years of Indo-Germandiplomatic partnership. India and Germany have beenelected non-permanent members of the United NationsSecurity Council (UNSC) for 2011-2012.

Prime Minister’s Visit to Japan, Malaysia and Vietnam

Indian Prime Minister was on a seven-day visit toJapan, Malaysia and Vietnam in the last week of October2010. On October 25 in Tokyo, India and Japan decided toextend their cooperation to areas such as joint ventures inrare earth minerals, some hitherto unexplored areas in

PD/December/2010/983/2 “Envy is the ulcer of the soul.”

defence, and transport and industrial corridors in SouthIndia.

Moving Together : Prime MinisterManmohan Singh and his Japanesecounterpart Naoto Kan shake handsafter exchanging documents on anagreement signed at the latter’s officialresidence in Tokyo on October 25.

Prime MinisterManmohan Singhand his Japanesecounterpart NaotoKan, resolved tocontinue talks on acivil nuclear agree-ment. They ins-tructed the officialsto ensure the smoothimplementation ofthe ComprehensiveEconomic Partner-ship Agreement(CEPA) and accele-rate discussions on the reform of the United NationsSecurity Council, to which both countries are aspirants aspermanent members.

Dr. Singh and Mr. Naoto Kan also discussed China.

In their joint declaration on the conclusion of CEPAnegotiations, the two leaders committed to signing theagreement at the earliest at ministerial level, on com-pletion of necessary formalities.

“The CEPA encompasses trade in services andinvestment besides covering 90 per cent of the trade inmerchandise or goods,” said Rao. The pact will also helpmovement of nurses and care givers, information tech-nology professionals and promote tourism.

The two PMs also signed a memorandum on simpli-fying procedures for business visas and temporaryvisitor’s visas for businessmen in Japan. It also entailsmeasures related to employment visas in India, entryvisas for working in Japan and those related to touristvisas in India and temporary visitor’s visas for sight-seeing in Japan. The two PMs’ restrictive meeting wasfollowed by a 45-minute annual summit talks at theofficial level.

Six Pacts with Malaysia

From Japan the Prime Minister dashed to Malaysiawhere he arrived at Kuala Lumpur on October 26. ThePM and his wife were accorded a ceremonial welcome byMalaysian Human Resources Minister S. Subramaniamand his wife at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport.

In Kuala Lumpur, India and Malaysia signed sixpacts, with the accord for implementing the Compre-hensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA) fromJuly 1, 2011 being the centrepiece. The agreements weresigned at a ceremony presided over by Prime MinisterManmohan Singh and his Malaysian counterpart Mohd.Najib.

Comparing the CECA with the India-Asean Trade inGoods (TiG) agreement that was implemented fromJanuary 1, 2010, both the sides offer ‘Asean plus’ marketaccess in goods. In Trade in Services, both the sidesagreed on providing access to each other’s services mar-ket across all modes and various sectors.

India and Malaysia would liberalise their respectiveinvestment regimes to facilitate greater Foreign DirectInvestment into each other’s territory. Both sides would

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh andhis Malaysian counterpart Md. Najibapplaud as Commerce and IndustryMinister Anand Sharma (left) ex-changes files with Malaysian HealthMinister Liow Tiong Lai after signingan agreement at Putrajaya in KualaLumpur on October 27.

also finalise two-three other areas ofeconomic coopera-tion from amonginfrastructure deve-lopment, creativeindustries, tourism,small and mediumenterprises (SMEs),business facilitation,science and techno-logy, and humanresource develop-ment, said officialsources.

The Memoran-dum of Understand-ing (MoU) on co-operation in thetraditional systemsof medicine makesIndia the secondcountry with whichMalaysia has signedsuch a pact. TheMoU will guide the existing rudimentary cooperation ina more focussed manner and also streamline the existingpractices in tradi-tional systems ofmedicine to higherlevels of acceptanceby people of the twocountries.

The MoU forcooperation intourism wouldencourage thegrowing flow ofvisitors to both thecountries. India isthe sixth largestsource country forinbound tourism toMalaysia (six lakhsin 2009) whileMalaysia is the 10thlargest (1·15 lakhs in2008).

The MoU forcooperation in IT& Services wouldreflect the contem-porary changestaking place in thefield of InformationTechnology andServices.

PD/December/2010/984 “Get not your friends by bare compliments, but by giving them sensible tokens of your love.”

Separately, the two Prime Ministers announced thesetting up of a Joint ICT Talent Development Consulta-tive Committee to make specific recommendations toboth the governments for IT skills training, talent deve-lopment and greater engagement of the Indian IT com-panies in Malaysia. Already, 60 Indian IT companies arepresent, including some from the top 10.

An agreement between the Council of Scientific andIndustrial Research (CSIR) and the UNIK of Malaysia onResearch and Development Collaboration will witnessthe setting up of a Joint Innovation Accelerator Centre inMalaysia to carry out research in green technology, watertreatment and medicinal and aromatic plants.

In Vietnam

From Malaysia Dr. Manmohan Singh reached Hanoi,the capital of Vietnam on October 28 to attend the 5th

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh withChinese Premier Wen Jiabao prior inHanoi, Vietnam on October 29.

East Asia Summitand the 17th ASEANSummit. In Hanoithe Prime Ministerinteracted withseveral regional lea-ders and exchangedviews on bilateraland multilateralmatters. The mostsignificant was Dr.Manmohan’s meet-ing with ChinesePrime Minister WenJiabao. In this meet-ing which materi-alised on the side-lines of the Association of South East Asian NationsSummit and the East Asia Summit both leaders coveredthe entire gamut of relations, including the issue of Chinaissuing stapled visas to people domiciled in Jammu andKashmir and the consequent pause in the high-leveldefence exchanges. In their 10th meeting in six years,they took a broad view of the strategic significance ofIndia-China ties and expressed satisfaction at thedevelopment of relations.

Mr. Wen agreed with Dr. Singh’s off-repeated state-ment that there was enough space in the world toaccommodate the growth of both countries. There wasenough space for India and China to have cooperativerelationship in ‘all areas’.

Nuclear Deal with South KoreaIndia and South Korea have reached an agreement on

civil nuclear cooperation, marking the ninth such pact Delhihas finalised since getting the Nuclear Suppliers’ Group waiverin 2008.

The announcement came after Prime Minister ManmohanSingh met South Korean President Lee Myung-bak on Oct. 29in Hanoi, Vietnam on the sidelines of the Asean Summit. “Wehave finalised agreement on cooperation in civil uses of nuclearenergy, which is now awaiting signature,” national securityadviser Shivshankar Menon said.

The talks between the two leaders were held in acordial atmosphere. Mr. Wen Jiabao was requested tovisit India and his visit was fixed for December 2010itself.

Other important leaders whom Dr. ManmohanSingh met in Hanoi included Vietnamese Prime MinisterNguyen Tan Dung and South Korean President LeeMyung-bak, with whom talks were held on bilateralmatters and other regional issues. Another importantmeeting was with the Australian Prime Minister Ms.Gillard.

India, Bangladesh Sign $ 1 billion Line of Credit Agreement

India has decided to export 5 lakh tonnes of rice andwheat to Bangladesh despite ban on outward shipments

Forging Ties : Anand Sharma (left),Union Minister for Commerce andIndustry, with his Bangladeshcounterpart Muhammad Faruk Khanexchanging the documents after sign-ing the MoU in New Delhi on Oct. 23.

of the foodgrains.Both countries alsoagreed in the thirdweek of October toestablish ‘BorderHaats’ along theMeghalaya-Bangla-desh border andopen the Chittagongand Mongla ports toboost trade ties.

The two coun-tries have signed $ 1billion Line ofCredit agreementand some importantpacts for power transmission. Union Commerce andIndustry Minister Anand Sharma met his Bangladeshcounterpart in New Delhi on October 23, 2010.

“Apart from the Line of Credit, the bulk powertransmission agreement and an MoU between NTPC andthe Bangladesh Power Development Board have also beensigned in the power sector”. Mr. Sharma said pointingout that after Bangladesh Prime Minister Hasina Sheikh'ssuccessful visit to India, both countries had been activelyengaged in implementing the joint communique thatreflected the understanding reached between the PrimeMinisters of the two countries.

News in a Nutshell

January 25 to be National Voters' DayJanuary 25 will hereafter be celebrated as National

Voters' Day, Chief Election Commissioner S. Y. Quraishisaid on October 9, 2010.

The date marks the foundation day of the ElectionCommission of India. On that day, young voters, whoattain the age of 18 years on January 7,' will be givenElector Photo Identity Cards (EPIC).

Continued on Page 993

PD/December/2010/985 “Remember what is unbecoming to do is also unbecoming to speak of.”

[Developing Countries Averse to LegallyBinding Agreement at Cancun Meeting]

BASIC Unity Stands Ruptured; South Africa Toes West Line in the Climate Negotiation

The first signs of rift in the BASIC group—Brazil ,South Africa, India and China surfaced in the climatenegotiations that were held in a meeting of experts fromthe four countries in the second week of October 2010. Atthe meeting South Africa put forward a proposal thatcaused fissures in the group of four emerging economies,which had trumped Europe in dictating terms at theCopenhagen meet in 2009 and worked as a team.

Expressing frustration with the current state ofclimate talks, South Africa proposed that all decisions

Scary Scenario

taken at the Cancuntalks to be held inDecember this yearshould form part ofa single legallybinding agreement.China, India andBrazil were notagreeable to it as itcould lead to a demise of the Kyoto Protocol and alsosound the death knell for the Bali Action Plan. The BaliAction Plan is seen by developing countries as the lastremaining firewall between developed and developingcountries in climate negotiations.

The proposal by South Africa took ominousproportions when other developed countries along withthe AOSIS group (Alliance of Small Island States) andsome Central American countries—all seen as close to theUS—in a concerted manner started for pushing for alegally binding agreement to become the central pillar ofall talks. At Copenhagen the BASIC four had workedferociously to prevent such a move.

India, China and Brazil were caught unawares withthe South African proposal as well as another move byVenezuela suggesting that three categories be createdinstead of the existing two (developed and other coun-tries) to list out the international commitments towardsreducing greenhouse gases—one for developed countriesthat have targets under Kyoto Protocol, another for the USand the third for major economies such as India.

The moves, if they find favour within the UN talks,could end up easing the pressure on the developedcountries to take on strong greenhouse gas emissiontargets under the Kyoto Protocol or even completelyfinish it off, instead of moving the global climate regimetowards a single treaty where India and China are seen ascomparable to the developed countries.

Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change :India-China ‘No’ New Targets

The expert group's meeting was followed by aministerial meeting in which BASIC group of countriesparticipated, with Jairam Ramesh, India's environmentminister representing India at Tainjin, China on October11, 2010.

Basic Nations reject move, backed by WTO to impose tax forfailing to abide by Binding Treaty

A new divide emerged between rich and developingnations with India and China opposing a move to linktrade with reducing carbon emissions.

The developed world, led by the US and Europe, hasbeen talking of imposing a tax on countries which fail toabide by a binding climate treaty, in which India andChina will have to take emission control measures. Thisclaim is also being backed by the World Trade Organiza-tion.

The Basic group of countries—India, China, Braziland South Africa—called it a “unilateral protectionistmeasure” and rejected at the Tainjin meeting itself onOctober 11, 2010.

“—Basic ministers rejected the notion of unilateralactions against products and services of developingcountries on grounds of combating climate change, whichwill jeopardise international collaboration on climatechange and international trade,” said a resolution adoptedby the ministers.

The text, which India first proposed in Bonn inAugust last year says that “developed countries shall notresort to any form of unilateral measures, includingcountervailing border measures, against goods andservices imported from developing countries on groundsof protection of climate.”

“We would like this text to be reflected in the final(climate) agreement,” Indian Environment Minister Jai-ram Ramesh said at the meeting attended by officials fromYemen , Ethiopia, Venezuela, Argentina and Egypt.

India has said such moves would violate the principleof common but differentiated responsibilities under theUnited Nations Framework Convention on ClimateChange (UNFCCC). Ramesh expressed concern overreports saying some of the measures were compatiblewith WTO rules. “The report has come as somewhat of ashock to us,” he said.

The new WTO report, seeking 14 types of penaltiesfor imports from high carbon emitting countries, hascome at a time when climate negotiations have almostcollapsed with US and China not seeing eye to eye. UShas been seeking a uniform treaty with binding targets forChina, India and Brazil, opposed by China, the secondlargest carbon emitter in the world.

PD/December/2010/986 “The only good is knowledge and the only evil is ignorance.”

World’s Greatest Rescue Operation in Chile : 33 Miners Trapped Inside Earth

Rescued Safely[Last man out was shift foreman Luis Urzua; most

miners in good health Chile celebrates miners’ rescue]

The longest underground nightmare in history endedsafely and faster than any one expected. In a flawlessoperation that unfolded before a hopeful trans fixedworld, 33 miners who were trapped for more than twomonths beneath the Chilean earth were raised one by onein a mission that ended October 14, 2010.

The last man out was the one who held the grouptogether when they were feared lost, a shift foremannamed Luis Urzua who enforced tight rations of theirlimited food and supplies before help could arrive. “Wehave done what the entire world was waiting for,” he saidimmediately after his rescue. “We had strength, we hadspirit, we wanted to fight, we wanted to fight for ourfamilies, and that was the greatest thing.”

Not even a full 24 hours after the rescue began, Urzuamade the 2041 foot ascent in a Prescue confetti calledPhoenix and emerged from a manholesized opening inthe ground to a joyous celebration of comfelt's, balloonsand Champagne.

Unknown Miners become Stars● Real Madrid and Manchester United invited the miners—

some avid soccer fans— to watch them play in Europe.

● A local singer-turned-businessman has given them$ 10,000 each.

● Apple boss Steve Jobs has sent them all a latest iPod and aGreek firm has offered an islands tour.

● Miners unlikely to return to old work. Get job offers, bookand film contracts.

Chilean President Sebastian Pinera told him, “Youare not the same, and the country is not the same afterthis. You were an inspiration.” The first rescue workerdown was last up-Manuel Ganzalez, mine rescue expertwith Chile's state-owned Codelco copper company; talkedthe men through the final hours inside the mine. Then, he

spent 26 minutes alone down below before he strappedhimself into the capsule for the ride up. He reached thesurface at 12-32 on October 14, 2010.

The 33 newly rescued miners recovered from theirordeal on October 15, 2010. Most of the miners werefound to be in decent health despite being stuck in acollapsed mine tunnel since August 5. The men wereresting in a hospital after being hoisted to the surface. Oneof the miners had pneumonia and was being treated.

Chile and its billionaire President Sebastian Pinerahave both burnished their images with the flawlesslyexecuted rescue. Pinera, 60, a credit card and airlinemagnate who took office in March, is already basking inthe glow of success.

The rescue took 69 days and about 8 hours. Thecrowd in ‘Camp Hope’, down a hill from the escape shaft,set off confetti, released balloons and sprayed champagneas Urzua's capsule surfaced. In the capital of Santiago,hundreds gathered waving flags and chanting victoryslogans.

General Elections in Kyrgyzstan :Result Surprises World

Parliamentary elections were held in Kyrgyzstan onOctober 10 and the result was out on October 11, 2010.

The results produced no clear winner. Five partiesout of 29 contestants cleared the five per cent thresholdto win seats in the 120-member Parliament. The onlysurprise was the strong showing of a nationalist party AtaZhurt. The bigger surprise was that the results were not aforegone conclusion, making this small, mostly Muslimnation the first in Central Asia to hold free elections inpursuit of a democratic system. The vote turn out wasmore than 52 per cent. Hurdles galore still await this land-locked country of 5 million people, for the fracturedverdict may create difficulties for the government forma-tion and still greater obstacles for government running.

The surprise in the election was the 8.6 per cent sharewon by a nationalist party called Ata-Zhurt, a powerfulforce in the rural southern part of the country, which hasbeen beset by ethnic and political violence.

This parliamentary system was approved in areferendum in June and is a first for Central Asia.Kyrgyzstan has had two coups in the past five years.Askar Akayev, who was President for 15 years, was forcedout in 2005. Earlier this year, his successor, KurmanbekBakiyev, was ousted after rioting in the streets. In June,political and ethnic violence erupted between Kyrgyz andUzbeks in the south, killing 400 people and forcing asmany as 400,000 from their homes.

The interim President, Roza Otunbayeva, has been aproponent of a parliamentary system that was presentedas a way to give voice and legislative power to disparategroups. It also was seen as a way to bring peace andcommon purpose to this land, where the mountains dividenorth and south into two almost separate countries.

PD/December/2010/987 “Thou shouldst eat to live; not live to eat.”

Germany Celebrates 20 Years of Unity

Germany's President Christian Wulff on October 3,2010 paid tribute to the courage of those who fought forfreedom of the country. Germany celebrated 20 yearssince reunification after decades of Cold War Division.

In his first major set piece speech Christian Wulffsaid, “We remember the momentous day that a peopleexperience only rarely,” when the capitalist west and theCommunist East merged barely a year after the fall of thedismantling of the Berlin Wall.

“I bow before everyone who fought for freedom ……your courage moved the world,” the President told anaudience of dignitaries including Chancellor AngelaMerkel and European President Herman Van Rompuy, togeneral applause.

The Challenges

Mr. Wulff also highlighted the challenges ahead ofthe reunited Germany, focussing on the difficulties ofintegrating its large Muslim population, the subject of afiery debate in recent days.

For her part, Ms. Merkel who was brought up in EastGermany, recalled her life growing up under communismand said she would have be a straight-forward scientist ifthe Berlin Wall had not fallen.

Ms. Merkel, now considered the world's most power-ful woman, said that despite the constraints of life in EastGermany, “it is certainly true to say that it was notboring.”

“We read, we went for lovely journeys in easternEurope … Life in East Germany was arduous, regimentedand limited, but we tried to make something of it,” Ms.Merkel, who was trained as a physicist, told the paper.

U.S. President Barack Obama was quick to congra-tulate Germany, praising “the courage and conviction ofthe German people that brought down the Berlin Wall,ending decades of painful and artificial separation”.

Washington's Cold War foe also congratulatedGermany, with Russian President Dmitry Medvedevsaying reunification carried an “enduring historic signi-ficance not only for the German people but for the wholeof Europe”.

After World War II, the victorious powers, the UnitedStates, Britain, France and the Soviet Union carveddefeated Germany into four sections.

With the advent of the Cold War, Moscow erected aborder between its eastern section, and the three westernAllied sections, including the Wall that split Berlin in two.

Post Nobel, A Cry for Free Speech byChinese Communist Party Elders

A consistently restricted and regimented order ofgovernance in China has forced even the ruling party elders tocry for free speech in China. A group of Chinese CommunistParty elders has issued a bold call to end the country's wide-ranging restrictions on free speech, just days after thegovernment reacted angrily to the awarding of the Nobel PeacePrize to imprisoned dissident Chinese leader Liu Xiaobo.

In an open letter posted online, the retired officials statethat although China's 1982 Constitution guarantees freedom ofspeech, the right is constrained by a host of laws andregulations that should be scrapped.

“This kind of false democracy of affirming in principleand denying in actuality is a scandal in the history ofdemocracy,” said the letter, which was dated October 11 andwidely distributed by email.

Wang Yongcheng, a retired professor at Shanghai'sJiaotong University who signed the letter, said it had beeninspired by the recent arrest of a journalist who wrote aboutcorruption in the resettlement of farmers for a dam project.

“We want to spur action toward governing the countryaccording to law,” Wang said in an interview. Coming on topof Liu's Nobel Peace Prize, the letter further spotlights China'stight restrictions on freedom of speech and other civil rights,although Wang said the two events were not directly related.

Work on the letter began several days before the prizewas awarded, and drafters decided against including areference to Liu out of concern that the government wouldblock its circulation.

Reshma Patil from Beijing writes that this criticism of theCommunist Party's ‘invisible hand’ is extraordinary for morethan its free speech. The 23 signatories of this letter circulatedonline on October 12, 2010 before it was blocked, spent yearson top posts inside the propaganda and media machinery thatcontrol the information that reaches Chinese citizens. Theyinclude a former director of the Party mouthpiece People'sDaily, a former deputy director of news agency Xinhua, aformer editor-in-chief of China Daily, a former news head of thecentral propaganda department, a former director of the NewsResearch Institute of China's top thinktank and a former PartySchool Professor.

PD/December/2010/988 “Having the fewest wants, I am nearest to the gods.”

On October 3, 1990, just under a year after the Wallwas yanked down in a bloodless revolution, the reuni-fication treaty bringing the two halves of the countrytogether came into effect amid joyful scenes.

Israel Approves East Jerusalem Houses Ending Freeze

The Israeli government on October 15, 2010 ended anunofficial freeze on new buildings in east Jerusalem,approving the construction of 238 houses in Jewishneighbourhoods as peace talks with Palestine remainedstuck over the fate of a broader construction slowdownthroughout the West Bank.

Disturbing Move : Jewish settlement Pisgat Zeev is seenbehind Israel's controversial separation barrier on the outskirtsof Jerusalem recently.

Plan Draws Swift Palestinian CondemnationThe Israeli Housing Ministry's announcement that

developers would be allowed to bid for contracts to buildnew homes in the neighbourhoods of Ramot and PisgalZeev drew swift condemnation from Palestinian nego-tiators.

Peace talks that began in early September are dead-locked over the Palestinian demand that Israel extend aslowdown on settlement construction that expired inSeptember 2010 itself. The Palestinians threatened to quitthe negotiations unless Israel reinstated the buildingrestrictions. Curiously enough, the Israeli Prime MinisterBenjamin Netanyahu refused to oblige.

Both sides have indicated compromise is possible,but attempts by U.S. mediator to break the impassehave failed. Israel's construction announcement furtherbedevilled the atmosphere.

“This announcement is a clear-cut indication that thechoice of Netanyahu is settlements, not peace,” said chiefnegotiator Saeb Erekat, charging the Israelis with “closingall doors on attempts to revive the direct negotiations”.

Mr. Natanyahu's office refused to comment onOctober 15, 2010

The Israeli settlement slowdown imposed lastNovember in the West Bank did not officially include eastJerusalem, which Israel claims as part of its capital. Butbefore October 15, Israel had quietly halted building thereas well without explicitly saying it was doing so.

There was no immediate public comment from U.S.officials on October 15.

Around 1,80,000 Israelis live in neighbourhoodsIsrael has built in east Jerusalem since capturing the areafrom Jordan in 1967. The eastern sector of the city is home

to around 2,50,000 Palestinians, and Palestinians hope tomake it the capital of a future state.

SovereigntyPast peace plans have proposed leaving the Jewish

neighbourhoods under the Israeli sovereignty. ButPalestinians and the US have said that Israeli constructionthere is nonethless provocative and undermines peacetalks.

Egypt's Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit saidthat if Israel continued to build settlements, Arab nationsmight seek U.N. recognition of a Palestinian state withoutIsrael's approval.

Huge US-Saudi Arms Deal

As per press sources, the United States hasannounced one of the largest weapons sales in its history,worth nearly $ 60 billion to Saudi Arabia.

An AH-64 Delta Apache Longbowhelicopter in Conroe, Texas, in thisrecent photo.

Announcing thedeal, Assistant Secre-tary for Political-Mili-tary Affairs AndrewShapiro said that theUS planned to sell theKingdom of SaudiArabia “a significantdefence package thatwill promote regionalsecurity and enhance the defensive capabilities of animportant Gulf partner with whom we have had a long-standing and close security relationship.”

The most significant components of the packageinclude 84 F-15 aircraft, 70 upgrades of existing SaudiF-15s to a more advanced configuration, 70 AH-64DApache Longbow helicopters, 72 UH-60 Blackhawk heli-copters, 36 AH-6i light attack helicopters, and 12 MD-530Flight training helicopters.

The proposed packages also include aircraft muni-tions. Support and training services are sufficient, officialssaid.

In approving the sale the Obama administrationargued that it would advance US national security, send astrong message to the region that the US was committedto supporting the security of its allies in the Arabian Gulfand enhance Saudi Arabia's ability to deter and defendagainst threats to its borders and to its oil infrastructure,which is critical to USA's economic interests as well.

It has also been asserted that the weapons sale wouldimprove US Saudi interoperability and as a result the USDepartment of Defence would be able to free up US forcesin the region and maximize the effectiveness of the U.Sglobal force posture. Although it has been denied yetconfrontation with Iran is a fact in U.S. mind in clinchingthe deal with Saudi Arabia.

UK Announces Severe Military Cutbacks

In a bid to streamline its armed forces and helpreduce its daunting levels of national debt Britain on

PD/December/2010/989 “I know nothing except the fact of my ignorance.”

October 19, 2010 announced plans to cut its militarypersonnel by 10 per cent, scrap 40 per cent of the army'sartillery, withdraw troops from Germany within 10 yearsand cut 25,000 civilian jobs in its Defence Ministry.

Unveiling his Strategic Defence and Security Review,the first since 9/11, Prime Minister David Cameron saidthat the cuts were part of an effort to reconfigure amilitary that “was over stretched, under equipped and ill-prepared” to meet the unconventional warfare challengesof the future. He said that Britain intended to remain asignificant military power, with a military budget thatwould still be the fourth highest in the world, after thoseof the US, China and Russia.

The plan calls for the scrapping of the Ark Royal,Britain's only aircraft carrier capable of launching fixed-wing jets, along with the fleet of Harrier jump jetsoperated by the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force sincethe 1970s. The demise of the Ark Royal means Britain willhave a 10-year hiatus without a carrier-borne strike forceuntil one of two new aircraft carriers is equipped with anew generation of Joint Strike Fighters in 2020.

The government would go ahead with plans to buildboth carriers at $ 9.5 billion only because it would be evenmore costly to cancel one of them, with both alreadyunder construction. But after three years in service, one ofthem will be either moth balled or sold off. The decisioncaused costernation among naval veterans, militaryanalysts and others who have joined the Labour Party inaccusing the government of hastening the review to meetthe needs of its austerity programme.

Chechen Parliament Attacked by Rebels

Terrorist activity in Chechnya climaxed on October19, when Islamist rebels killed at least four people as theytried to seize Chechnya's Parliament in a brazen suicideattack that showed that Russia has failed to quellinsurgency on its southern flank.

Parliament Attacked : Special Forceofficers survey the scene after a bombblast in front of the Chechen Parlia-ment in Grozny on Oct. 19. Militantswearing suicide vests stormed the com-plex in Russia's strife-torn Chechnya,killing three policemen and injuring 17others as they held lawmakers andofficials hostage. The insurgents werelater killed in a standoff with securityforces.

Three rebelsburst into the Par-liament compoundin the Chechen capi-tal of Grozny in themorning time asdeputies arrived forwork and began theattack, which lasteduntil governmentforces stormed thebuilding.

One blew him-self up outside andtwo others went ona rampage inside,spraying bulletsaround as theyscreamed ‘Allahu Akbar’ (God is Greatest), a source said. The remaining two attackers holed themselves up onthe ground floor and then blew themselves up whenforces loyal to Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov stormedthe building.

Previous Strikes● Chechen rebels seized a theatre in Moscow in 2002, holding

850 people hostage. Around 120 hostages died.

● In September 2004, gunmen demanding Chechen indepen-dence seized a school in the town of Beslan in NorthOssetia resulting in the death of 330 people, more than halfof them children.

● Chechen rebel Doku Umarov claimed responsibility for anAugust 17 dam disaster in Siberia that killed 75 and forbombing an express train between Moscow and StPetersburg in November that killed 26 people.

● Two female suicide bombers killed 39 people at twocrowded Moscow metro stations in March earlier this year.

● A shootout between leader Ramzan Kadyrov's guards andsuspected insurgents left 19 people dead in his village inAugust.

“A special operation to destroy the insurgents hastaken place,” Kadyrov said in a brief statement. He saidthat all the deputies and other people inside the buildinghad been freed. Earlier, Russia's federal InvestigativeCommittee said four attackers had been killed. Interfaxnews agency also reported that the rebels had takenhostages but it was impossible to confirm this.

At least 17 people were injured in the attack, one ofthe most brazen in Grozny for years.

Russia's leaders are struggling to contain a growingIslamist insurgency in the North Caucasus, a strip ofimpoverished, mainly Muslim provinces along predomi-nantly Orthodox Christian Russia's Southern border.

The Kremlin had declared victory in its battle withChechen separatists following two wars in Chechnya tocrush separatists since the 1991 fall of the Soviet Union.The federal government has poured money into rebuild-ing Grozny, which was devastated in the wars, andKadyrov boasts that Chechnya is more peaceful than theneighbouring regions of Dagestan and Ingushetia.Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said last Novemberthat strife in the North Caucasus was Russia's biggestdomestic problem.

Human rights activists say the Kremlin has relied forfar too long on local leaders and security forces whoseheavy-handed tactics have exacerbated the insurgency.

Prime Minister Vladimir Putin's policy in Chechnyahas been to back Kadyrov, a former rebel who switchedsides at the outbreak of Moscow's second war inChechnya. The bet on Kadyrov, who promised to placeeverything under control, proved wrong, said YevgenyVolk, a political analyst at the Yeltsin Foundation, aMoscow-based think tank.

Both Putin and Medvedev spoke to Kadyrov bytelephone about the attack, a sign of support for theChechen leader.

CommentThe dare devil attack on Chechen Parliament reminds

us of the similar type of attack on Indian Parliament in2003. India's security forces killed all the attackers but lostmore than half a dozen of their own men, making historyby saving all who were inside Parliament. The tentacles of

PD/December/2010/990 “There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.”

terrorists have expanded so widely and their ugly designshave so upgraded their aims that security of these loftydemocratic institutions is pathetically endangered. Theterrorist attack on the twin towers and the Pentagon inNew York earlier still reminds us how terrorism hasmade hell of our lives. Despite these horrendous incidentsthe world still finds itself unable to forge an internationalstrategy to extirpate terrorism altogether. Vested interestsof certain countries are really the great stumbling block.How much hell are we the citizens of the world destinedto face ?

Iran's Diplomatic Ruse to Scuttle Western Influence in Iraq

According to journalistic sources, particularly theGuardian, Iran is adopting diplomatic ruse to scuttlewestern influence in Iraq. As per the Guardian sources,Iran has brokered a critical deal with its regionalneighbourhood that could see a pro-Tehran governmentinstalled in Iraq, a move that would shift the fragilecountry sharply away from a sphere of western influence.

The Guardian can reveal that the Islamic Republic ofIran was instrumental in forming an alliance betweenIraq's Nouri-al Maliki, who is vying for a second term asPrime Minister, and the country's powerful radical Shiacleric leader, Maqtada al-Sadr.

The deal—which involved Syria, Lebanon's Hezbollahand the highest authorities in Shia Islam—positionsMaliki as a frontrunner to return as leader despite aseven-month stalemate between Iraq's feuding politicalblocks. It also positions Iran as a potent buffer to USInterests at a time when America is looking to change itsrelationship with Iraq from military overlords to civilianpartners.

Senior officials in Iraq have given the Guardian detailsof the behind-the scenes Iranian campaign which began inearnest in early September this year.

At the time US had only just withdrawn its lastdedicated combat units from Iraq but left behind apolitical vacuum with no government in place afterMarch elections delivered a seemingly irrevocably splitParliament.

The revelations come amid sharp criticism of the USdiplomatic role in Iraq since the election.

India Signs Nuclear Liability Treaty

● The treaty has so far been signed by 14 countries.

● It has been ratified by 4 countries, including the US.

● Bid to allay fears over liability Bill.

In a significant step which will enable it to do nuclearcommerce, India on October 27, 2010, signed the Con-vention on Supplementary Compensation (CSC), whichsets parameters on a nuclear operator's financial liability,at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) atVienna.

The Indian move is seen as an effort towards allayingconcerns of American companies on account of the newly-enacted Nuclear Liability law by Parliament.

Indian Ambassador to Austria andResident Representative to the IAEADinkar Khullar signs the Conventionon Supplementary Compensation forNuclear Damage at the InternationalAtomic Energy Agency (IAEA) head-quarters in Vienna on Oct. 27. JohanRautenbach, Director, IAEA (Office ofLegal Affairs), is seen second fromleft.

“We can confirmthat the Indian gover-nment has signed theCSC this morning,”International AtomicEnergy Agency offi-cials said.

The internationalconvention providesfor compensation incase of transnationalimplications of anuclear accident andhas been signed by 14countries, includingIndia.

However, onlyfour countries—US,Argentina, Moroccoand Romania haveratified the convention so far.

Upon entry into force, the Convention on Supple-mentary Compensation for Nuclear Damage wouldestablish a uniform global legal regime for compensationto victims in the unlikely event of a nuclear accident.

The CSC provides for establishment of an inter-national fund to increase the amount available to com-pensate victims and allows for compensating civil damageoccurring within a state's exclusive economic zone,including loss of tourism or fisheries-related income.

It also sets parameters on a nuclear operator's finan-cial liability, time limits governing possible legal action,requires that nuclear operators maintain insurance orother security measures and provides for a singlecompetent court to hear claims.

17th ASEAN Summit

The 17th Association of South East Asian Nations(ASEAN) Summit was held in Hanoi in last week ofOctober 2010. The leaders from the member countriesgathered to discuss the building of the ASEAN Commu-nity and other related topics. Delivering his speech at theopening ceremony Vietnamese Prime Minister NguyenTan Dung said that the meeting would take stock of theASEAN Community building process and define priorityin the future.

Apart from the Annual ASEAN + 1 Summits withChina, Japan, South Korea and India, the bloc heldsummits with Australia, New Zealand, Russia and theUnited Nations. The ASEAN also considered the elevationof the ASEAN—South Korea relationship into a strategicpartnership in addition to the existing ones with Chinaand Japan.

PD/December/2010/991 “I am not an Athenian or a Greek, but a citizen of the world.”

The master plans and declarations passed at the 17thASEAN Summit and related summits created a firmfoundation for the region to move forward. The three-dayseries of summits with the theme of ‘Towards the ASEANCommunity from vision to action’ gathered ten ASEANmembers and several partners—China, Japan, and UnitedStates. ASEAN leaders at the meeting adopted theMaster Plan on ASEAN Connectivity to enhance physical,institutional and people to people connectivity inASEAN.

Leaders of ASEAN also passed two important docu-ments at the meeting. The first one is on human resourcesand skills development for economic recoveryand sus-tainable growth, aiming to create new impetus for theregional growth. The second one is on welfare and deve-lopment for ASEAN women and children. It is expectedto contribute to the improvement of the social safety netin ASEAN.

According to Vietnamese Prime Minister NguyenTan Dung who is also ASEAN Chair 2010 ASEANcountries expressed strong determination at the meetingto intensify national efforts to enhance cooperation toaddress challenges like climate change, natural disastersand pandemic diseases.

In the meetings between ASEAN and partners, thediscussion through ASEAN-led mechanisms such asASEAN + 1, ASEAN + 3 and East Asia Summit werefruitful.

Fifth East Asia Summit

The fifth East Asia Summit (EAS) was held in Hanoi(Vietnam) in last week of October 2010. The leaders of ASEANand six dialogue partners gathered to discuss strategic issues ofrelevance to the region. The six dialogue partners China, Japan,South Korea, India, Australia and New Zealand held talks andexchanged views on regional and international issues in theEast Asian region with ASEAN nations that include Brunei,Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philip-pines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Russian ForeignMinister Sergei Lavrov and U.S. Scretary of State HillaryClinton were invited to attend this year’s EAS as special guests.Prime Minister Doctor Manmohan Singh also held talks withleaders on various strategic issues.

Prime Minister Manmohan Singh called for movingbeyond making policy declarations and dealing with imme-diate challenges to greater functional cooperation. Speaking atthe Fifth EAS summit, the Prime Minister defined the overallgoal of forging a wider Asian community as achieving integra-tion on economic, political, security, social and cultural issues.

He also dwellt on the world economic situation ahead ofnext G-20 summit in Seoul and termed the recovery as fragile.

This required ‘firm resistance’ to new protectionistmeasures in industrialised countries and reduction of existingbarriers to trade. Protectionism was not the answer to tradeand balance of payments problems, he added.

News in a Nutshell

Protector of the Seas

Bay Watch : Samudra Prahari, the first-ever pollution-controlwarship, arrived at Karwar from Mumbai on October 22. Thewarship has two sophisticated equipments to control oilspillage and pollution and it is the first such warship in Asiaand the third in the world. This ship will help control oilpollution, provide deep-sea protection and security to thecoast. The ship was commissioned on October 9. Manoj Badkar,deputy inspector general and commanding officer, is in charge.

$ 2.29 billion US Aid to Pakistan to FightTerror

The United States on October 22, 2010 announcedthat it would provide a whopping $ 2.29 billion as militaryaid to Pakistan tobolster its army'santiterror capabili-ties, notwithstandingIndia's concerns thatIslamabad has beendiverting a portionof such assistanceagainst it.

ApplaudingPakistan's role in thewar against terror,US Secretary of StateHillary Clinton saidthat the US had nostronger partnerwhen it comes tocounter terrorismthan Islamabad.

Ms. Clintonmade the remarks atthe opening of thethird US-PakistanStrategic Dialoguewith her Pakistanicounterpart ShahMahmood Qureshi.

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/992 “A fashion is nothing but an induced epidemic.”

GUJARAT

BJP Sweeps Gujarat Local Bodies ElectionsIn Gujarat local bodies elections held in October 2010,

BJP swept all six municipal corporation elections, BJPcaptured the Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot, Jam-nagar and Bhavnagar municipal corporations. The partyclaimed 41 of the 53 municipalities while the oppositionCongress could only win three municipalities with threegoing to others. In the Porbandar and the Botad munici-palities, the BJP and Congress have each one 21 seats. BJPalso registered impressive victory in rural Gujarat as itclaimed 21 of the 24 district panchayats. The Party alsoclaimed 162 of the 208 taluk panchayats and 41 of the 53municipalities, elections for which were held in October2010. The Congress was wiped out from the entire Kutch-Saurashtra and Central Gujarat regions.

The Congress only won the Gandhinagar and Tapidistrict panchayats, while in the Broach district panchayatsix independents held the key as the BJP won 14 and theCongress 11 seats in the 31-member House.

In the elections to the 208 of the 225 taluk panchayatsthe Congress had 81 taluk panchayats under its controlbefore. The BJP’s strength increased from 127 to 162 talukpanchayats. Two taluk panchayats went to the Janata Dal(United). No party was able to secure a clear majority insix bodies.

HARYANA

Awards Instituted for Women

The Haryana Government has instituted three state-level awards to honour those women who have excelledin various fields. This was announced by Haryana FinanceMinister on October 17, 2010. The awards are IndiraGandhi Shakti Awards which will be given to thosewomen who have done selfless service to society andhave played a model role in the field of rehabilitation ofwomen and children. Another award Kalpana ChawlaShoriya Award would be given to those women who haveshown exemplary courage while putting their lives at risk.The Bahin Shanno Devi Panchayati Raj Award (namedafter woman Speaker of Haryana) would be given tothose women panchayati leaders who have done out-standing work on women empowerment and femaleliterary.

The Indira Gandhi Mahila Shakti Award would carryRs. 1 lakh whereas Kalpana Chawla Shoriya Award andBahin Shanno Devi Panchayati Raj Award would carryRs. 51,000 each.

Sanskrit Awards Given AwayHaryana Governor Jagannath Pahadia honoured 12

Sanskrit litterateurs in Chandigarh on October 22, 2010.The Governor conferred the Maharishi Valmiki Puraskar,Maharishi Ved Vyas Puraskar and Maharishi Baan BhattPuraskar for 2008-09 on Ram Bhagat Sharma, SwamiNigambodh Tirath and Baldev Singh Mehra respectively.The awards for 2009-10 were conferred on Acharya VijayPal Vidyawaridhi, R.B. Langyan and Sri Krishan Sharma.

The Guru Virjanand Acharya Puraskar, Vidyamar-tanda Pandit Sita Ram Shastri Acharya Puraskar andPandit Yudhistir Mimansak Acharya Puraskar for theyear 2008-09 were conferred on Sadhu Ram Shastri, DayaKrishan Panth and Devi Dutt Vats. The awards for 2009-10 were conferred on Ranjit Mishra, Hukum ChandSharma and Ram Swaroop Shastri.

Besides, the Haryana Government has institutedHaryana Sanskrit Gaurav Puraskar for Sanskrit Lite-rature. This award will be given from next year. This wasannounced during the Sanskrit Sahityakar SammanSamaroh organised on the occasion of Maharishi Valmikibirth anniversary at the Haryana Raj Bhawan in Chandi-garh on October 22, 2010.

The award would carry Rs. 1·50 lakh in cash. Also,the prize money of the Guru Virjanand Acharya Puraskar,Vidhyamartanda Pandit Sita Ram Acharya Puraskar andPandit Yudhistir Mimansak Acharya Puraskar has beenhiked to Rs. 51,000 each.

JHARKHAND

Munda Cabinet ExpandedJharkhand Chief Minister Arjun Munda on October 8,

2010 expanded his Cabinet by inducting nine more mini-sters. With their induction, the total strength of Cabinethas gone upto 12. The total representation of JharkhandMukti Morcha in the Cabinet is five including DeputyChief Minister Hemant Soren.

The other JMM ministers are Hemalal Murmu,Champai Soren, Haji Hussain Ansari and Mathura Matho.The three new BJP ministers are Baijnath Ram, VimlaPradhan and Satyanand Jha. The All Jharkhand StudentsUnion (AJSU) and JD(U) members inducted into thecabinet are—Chandra Prakash Chaudhary and GopalKrishn Patar alias Raja Peter.

KERALA

Congress-Led Front Emerges Victorious inLocal Bodies Elections

In a keenly-fought local bodies elections in KeralaCongress-led United Democratic Front (UDF) has

PD/December/2010/993 “A lifetime of happiness ! No man alive could bear it; it would be hell on earth.”

emerged winner in majority of districts, blocks and gram-panchayats. The elections were held in October 2010.

As per statistics the UDF has wrested control of theThiruvananthapuram, Pathanamthitta, Kottayam, Idukki,Ernakulam, Thrissur, Malappuram and Wayanad districtpanchayats, leaving Kollam, Alappuzha, Palakkad,Kannur and Kasaragod to the CPI (M)-led LDF. The LDFsecured 25 as against 71 block panchayasts won bythe UDF. None of the fronts secured absolute majority intwo block panchayats—Perumgadavila in Thiruvanantha-puram district and Pandalam in Pathanamthitta district.

The UDF has got majority in 530 grama panchayatsand the LDF in 258. As in the case of the blocks, neitherthe UDF nor the LDF got an absolute majority in 52 gramapanchayats. Either the independents or the BJP memberswill prove to be a decisive factor in the 53 gram-panchayats.

The UDF upstaged the LDF in two out of the five CityCorporations, in Kochi and Thrissur, and won 38 out ofthe 58 municipalities.

It may be noted here that during the previous roundof local body elections in 2005, the LDF had secured allthe five City Corporations and got absolute majority in90 per cent of the municipalities, blocks and gram-panchayats. A shift to the UDF.

PUNJAB

Projects Worth Rs. 2,552 crore ApprovedThe State Empowered Committee in October 2010

approved mega manufacturing projects in Punjab. Theyinclude four industrial parks. Which are ChandigarhInfrastructure Developers, Punnu Land Developers, aconsortium of Penguin Buildtech and Veer Colonizers andBuilders and Taksonz Developers and Infrastructureworth Rs. 694 crore for the districts of Mohali, Ludhianaand Amritsar.

Besides these four industrial parks, three hotels and ahealth tourism project have also been approved. Theinvestment in these projects stands at Rs. 2,552·08 crore.

The projects are expected to generate direct andindirect employment for 25,343 people.

The projects approved at the Committee meeting,held under the chairmanship of Chief Minister PrakashSingh Badal, are : Amtek Railcar Industries, AllianceIntegrated Metaliks, Madhav Alloys, Chadha Sugars,Nahar Spinning Mills, Max India and Puneet Spintex inthe districts of Fatehgarh Sahib, Patiala, Gurdaspur,Ludhiana, Malerkotla and Nawanshahr.

RAJASTHAN

Barmer Basin has 480 million tonnes OilRajasthan Petroleum Minister Ramlal Jat recently

announced : the presence of 3·6 billion barrel that is—480million tonnes of crude oil in the Barmer—Sanchore basinof the state. It may be added here that Cairn Energy has

discovered oil and natural gas in 25 blocks of the region.3000-6000 million cubic metre natural gas deposits havealso been reported to be found. The 25 oilfields asdiscovered by Cairn Energy in Barmer-Sanchore basininclude Mangala, Aishwarya, Saraswati, Shakti andRajashwari. Cairn Energy was issued licences for carryingout investigations in 21 blocs and minings lease in 10blocs by the Rajasthan Government. The state has earnedan income of Rs. 517·77 crore as revenue from oil andnatural gas till September 2010. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 984

The Centre Constitutes Environment TribunalIn a bid to protect environment the Centre has taken

an important step by constituting a National GreenTribunal on October 19, 2010. The Tribunal will beheadquartered in Delhi and it will have four benches. Theformer judge of the Supreme Court Justice LokeshwarSingh Panta has been appointed its Chairman.

The tribunal can punish those who cause damage toenvironment or violate environmental laws.

The Tribunal can impose a fine of upto Rs. 10 croreon an individual and Rs. 25 crore on a company and canaward rigorous imprisonment also. It can take a Suo Motoaction on matters pertaining to environment. A Bill waspassed about it in the last session of Parliament, nowknown as National Green Tribunal Act.

India, Iraq Modify Bilateral Air Service PactIndia and Iraq on October 19 modified a bilateral air

service agreement, permitting each to operate up to 12flights a week to four destinations in the other's territory.The 1955 agreement was modified following two days ofconsultations between delegates of the two nations, led byPrashant Sukul, secretary, civil aviation ministry, andIraq's Air Traffic Services director Ali K. Ibrahim. Indianairlines will now be able to operate direct flights toBaghdad, Basrah, Al Najaf and one more point to bespecified later.

GOM Nod for India-Malaysia Pact on RoadsA ministerial panel on roads has approved a proposal

for an agreement between India and Malaysia on high-way projects, road transport and highways ministerKamal Nath said. Earlier, certain clauses in the proposalare believed to have raised eyebrows in the Cabinet and itwas referred to a Group of Minister by Prime MinisterManmohan Singh.

UAV Nishant Test SuccessfulThe Defence Research and Development Organisa-

tion (DRDO) has successfully test flown the indigenousunmanned Aerial Vehicle Nishant, which was used to tryout the technology for monitoring the UAV’s health inflight.

Elephant Declared a Heritage AnimalThe Central government on October 22, 2010 declared

elephant a national heritage animal to step up measuresfor their protection. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/994 “Criminals do not die by the hands of the law. They die by the hands of other men.”

AIS—Automatic Identification Systems.DEAL—Defence Electronics Application Laboratory.FAC—Fast Attack Craft.FIC—Fast Interceptor Craft.HINDRAF—Hindu Rights Action Force.UAV—Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.

Mohamed Abdullahi MohamedSomalia’s President on October 14, 2010 appointed

a Somali-American diplomat Mohamed AbdullahiMohamed as his Prime Minister, filling a post vacant foralmost two months.

Mr. Abdullahi (49) takes over from Omar AbdirashidAli Sharmaske who resigned in September after a longrunning power struggle with the President.

K. Vijay KumarK. Vijay Kumar, Director, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

National Police Academy (NPA), Hyderabad has beenappointed the new Director-General of the Central ReservePolice Force (CRPF) headquartered in New Delhi.

K. Vijay Kumar, new Director-General of the Central ReservePolice Force at its headquarters inNew Delhi on October 6.

Mr. Kumarreplaces Vikram Sri-vastava, who has beentransferred and postedas Director of theBureau of PoliceResearch and Deve-lopment (BPR&D) inthe place of PrasunMukherjee, who retiredon September 30.

Mr. Kumar, a1975–batch IPS officerof Tamil Nadu cadretook charge of his newassignment on October6, 2010. He is the onlyIPS officer in the State to have been awarded thePresident’s Police Medal for Gallantry.

Mr. Vijay Kumar is the first officer from the TamilNadu cadre chosen to head the CRPF. Earlier, he was partof the Special Protection Group team that providedsecurity to the former Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi.

He had a stint in the Special Security Group and laterserved as Inspector-General of Police (Operations) in theBSF in Kashmir. During his tenure in the NPA, Mr. VijayKumar made jungle warfare training mandatory to IPSprobationers.

Kasturiranjan to Chair JNU Vice-ChancellorSearch Panel

As visitor of Jawahar Lal Nehru University (JNU),President Pratibha Patil has cleared the name of eminentspace scientist K. Kasturiranjan as her nominee to chairthe search committee for selection of the Vice-Chancellorfor the University. The term of the incumbent B. B.Bhattacharya got over in June this year.

New Director for Delhi TranscoS. N. Jha, an IAS officer of AGMU cadre, took over as

Director (HR) of Delhi Transco on October 8. He hasearlier served as Deputy Commissioner MCD, GeneralManager Delhi State Industrial Development Corporationand Additional Commissioner (Food and Supplies).

Mr. Jha has also been given additional charge ofDirector (HR) of Indraprastha Power Generation Com-pany, Pragati Power Corporation and Delhi PowerCompany.

Anirudh UppalThe central government on October 20, 2010 approved

the appointment of senior IPS officer Anirudh Uppal ashead of the CRPF in Jammu & Kashmir.

Uppal, a 1976-batch Himachal Pradesh cadre officer,will be the new Special Director General of the CRPF inJammu and Kashmir following the approval of theAppointments Committee of Cabinet headed by PrimeMinister Manmohan Singh. Uppal was serving as theAdditional Director-General in Indo-Tibetan Border Policeand has earlier served as Inspector General with the eliteNSG in Delhi.

Indian-American Sworn in as US Top ScienceOfficial

IIT Madras alumnus, Subra Suresh, has been appoin-ted as the Director of America's National ScienceFoundation (NSF), the top US science body with a $ 7·4billion budget to support scientific institutions. He is the13th director of the NSF.

He has served as dean of the engineering school andas Vannevar Bush Professor of Engineering at MIT(Massachusetts Institute of Technology). A mechanicalengineer, who later became interested in materials scienceand biology, Suresh has done pioneering work studyingthe biomechanics of blood cells under the influence ofdiseases such as malaria.

PD/December/2010/995 “Democracy is a device that ensures we shall be governed no better than we deserve.”

From 2000 to 2006, Suresh served as the head of theMIT Department of Materials Science and Engineering.He joined MIT in 1993 as the R P Simmons Professor ofMaterials Science and Engineering and held joint facultyappointments in the departments of mechanical engineer-ing and biological engineering, as well as the division ofhealth sciences and technology.

Napalchyal Sworn in as Uttarakhand CICUttarakhand governor Margaret Alva on October 20

administered an oath of office and secrecy to newly-appointed Uttarakhand Chief Information Commissioner(CIC) N. S. Napalchyal and two other informationcommissioners—Prabhat Dabral and Anil Sharma—at asimple ceremony held at Raj Bhavan.

Napalchyal, 60,who retired voluntarily as Uttara-khand chief secretary, replaces RS Tolia who retired acouple of days ago.

Xi JinpingChinese Vice-President Xi Jinping has been promoted

to Vice-Chairman of a key Communist Party military

Xi Jinping

committee, state media reported onOctober 18. Party leaders also pledgedto make vigorous yet steady efforts topromote political restructuring, Xinhuasaid, citing a document issued atOctober 18’s close of an annual meetingof the ruling party’s Central Committee.Xinhua also gave few details about Xi’s

appointment to the Central Military Commission thatoverseas the 2·3 million member People’s Liberation Army(PLA).

PERSONS IN THE NEWS

Priti KumarPriti Kumar (34) is the first motorwoman of western

railway. October 13 was a historic day for the WesternRailway (WR) when the first suburban train driven by amotorwoman chugged out of Churchgate station inMumbai amidst a great reception from commuters whogathered at the station to witness the memorable moment.

Priti Kumar, first motorwoman ofwestern railway takes first ride toBorivli

As Priti Kumardrove the Church-gate—Borivli trainthe cameramen wenton a shooting ram-page while the com-muters cheered asthey went on a his-toric train ride.

“It’s a matter ofpride for all of us.The train journey issymbolic of womennot being less than men. Gone are the days when womenwould look only after routine household chores,” said anemotional Prakash Gangad who commuted in the Borivli-bound train.

Nepalese Teen Named World’s Shortest ManNepalese teen Khagendra Thapa Magar, 18, who

stands just a little over 2 feet, on Wednesday received a

Khagendra Thapa Magar isweighed before beingdeclared world’s shortestman.

memorable birthday gift—titleof the world’s shortest man.Khagendra measured 67·08 cmtall, nearly 2 inches shorterthan his predecessor, GuinnessWorld Records announced.He snatched the record fromColombia’s Edward ‘Nino’Hernandez. On being announ-ced the new shortest living man,Khagendra, who weighs 6·5 kg,said, “I don’t consider myselfto be a small man. I am a bigman.”

V. RadhakrishnanEighty one year old Professor V. Radhakrishnan,

eminent radio astronomer and Trustee of the RamanResearch Institute, Bangalore, is one of the few Indianswho have been criss-crossing the oceans in a yacht, thattoo designed by him. The son of Sir C. V. Raman, he is ona mission to learn more on his chosen field on his yacht‘Eldemer’.

Professor V. Radhakrishnan at theKochi marina on October 4.

He is planning tocall at many continentswhile circumnavigati-ng the world. ThoughEldemer can accom-modate six people, Pro-fessor Radhakrishnanis taking along twopeople from Bangalore

and two from Kochi on the global expedition. He is not anovice in seafaring, having sailed from Britain to Australiathrough the Atlantic and the Pacific, in 1965. He has beenworking on the yacht for the past six years and in betweenhas sailed to Sri Lanka, Oman and Yemen. ProfessorRadhakrishnan was in Kochi when the Kochi Marina—thefirst of its kind in India, was commissioned. While inKochi, he participated in the Vasco Da Gama yacht rally.

Marisol Valles GarciaThe 20-year old Marisol Valles Garcia has become the

Police Chief in Mexico in the borderland where druggangs have killed public officials and terrified manycitizens into fleeing.

Ms. Garcia wassworn in on October20, 2010 to bringlaw and order to atownship of about8,500 that has beentransformed from asting of quiet farm-ing communitiesinto a lawless noman’s land. The tinybut nergetic VallesGarcia whose onlypolice experiencewas a stint as a

PD/December/2010/996 “England and America are two countries separated by a common language.”

department secretary says she wants her 13 officers topractise a special brand of community policing.

DEATHS

Dame Joan SutherlandAustralian opera legend Dame Joan Sutherland was

hailed as ‘La Stupenda’ and ‘voice of the century’ onOctober 10, 2010 after she died following an illness aged83, leaving behind an extraordinary legacy.

Joan Sutherland

Ms. Sutherland dazzledEuropean audiences with hervocal range and ability from the1950s until after her retirementin 1990, after her family announ-ced her death at her Swiss homeon the shores of Lake Geneva.

Ms. Sutherland had risenfrom obscure roots in Sydney,Australia, where she was bornto a tone deaf father and music-loving mother in 1926.

Solomon BurkeSoul singer Solomon Burke, who wrote Everybody

Needs Somebody To Love’ and recovered the hit ‘Cryto Me’ used in the movie ‘Dirty Dancing’ died atAmsterdam's Schirphol airport. He was 70.

Dutch national broadcaster NOS said Burke died on aplane early on October 10 after arriving on a flight fromLos Angeles. Mr. Burke was both a Grammy winner and amember of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. He wasknown as ‘King of Rock and Soul’.

Soundara KailasamEminent Tamil poet and writer Soundara Kailasam,

who is the mother-in-law of Union Home MinisterP. Chidambaram passed away on October 16, 2010 at herresidence in Chennai. She was 83.

SoundaraKailasam

Though she hadn’t got full academiceducation, she won laurel for herself inseveral fields. She was a member of theSenate of the Madras University, Anna-malai University and the ThanjavurTamil Varsity. She also served as aMember of the State Backward classesCommission.

She published poetry collections,essays and short stories. She was

awarded the Asan Prize for Poetry in 1989 for the poetrycollection ‘Soundara Kailasam Kanthaigal’. The IslamicLiterary conference held at Kilakkarai 1990 gave an awardfor her contributions to Islamic literature also. Her book‘Alavartra Arulalah’ was released by the Islamic Founda-tion, as a unique recognition to a Hindu woman writingan Islamic text. Mrs. Kailasam was also an orator of greatdistinction, at a time when few women came forward tomake public speeches in the state.

Benoit MandelbotBenoit Mandelbrot, a French-American mathe-

matician who explored a new class of mathematicalshapes known as ‘fractuals’ died at the age of 85 inCambridge, Massachusetts U.S.A. The New York Timesreported on October 16, 2010.

Mandelbrot’s book ‘Fractual Geometry of Nature’,published in 1982 argued that irregular mathematicalobjects once dismissed as ‘pathological’ were a reflectionof nature. He is known as the father of fractual geometry.

The fractual geometry he developed would be usedto measure natural phenomena like clouds or coastlinesthat were once believed to be unmeasurable.

He applied the theory to physics, biology, financeand many other fields of study. He in fact had effectivelyrevolutionised his field. He has been described as an “iconwho changed how we see the world”. In the USA andaround the world his work attracted the attention ofacademics.

Farooq LeghariFarooq Ahmed Khan Leghari, Pakistan’s eighth

President died on October 19, 2010 after a prolongedillness. He was 70.

Farooq Leghariin this 1996 file

photo.

Mr. Leghari was President fromNovember 14, 1993 to December 2,1997.

Mr. Leghari began his politicalcareer with the Pakistan People’s Partybut fell out with it when he dismissedthe then Prime Minister BenazirBhutto’s government in 1996.

Born on May 2, 1940, Mr. Legharidid his schooling and graduation inPakistan before going to OxfordUniversity for post-graduation. He returned to Pakistan tojoin the Civil Services from which he resigned in 1973 tojoin the PPP.

K. E. EapenK. E. Eapen, a pioneer in journalism and commu-

nication education in the country passed away inBangalore on October 23, 2010. He was 87.

K. E. Eapen

Professor Eapen was actively asso-ciated with journalism for over 50 years,having set up three university depart-ments of journalism and communica-tion, and many organisations connectedwith the field.

Professor Eapen was the first con-vener of the University Grants Commis-sion (UGC) panel in mass communica-

tion, and the first UGC National Lecturer and EmeritusFellow, Journalism/Communication.

Dr. Eapen was recently honoured in New Delhi withthe AMIC Asian Communication Award. His book‘Critical Issues in Communication : Looking Inward forAnswers’ proves beyond doubt that he was one of themost distinguished communication teachers and analystsin India.

PD/December/2010/997 “Everything happens to everybody sooner or later if there is time enough.”

Nestor Kirchner with hiswife Crisitina Fernandezin Buenos Aires in thisDecember 10, 2007.

Nestor KirchnerThe former Argentine

President, Nestor Kirchner—thecountry’s most powerful politi-cian along with his wife, currentPresident Crisitina Fernandez—died suddenly on October 27,2010 after suffering from severeheart attack. He was 60.

Mr. Kirchner was a likelycandidate in next year’s presi-dential elections. He also servedas Secretary-General of the SouthAmerican alliance known asUnasur, as a Congressman and asleader of the Peronist party.

AWARDS AND HONOURS

LG ICC Awards Given Away : Sachin isCricketer of the Year

Sachin Tendulkar emerged winner at the LG ICCAwards on October 6, 2010 in Bangalore after receivingtwo awards simultaneously. He bagged t he Sir Garfield

Sachin Tendulkar with the twotrophies he received at the LG ICCAwards night in Bangalore onOctober 6, 2010.

Sobers Cricketer of theYear Award and LGPeople’s Choice Award.Tendulkar became thesecond Indian toreceive the award afterRahul Dravid got it in2004. Virender Sehwagwith 1, 282 runs to hiscredit in Test cricketwas adjudged ‘the TestCricketer of the Year’while Mahendra SinghDhoni was named theskipper of a World TestXI. A. B. de Villiers ofSouth Africa was

adjudged the ODI Player of the Year. While ShelleyNitschke of Australia was given the Women’s Cricketer ofthe Year Award Steven Finn of England was declared theEmerging Player of the Year.

The List of the awardees : Sir Garfield SobersCricketer of the Year : Sachin Tendulkar, LG People’sChoice Award : Sachin Tendulkar; Women’s Cricketer ofthe Year : Shelley Nitschke (Australia); Test Player of theYear : Virender Sehwag; ODI Player of the Year : A. B. deVilliers (South Africa); Spirit of Cricket : New Zealand;Umpire of the Year : Aleem Dar (Pakistan); EmergingPlayer : Steven Finn (England); Associate and AffiliatePlayer : Ryan ten Doeschate (Netherlands); Twenty-20International Performance of the Year : BrendonMcCullum (of New Zealand for his unbeaten 116 againstAustralia at Christchurch of February 28, 2010).

Inductees into the ICC Hall of Fame : Bishan SinghBedi, Joel Garner, Courtney Walsh and Rachael HeyhoeFlint.

ICC Test World XI : M. S. Dhoni (captain), VirenderSehwag, Simon Katich, Sachin Tendulkar, Hashim Amla,Kumar Sangakkara, Jacques Kallis, Graeme Swann, JamesAnderson, Dale Steyn and Doug Bollinger.

ICC ODI World XI : Ricky Ponting (captain), SachinTendulkar, Shane Watson, Michael Hussey, A. B. deVilliers, Paul Collingwood, M. S. Dhoni (wicketkeeper),Daniel Vettori, Stuart Broad, Doug Bollinger and RyanHarris.

Wei Zhang Wins SASTRA Ramanujan PrizeWei Zhang—a Benjamin Pierce instructor at the

Department of Mathematics. Harvard University (USA)has been honoured with the 2010 SASTRA RamanujanPrize. As per a recent release from the Shanmugha Arts,Sciences, Technology, Research Academy (SASTRA)University. Dr. Wei Zhang has been recognised formaking a profound influence at the young age of 29 in awide range of areas of mathematics. It may be mentionedhere that SASTRA Ramanujan Prize was established in2005 and is given annually for outstanding contributionby very young mathematicians in areas influenced byIndian mathematician Srinivasan Ramanujan.

Tribal Woman Gets Women’s World SummitFoundation Prize for 2010

Santosh Bai—a former woman sarpanch who belongsto the backward Sahariya tribal community of Baran

Former woman Sarpanch of Baladavillage of Rajasthan Santosh Baireceiving Women’s World SummitFoundation prize from former StateHigh Court Judge Panachand Jain inJaipur on October 17, 2010

district in Rajasthanhas bagged theprestigious Women’sWorld SummitFoundation (WWSF)prize for 2010. Shewas given the awardon October 17, 2010in recognition ofher achievementschallenging men’sdominance in hervillage and defyingirrational customsimposed on women on the pretext of traditional beliefs. Itmay be added here that Geneva-based WWSF andInternational Empowerment Network for women hasbeen awarding the prize for women’s creativity in rurallife to the members of fair sex from across the world.Santosh Bai of Balada village in Baran district is amongthe eleven recipients of the prize in 2010. The citationreads Santosh Bai, as an ‘outstanding tribal woman’ whocommitted herself to ending harmful myths and practicesand discrimination against women.

J. K. Rowling Bags Danish AwardHarry Potter author J. K. Rowling has recently won

the Hans Christian Anderson Literature Prize. She is thefirst recipient of the 5,00,000 kroner ($ 93,352) award. Theaward was given to her on October 19, 2010. It may beadded here that the prize is given to a person who can becompared with Anderson, the Danish writer who wasborn in 1805 and wrote some 160 fairy tales and poemsbefore his death in 1875.

PD/December/2010/998 “Hell is full of musical amateurs.”

Howard Jacobson : Winner of the 2010 ManBooker Prize for Fiction

British writer and journalist Howard Jacobson’snovel ‘The Finkler Question’ has won the 2010 Man Booker

H o w a r d J a c o b s o n ,winner of the 2010 ManBooker Prize for Fiction,poses with his book TheFinkler Question.

Prize for Fiction. The FinklerQuestion is the semi-autobio-graphical comic take on hisJewish identity. Jacobson whowas born in Manchester currentlylives in London. He won thisprestigious prize after beatingTom Mc Carthy’s C and EmmaDonoghue’s Room. ‘The FinklerQuestion’ is described as a novelabout “love, loss and malefriendship” and explores what itmeans to be Jewish in today’s age.Critics say—the novel has somewittiest, most poignant andsharply intelligent comic prose in the English language.Jacobson’s other famous novels are ‘Kalooki Nights’ and‘Who’s Sorry Now’ ?

Asian Awards 2010 PresentedIndia’s Cricketer Sachin Tendulkar was honoured

with Lebara People’s Choice Award at the inauguralAsian Awards given in last week of October 2010 inLondon. Ratheesan Yoganathan CEO Lebara while pre-senting the award to Sachin Tendulkar said. “Tendulkar isone of the greatest cricketers of all time”.

The Asian Awards 2010, presented by Lord SebastianCoe, saw leaders in business, sports and the arts inattendance, including award winners Yash Chopra, A. R.Rahman and Vijay Mallya alongside guests JermaineJackson, Nasser Hussain OBE, Gurinder Chadha, ChristianLouboutin and playback singer Sonu Nigam.

Oscar-award winning music director Rahman wonthe award for outstanding achievement in music, whileYash Chopra received the outstanding achievement awardin Cinema.

Liquor-baron Vijay Mallya was chosen as the ‘Entre-preneur of the Year’ while telecom giant Bharti-Airtelowner Sunil Mittal was named the ‘Philanthropist of theyear’.

Mittal’s award was collected by Eiesha BhartiPasricha. Bollywood Star Amitabh Bachchan got the ‘Life-time Achievement award’.

Other recipients of the awards were : Ratan Tata(Business Leader of the Year, collected by Anwar Hasan),Zarin Patel (Public Servant of the year), Prof. MuhammadYunus (Social Entrepreneur of the year, collected byShiban Mahbub), Abu Jani and Sandeep Khosla (Out-standing achievement in Arts and Design), GeorgeAlagiah OBE (Outstanding achievement in Television).

Jamnalal Bajaj Awards PresentedPresident Pratibha Patil on October 28, 2010 presen-

ted the Jamnalal Bajaj Awards for 2010 for outstandingcontributions in social development.

Chewang Norphel, a 74-year-old civil engineer fromLadakh, was presented the award for application ofscience and technology for rural development. His‘artificial glacier’ has helped farmers in the dry and

difficult regions of Ladakh get water supply in April andMay—the most crucial period of sowing.

Chunibhai Vaidya, a nonagenarian from Ahmeda-bad, was given the award for outstanding contribution inthe field of constructive work. Mr. Vaidya has been activein many movements in Gujarat and Rajasthan forbetterment of the poor and the marginalised.

The award for development and welfare of womenand children was given to Shakuntala Choudhary, anonagenarian from Assam.

The award for promoting Gandhian values outsideIndia was given to Lia Diskin from Brazil. It may beadded here that the winners were chosen from 124nominations across the world.

Miss USA Alexandria Mills Crowned MissWorld 2010

Miss USA Alexandria Mills was crowned the 60thMiss World 2010 on October 30, 2010 in China’s SanyaCity. Miss Botswana Emma Wareus was named the first

Miss World 2010 Alexandria Mills

runner-up while Miss Venezuela Adriana Vasini wasnamed the second runner-up. Indian beauty ManasviMamgai even failed to find a place in the top 20. The juryincluded former Miss World winners Denise Perrier Lanfranchi (1953), Ann Sidney (1964), Mary Stavin (1977)Agbani Darego (2001) and Maria Julia Mant.

National Safety Awards PresentedUnion Minister for Labour and Employment

Mallikarjun Kharge presented the National Safety Councilof India (NSCI) Safety Awards for 2009 on October 30,2010 in Mumbai. These awards are given to promoteoccupational safety, health and welfare of labourers in theindustry.

Shapoorji Pallonji and Co. Ltd. won the first prize inthe construction sector for their project for General MotorsIndia in Talegaon, Maharashtra.

Cray Valley Resins India Private Ltd., and theMaharashtra Industrial Development Corporation India(MIDC), Navi Mumbai won the first prize in Micro, Smalland Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector. In the manufac-turing sector, the second prize was distributed among fivecompanies including the Kakrapar Atomic Power Stationat Anumala, Gujarat. There was no winner of the firstprize in this sector.

Out of the 290 applicant companies assessed in allthree sectors, 54 companies have been awarded for safelabour practices.

PD/December/2010/999/3 “Indolence is sweet, and its consequences bitter.”

NOBEL PRIZES 2010The Nobel Prizes for 2010 were announced in October 2010.

MedicineBritish scientist Robert Edwards has been selected for the 2010 Nobel Prize for Medicine. He has been given

this award for his pioneering work in in-vitro-fertilization (IVF). It was Robert Edwards whose pioneeringresearch with his late colleague Patrick Steptoe (who died in 1988) led to the birth of the world’s first test tube baby.The Nobel Assembly at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute which awarded the prize (worth ten million SwedishKronor) described his work as a milestone of modern medicine. It said in a statement—“His work has madepossible the treatment of infertility—a medical condition that affects a large proportion of humanity including morethan 10% of couples worldwide” Edwards along with his late colleague Steptoe founded the Bourn Hall Clinic inCambridge—which is the world’s first In-Vetro-Fertilization Centre.

RobertEdwards

Physics

Professor Konstantin Novoselov (left)and Professor Andrei Geim, winners ofthe 2010 Nobel Physics Prize

Russian born Andrei Geim and Konstantin Novoselov of Manchester Universitywere named joint winners of the Nobel Prize for Physics for 2010. They have beenbestowed with the award for their groundbreaking work on experiments withgraphene—a new form of carbon. Professor Geim is Dutch citizen. The Prize Committeesaid—“Since it is practically transparent and a good conductor, graphene could be usedfor producing transparent touch screens, light panels and may be even solar cells”. Thusgraphene has immense possibilities. As a material graphene is completely new andalmost completely transparent yet so dense that not even helium (the smallest gas atom)can pass through it.

ChemistryThree scientists—Akira Suzuki and Ei-ichi Negishi from Japan and Richard

F. Heck from United States of America have won the Nobel Prize for Chemistryfor 2010 in October 2010. They have been awarded the Nobel Prize for inventingnew ways to bind carbon atom with uses that range from fighting cancer toproducing thin computer screens. Akira Suzuki, Ei-ichi Negishi and RichardHeck shared the prize for the development of palladium—‘catalysed crosscoupling’. The Nobel Committee for Chemistry at the Royal Swedish Academy ofSciences said in a statement—“Palladium—catalysed cross coupling is used inresearch worldwide as well as in the commercial production of—for example,pharmaceuticals and molecules used in the electronics industry”.

The winners of the 2010 Nobel Prize inChemistry. (From left) Akira Suzuki, Ei-ichiNegishi and Richard F. Heck.

Mario Vargas LlosaThe 2010 Nobel PrizeWinner for Literature

LiteraturePeruvian—Spanish author and one of the most renowned novelists of his generation Mario Vargas

Llosa (74) has won the Nobel Prize for Literature for 2010 for “his Cartography of structures of power andhis trenchant images of the individual’s resistance, revolt and defeat”. In the words of Peter England—Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy—“Mr. Llosa is one of the great Latin Americanstorytellers—a master of dialogue who has been searching for the elusive concept known as the totalnovel and who believes in the power of fiction to improve upon the world”.

Mr. Llosa’s first major international breakthrough came in 1963, with the publication of the novelThe Time of the Hero.

His other profoundly influential novel was The Feast of the Goat (2000). Other well known worksinclude Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter (1977), The War of the End of the World (1981) and, more recently, Deathin the Andes (1993).

‘Conversation in the Cathedral’ published in 1969 was his monumental work.

PeaceChinese political activist Liu Xiaobo (aged 54) who is in the jail has been awarded the Nobel Peace

Prize for 2010. The Norwegian Nobel Committee which gives the award said—“Mr. Liu has been given theaward for his calls for political reform, for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rightsin China”. “The Norwegian Nobel Committee has long believed that there is a close connection betweenhuman rights and peace” it said in a statement. “Such rights are a prerequisite for the fraternity betweennations of which Alfred Nobel wrote in his will”.

Liu Xiaobo.The 2010 Nobel Prize

Winner for Peace

Christopher Pissarides, Peter Diamond and DaleMortensen : The Nobel Prize Winners of Econo-mics for 2010

EconomicsThree economists—Peter Diamond and Dale Mortensen of USA and

British–Cypriot Christopher Pissarides have won the 2010 Nobel EconomicsPrize. They have been awarded for their work on why supply and demand donot always meet in the labour market and elsewhere. The jury lauded the trio fortheir analysis of markets with search frictions which helps explain howunemployment, job vacancies, and wages are affected by regulation andeconomic policy. It is important to mention that as per traditional theory labourmarket should work on their own, with job seekers finding available job and thereby creating balance. But the Diamond–Mortensen–Pissarides or DMP

model–developed by the three show that markets do not always work in this way. The jury also noted that the trio’s work in searchtheory can also be applied to other areas including housing markets and public economics besides labour markets.

PD/December/2010/1000 “I often quote myself. It adds spice to my conversation.”

CONSTITUTION/JUSTICE/LAW

Unintentional Disobedience is not Contempt :Says Apex Court

Accidental or unintentional disobedience of courtorders does not amount to contempt, unless there is awilful attempt to obstruct the course of justice, theSupreme Court has ruled.

“Accidental or unintentional disobedience is notsufficient to justify one for holding guilty of contempt”, aBench of Justices J M Panchal and Gyan Sudha Misra heldin their judgement.

“It is further relevant to bear in mind the settled lawon the law of contempt that casual or accidental orunintentional acts of disobedience under the circum-stances which negate any suggestion of contumacy,would amount to a contempt in theory only and does notrender the contemnor liable to punishment,” the courtsaid.

The court gave the verdict while quashing thecontempt proceedings initiated against Dinesh KumarGupta, Deputy Registrar (Judicial), Rajasthan High Court.

Gupta had moved the apex court questioning thecontempt proceedings initiated against him by the SingleJudge of the High Court on December 8, 2006 for analleged contempt committed by his predecessor in 2001vis-a-vis an order passed by the judge on March 22, 2001.

The High Court had initiated contempt against Guptaon the ground that the order for initiating inquiry againsta Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal (MACT) Judge S. K.Bansal was sought to be scuttled by the registry.

Upholding the appeal, Justice Sudha writing thejudgement said at the relevant period of order passed bythe High Court, Gupta was not the Deputy Registrar(Judicial) as he had assumed office more than four yearslater.

“Besides this, it would also not be correct to overlookor ignore an important statutory ingredient of contemptof a civil nature given out under section 2(b) of thecontempt of Court Act 1971 that the disobedience to theorder alleging contempt has to satisfy the test that it is awilful disobedience to the order,” the judge said.

SURVEY/REPORT/RESEARCH

India’s Position Dismal in Global HungerIndex

● More hungry in India than in Sudan.

● Even Pakistan is ahead.

● India 67th among 84 developing nations.

Times of India correspondent Rukmini Shrinivasanreports that India dropped two ranks to 67th among 84developing countries in the International Food PolicyResearch Institute’s annual ‘Global Hunger Index’ for2010. Even Sudan, North Korea and Pakistan rank higherthan India.

While the report, released on October 11, 2010, showsthat the proportion of the under nourished in India isdeclining, the worsen-ing ranking indicatesthat other developingcountries have donebetter in tacklinghunger. India is hometo 42% of the under-weight children underthe age of five in theworld.

It is an ironyindeed that the policymakers in India whoare still fighting overthe need to have an expansive National Food Security Actare yet to look at the dismal figures. In 2005-06 about 44%of Indian children below five years were under-weightand nearly half-48%—were stunted.

The food insecurity runs so wildly across the countrythat India is clubbed with minor economies like Bangla-desh, Timore-Leste and Yemen, recording the highestprevalence of underweight in children under five.

At the beginning of the liberalization era in the early90s, 24% of the population was undernourished. Thesituation marginally improved to 22% between 2004 and2006. Almost 60% of children below five were recorded asunderweight in 1988-92. The condition has remaineddismal as the latest figure shows 43·5% between 2003-08.

The GHI (Global Hunger Index) ranks countries on ascale of 100, with 0 being the best score (no hunger) and100 the worst. It is composed of three equally weightedindicators : the proportion of undernourished in thepopulation, the prevalence of those underweight inchildren under five and the under-five mortality rate.

The figures for India are 22% (as of 2004-06), 43·5%(2003-08) and 6·9% as of 2008, respectively. These giveIndia a composite GHI of 24·1, which is classified asalarming in terms of the food security situation.

The strife-torn Democratic Republic of Congo ranksat the bottom of the list of 84 countries with significantlevels of hunger. The data has been compiled for 122countries in all; the remaining 38 countries have a GHI ofless than 5 and are not included in the rankings. No datahas been recorded for highly developed countries.

South Asia has the highest GHI for any region in theworld, at 22·9. The region has, however, made greaterprogress since 1990 than sub-Saharan Africa, the reportadds. India is ranked below all other major South Asiancountries—Sri Lanka is ranked 39th, Pakistan 52nd andNepal 56th.

PD/December/2010/1001 “If all economists were laid end to end, they would not reach a conclusion.”

The 2010 report focuses on child malnutrition, whichis the biggest component of hunger worldwide. In India,high 2010 GHI scores are driven by high levels ofunderweight children, resulting from the low nutritionaland social status of women in the country, the report says.

PANEL/COMMITTEE

Parliamentary Panel Favours Death Penaltyfor Hijackers

While advocating death penalty for hijackers, aparliamentary committee has said it must be awarded tothose whose actions result in death of hostages or securitypersonnel.

No More Kandahars

The standingCommittee on Trans-port, Tourism andCulture, headed bySenior CPM leaderSitaram Yechury, sub-mitted its report on theAnti - Hijacking(Amendment) Bill,2010 to Rajya SabhaChairman MohammadHamid Ansari and LokSabha Speaker MeiraKumar on October 18,2010.

The Committee felt that the proposed amendment toinclude death penalty in 1982 Anti-Hijacking Act was theneed of the hour and unavoidable in the heightenedthreat of such a daring crime. It endorsed the proposed

amendment that provides for capital punishment to thehijackers as well as to the conspirators and abettors alsowho commit any of the acts referred to in the prevailinglaw.

It, however, noted that it was not clear in theproposed amendment whether death penalty would beapplicable to the hijackers who kill hostages or securitymen or to all hijackers who have caused or not caused anyfatalities.

“The Committee is of the opinion that if death penaltywas a foregone conclusion for the offence of hijacking, theopportunities for any negotiation or settlement to savelives of passengers may be foreclosed,” the report said.“What about the safety of passengers and crew when thehijackers are sure that they will get death penalty for theiroffence ?”

DEFENCE

India’s Military Satellites Set for LaunchIn order to boost its defence capabilities India plans

to launch a series of indigenous military satellites withsurveillance, imaging and navigation capabilities to keepa watch on its neighbourhood and help guide cruisemissiles. It was revealed by a top defence scientist onOctober 10, 2010.

“There will be a series of defence satellites. I cannotgive you the numbers because they are classified” said V.K. Saraswat, Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister.

“Each year, you will find one or two satellites goingup”, added the Secretary, Defence R&D and Director-General of Defence Research and Development Organisa-tion (DRDO).

PD/December/2010/1002 “If you cannot get rid of the family skeleton, you may as well make it dance.”

Coast Guard Station CommissionedThe Director General of the Indian Coast Guard, Vice

Admiral Anil Chopra, formally commissioned the Coastguard station at Veraval in the Saurashtra coast ofGujarat, on October 2, 2010. The station was set up andactivated in 2009 for strengthening Joint Coastal Patrolling(JCP) off the Gujarat and Maharashtra coasts.

“The aim of this scheme is to intensify the close coastsurveillance mechanism to prevent smuggling of arms,ammunition and explosives and infiltration of anti-national elements”, an official spokesman of the IndianCoast Guard said.

The station will function under the administrativeand operational control of Commander Coast GuardRegion (North-West) through the Commander CoastGuard District Headquarters-1 (Gujarat) at Porbandar.Commandant (JG) Chandrayan Dey is appointed as thefirst Commanding Officer of the station. The streng-thening of the coastal security set-up coincides with theincreased industrial activity on the Gujarat coast border-ing with Pakistan.

FESTIVAL

Mussorie Writers’ Festival InauguratedUttarakhand Governor Margaret Alva inaugurated

the third Mussorie International Writers’ Festival atWoodstock School in Dehradun on October 5, 2010 notingthat Mussorie has a rich heritage of writing and is hometo many distinguished authors who have drawn comfortfrom the hill resort’s salubrious climate amid sylvansurroundings.

The theme of this year’s three-day festival wasmountain literature. Among the internationally acclaimedwriters those that graced the event included Ruskin Bond,who lives in Mussorie and Stephen Alter, the maindriving force behind the festival. More than 25 writersfrom six countries participated in the festival.

ACCIDENTS

Train Accident in UkraineA horrendous railway accident took place in Ukraine

on October 12, 2010. A crowded bus collided with a train

Victims bodies lie at the side of thetrack at the scene of an accident outsidethe town of Marhanets, Ukraine.

in eastern Ukraine,killing 40 and leav-ing 10 in critical con-dition. The casualtiesmay be higher thanthese figures. TheInterior Minister saidthat the accidentoccurred outside thetown of Marhanetsin the Dnipropet-rovsk region afterthe bus attempted to cross the track, ignoring a siren thatindicated an oncoming train. Prime Minister MykolaAzarov ordered his government to pay family of the deadvictims Hryvna 1,00,000 ($ 12,600). He also instructed

transport officials to install automated crossing gates at allthe nation’s railway crossings to prevent cars, buses andtrucks from ignoring the siren.

ADVENTURE/EXPEDITION

Army Expedition Returns from EuropeA 41-day long Indian Army motorcycle expedition

that travelled across Europe to spread the message ofbonhomie and friendship was flagged in by the ArmyChief General V. K. Singh at India Gate, New Delhi onOctober 11, 2010.

The ten member expedition comprising two womenofficers, five male officers and three jawans from arms andservices travelled across Turkey, Greece, Italy, France andBritain to strengthen the Indian Army’s association withthese countries.

It visited war memorials to pay homage to martyrs ofWorld War II.

Flagged off from Delhi on August 20, the teamnamed ‘Lightning Bulleteers’ travelled on six RoyalEnfield Classic (500 cc) motorcycles to reach Mumbai onAugust 22.

It was flown two days later to Istanbul to begin itsexpedition.

ENVIRONMENTALAWARENESS

United Nations Rings Alarm Bell on SavingSpecies

The world must act immediately to stop the rapidloss of animal and plant species and the habitats they livein, the United Nations warned on October 18, 2010 at thestart of a major summit on biodiversity in Tokyo.

The 193 members of the UN’s Convention onBiological Diversity (CBD) gathered in the central city ofNagoya to try to work out strategies to head off amanmade mass extinction.

“The time to act is now and the place to act is here, ”CBD executive secretary Ahmed Djoghlaf said as themeeting opened, describing the event as a ‘definingmoment’ in the history of mankind.

“The savings from a coordinated ecosystemsapproach to climate change, biodiversity loss, avoidingdeforestation and land degradation are incalculable.”

The 12-day conference endeavoured to throw aspotlight on a global environmental issue that has drawnless attention in recent years than the related problem ofclimate change, blamed on a rise in greenhouse gasemissions.

TOUR AND TRAVEL

China Unveils World’s Fastest TrainChina on October 26, 2010 unveiled what it described

as the World’s Fastest Bullet Train, which will connecttwo of the country’s industrial hubs travelling at anaverage speed of 350 km per hour.

PD/December/20101003 “Lack of money is the root of all evil.”

The rail link between Shanghai and Hangzhou, thelatest addition to China’s fast- expanding high-speed rail

On Track for Distinction : ACRH380A train sets out from aterminal of the Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railwayin Shanghai.

network that is already theworld’s largest, covers the200-km distance in only 45minutes, reducing the travel-ling time from 78 minutes.

The home-built CRH380bullet train has been recor-ded travelling at 420 km perhour, a world record. It will,however, travel between thetwo cities at less than fulltilt, at an average speed of350 km per hour.

China’s high-speed railnetwork now stretches over7,431 km. The governmentplans to expand the networkto over 16,000 km by 2020.

New Oxford Centre for Study of Archaeo-logical and Cultural Heritage of Asia

The Oxford University launched in October 2010 anew centre to study the archaeological and culturalheritage of Asia. It is claimed to be the only centre of itskind in Europe.

The University sources said that although Asia hadsome of the world’s richest archaeological and artisticforms of heritage, little was known or taught about thisperiod in Britain.

The new centre will look at how the culturalinfluences, both within the region and in the wider worldbeyond, might be connected. The research will not onlydraw on archaeology but also other disciplines such asanthropology, art history, linguistics, molecular genetics,the earth sciences and geography.

The centre, to be based in School of Archaeology, willoff a new Asia Pacific Master’s degree and new courses inthe Archaeology of Asia, Chinese Archaeology and thePalaeolithic Archaeology of Asia.

PLACES IN THE NEWS

4000 Year Old Aryan CityRussian archaeologists have recently discovered

some ancient and unknown city in remote Russia. Steppesouthern Siberia. The City is believed to be built by theOriginal Aryan race about 4,000 years ago. The team ofarchaeologists has discovered 20 spiral–shaped settle-ments in this hitherto hidden site/city.

San Jose Mine33 miners were rescued from Chilean mine—San Jose

Mine after being trapped in that mine for more than twomonths in second week of October, 2010. The 33 minerscaught in a collapse on August 5, 2010 spent 17 days inisolation before being located by drillers on August 22,2010 and later rescued.

Kalaikunda Air Force Station (West Bengal)A joint exercise by the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the

Royal Air Force (RAF) of the United Kingdom of theUnited Kingdom was held at the Kalaikunda Air Forcestation in West Bengal’s Paschim Midnapur district inOctober 2010. The Exercise was named ‘Indradhanush’.

NagoyaNagoya—the central city of Japan recently came into

news when the 193 members of the United NationsConvention on Biological Diversity (CBD) meeting tookplace in October 2010 to work out strategies to prevent themass extinction of species of plants and animals.

1. Conversations with Myself —By Nelson MandelaIt is a new collection of Nelson Mandela’s privatepapers which reveal his years of heartache at missinghis family while in prison and his wariness atbecoming idolised. Now 92, the man who won theNobel Peace Prize for his struggle against the whiteminority apartheid government of South Africa sayshe does not want to be remembered a larger-than-lifesaint.

2. The Feast of the Goat—By Mario Vargas Llosa a Nobel laureate.

3. Harmony —By Prince Charles of BritainPrince Charles writes in his book Harmony thatBritain could learn lessons from the way people livethen lives in Dharavi, India. According to him,Dharavi is better organised than many Westerntowns and cities, and that the residents instinctivelypractise sustainable living.

4. War on Terrorism or American Strategy for GlobalDominance —By Manzoor Alam

5. WTO and Indian Economy—Issues and NegotiatingStrategies :

—Edited by Alokesh Barua and Robert M. Stern6. Globalization and Sustainable Good Governance

—Edited by Permanand SinghA Francis Julian; Legal Education and ResearchSociety New Delhi in association with ManakPublications.

7. Daniel Patrick Moynihan : A Portrait in Letter of anAmerican Visionary

—By Late Daniel Patrick MoynihanA former U.S. Senator and American ambassador toIndia.

IMPORTANT DAYS

National DaysDecember 4 Navy DayDecember 14 National Energy Conservation DayDecember 18 Minorities Rights Day

International DaysDecember 1 World AIDS DayDecember 3 World Day of the HandicappedDecember 10 Human Rights Day P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1004 “Anything too stupid to be said is sung.”

After the approval of CabinetCommittee on Economic Affairs(CCEA), the government on October20, 2010 announced minimum supportprices (MSP) for rabi crops 2010-11.For wheat the MSP gets only a mar-ginal hike of 20 a quintal. The MSPof wheat, a major rabi crop was 1100per quintal in 2009-10 season whichhas gone upto 1120 per quintal for2010-11. The support prices of pulsessuch as masoor and gram dals havebeen raised sharply by 380 and 340per quintal respectively to en-couragefarmers to produce more pulses so asto curb import bill on pulses. TheMSPs of the masoor dal and gramdals have been fixed at 2250 perquintal and 2100 per quintal res-pectively for the year 2010-11.

Minimum Support Pricesfor Rabi Crops of 2010-11Season to be Marketed in

2011–12( per quintal)

Commo-dity

MSPfixedfor

2009-10season

MSPappro-ved for2010-11season

Changein MSP

over2009-10season

Wheat 1100 1120 20

Barley 750 780 30

Gram 1760 2100 340Masur(Lentil)

1870 2250 380

Rapeseed/Mustard

1830 1850 20

Safflower 1680 1800 120

The agriculture ministry istargeting to increase the pulsesproduction to 16·5 million tonne in2010-11 from about 14·5 milliontonne in the previous year. India, theworld's largest producer of pulses,

imports 3·5-4 million tonne of tur andurad from countries including Myan-mar, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambiqueto meet domestic demand of 18-19million tonne.

The CCEA also approvedincrease in mustard MSP by Rs. 20to Rs. 1,850 per quintal. SafflowerMSP has gone up to Rs. 1,800 fromRs. 1680 a quintal. Barley has beenincreased to Rs. 780 from Rs. 750 perquintal. These hikes in MSPs arebased on the recommendations of theCommission for Agricultural Costsand Prices (CACP).

It is important to note that theMSP is the price that the governmentpays to farmers while procuring theirproduce. The Centre procures wheatand rice from farmers for publicdistribution system (PDS) and main-tains buffer stocks and strageticreserve for the country.

In the Forbes' list of 100 mostpowerful women in the world, three

Indian women have been included.Indra Nooyi, CEO PepsiCo, ShikhaSharma CEO, Axis Bank and ChandaKochhar MD and CEO, ICICI Bankhave been placed at 6th, 89th and92nd ranks respectively in thisprestigious list. The first lady ofUnited States Michelle Obama hastopped this list of 100 most powerfulwomen in the world.

6th Indra

NooyiPepsiCo

CEO

89thShikhaSharma

Axis BankCEO

92ndChandaKochhar

ICICI BankMD&CEO

This year, Forbes has divided the100 power women candidates intofour groups of politics, business,media and lifestyle. It ranked thewomen in each group, and thengroup against group. Nooyi, Sharmaand Kochhar have also been rankedseparately under the ‘business’ cate-gory. Nooyi is the second mostpowerful woman in the world in thefield of business after Kraft Foods

PD/December/2010/1005 “Appreciation is a wonderful thing: It makes what is excellent in others belong to us as well.”

Chief Executive Irene Rosenfeld. Outof the 39 women listed in the businesscategory, Sharma's rank is 33 andChanda Kochhar's is 35.

Forbes admires Pepsi‘s world-wide campaign, Pepsi Refresh whichallocates $ 1·3 million each month fora US project, such as the recent ‘DoGood for the Gulf.’ This project offersstipends to build a shalter to ammalswhose owners lost their homes to theoil spill and to provide mental healthservices and job training.

Forbes underlines ShikhaSharma's attempt of focusing onintroducing a retail broking platformand the possibility of expandinginternationally.

Chanda Kochhar has been namedas the first woman to run a largeIndian bank who expanded her roleas chief with her recent acquisition ofBank of Rajasthan, a private sectorbank with 463 branches and 4000employees.

Peter A. Diamond of Massachu-setts Institute of Technology, DaleMortensen of North Western Univer-sity and Christopher Pissarides fromLondon School of Economics are thethree economists who shared the 2010Nobel Prize in Economics for researchinto the difficulties of matchingsupply and demand, particularly inthe labour market. As per the dec-laration of the Royal Swedish Acade-my of Sciences which selects theNobel laureates, Peter A. Diamondhas analysed the foundations ofsearch markets. Date Mortensen andChristopher Pissarides have ex-panded the theory and have appliedit to the labour market. The modelsdeveloped by these Nobel laureateshelp in understanding the ways in

Nobel Laureates Economics-2010

(From left) Peter A. Diamond, Dale

Mortensen and Christopher Pissarides

which unemployment, job vacanciesand wages are affected by regulationand economic policy.

Search theory associated withthese Nobel laureates tries to explainsuch conundrums as how highunemployment can be accompaniedby a large number of job openings.One important conclusion of thetheory is that more generous joblessbenefits lead to higher unemp-loyment us those who are looking forwork take longer to find it.

Petroleum and Natural GasMinistry on October 15, 2010 haslaunched the ninth round of biddingunder the New Exploration andLicensing Policy (NELP). 34 blockshave been put up for the auctionunder NELP–IX of the blocks offeredin the ninth round, eight are deepwater, seven in shallow water and 19blocks on shore. The Ministry hasextended the hope to arrangeinvestment of around $ 14 billion inthis ninth round of auctioning.

Government had launched the8th round of NELP in the midst of theglobal economic slowdown whichresulted a very poor response. 34 outof 70 blocks could not attract anyresponse and half the awarded blockswent to government-owned Oil andNatural Gas Corporation (ONGC).This poor response of the 8th roundof NELP could manage only $ 1·1billion.

Government has so far awarded235 blocks under various rounds ofNELP, launched in 1999. As per thedeclaration of the Ministry, theexploration coverage of India'ssedimentary basin has expandedfrom 11 per cent to 58 per cent afterthe introduction of NELP regime andthe discoveries made under NELPhave resulted in in-place hydrocarbonreserve accretion of a staggering 642million tonne of oil and oil equivalentgas.

Government has revised normsfor NELP–IX according to whichcompanies would be eligible forbidding for the blocks now on offerafter being relinquished by them.Initial exploration period will be four

years and total exploration periodwill be seven years in respect ofonland and shallow water blocks.But, in respect of deepwater andfrontier areas (Northeast and less-explored basins), initial explorationperiod will be five years and totalexploration period eight years.

The Global Hunger Index (GHI)is a tool adapted and further develo-ped by the International Food PolicyResearch Institute (IFPRI) to com-prehensively measure and trackglobal hunger. The GHI incorporatesthree interlinked hunger-related indi-cators—the proportion of undern-ourished in the population, the preva-lence of underweight in children, andthe mortality rate of children. TheGHI aims to raise awareness ofregional and country differences inhunger and trigger action to eliminatehunger.

The index ranks countries on a100-point scale, with 0 being the bestscore (no hunger) and 100 being theworst. Values less than 5·0 reflect lowhunger, values between 5·0 and 9·9reflect moderate hunger, valuesbetween 10·0 and 19·9 indicate aserious problem, values between 20·0and 29·9 are alarming, and values of30·0 or higher are extremely alarm-ing.

According to the Global HungerIndex report, malnutrition amongchildren under two years of age isone of the biggest challenge forreducing global hunger. Report findsthat 29 countries, primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia havelevels of hunger that are ‘extremelyalarming.’

Ranking of India andNeighbouring Nations in

Global Hunger Index-2010

Nation Ranking

China 9

Sri Lanka 39

Pakistan 52

Nepal 56

India 67

Bangladesh 68

PD/December/2010/1006 “Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd.”

India despite of having robusteconomic growth indications, havebeen placed at 67th rank in GlobalHunger Index which is worse evenwith the ranks of Sri Lanka (39th),Pakistan (52nd) and Nepal (56th).

In the list of 84 nations, Chinahas been placed at 9th place showingbetter situation in dealing withhunger in the country.

The Securities and ExchangeBoard of India (SEBI) has raised theinvestment application limit for retailinvestors to 2 lakh from 1 lakh atpresent. However, SEBI has not madeany changes in the quantum of sharesreserved for retail investors in publicissues.

In SEBI’s board meeting held onOctober 25, 2010, some importantdecisions taken are—

● Enhances retail application limit to 2 lakh from 1 lakh across all

issues.● Disclosures of risk factors specific to

IPOs by insurance companies.● SEBI also exempted insurance

companies from disclosing thedisclaimer clause of Irda in the offerdocument and appointing a moni-toring agency.

● Tightens preferential allotmentframework for promoters.

● Mandatory for companies to pre-announce dates for dividend pay-ment and bonus shares.

● QIB status to insurance funds set upby Department of Posts.

Ministry of Agriculture on Sep-tember 24, 2010 released the firstadvance estimates of Kharif crops forthe year 2010-11. Better monsoon thisyear helped Kharif crops to getincreased to 114·63 million tonne in2010-11. This estimated productionlevel may be called satisfactory as itwas only 103·84 million tonne in2009-10.

Compared to the last year, allKharif crops, leaving Jute and Mesta,have been estimated at better produc-

Latest Estimates of Kharif Crops(million tonnes)

Foodgrain 2009-10 4th Adv.Estimates

2010-11 1stAdv. Estimates

Rice 75·91 80·41Jwar 2·82 3·22Maize 12·00 14·06Coarse Cereals 23·63 28·23Tur 2·55 3·27Urad 0·85 1·08Moong 0·44 0·88Total Pulses 4·30 6·0Total Foodgrains 103·84 114·63

Commercial Crops

Groundnut 3·66 5·64Soybean 10·05 9·81All Nine Oilseeds 15·66 17·27

Cotton1 23·94 33·5Jute & Mesta2 11·29 10·28Sugarcane 277·75 324·91

1. Million bales (each of 170 kg) 2. Million bales (each of 180 kg)

PD/December/2010/1007 “Every man is guilty of all the good he didn’t do.”

tion level. Rice has been estimated at80·41 million tonne and coarse cerealsat 28·23 million tonne while thesewere 75·91 million tonne and 23·63million tonne respectively last year.Pulses also went to 6·0 million tonnefrom 4·3 million level of last year2009-10.

Cotton and sugarcane showedbetter results in first advance esti-mates for 2010-11. Cotton registered40% growth and sugarcane 17%growth in 2010-11 estimates as com-pared to figures of 2009-10.

The second advance estimates ofagriculture production for 2010-11will be released by AgricultureMinistry in February 2011.

The World Economic Forum'sGlobal Gender Gap Report assessesgender equality in 134 countrieslooking at economic participation andopportunity, educational attainment,political empowerment, health andsurvival. The report examines bothmen and women's access to resourcesand opportunities rather than thelevels of resources and opportunitiesavailable in a country.

The Global Gender Gap 2010 Ranking

Top 5 Nations

Nation Rank

Iceland 1

Norway 2

Finland 3

Sweden 4

New Zealand 5

BRIC Nations

Brazil 85

Russia 45

India 112

China 61

South Asia Nations

Pakistan 132

Sri Lanka 16

Bangladesh 82

Nepal 115

Iceland, Norway, Finland, Swe-den and New Zealand are the top 5ranking nations in global gender gap

assessment. Lesotho, in sub-SaharanAfrica ranks at 8th place showingsmaller gender gap than UK whichgets 15th ranking in the list.

India has been ranked on poorfront in the list Report puts India at112 ranking out of 134 nations. Lastyear in 2009 India's ranking was114th in the list. Both the rankings arealmost same showing no improvem-ent in gender equality. India's rankingis the lowest even among BRICnations. Moreover, India's genderequality performance remains theworst in the region with Sri Lankaand Bangladesh got 16th and 82ndranking.

At the bottom of the rankingtable of gender equality are nations—Yemen (134th), Chad (133rd) andPakistan (132nd).

Due to record support of overseassupport in stocks and other in flowsthe Indian rupee has attained thehighest level against US dollar sinceSeptember 2008. Indian rupee wastraded at 47·08 per dollar on August31, 2010 has gained 6·1 per cent toreach 44·20 per dollar on October 7,2010. Indian rupee has becomestronger against dollar by 5 per centthis year which is the biggest annualgain during the past three years.

Foreign Institutional Investors(FIIs) have invested a large funds instocks since such investments werepermitted in 1992. FIIs have boughtbonds worth $ 10 billion in 2010which gave healthy support to Indianrupee even Sensex in India couldattain its highest level in 33 monthsdue to FIIs investment support. At-tracting with better and faster growthin Indian economy as com-pared withslow growth in Western economies,overseas investment inflows alsosupported Indian economy. Besides,a weaker dollar has also strengthenedIndian currency.

Stronger Indian rupee has createda problem before export sector of theeconomy. Reserve Bank of India mayintervene to weaken the rupee and

protect the interest of the exporters.Indications appear that RBI mightintervene if Indian rupee appreciatesbelow 43 per dollar level. Federa-tion of Indian Exports Organisation iscalling for the step to prevent the‘distortion’ of the exchange rate.

World Economic Situation andProspects (WESP), mainly developedby UNCTAD, provides an overviewof recent global economic perfor-mance and short-term prospects forthe world economy and of some keyglobal economic policy and develop-ment issues.

The World Economic Situation andProspects update as of mid-2010highlights that while the worldeconomy continued to improve in thefirst half of 2010, the pace of therecovery is too weak to close theglobal output gap left by the crisis.It also points out that the recoveryis uneven across countries, withencouraging growth prospects forsome developing countries, but lack-lustre economic activity in developedeconomies and below potentialgrowth elsewhere in the developingworld.

Report estimates World GrossProduct (WGP) to fall by 2·2 per centfor 2009 which is the first actualcontraction since the second worldwar. A mid growth of 2·4 per cent isthe forecast of WESP for 2010 andthat too, if continued supportivepolicy is adopted across the world.According to this scenario, the levelof world economic activity will be 7per cent below from the level of pre-global crisis period.

The report also highlights anumber of risks and uncertainties tothe outlook, including a prematureexit from the stimulus measures anda hard landing of the dollar due tothe renewed widening of the globalimbalances. In terms of policymeasures, the report recommendscontinued fiscal stimulus measures inthe short run, a continued focus onthe rebalancing of economic growthin a number of respects, better policycoordination, strengthened globalgovernance and more decisive re-forms of the global financial system.

PD/December/2010/1008 “God is a comedian playing to an audience too afraid to laugh.”

The 2010 Corruption PerceptionsIndex shows that nearly threequarters of the 178 countries in theindex score below five, on a scalefrom 10 (very clean) to 0 (highly cor-rupt). These results indicate a seriouscorruption problem. For meeting thechallenges of the corruption, govern-ments need to integrate anti-corrup-tion measures in all spheres, fromtheir responses to the financial crisisand climate change to commitmentsby the international community toeradicate poverty. TransparencyInternational advocates stricter im-plementation of the UN Conventionagainst Corruption, the only globalinitiative that provides a frameworkfor putting an end to corruption.Denmark, New Zealand and Singa-pore and tied at the top of the listwith a score of 9·3, followed closelyby Finland and Sweden at 9·2. At the

bottom is Somalia with a score of1·1, slightly trailing Myanmar andAfghanistan at 1·4 and Iraq at 1·5.Notable among decliners over thepast year are some of the countriesmost affected by a financial crisisprecipitated by transparency andintegrity deficits. Among those im-proving in the past year, the generalabsence of OECD states underlinesthe fact that all nations need to bolstertheir good governance mechanisms.2010 Corruption Perception Indexgives a clear message—transparencyand accountability are critical inrestoring trust and turning back thetide of corruption. Without them,global policy solutions to manyglobal crises are at risk.

Coal India Ltd.'s initial publicofferings (IPO)—the biggest float inIndia's corporate history was opened

on October 18, 2010. With thisbiggest public issue, government hasexpected to raise around 15000crore. Union Government had fixedthe price band at 225-245 per share.On October 25, 2010, governmentdeclared Coal India Ltd. IPO’s priceat 245 per share, the upper ceiling ofthe early offered range. Coal IndiaLtd. has offered 631·6 million sharesat a face value of 10 each in theoffer. The issue got closed on October21, 2010. Coal India's IPO was floatedin the public after government'sdecision to sell 10 per cent of itscurrent 100 per cent stake in thecompany. Retail investors and coalIndia employees have been decidedto get a 5 per cent discount.

Coal India Ltd. is the largest coalproducer in India. With annual pro-duction exceeding 430 million tonne,the company meets over 80 per centof India's coal needs.

On its closing, coal India IPO gotsubscribed 15·4 times, collecting anunprecedented over 240000 crore.High net worth individual categorywas subscribed 25 times while theretail category was subscribed 2·25times.

Retail category subscribers willget at least 173 shares on full quota ofapplication. Coal India's allotment ofshares will be higher than that of theReliance Power issue in 2008. Wheninvestors got only 17 shares againsttheir full application of 222 shares. Itis also worthnoting that Coal Indiareceived 1·6 million retail applica-tions against Reliance Power's over4·5 million applications.

On the basis of 30-35 greymarket Premium of Coal India, theshares are likely to be listed onNovember 4, 2010 at 270-280 againstthe upper end of the price band of 245 per share.

International Monetary Fund(IMF) has projected India's GDPgrowth rate at 9·7% for the calendaryear 2010 and 8·4% for 2011 due tobetter macro-economic performanceand strong industrial growth. Accord-

PD/December/2010/1009 “God is always on the side of the big battalions.”

ing to World's Economic OutlookReport of IMF, growth in emergingAsia economies stand at about 9·5%with robust demand from China,India and Indonesia benefiting otherAsian economies. Asian DevelopmentBank (ADB) on September 28, 2010had raised its India's GDP forecastfrom 8·2% to 8·5%.

IMF in its report highlights thatIndia's macroeconomic performancehas been vigorous, with industrialproduction at a two-year high.Moreover, the leading indicators ofthe economy show a steady improve-ment which makes IMF's projectionfor India's growth stronger.

India's GDP Growth Projections byVarious Agencies

IMF 9·7% 2010CMIE 9·2% 2010-11ADB 8·5% 2010Govt. of IndiaRBIPMEAC ⎭⎪

⎬⎪⎫....

8·5% 2010-11

CRISIL 8·1% 2010

China is expected to grow at aneven faster rate of 10·5 per cent in2010 and 9·6 per cent in 2011, drivenby domestic demand.

Advanced economies, on theother hand, are projected to grow byjust 2·7 per cent in 2010 and 2·2 percent in 2011.

Report forcecasts global trade toexpand by 4·8 per cent in 2010 and 4·2per cent in 2011 with a temporaryslowdown during the second half of2010 and first half of 2011.

According to the World Eco-nomic Outlook report, growth inemerging Asia economies stands atabout 9·5 per cent, with robustdemand from China, India, andIndonesia benefiting other Asianeconomies.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)in its analysis presents an outlookthat India and China may faceeconomic downturn in the comingmonths. The latest analysis of OECDpresents a contrast view with the

bullish outlook for fast growingeconomies like India which tackledthe global financial melt down betterthan many other countries.

According to the OECD's latestComposite Leading Indicators (CLIs),the global economic expansion isslowing down and there are earlysignals of turning points in thebusiness cycles. CLIs for Canada,France, Italy, the United Kingdom,Brazil, China and India providestrong signals to a downturn. CLIsfor India stood at 100·4 in August2010 which is a little lower than 100·6recorded in July 2010. For China also,CLIs slipped down to 101·3 in August2010 from 101·7 of July 2010.

OECD's outlook differs withIndia's growth projections of variousagencies, including InternationalMonetary Fund (IMF). FinanceMinistry also projects a robustgrowth path of around 9 per centaverage in the short term. It isworthnoting that India's economicgrowth was 7·4 per cent in 2009-10and is projected to be over 8·5 percent for the year 2010-11.

According to the data releasedby Reserve Bank of India for the firsthalf of 2010-11 (i.e. April-September2010), credit in the banking systemhas shown a faster growth ascompared to the last year's statistics.The total outstanding credit of thebanking system has risen 5·6 per centto 34,22,291 crore since the beginn-ing of this financial year. The creditgrowth rate in the first half of theprevious financial year was 3·5 percent. The central bank has projected a20 per cent credit growth for thecurrent financial year.

Deposits, on the other hand, hassharply slowed down from 7·6 percent in April-September 2009 to 4·9per cent in the first half of 2010. RBIhas projected 18 per cent depositgrowth for the entire year 2010-11 butso far it has not exceeded 15 per centthis financial year.

As per the statistics released byRBI, during the fortnight endedSeptember 24,2010 deposit mobilisa-

tion by banks has declined as com-pared to the figure observed in theprevious fortnight. Deposit mobilisa-tion by banks during the fortnightended September 24,2010 went up by 16590 crore as against an increase of

around 20465 crore in the previousfortnight. Bank credit on the otherhand rose by 39364 crore whichshows a larger quantum thandeposits. Credit grew 19·04 per centon a year-on-year basis at the end ofthe fortnight September 24, 2010.Outstanding bank credit stood at 3422291 crore as against 3382927

crore at the end of previous fortnighti.e. September 10, 2010.

The latest released data on IIP bythe government show only 5·6 percent growth in August 2010. Due to asharp decline in the growth of manu-facturing sector, industrial growthin India feel to 15-month low levelin August 2010. The manufacturingsector, which accounts for a 79·4 percent share in the index, was the primereason for the slow pace of growth.Manufacturing sector growth wasestimated at 5·9 per cent in August,compared to 10·6 per cent a yearago.

In August 2009, industrialgrowth had entered double-digitlevels at 10·6 per cent, for the firsttime since economic slow-down inSeptember 2008. At the same time,the government revised the estimateupwards for July to 15·2 per centfrom the provisional estimate of 13·8per cent.

In August 2010, there was a 2·6per cent decline in capital goodsoutput. At 72 per cent growth in July,the capital goods segment, with aweight of 9·26 per cent in the index,was the main reason for the unex-pected spurt in the overall figures inthe previous month.

IIP Overall Growth(in%)

Year April August

2009-10 1·13 10·62

2010-11 16·50 5·60

PD/December/2010/1010 “History is a pack of lies we play on the dead.”

All the three categories of IIP–mining, manufacturing and electricityregistered decelerations both on anannual and on-month-on-monthbasis but manufacturing sector hasshown the sharpest dip at 5·9 per centin August 2010, down from 16·7 percent in July 2010. Growth in miningand electricity stood at 7 per cent and1·02 per cent respectively in August2010 compared with 9·9 per cent and3·7 per cent in July 2010.

Finance Ministry has also shownits disappointment over this IIPgrowth in August 2010.

● ADB to lend $ 132 million toBihar and $ 120 million toAssam—Manila-based AsianDevelopment Bank has approved$ 132 million (over 585 crore)loan for upgrading electricitysystem in Bihar and also a loanpackage of $ 120 million (about 532 crore) to Assam towards

efforts to combat flooding anderosion.

$ 132 million loan to Bihar isbeing granted to Power SystemImprovement Project to upgradeelectricity system in the state.The funds have been assigned tobe used to install new transmis-sion lines and to renovate andmodernise transmission anddistribution facilities to improvethe quality and reliability of thestate's electricity supply network.ADB has also decided to extend atechnical assistance grant of $ 3

lakh to improve project andfinancial management in Biharstate Electricity Board.

Besides, ADB has also approveda loan package of $ 120 millionto Assam as assistance in com-bating flooding and erosion inthe state.

● Vodafone asked to pay 11218crore as tax—Income Tax Depart-ment has fixed a revised taxliability of 11218 crore on BritishTelecom company Vodafone forthe $ 11·2 billion deal done bythe company with Hutch-Essarin 2007. Initially the tax liabilityon Vodafone was fixed at 12000crore which was challenged byVodafone in Bombay High Courtbut the petition was dismissed.High Court had directed theIncome Tax Department to re-assess the tax liability of thecompany.

Vodafone raises strong objec-tions with the tax calculationsreleased by the Income TaxDepartment. Vodafone terms therevised liability against the con-clusions of the Bombay HighCourt.

The case between Vodafone andIncome Tax Department is nowbeing heard in the SupremeCourt.

● IOC's Paradip refinery to startoutput by March 2012—Accord-ing to the official sources ofIndian Oil Corporation, theParadip refinery of the corpor-ation will start commercial pro-duction by March 2012 and

become fully operational Novem-ber 2012. This Paradip refineryunit has a refining capacity of15 million tonne per year. Theestimated cost of the project isaround 320 billion.The first stage of the plant will becommissioned in January 2012.The refinery will have a com-plexity factor of 13, allowing it toprocess and refine very lowquality of crude or crude withhigh sulphur content. A proposalof building a petrochemical plantnear Paradip refinery is alsounder consideration of IndianOil Corporation and the decisionwill be taken within the nextthree-four months.Indian oil sources also announcedthat everything produced inParadip refinery will be fordomestic consumption and noneof its product will be exported.

● FDI inflows register 60%decline—Data released by in-dustry department show that theForeign Direct Investment (FDI)in August 2010 took a dip ofabout 60 per cent to $ 1·33 billionwhich is the lowest in the finan-cial year 2010-11. The FDI inflowin August 2009 was $ 3·26 billion.Despite the smart recovery in thedomestic economy and a reboundin exports, overseas investmentin the form of equity inflowshave been declining since June2010. The overseas investment inJune 2010 was at $ 1·38 billionwhile that in July 2010 was $ 1·78billion. The FDI in the first twomonths of financial year 2010-11i.e. April and May 2010 stood at $2·17 billion and $ 2·21 billionrespectively.Cummulatively, in the first fivemonths of the financial year2010-11 i.e. April to August 2010,the FDI inflows declined by 35per cent to $ 8·88 billion, com-pared to $ 13·76 billion in thesame period of 2009.

● Adani targets coal productionfrom Australian mines by 2014-end—Adani Enterprises has tar-getted to start coal productionfrom Australian coal mine by theend of 2014 and a productionbetween 50 and 60 million tonneper annum by 2022. In August

PD/December/2010/1011 “If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him.”

2010 Adani Group had declaredto invest $ 6·9 billion ( 30000crore) for developing mines, arailway and a port for its GaileeBasin coal mine in Queensland,Australia. Adani group which isIndia's biggest coal importer hadagreed to pay $ 2·7 billion( 12,500 crore) in a cash androyalty deal for the asset. It hashigh-grade thermal coal depositsof 7·8 billion tonnes. Adani'sinvestment in Australia is thelargest very by any Indiancompany in that country.The Adani Group is a fast grow-ing conglomerate, with combinedmarket capitalisation of just itsthree listed entities being $ 30billion ( 1·3 lakh crore) and em-ploying more than 15,000 people.Its principal focus areas arepower generation, port owner-ship and operation, and inte-grated coal mining and logistics.

● Madhya Pradesh announcesNew Tourism Policy—MadhyaPradesh has come forward topromote tourism in the state. Thegovernment has announced anewly approved tourism policyfor the state which aims atinviting capital investment fromprivate sector and procuringmore land for them. The newlyannounced policy relaxes luxurytax limit from 500 to 2000 andzero tax during off season.Besides, heritage hotels havebeen granted exemption from taxfor a period of 10 years providedthey promote minimum onecrore investment in the hotel.The other salient features of thenew policy are—● Special Tourism zone pro-

posed.● Creating land bank for the

private investors proposed.● Water tourism policy incor-

porated for promoting tou-rism at various reservoirs ofpower projects like IndiraSagar, Omkareshwar andBansagar Dams.

● New hotels in Bhopal andIndore exempted from taxesfor 5 years period.

● Existing hotels exemptedfrom taxes in certain condi-tions provided they ensure

minimum 50 lakh invest-ment.

● New hotels also exemptedfrom electricity duty if theyset up captive power plant.

● RBI divests stake in NABARDto Government—Reserve Bankof India has divested its 71·5 percent stake, aggregating to 1430crore, to the government in Nat-ional Bank for Agriculture andRural Development. This disin-vestment makes RBI's holdingdown in National Bank forAgriculture and Rural Develop-ment (NABARD) to only one percent while it raised government'sholding to 99 per cent.Following this changed holdingstructure in NABARD, the gov-ernment now holds a greatercontrol in NABARD's decisionswith more say and flexibility toissue the directions to NABARDfor meeting its credit objectivesset for the priority sector.Despite the change in the holdingstructure, NABARD's board willnot be changed. As per the officialdeclaration of the NABARD,there will not be any change inthe mandate of bank after thestake transfer. At present RBI hasthree members on the board ofthe bank.

● RBI to issue coins with ‘Com-monwealth Theme’—ReserveBank of India has announced toissue new coins of 5 and 2 tocommemorate the Common-wealth Games held in New Delhiin October 2010.RBI has decided to put intocirculation coins of 5 and 2with the theme ‘XIX Common-wealth Games 2010-Delhi.’Both the newly planned coins of 5 and 2 denomination will be

of circular shape and have adiameter of 23 millimeter and 27millimeter respectively. RBI alsoannounced that the existing 5and 2 coins will also continuein circulation.

● Railway earnings rise 7·83% infirst half 2010-11—The earningsof Indian Railways show a rise of7·83 per cent during April-September 2010, compared to theearnings in the same period of2009.

The total earnings of IndianRailways during April-Septem-ber 2010 stood at 44,323·70crore, against 41,104·78 crore ofthe same period last year.The total goods earnings havegone up from 27,629·01 croreduring April-September 2009 to 29,443·32 crore during April-

September 2010 showing anincrease of 6·57 per cent.The total passenger revenueearnings during the first sixmonths of the financial year2010-11 were 12,689·36 crore,compared to 11,573·60 crore inthe same period last yearregistering an increase of 9·64 percent. The revenue earnings fromother coaching amounted to 1234·89 crore during the April-

September period of 2010-11compared to 1121·64 crore inthe same period last year whichshows an increase of 10·10 percent.

‘Budget Mannual’ ReleasedUnion Ministry of Finance on

September 26, 2010 released the‘Budget Mannual’ showing the entirebudget process of the country. It is forthe first time when this type of mannual

Pranab Mukherjee

is officially released. While releasingthis mannual, the Finance MinisterMr. Pranab Mukherjee extended thehope that a transparency in variousissues and making of budget will beestablished with this Budget Mannual.Indian Constitution though mentionsbudget and grants-in-aids etc. but doesnot provide any detail. The new BudgetMannual, on the other hand, givesdetailed budget making process.

PD/December/2010/1012 “Indeed, history is nothing more than a tableau of crimes and misfortunes.”

● Core industrial growth sloweddown—Six core industries—crude oil, petroleum, refineryproducts, coal, electricity, cementand finished steel have shown adeclined growth of 4·1 per centduring April-August 2010 periodagainst—4·8 per cent growthobtained during the same periodof 2009. In April 2010 this sectorhad 5·4 per cent growth whichslipped down to 3·7 per cent inAugust 2010. As compared to theAugust 2009 period, coreindustries growth also show abig decline as it was 6·4 per centin August 2009.Core sector industrial growthdeeply affects Index of Industrialproduction as these six coreindustrial segment accounts for26·7 per cent of the country'stotal industrial output.

Six Core Industries GrowthApril-August 2010

(in %)

Crude oil 6·5

Petroleum Refinery 5·3

Coal 0·9

Electricity 4·4

Cement 4·6

Finished Steel 3·5

Overall Core Sector 4·1

● Indian Post Department to issue‘Debit Cards’—Indian Post De-partment has finally announcedto issue ‘debit cards’ on the linesof debit cards issued by banks.These debit cards will be issuedwith the collaboration of ‘MasterCards.’ Reserve Bank of Indiahas granted permission to IndianPost Department for issuingdebit cards.

Head post offices of Indian PostDepartment will issue thesecards. After their top-up withdesired amount, these cards maybe used in various commercialcomplexes accepting mastercards for shoping Money with-drawals from ATMs can also bemade with these cards. e-com-merce and electronic money tran-sfer from internet may also bedone with the use of these debitcards.

● Trade Deficit shrinks in Sep-tember 2010—In September 2010,India’s exports increased by 23per cent which took India’sexports to the highest level in thenearly two years. This supportivegrowth in exports made tradedeficit shrunk to $ 9·12 billion.According to the latest datareleased by Commerce Ministryexports grew by 23·2 per cent inSeptember to $ 18·02, whileimports rose by 26·1 per cent to$ 27·14 billion. As a result, tradedeficit shrunk to $ 9·12 billioncompared to $ 13·06 billion inAugust, which was a 23-monthhigh.During the first six months of2010-11 i.e., April-September 2010exports went up by 27·6 per centto $ 103·3 billion. On the otherhand, imports clocked 30 percent growth during the April-September period 2010 reaching$ 166·5 billion.Taking the note of this encourag-ing scenario of country’s exports,government has extended hopeof achieving export target of $ 200billion for the year 2010 despitethe recent appreciation of theIndian rupee.

India's TradeApril-September 2010

(in billion $)

Export 103·3 + 27·6%Import 166·5 + 30·3%

Trade Deficit – 63·2 —

SENSEXThe term ‘SENSEX’ has been

derived by combining two wordsSensitive-Index. It is a sensitive shareprice index to reflect movements inshare prices. It incorporates share pricesof 30 select sensitive companies.

Repo Rate and Reverse RepoRate

Repo rate is the short for repur-chase rate. It is the discounted interestrate at which a central bank repurchasesgovernment securities from the com-mercial banks. In simple terms, the rateat which the RBI lends money tocommercial banks is called repo rate.

Reverse Repo rate is the rate atwhich commercial banks park theirsurplus funds with RBI.

● Railway to convert trains num-ber in 5-digit—Indian Railwayshas initiated a plan to convert thenumbers of trains into 5-digit. Atpresent, trains numbers are of 4-digit. As per the official report ofIndian Railways, one additionaldigit will be pre-fixed in theexisting 4-digit numbers of thetrains under this newly proposedtrain number system. Shatabdi,Rajdhani, Duranto, SamparkKranti, Jan Shatabdi, Garib Rathand other Mail/Express/Super-fast trains number will be addednumber 1 at the beginning of theexisting number. Passenger trainsnumbers will get number 5 asadditional digit in existing num-ber while MEMU and DEMUtrains will get additional number6 and 7 respectively. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1013 “Self-sacrifice enables us to sacrifice other people without blushing.”

National

● Armando Emilio Guebuza who recently visited India is the President of ➟ Mozambique☞ Recently Mozambique President Armando Emilio Guebuza visited India. During his visit India signed three

agreements besides agreeing upon a credit line of $ 500 million for infrastructure projects in Mozambique.

● Lal Bahadur Shastri Award has been bestowed on ➟ Aruna Roy☞ President Pratibha Devisingh Patil presented the prestigious Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award for

Excellence in Public Administration Academia and Management to Aruna Roy on October 1, 2010. Aruna Royis a social and political activist.

● The First National Cerebral Palsy Day was observed on ➟ October 3, 2010☞ Indian Academy of Cerebral Palsy, an academic body of doctors and rehabilitation professionals from across

the country decided to observe October 3, as the National Cerebral Palsy Day to highlight the growingcerebral palsy—a brain disorder which affects mostly children becoming the commonest cause of childhooddisability in India.

● The new Director General of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) is ➟ K. Vijay Kumar☞ K. Vijay Kumar who was Director of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy. Hyderabad has been

appointed the new Director General of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) headquartered in New Delhi.

● LG ICC Cricketer of the Year Award and LG ICC Peoples’ Choice Award for 2010 have been bestowed on

➟ Sachin Tendulkar☞ Sachin Tendulkar emerged winner at the LG ICC (International Cricket Council) Award on October 6, 2010

after winning the Sir Garfield Sobers Cricketer of the Year Award and LG Peoples’ Choice Award for the year2010.

● Sahitya Akademi Fellowship has been conferred on ➟ Kushwant Singh☞ Eminent writer, historian and columnist Khushwant Singh has been conferred the Sahitya Akademi Fellow-

ship—an honour reserved for the immortals of literature.

● The World’s largest Diamond Bourse which was recently inaugurated in Mumbai is

➟ Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB)☞ Bharat Diamond Bourse (BDB) the world’s largest diamond bourse was inaugurated on October 17, 2010 in

Mumbai with the primary objective of establishing necessary infrastructure facilities for promotion of exportof diamonds.

● In terms of Medal tally, in recently held Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India achieved ➟ Second Position☞ With Badminton Star Saina Nehwal snatching a three-game victory over Malaysia’s Mew Choo Wong India

took second position by grabbing 38 gold medals (in total 101 medals) ahead of England which got 37 goldmedals.

● The nation which occupies top position in underweight children among Commonwealth Nations is ➟ India☞ In a recent report ‘Commonwealth or Common Hunger’ prepared by an NGO ‘Save the Children’. India

among the Commonwealth Nations is on the top in underweight children with seven million under fiveseverely malnourished.

● The recently-held joint exercise by the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Royal Air Force (RAF) of United Kingdomwas named ➟ Indradhanush

☞ Indradhanush—a joint exercise by the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Royal Air Force (RAF) of the UnitedKingdom was organised in October 2010 at the Kalaikunda Air Force Station in West Bengal’s PaschimMedinipur district.

● India’s medium–altitude and long endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is ➟ Rustom I

☞ Rustom I—India’s medium altitude and long endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) developed by theBangalore-based Aeronautical Development Establishment was successfully test-flown in Bangalore onOctober 16, 2010.

PD/December/2010/1014 “A witty saying proves nothing.”

● The adult HIV prevalence in the country has declined from 0·45% in 2002 to ➟ 0·29% in 2008☞ In a report by the National AIDS Control Programme (NACO) on its “Response to the HIV Epidemic in

India”, it has been revealed that the people living with HIV have declined from 2·73 million to 2·27 millionbetween 2002 and 2008. The HIV prevalence has declined from 0·45% in 2002 to 0·29% in 2008.

International

● The winner of Ryder Cup is ➟ Europe☞ Europe won Ryder Cup (Golf) in Newport (Wales) on October 4, 2010 after defeating United States of America

by 14–1/2 points to 13–1/2 points.

● The winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize for Medicine is ➟ Robert Edwards☞ British scientist Robert Edwards for his pioneering research in in-vitro fertilization has been awarded the

Nobel Prize for Medicine for 2010.

● The winners of Nobel Prize for Physics for 2010 are ➟ Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov☞ Russian-born Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov of Manchester University have been named joint

winners of this year’s Nobel Prize for Physics for 2010 for their groundbreaking work on experiments withgraphene—a new form of carbon.

● The winners of the 2010 Nobel Prize for Chemistry are ➟ Akira Suzuki, Ei-ichi Negishi and Richard F. Heck☞ Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki and Richard F. Heck have been selected for the 2010 Nobel Prize for Physics for

their work on palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis.

● The winner of Literature Nobel for 2010 is ➟ Mario Vargas Llosa☞ Mario Vargas–a Peruvian–Spanish author won the Nobel Prize for Literature 2010 for his cartography of

structures of power and trenchant images of individual’s resistance, revolt and defeat in his compositions.

● The winner of Nobel Peace Prize for 2010 is ➟ Liu Xiaobo☞ Jailed Chinese political activist Liu Xiaobe was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 2010 for his long and non-

violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China.

● The winners of Nobel Prize for Economics for 2010 are

➟ Peter Diamond, Dale Mortensen and Christopher Pissarides☞ Peter Diamond and Dale Mortensen of United States and British Cypriot Christopher Pissarides won the 2010

Nobel Economics Prize recently for their work on why supply and demand do not always meet in the labourmarket and elsewhere.

● The Man Booker Prize winner for fiction this year is ➟ Howard Jacobson☞ British writer and journalist Howard Jacobson’s novel The Finkler Question won the Man Booker Prize for

Fiction this year. The novel was judged the best of the six books on the shortlist.

● The longest railway tunnel of the world which was recently completed is ➟ Gotthard Base Tunnel☞ The World’s longest railway the Gattahard Base Tunnel—the 57 km long high-speed and freight rail

connection deep beneath the Swiss-Alps—was recently completed. The tunnel is designed to slash journeytimes between Zurich and Milan by over an hour.

● The woman athlete who was adjudged the best athlete of the XIX Commonwealth Games was ➟ Trecia Smith

☞ Jamaica’s triple jumper Trecia Smith was adjudged the outstanding athlete of the Commonwealth Games onOctober 14, 2010 and thus was presented the David Dixon Award by the Commonwealth Games FederationPresident Michael Fennell.

● The country which achieved number one position in terms of medals tally in 19th Commonwealth Games in NewDelhi is ➟ Australia

☞ Australia grabbed number one position in medals tally by winning 177 medals (74 gold, 55 silver and 48bronze medal) in recently held Commonwealth Games in New Delhi.

● The winner of Korean Grand Prix is ➟ Fernando Alonso

☞ Ferrari’s Fernando Alonso won Korean Grand Prix in Yeongam in October 2010 which has brought him intothe Formula One World Championship lead.

● CBD which recently came into news stands for ➟ Convention on Biological Diversity

☞ The 193 members of the UN’s Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was organised in Nagoya—Centralcity of Japan in order to work out strategies to prevent mass extinction of species of plants and animals.

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1016 “No man has a good enough memory to make a successful liar.”

Recruitment in the Indian Navy for Short Service Commissioned Officers

as Pilot

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 15, 2010.

Age Limit—19 to 23 years.

Educational Qualifications—Agraduate degree in any disciplinewith 65% marks should have quali-fied Mathematics and Physics at10 + 2 level.

How to Apply—ApplicationForms in accordance with the pres-cribed format and complete in allrespects.

Selection Procedure—The candi-dates will be issued call up forService Selection Board (SSB) inter-view. Stage I will consist of Intelli-gence Test, Picture Perception andGroup Discussion Stage II will consistof Psychological Test, group task.Successful candidates will undergoPilot Aptitude Battery Test (PABT)followed by Aviation Medical Exami-nation.

See Employment News October16-22, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Reserve Bank of India for

Officers in Grade B

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 15, 2010.

Total Vacancies—80.Educational Qualifications—A

first class Bachelor's degree with aminimum 60% marks or an equi-valent grade.

Selection Procedure—Selectionwill be through Written Exami-nation's (WE) and Interview Phase I(Objective Type test) consist of testof General Awareness (II) EnglishLanguage (III) Quantitative Aptitudeand (IV) Reasoning, Phase II Descri-ptive type test consist of Paper IEnglish, Paper II Economic and SocialIssues and Paper III Finance andManagement.

How to Apply—Candidates canapply for the post either on theprescribed Application (Offline) orsubmit the application Online follo-wed up by sending a printout of theonline application as per the formatgiven in Employment News October16-22, 2010.

See Employment News October16-22, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in the Office of the Principal

Accountant General

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—November 15, 2010.

Total Vacancies—275.Educational Qualifications—

10th pass.Age Limit—18 to 27 years.Selection Procedure—The selec-

tion of candidates shall be based on aPreliminary Screening Test followedby Interview.

See Employment News October16-22, 2010 for more details.

National Defence Academy and Naval

Academy Examination 2011

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 15, 2010.

Total Vacancies—335 (195 forthe Army, 39 for Navy, 66 for the AirForce and 35 for Indian NavalAcademy.)

Educational Qualifications—12th class pass of the 10 + 2 pattern ofSchool Education.

Age Limit—15 to 17 years.Selection Procedure—Two stage

selection procedure based on Psycho-logical Aptitude Test and IntelligenceTest will be conducted. The paper inall the subjects will consist of objec-tive type questions only. The questionpapers of Mathematics and GeneralAbility Test will be set bilingually inHindi and English.

See Employment News October16-22, 2010 for further details.

Central Agricultural University Imphal

Recruitment for Various Posts

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 11, 2010.

Total Vacancies—76.

Educational Qualifications—Asper the requirement of the post .

Age Limit—As per the require-ment of the post.

See Employment News October16-22, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Indian Bank for Probationary Officers (JMG Scale I)

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 11, 2010.

Total Vacancies—850.

Educational Qualifications—Graduation in any discipline.

Selection Procedure—Thewritten examination comprises.Objective and Descriptive papers.Objective Test consists of Reasoning,Quantitative Aptitude, EnglishLanguage and General Awareness.After Objective Paper there will bedescriptive paper.

How to Apply—Applicationshave to be submitted by the eligiblecandidates only online i.e. throughinternet on our Bank's website www.indianbank. in

See Employment News October9-15, 2010.

Recruitment in Indian Air Force as Airman in

Group X (Technical Trade)

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tions Forms)—November 8, 2010.

Educational Qualifications—Candidates should have passedIntermediate/10 + 2 pass marks inMathematics and Physics with a

PD/December/2010/1018 “No man is good enough to govern another man without that other’s consent.”

minimum of 50% marks in overallaggregate.

Selection Procedure—Candi-dates will be tested in English,Physics and Mathematics as per CBSEsyllabus of AISSCE. Question paperswill be objective type and bilingual(English amd Hindi) except EnglishPaper.

How to Apply—Applicationshould be in A4 size paper as per theformat given in Employment NewsOctober 9-15, 2010.

See Employment News October9-15, 2010 for more details.

M.P. PSC State Services Exam 2010

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 15, 2010.

Total Vacancies—305.

Educational Qualifications—Graduation degree from a recognizedUniversity.

Age Limit—21 to 30 years.

Selection Procedure—In prelimsObjective Test will consist of Paper Iof General Studies and Paper II ofOptional Paper.

How to Apply—The candidatescan apply online through the website

www.mponline.gov.inor www. mppsc.com.or www. mppsc.nic.in.

Log onto www.mppsc.com formore details.

Recruitment in Punjab and Sind Bank in Clerical

Cadre

Last Date (Receipt of Applica-tion Forms)—November 15, 2010.

Total Vacancies—300.

Educational Qualifications—Pass with 60% marks in aggregate inHigher Secondary Examination/10 + 2 of 10 + 2 + 3 pattern.

Selection Procedure—ObjectiveTest will be based on : (a) test ofReasoning Ability, (b) test ofNumerical Ability (c) test of EnglishLanguage and (d) test of ClericalAptitude and test of ComputerKnowledge. Descriptive Paper onEnglish will be of qualifying nature.

How to Apply—Candidates arerequired to apply online throughBank's website www.psbindia.comfor more details.

Log onto Employment NewsOctober 23-29, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Punjab and Sind Bank for

Various Posts

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 15, 2010.

Total Vacancies—700.

Educational Qualifications—Graduation in any discipline withminimum 55% marks.

Selection Procedure—ObjectiveTest will consist of Test of Reasoning,Quantitative Aptitude, GeneralAwareness, Computer Knowledgeand English Language and Des-criptive paper will consist of EnglishComprehension.

How to Apply—Candidates arerequired to apply online throughBank's website www.psbindia.com.

See Employment News October23-29, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in the Indian Navy for Permanent

Commissioned Officers

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 15, 2010.

Educational Qualifications—BE/B. Tech. in Electronics.

How to Apply—As per theformat given in Employment NewsOctober 23-29, 2010.

Selection Procedure—ShortService Candidates will be called forinterview. Stage I will include Intelli-gence Test, Picture Perception Testand Group Discussion. The secondstage includes Psychological Test.

See Employment News October23-29, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Indo-Tibetan Border Force for

Constables

Total Vacancies—175.Educational Qualifications—

Matriculation or 10th class pass.Age Limit—18 to 23 years.

Selection Procedure—Candi-dates will be subjected to PhysicalEfficiency Test. Written Objective testwill assess General Awareness/General Knowledge, Knowledge ofElementary Knowledge in English/Hindi.

How to Apply—As per theformat given in Employment NewsOctober 23-29, 2010.

See Employment News October23-29, 2010 for more details.

Oriental Bank of Commerce : Recruitment

of Clerks

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 24, 2010.

Total Vacancies—1105.

Educational Qualifications—Degree in any discipline or its equi-valent or 10 + 2 examination or itsequivalent with minimum 50%.

Age Limit—18 to 28 years.

Selection Procedure—The selec-tion will be on the basis of writtentest and interview. The Objective Testwill comprise Test of Reasoning,English, Clerical Aptitude, NumericalAbility Description Test will consistof four questions out of which thecandidates are required to attempt 3questions only.

How to Apply—To apply, candi-dates should first log onto websitewww.obcindia.com.in.

See Employment News October23-29, 2010 for more details.

Recruitment in Employees’ State

Insurance Corporation

Last Date (Receipt of ApplicationForms)—November 30, 2010.

Total Vacancies—47.Educational Qualifications—

Matriculation.Mode of Selection—Through

Open Competitive Examination(Objective type) or Interview or both.

How to Apply—The applicationin the prescribed proforma given inEmployment News October 23-29,2010 should be sent.

See Employment News October23-29, 2010 for more details.

PD/December/2010/1019

Recruitment in Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan for

TGT TeachersLast Date (Receipt of Application

Forms)—December 7, 2010.Total Vacancies—559.Educational Qualifications—

Bachelor’s degree and B.Ed. orequivalent Degree from a recognizedUniversity.

FORTHCOMING COMPETITIVE EXAMS.2010

2011

M.P. PSC Assistant District Public ProsecutionOfficers Exam. (Nov. 14)

UCO Bank Clerical Cadre Exam. (Nov. 14)FCI Assistant Grade III Recruitment Exam.

(North Zone) (Nov. 14)United Bank of India Probationary Officers

Exam. (Nov. 14)Narmada Malwa Gramin Bank Officers Scale-I

Exam. (Nov. 14)Recruitment of Postal Assistant, Sorting Assistant in M.P. Postal Circle (Nov. 14)National Talent Search Examination/State LevelNational Means-cum-Merit Scholarship Selection Test 2010-11 (Nov. 21)Vanrakshakas Direct Recruitment Exam. in

Rajasthan Forest Department (Nov. 21)SSC Combined Higher Secondary Level (10 + 2)

Exam., 2010 for Recruitment of Data EntryOperator and Lower Division Clerks (Nov. 27-28)

M.P. School Education Department, PrincipalHigher Secondary School Recruitment Exam. (Nov. 28)

United Bank of India Clerical Cadre RecruitmentExam. (Nov. 28)

FCI Assistant Grade III Recruitment Exam.(South Zone) (Nov. 28)

Punjab National Bank Management TraineesExam. (Nov. 28)

U.P. Combined State/Upper SubordinateService (Mains) Exam., 2009 (Nov. 29–Dec. 14)

Assistant Manager Grade ‘A’ Recruitment Exam.in ‘SEBI’. (Dec. 5)

Federal Bank Clerks and Probationary OfficersRecruitment Exam. (Dec. 5)

Union Bank of India Customer Relation ExecutiveRecruitment Exam. (Dec. 5)

SSC Junior Translator/Junior Hindi TranslatorExam., 2010 (Dec. 5)

Special Examination for Recruitment ofSIs and ASIs in CPOs, 2010 (Dec.12)

Hadoti Kshetriya Gramin Bank, Kota Clerk-cum-Cashiers Exam. (Dec.12)

Vijya Bank Specialist/Generalist Officers Recruit-ment Exam. (Dec. 12)

CSIR-UGC Test for JRF and Eligibility forLectureship (Dec. 2010) (Dec. 19)

Hadoti Kshetriya Gramin Bank, Kota Officer(Scale-I) Exam. (Dec. 19)

FCI Assistant Grade III Recruitment Exam.(West Zone) (Dec. 19)

Rashtriya Military School Common Entrance Test (Class VI) (Dec. 19)

Bank of Maharashtra Probationary OfficersExam. (Dec. 19)

UPSC Special Class Railway ApprenticesExam., 2010 (Dec. 19)

Oriental Bank of Commerce Probationary OfficersExam. (Dec. 26)

(Online Closing Date : 10 Nov., 2010)UGC National Eligibility Test (NET) Dec. 2010. (Dec. 26)U.P. Combined Lower Subordinate Service Special

Selection (Pre.) Exam., 2008 (Dec. 26)

Indian Bank Probationary Officers Exam. (Jan. 2)(Online Closing Date : 11 Nov., 2010)

S.S.C. Stenographer (Grade ‘C’ & ‘D’) Re-exami-nation, 2010. (Jan. 9)

Oriental Bank of Commerce Clerical CadreRecruitment Exam. (Jan. 9)

(Online Closing Date : 24 Nov., 2010)Punjab and Sind Bank Probationary Officers Scale-I

Exam. (Jan. 16)Clerical Recruitment Exam. in State Bank of India’s

Associate Banks (Jan. 16)Madhya Bharat Gramin Bank Officers Scale-I

Exam. (Jan. 23)(Closing Date : 18 Nov., 2010)

GATE 2011 Online Exam. (Papers : GG and TF,AE and MN) (Jan. 30)

Punjab and Sind Bank Clerical Cadre Exam. (Jan. 30)Madhya Bharat Gramin Bank Office Assistants

Exam. (Jan. 30)(Closing Date : 18 Nov., 2010)

U.P. PCS Review Officer/Assistant Review Officeretc. General Selecion (Pre.) Exam., 2010 (Jan. 30)

Reserve Bank of India Grade ‘B’ Officers Exam.(Closing Date : 15 Nov., 2010) (Feb. 6)

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Entrance Exam. (For Class VI) (Feb. 6)

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan Post GraduateTeacher Preliminary Exam. (Feb. 11)

(Closing Date : 30 Jan., 2011)Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan TGT & Liberarian,

Primary Teacher (Pre.) Exam. (Feb. 12)(Closing Date : 30 Jan., 2011)

UPSC Combined Defence Service Exam. (I), 2011(Feb. 13)GATE 2011 Offline Exam. (Papers : AR, BT, CE, CH,

CS, ME, PH and PI, AG, CY, EC, EE, IN, MA,XE, MT and XL (Feb. 13)

Madhya Pradesh State Services (Pre.) Exam., 2010 (Feb. 20)

(Online Closing Date : 15 Nov., 2010)Indian Air Force Airman Recruitment Test (Group‘X’ Technical Trade) (Feb.)Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan Post Graduate

Teacher (Mains) Exam. (April 8)Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan TGT & Librarian,

Primary Teacher (Mains) Exam. (April 9)

Upper Age Limit—35 years.Selection Procedure—Prelim

exam will have the paper in twoparts. Part I will consist of GeneralKnowledge, General Awareness,Current Affairs, General Science andIndian Constitution Reasoning,Quantitative Aptitude and TeachingAptitude and Part II will be based onEnglish Language and Hindi Langu-age. Main Exam will have a Descrip-

tive Paper. After Main Exam therewill be interview.

How to Apply—Candidates arerequired to download the Appli-cation Form from KVS's website. Noother Application Format will beaccepted.

See Employment News October30–November 5, 2010 for moredetails. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1020 “For what do we live, but to make sport for our neighbours, and laugh at them in our turn ?”

Civil Services ExaminationLearn to Survive in New CSAT Culture

—Atul Kapoor

Career ArticleCareer Article

I am sure most of you must haveheard the traditional story of ‘theelephant’ and ‘blind men’. How eachone of them interpreted the differentparts of elephant’s body based ontheir knowledge and belief ? Each oneof them was convinced about theirown explanations.

With due regards to all, for lastfew months, the moment the newsof winds of changes in Preliminaryexamination hit the surface, the‘gyaan’ spread all throughout andbefore even UPSC could think aboutand act, the proposed Civil ServicesAptitude Test (CSAT), and phrase‘ethical and moral dimension ofdecision-making’ were like‘Elephant’ and people all aroundcame out with their version of what itis all about.

In these moments of uncertainty,many didn’t wait for the UPSCannouncement and each one of themcame out with their interpretationabout CSAT to gain the first moveradvantage among candidates. Most ofthem were so much prejudiced bytheir conviction as if UPSC was goingto fire another Salvo (in name ofCSAT).

Many serious candidates whowere preparing for Civil ServicesExamination were anxious to knowthe changes as the information avail-able was built around CSAT in such away that perhaps UPSC was going tointroduce ‘Rocket Science’ which willrequire super-special, technical know-how and would be restrictive to somesection of candidates.

The Plan for CSE 2011

The pattern and frame-work ofsyllabus for the coming Civil Services(Preliminary) Examination 2011 werereleased by Union Public ServiceCommission (UPSC) on October 18,2010.

The announcement about thescheme of Civil Services Examination

2011 included the statements aboutthe decision of Government of Indiato introduce change in the pattern ofthe Preliminary Examination.

It has been made clear that nochanges are being introduced at thisstage in the Civil Services (Main)Examination and Personality Test inthe scheme of Civil Services Exami-nation (CSE).

CSAT: Straight Path to CareerDevelopment

The change is a welcome step asthe Civil Services Examination parti-cularly Preliminary Examination,now, falls in line with other one-dayexaminations and would certainlyboost the morale of the young gene-ration.

Earlier there existed a divisionamong aspirants for Civil ServicesExamination and other one-dayexaminations as the pattern itselfcreated the divide. The serious candi-dates who had talent and potentialalways preferred to prepare separa-tely for Civil Services Examination asit has different pattern and thusrequired different approach.

Now, one who aims to be ‘CivilServant’ would find it relatively easyto deal with other open competitiveexaminations like opportunities inBanking and SSC Examinations.

Wait; there is something youmust know

The major reforms in the existingsystem of civil services examinationsare result of suggestion relating toissues involving ‘recruitment in CivilServices’ as have been studied fromtime to time by various Committeesand Commissions and most recently,by the Second AdministrativeReforms Commission.

These reports have highlightedthe issues relating to changes inselection process that includedreplacing the existing regime whichhad allowed the proliferation of a

huge variety of unrelated and oftenesoteric subjects that are not relevantfor the public services and were notcomparable for the purpose ofevaluation.

Search for more intelligent tool toassess suitable people for recruitmentfor the coveted ‘Civil Services’ postsended with idea of introducingaptitude test in shape of CivilServices Aptitude Test (CSAT).

The UPSC is looking to adoptchange in recruitment process toassess key features of personalitywhich are critical to the job in ques-tion and have eye on the essential andthe desirable qualities that meet thejob requirement.

An expert committee was set upby the Union Public Service Com-mission (UPSC) to develop the cur-ricula for these proposed new courses.

Prime Minister Mr. ManmohanSingh and the vision of UPA govern-ment along with UPSC deserves aspecial mention and compliments forbringing in such a big change to asensitive examination like this in away that it would involve ’AamAadmi’ and every educated andintelligent youth eligible for theexamination would feel confident toappear in Civil Services Examinationas misleading notions and lots ofmyths which surrounded this exami-nation are more or less dispelled.

Recently, while delivering thespeech, UPSC Chairman touched theissues about the upcoming changesand said “UPSC has also beenconstantly striving to innovate andimprove our systems to recruit thebest talents in a fair and just manner.”Further he added “The quality ofselection in the recruitment heavilydepends on the way the RecruitmentRules are framed. The procedures offraming of Recruitment Rules whichwere archaic are thoroughly revam-ped so as to be in sync with the newtechnologies / subjects / disciplinesthat has emerged in various fields.”

PD/December/2010/1021 “Better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to speak out and remove all doubt.”

“Today, UPSC is one of the few Institutions in whichpeople still have faith”, he said.

Preliminary Examination : The Exam Com-prises a World of Diversity

After 3 decades of pattern which involved 2 papers ofGeneral Studies and an optional paper, PreliminaryExamination is now going to don a new look from CivilServices Examination 2011. In this radical change theincoming system will provide a level-playing field andequity, since all candidates will have to attempt commonpapers.

Paper I is almost similar to existing General Studiespaper. Some new topics have been added and GeneralMental Ability portion has been moved to Paper II.

As per the new pattern, the Preliminary Examinationshall now comprise two compulsory Papers of 200 markseach and of two hours duration each. The questions willbe of multiple choices and objective type.

Paper I (200 marks) Duration : Two hours

● Current events of national and international impor-tance

● History of India and Indian National Movement● Indian and World Geography-Physical, Social,

Economic, Geography of India and the World.● Indian Polity and Governance–Constitution, Political

System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues,etc.

● Economic and Social Development–SustainableDevelopment, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics,Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

● General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change-that do not requiresubject specialization

● General Science.

Paper II (200 marks) Duration : Two hours

● Comprehension● Interpersonal skills including communication skills;● Logical reasoning and analytical ability● Decision making and problem solving● General mental ability● Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders

of magnitude etc.) (Class X level), Data interpre-tation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc.Class X level)

● English Language Comprehension skills (Class Xlevel).

(Last item in the Syllabus of Paper-II) will be testedthrough passages from English Language only without provid-ing Hindi translation thereof in the question paper.

No more than this has been told by UPSCProspective Candidates need good information and

clarity in order to understand and articulate deve-lopment needs related to the examination. The frame-work of the syllabus as released by UPSC outlines theareas which you need to prepare and are broad in nature.

PD/December/2010/1022 “Force is all-conquering, but its victories are short-lived.”

However, more clarity wouldemerge once UPSC brings out samplequestions which would give a fairidea about the examiner’s mind-set.As per UPSC announcement, a set ofsample questions for both Paperswould be put on the UPSC websitesoon.

The fallacy about CSAT faded asthe light on the proposed structurecleared most of the doubts and to thesurprise of most of the people, theinclusion of new topics in Paper I andthe pattern of Paper II is nothingtypical and is general in nature.

Adopt a Fresh Approach

Although the syllabus lookssimple yet you need to read betweenthe lines as this is no small exami-nation. It will require a shift fromvery general to the highly specific,widening out the scope of interest.The framework for syllabus clearlyindicates richness and complexityand would require a move in thestrategy for Preliminary Examinationfor effective preparation.

However, Paper I strengthensthe point of preparing for Mains(General Studies) along with Preli-minary Examination to understandtopics better and to gain competitiveedge.

The role of magazines like Prati-yogita Darpan and books is going tobe huge as now relevant and up-to-date information is going to assume agreater value. Besides, for Paper II,

CSAT(Upkar’s Useful Books)

UPKAR’s CSAT-Civil ServicesPreliminary Exam. (Paper-II)

InPress

,, CSAT Logical Reasoningand Analytical Ability 60/-

,, Multi-Dimensional Reas-oning 265/-

,, Data Interpretation, Analysis& Sufficiency 65/-

,, Civil Services Science andTechnology (By : VimalKumar Singh) 210/-

,, Quicker Objective Arith-metic 199/-

,, Comprehension and PrecisWriting 85/-

,, Correct English How ToWrite It 195/-

you need study material for prepara-tion as well as for practice which willinfluence your performance in theexamination.

Things just keep gettingbetter, don’t they ?

Civil Services Examination, therigorous examination across theworld as it is known, is movingtowards more specifics to take care ofthe changing trends in the society aswell as the economy.

The changes introduced now aimto test the problem solving, analyti-cal, logical reasoning and decision-making skills of the aspirants. Theoutgoing pattern was really effectivebut it had a very little stress on testingmanagerial skills in the examination.

The government has remodelledthe Civil Services Examination withan idea of making the Civil Servicesjobs more attractive and making it anew economy job. The new pattern isbound to attract highly talented andbrilliant students with specialisedskills towards Civil Services as thechanges in our economy have createda need for specialists at various jobs.

Learn new skills and way ofthinking

Earlier, candidates with excellentpreparation in his/her subject wereable to make it in Preliminary Exami-nation despite average preparation inGeneral Studies.

Now, the rule of the game isgoing to change at the first stage ofexamination. If you look at the out-going pattern, the candidates werefocused more on the optional paperwhich had higher weightage (300marks) and with a little less attentionon General Studies (150 marks) withthe aim to get average score whichsafely can take them to next level.

With new changes, now, Paper Iwhich actually is General Studies asknown earlier is going to get duerespect and importance it alwaysdeserved. This should play the vitalrole as you are aware of theexaminer’s expectations and can readthe trend.

“The brain with a problem isthe one with the solution” asimple philosophy

Paper II is all about Aptitude thataims to test intelligence, aptitude or

ability of the candidate. It is aninstrument designed to produce aquantitative assessment of the candi-date.

Aptitude tests have become aregular feature in the selection pro-cedures for Civil Services recruitmentworld over as these assess candi-date’s skills including logical reason-ing, judgement, decision making andcomprehension.

The tests are based on multiplechoice questions and meaningful andreliable as everyone answers thepapers in the same examination con-ditions resulting in fair evaluation.

The Aptitude Tests are designedin such a way that they attempt tomeasure whether the candidate hasthe specific abilities and intellectualcapabilities required for the job.

Moreover, the design of theAptitude test is such that theinfluence of any particular subjectdoes not have much impact. It is to benoted by those candidates who comefrom rural or semi-urban areas andfrom vernacular languages and mayhave some doubts about some areasincluded in syllabus of Paper II. Forthem this explanation should act asbreather to some extent.

Preliminary Examination :CSAT has Finally Arrived

If you ask me, in my view UPSChad adopted the soul of the changesintroduced now a little earlier. Whyto go back, even a glance at CivilServices (Preliminary) Examination2010 would reveal that UPSC hasdone away with the conventionalthings and has moved towardsanalytical approach and applications.The questions on current affairs arenot at all directly based on facts andfigures but test your observation, gripon your information and generalawareness.

Even, the General Studies papersof Civil Services (Mains) Examination2009 coagulate the belief that UPSChas moved from mugging to clearunderstanding of the topics.

Coaching Institutes : SameGame; Different Names

Coaching for Civil ServicesExamination has come a long way. Itis not easy for anyone to guide Civil

Continued on Page 1029

PD/December/2010/1023 “He can compress the most words into the smallest ideas of any man I ever met.”

IBSA : An Emerging Forumfor South-South Cooperation

—Arunoday Bajpai

IBSA or India-Brazil-South Africa Dialogue Forumhas emerged as a potential forum for relaunching a viableprocess of South-South cooperation. IBSA was establishedin 2003; initially, as a mechanism for trilateral cooperationbetween the three regional powers and emerging econo-mies representing the three continents, where majority ofthe poor and developing countries are located. Within aspan of seven years IBSA has displayed the potential toemerge as a platform for cooperation among developingcountries. During the Millennium Development GoalsSummit Sept. 20-22, 2010 held at the United Nations, IBSAwas awarded the 2010 United Nations Millennium Deve-lopment Goals Award for South-South Cooperation. Thisis the international recognition of its role as a forum ofSouth-South Cooperation.

The significance of IBSA is also highlighted due to anumber of regional and strategic factors. First, the threemember states of IBSA namely India, Brazil and SouthAfrica are regional, middle ranking powers in theirrespective regions like India in South Asia, Brazil in LatinAmerica and South Africa in Southern Africa even entireAfrica. Secondly, these three member states are emergingeconomies with a viable infrastructural and technologicalbase. This viability enables these countries to initiate andmanage various projects and programmes of develop-ment in poor countries without external assistance.Thirdly, due to their size, strategic location and level oftechnological and economic development, the three mem-ber states are also part of G-5 outreach countries whichhold annual consultation with G–8 group of rich coun-tries. Mexico and China are other two members of G–5out-reach group. Besides, these three countries are alsoimportant members of G–20 group of countries, which isdestined to play an important role in the management ofglobal economic architecture and other global issues.Observers predict that sooner or later, the G–20 is going toreplace the G–8 group of rich countries. As larger deve-loping countries, the members of IBSA occupy a middleground between the developed and developing poorcountries. This enables them to articulate and coordinatethe view-points of poor countries on various global issuessuch as climate change, financial reforms or trade negotia-tions at the forums dominated by rich countries. Thefourth factor of IBSA's potential emerges from the com-plementaries between the three members. For example,

if Brazil has advanced technology in the field of ethanoland bio-fuels, South Africa is ahead in mining and coalliquification technologies and India has gained ground inthe field of Software small and medium enterprises andwind energy. These complementaries can be exploited forthe mutually beneficial trilateral cooperation among thethree members of IBSA.

South-South CooperationSouth-South cooperation has been a pet ideal of deve-

loping third world countries since 1970s. The establish-ment of NAM (Non-Aligned Movement) in 1961 andUNCTAD in 1964 emphasised the need for mutual co-operation among developing countries. It should be notedthat since majority of developing and poor countries arelocated in the Southern hemisphere of the globe, themutual cooperation among them is known as South-SouthCooperation. On the other hand as all rich countries arelocated in the Northern hemisphere, the cooperation anddialogue between the developed and developing coun-tries is known as North-South Dialogue.

Price : Rs. 475/-

PD/December/2010/1024 “I will prepare and some day my chance will come.”

As developing countries have been largely the pro-ducers and exporters of primary commodities and rawmaterial, the terms of international trade have beenagainst these countries. UNCTAD helped these countriesin the field of trade promotion and policy. Also, initiallythe scope for mutual cooperation among developingcountries was limited to exchange of primary commodi-ties with few exceptions. The Non-alignment raised thevoice of South and demanded the establishment of theNew International Economic Order (NIEO) which waspassed by the UN General Assembly in 1974. The NIEOwas intended to promote the emergence of a global finan-cial and economic order which was t o be fair, equitableand inclusive. But due to the protectionist and intransi-gent approach of the rich countries, the idea of NIEOcould not be given practical shape.

However, the NAM, as a result of failure of NEIO,initiated some concrete majors to promote South-Southcooperation, which was intended to achieve the goal of

IBSA : Some Important FactsOrigin

IBSA emerged on June 6, 2003 when the foreign ministers of India, Brazil and South Africa signed ‘Brasilia Declaration’, which,among other things, expressed desire for closer cooperation among three countries on regular basis on various bilateral, regionaland global issues. It also incorporated common perspective of developing countries on some pressing issues such as opposing tradeprotectionist policies of rich countries, demanding the restructuring of UN Security Council or making the process of globalisationmore inclusive and humane.

Organisational Structure : The organisational structure of IBSA consists of three organs. First the Summit meeting which isheld on annual basis and is attended by the Presidents or Prime Ministers of three member states. Summit is the highest decision-making body of IBSA, which deliberates upon the common policies and approach of the organisation. So far following four Summitmeetings of IBSA have been held :S. N. Place Time/Year

First Brasilla (Brazil) 2006

Second Tshwane (S. Africa) 2007

Third New Delhi Oct. 2008

Fourth Brasilia (Brazil) April 2010

The second important organ of IBSA is trilateral commission inwhich the foreign ministers of member countries are represented. It alsoholds its meeting on annual basis. The major responsibility of trilateralcommission is to monitor the implementation of joints projects ofcooperation and development as decided in the Summit till date, 6meetings of trilateral commission have been held. The commission alsoholds its preparatory meeting before the Summit meetings.

The third, structural mechanism is known as ‘Focul Point’ which consists of the senior officials of the member states. It isresponsible for making proposals of various programmes and schemes of cooperation for mutual cooperation among the membercountries. The focul point also coordinates the implementation of these programmes and schemes.

ObjectivesIBSA does not have a Charter and has not laid down its objective as such. However, by going through the various issues and

approaches raised by it in various declarations, the following objectives of IBSA may be identified :(A) The primary objective of IBSA appears to be to promote economic cooperation among three countries and facilitate trade and

investment in the three regions— Asia, Africa and Latin America.(B) It also strives for promoting cooperation among developing countries popularly known as South-South cooperation.(C) IBSA articulates, coordinates and presents the collective viewpoints of developing countries on various global issues at

different international forums.(D) It aims to achieve the target of inclusive and humane social and economic development and to strive for the removal of hunger

and poverty in member states as well as developing countries.

Areas of Cooperation IBSA has identified certain areas of cooperation among member states as well as the nodal countries to initiate and facilitatesuch Cooperation. So far 16 sectoral areas of cooperation have been identified. These are : Agriculture, Climate Change andenvironment, culture, defence, education, energy, health, human settlement, information technology public administration, scienceand technology, social development, tourism, transport and trade and investment. In order to give concrete shape to theprogrammes of cooperation, 16 working groups have been set—one for each area of cooperation. Also, on the basis of level ofexpertise gained by member states, each one has been designated as lead country in certain areas to coordinate and initiate schemesfor mutual cooperation. For example, in energy sector, Brazil has been declared lead country in ethanol and bio-fuels, South Africaas lead country in coal liquification and India as a lead country in the field of solar and wind energy. Similarly, in the field of scienceand technology, India has been designated lead country in subfields in nano-technology and HIV/AIDS, South Africa in bio-technology and T.B. and Brazil in the field of oceanography and Malaria. India has also been declared as lead country in the field ofeducation. Again, many tripartite memorandums of understanding (MoU) have been signed to advance the cooperative efforts.

self-reliant growth in developing countries. In its 1989Summit NAM decided to establish South Commission topromote the cooperation among developing countries.The South Commission was established in 1990 with Dr.Manmohan Singh as its first Secretary-General, but itcould not achieve the desired success.

In 1990s, the onslaught of globalisation has adverselyaffected the trade, investment and economic developmentof poor countries. In fact, majority of the poor Africancountries have been marginalised in the process ofglobalisation. Also, the NAM became less significant ineconomic spheres as its leaders looked to the west in theirown interest and survival. Thus, in the post-cold war era,the idea of South-South cooperation became redundant. Itis in this moment of history that the initiative of IBSA bylarge developing countries is poised to play a historicalrole in South-South cooperation. The developing coun-tries of 1990s are not the same as the developing countriesof 1970s. Now many of them, particularly the members of

PD/December/2010/1025 “If I were two-faced, would I be wearing this one ?”

IBSA have much diversified economic and technologicalbase. The three countries of IBSA are placed in bettercondition to represent the voice of South to the richcountries' forums and negotiate a better term of deals.

Accordingly, IBSA has initiated many measures topromote South-South Cooperation. In 2003 itself, IBSAlaunched the IBSA Fund Facility for Alleviation of Povertyand Hunger. With the help of this facility, a number ofdevelopment programmes have been launched in deve-loping countries like Burundi, Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau,Haiti, Laos and Palestine. These development program-mes are likely to bring developing countries in the ambitof IBSA initiated South-South cooperation. Besides, IBSAhas proposed trilateral trade agreements among regionalblocks of developing countries. In 2009 April and Junerespectively, the preferential Trade Agreements (PTA)between SACU (Southern African Customs Union) andMERCOSUR and India and MERCOSUR were signed.MERCOSUR is a trade block of Latin America, which wascreated in 1991 with the membership of Argentina, Brazil,Uruguay and Paraguay by the treaty of Asuncion. Atpresent, the trade negotiations are at advanced stage foragreement between India and Southern Africa CustomUnion (SACU). The SACU is the Custom Union of Bots-wana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia and South Africa.This agreement will further expand the scope of tradecooperation among the developing countries. It should benoted that the present phase of South-South cooperationas envisaged by IBSA is distinct from earlier such phase of1980s and 1970s because it is more pragmatic and realisticin the present era of globalisation.

Brasilia Declaration : April 15, 2010The fourth IBSA Summit was held at Brasilia on April

15, 2010 and the declaration signed by top leaders ofIndia, Brazil and South Africa reflect the scope andbreadth of activities and approach covered by this organi-sation. The major highlights of the 45 points Declarationare given below :

1. On global issues, leaders reiterated their demand forthe UN Security Council to make it more representa-tive to the needs of developing countries. This mainlyincludes the expansion of membership of the SecurityCouncil in both permanent and non-permanentcategory. Similarly, IBSA declaration demanded thedemocratic reform of Bretton Woods institutions likeWorld Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF).

2. The declaration resolved to achieve the goal ofinclusive Socio-economic development under globali-sation in the interests of poor people and poor coun-tries.

3. Leaders welcomed the formation of Human RightsCouncil for the better enforcement of human rights atglobal level. They also demanded the abolition of allforms of descrimination against women and empha-sised on the goal of comprehensive process of womenempowerment.

4. On international trade negotiations, IBSA demandedearly conclusion of Doha round of trade negotiationwith focus on development. They resolved againstthe protectionist policies followed by the rich coun-

tries. They also hoped the early conclusion of Pre-ferential Trade Agreement (PTA) between India andSouthern African Custom Union.

5. Leaders also welcomed the signs of recovery ofglobal financial crisis. They hoped that the measuresof financial recovery would also reflect the concernsof developing countries. They also demanded theexpansion of finances of multilateral developmentBanks in the interest of developing countries.

6. On Climate Change, the declaration reflected theconcerns of developing countries as articulated in theCopenhagen conference organised in Dec. 2009. Theleaders again emphasised that the climate changenegotiations should be completed on the basis of theprinciple of ‘Common but differentiated respon-sibility’. These negotiations should be inclusive andtransparent and rich countries should bear thehistoric responsibility in the mitigation of climatechange crisis.

7. On political issues the IBSA declaration expressedconcern over the progress on the front of nucleardisarmament. It demanded a comprehensive, impar-tial and verifiable process of abolition of nuclearweapons. They condemned terrorism in all its mani-festations and termed it as the gravest danger to theinternational peace and security. They demanded theearly conclusion of the comprehensive UN conven-tion on terrorism and resolved to cooperate to fightthis menace.

PD/December/2010/1026 “If this is coffee, please bring me some tea; but if this is tea, please bring me some coffee.”

8. IBSA recognised South-South cooperation as anessential and specific mechanism for development.They further resolved to deepen the process of South-South cooperation in technological and economicfields. They viewed South-South cooperation as apartnership for development among participatingcountries based on the principles of equality andrespect for the Sovereignty of the nations. The threeleaders reiterated their commitment to collectivelycontribute at least one million U.S. dollars per annumto the IBSA Fund Facility for the Alleviation ofpoverty.

9. The leaders also passed resolutions on certainregional issues like Afghanistan, Haiti Ginea Bissauetc.

10. IBSA declaration also called for expediting the processof cooperation among three countries on variousareas such as education, agriculture, culture, health,energy etc. They also reiterated their resolve toencourage the interaction among three countriesthrough various non-official channels.

11. It was decided that the 7th meeting of trilateralcommission shall be held in Delhi at the end of 2010and the 5th Summit of IBSA shall be held in SouthAfrica in 2011.

The perusal of above points proves that IBSA hasemerged gradually as a voice of South at global level andit has the potential to act as a forum for South-SouthCooperation.

MDG Review Summit 2010 :Hope and Despair

The second Millennium Development Goals Summitwas held at UN General Assembly on Sept. 20-22, 2010,which was marked by rhetoric of hope and optimismamidst pessimistic realities. The Summit was attended by140 heads of states or governments. India was representedby her External Affairs Ministers Shri S. M. Krishna. Theobvious purpose of the Summit was to take the stock ofthe success and failures in the achievement of eightMillennium Development Goals, which were outlined bythe UN General Assembly ten years back in 2000. ThisReview Summit was the second such exercise as the firstsummit was held in 2005.

The Millennium Development Goals are the mostambitious programme of the United Nations since itsestablishment in 1945. These goals aim at the compre-hensive targets of socio-economic development at globallevel, particularly in poor developing countries of Asiaand Africa. Gradually, it has been realised by the globalpolicy makers that in a large part of the world populationsuffers from hunger, poverty, poor health or socio-economic degradation, it poses grave threat to the globalpeace and security. Secondly, the ongoing process ofglobalisation has resulted in the marginalisation of largechunk of poor people in developing countries. If thismarginalisation continues, the objective of sustainedglobal socio-economic development could not be realised.

Thirdly, the magnitude of global problems such aspoverty, hunger or ill health has assumed such magnitudeand complexity that it cannot be solved without the globalefforts. In brief, in this era of globalisation, the nationalproblems have also assumed global dimensions. Forexamples, observers feel that the ongoing global financialcrisis is likely to have more negative impacts on poorpeople and their livelihood.

What are Millennium Development Goals orMDGs ?

The Millennium Development Goals or MDGs weredetermined by the world leaders in 2000 at the Millen-nium UN Summit organised by the UN GeneralAssembly. The Heads of States/Government of 147countries participated in this millennium Summit. TheSummit produced Millennium Declaration which wassigned by the representatives of 189 countries. The Millen-nium Development Goals are the part of this Declaration.There are eight Millennium Development Goals with 21targets and 60 indicators to assess their progress. Thesegoals were to be achieved within a period of 15 years. Inbrief, these goals cover major issues involved in the socio-economic development of poor countries or poor peopleof the world. The eight millennium development goalsand their targets are given below :

Goal 1 : Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger—This goal includes three targets : (a) The proportion ofpeople in the globe shall be less than half, those who liveon the daily income of less than one U.S. dollar. (b)Achieving decent employment for women, men andyoung people. (c) The proportion of people who sufferfrom hunger should be less than half by the year 2015.

Goal 2 : Achieving Universal Primary Education—The target is that by the year 2015, all children both girlsand boys should complete a full course of primaryschooling.

Goal 3 : Promoting Gender Equality and Empower-ment of Women—The target is to eliminate gender dis-parity in primary and secondary education preferably bythe year 2005 and at all levels by the year 2015. This alsoincludes ensuring the seats held by women in NationalParliaments of different countries.

Goal 4 : Reducing Child Mortality Rate—The targetis to reduce child mortality (under five years of age) rateby two-third between 1990 and 2015.

Goal 5 : Improving Maternal Health—The target inthis goal is to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three-fourth between 1990 and 2015. The second target in thiscategory is to ensure universal access to reproductivehealth by the year 2015.

Goal 6 : Combating HIV/ AIDS, Malaria, and otherDiseases—The first target under this goal is to reverse thespread of HIV/AIDS and halting their spread by the year2015. The second target is to ensure universal access totreatment for AIDS/HIV by the year 2010 for all thosewho need it. The third target under this goal is to reversethe incidence of malaria and other major diseases andhalting their incidence by the year 2015.

PD/December/2010/1027 “If you would win a man to your cause, first convince him that you are his sincere friend.”

Goal 7 : Ensuring Environmental Sustainability—This goal has four targets. The first, is reversing the loss ofenvironmental resources and integrating the principles ofsustainable development into the national policies andprogrammes. The second target is to reduce the propor-tion of people by less than half by the year 2015, who donot have sustainable access to safe drinking water andbasic sanitation facilities. The third target is to make signi-ficant reduction in the biodiversity loss by the year 2010.The fourth target is to achieve a significant achievement inthe lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers by the year2020.

Goal 8 : Developing a Global Partnership for Deve-lopment—The first target under this goal is to developfurther an open, rule based, predictable, non-discrimi-natory trading and financial system. The second target isto address the special needs of the least Developedcountries. The third target is to address the special needsof the land locked developing countries and small islanddeveloping countries. The fourth target is to deal com-prehensively with the debt problems of developing coun-tries through national and international measures in orderto make their debt sustainable in the long term. The fifthtarget is to provide access to affordable essential drugs indeveloping countries with the help of pharmaceuticalcompanies. The 6th target is to make available to deve-loping countries the benefits of new technologies espe-cially the information and communication technologieswith the cooperation of private sector.

A careful perusal of these goals indicates that the firstseven goals are the measures of socio-economic develop-ment of poor people and the 8th goal is the majorinstrument to achieve the above objectives.

Assessment of Progress

The progress in the achievement has been uneven.Some countries and regions achieved considerable pro-gress, while others lagged behind. It is estimated thatChina has been successful in reducing the number ofpeople below poverty line from 452 million to 278 millionin the first 10 years’ period. India has achieved somesuccess in percentage term in poverty reduction due toeconomic development. On the other hand, the countriesof Sub-Saharan have not been able to reduce poverty andface the risk of not achieving the target by the year 2015.

According to the estimates of the World Bank, therate of poverty was 52% in 1981, which came down to25% in 2005 and 18% in 2009. For the Bank, the majorfactor in increasing the number of poor people is the lackof success in poverty reduction in African countries. Withincreasing population and due to ongoing global financialcrisis, the efforts for poverty reduction have faced setback.Consequently by the year 2010 the absolute number ofpoor people in the globe has increased. According to aWorld Bank study, nearly 6·4 crore more people havecome under poverty line by the year 2010. The per dayincome of these people is less than one dollar. It is

estimated that by the year 2015, 12 lakh children willsuffer child mortality in addition to earlier figures.Additionally, by the year more than 3·5 lakh childrenwould not get access to primary education and 10 croreadditional people would not get safe drinking water. Thefood crisis of 2008 is not over and it may require to doubleefforts to eliminate this crisis.

It is now well recognised that additional 40 to 70billion dollars shall be needed to achieve the MDGs by theyear 2015. The mobilisation of these resources dependsupon the commitment of extra resources by developedcountries as official Development Assistance. In 1970, theUnited Nations determined that the developed countrieswould transfer 0·7 per cent of their GDP as officialDevelopment Assistance to developing countries. But thathas not actually happened. At the first Review Summit2005 and G–8 Summit at Gleneagles in 2005 the richcountries agreed to increase their ODA by $ 50 billion at2004 prices and to double their aid to Africa by the year2010. However, the donor countries could not advanceadditional financial assistance and their ODA amountedjust $ 119 billion in 2009 which was 0·31% of their GDP.This is less than half of the UN target of 0·7 per cent. Inthe current terms, the ODA has actually fallen by morethan 2 per cent over previous years. If we leave asideScandinavian countries, all developed countries failed tomeet their Official Development Assistance (ODA) targets.Besides the lack of financial resources, there are otherfactors also responsible for poor progress of MDGs in

PD/December/2010/1028 “It has been my experience that folks who have no vices have very few virtues.”

developing countries. These are curruption in administra-tive inefficiency, lack of effective monitoring and lack ofpolitical will.

Besides the lack of progress in poverty and hungerreduction other MDGs are also not likely to be achievedby the year 2015. For example, 25% of children below theage of five years are underweight, mainly due to lack of

The Millennium Development GoalsReport 2010

As a backgrounder of the MDG Review Summit, the UNhas released Millennium Development Goals Report-2010,which recognises that the progress in achieving MDGs hasbeen uneven. It claims that without a major push forward,many of the MDGs targets are likely to be missed in mostregions of the world. Old and new challenges threaten tofurther slow progress in some areas or even undo successesachieved so far. The major highlights of this report are :

1. The report is optimistic about meeting the povertyreduction targets. Though an estimated 1.4 billion peoplewere living below the poverty line in 2005, by the year2015 this number is likely to be 920 million which is 15%of the total population and half the percentage of poorpeople in 1990.

2. Due to improvement in health facilities, child deaths havereduced from 12·5 million in 1990 to 8·8 million in 2008.

3. The progress in the field of fight against HIV/AIDS andmalaria and universal primary education appears to besatisfactory.

4. Though the rate of deforestation is still high, it hasslowed down in comparison to previous years due to thesuccess of tree planting schemes.

5. Increased use of safe drinking water has reduced the gapbetween rural and urban areas as the 94% people arecovered under the schemes of safe drinking water.

6. The mobile telephony continues to expand as 52% peoplehave become subscribers to mobiles by the end of theyear 2009.

7. The climate change would have major impact onvulnerable sections of society. Arms conflict and naturaldisasters continue to increase the population of refugeesas in 2009, 42 million people have been displaced, four-fifth of them are from developing countries.

8. The progress has been slow and tardy in the field ofgender equality and women empowerment in all frontsfrom access to schooling to political decision-making.

9. The report is sensitive to the gaps in the achievement ofprogress between the rich and the poor people as well asregions of the world. This disparity is also visible in termsof rural and urban areas. For example, while 77 per centof the population in 20% of the richest households useimproved sanitation facilities, the share is merely 16 percent with respect to poorest households. Similarly inSouth Asia, 60 per cent of children in the poorest areas areunderweight compared to 25% of children in richesthouseholds. In developing countries, the girls in thepoorest 20% of households are 3·5 times more likely to beout of school than the richest households.The reports calls for devising suitable measure so bridge

the gap between the rich and the poor to achieve theMillennium Development Goals.

quality food, inadequate water, sanitation and healthservices and poor care and feeding practices. Genderequality and women empowerment, which are essentialfor reducing poverty and hunger, have made poorprogress; with inadequate opportunities for schooling ofgirls and poor access of women to political authority.Even, in India, the women reservation Bill has becomecontroversial and is not likely to be passed by Parliamentin near future due to lack of political consensus.

MDGs Review Summit : The Outcome Docu-ment

At the end of the Review Summit (Sept. 20-22, 2010)the 65 the session of United Nations General Assemblyadopted the 32 page outcome Document which expressesthe commitment of world community to achieve thesegoals by the year 2015; makes assessment of progress ofrealisation of MDGs; outlines the Action Agenda withrespect to each goal to achieve the success within the giventime limit. The main highlights of the outcome documentsare given below :

1. The outcome document emphasise on the commit-ment of the world leaders to achieve these goals. “Weare committed to making every effort to achieve theMDGs by 2015, including through actions, policiesand strategies defined in the document in support ofthe developing countries…we are convinced that theMillennium Development Goals can be achieved,including in the poorest countries, with renewedcommitment, effective implementation and intensi-fied collective actions by all member states and otherstakeholders at both the domestic and internationallevels.”

2. The outcome document describes that the MDGshave achieved uneven progress with respect todifferent goals and different regions of the world. Italso lists the challenges faced by these goals in future.

According to this document, successe have been madein combating extreme poverty, improving schoolenrolment and child health, reducing child deaths,expanding access to clean water, expanding access toHIV/AIDS prevention treatment and care and con-trolling malaria and other diseases.

However, the document notes that the progress hasbeen uneven among regions and between and withincountries. There has been a slow progress in reachingfull and productive employment and decent work forall, advancing gender equality and empowerment ofwomen, achieving environmental sustainability andproviding basic sanitation etc.

3. The outcome document also proposes an ActionAgenda to achieve the MDGs by the year 2015.

The major points suggested in the Action Agenda arepromoting and strengthening national ownership andleadership of development as key determinants ofprogress; devising the rules based regime of internationaleconomic order based on recognition of interdependence

PD/December/2010/1029 “Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be.”

of nations; mobilisation of extra financial resources andtheir effective utilisation as a central point of global par-tnership of development, fulfilling the financial commit-ment by rich countries, modernisation of internationalfinancial institutions, improving the policy coherence fordevelopment at all levels; developing trade as an engineof growth and development, promoting sustained,inclusive and equitable growth, fighting corruption at bothnational and international level, making regional effortsincluding South-South cooperation to achieve MDGs,effective deployment of UN funds and specialisedagencies and working with all stakeholders includingprivate sector in strengthening partnership to achievethese goals. The Action Agenda also suggests measureswith respect to each specific goals.

Whatever may be the progress of MDGs so far, it isno mean achievement that the global community led bythe United Nations is vitally concerned with the socio-economic development of poor countries of the world.This assumes special significance in view of the negativeimpacts of the globalisation in the poor regions of theworld. The very declaration of the Millennium Deve-lopment Goals by the world body and the concerns toachieve them have serious implications for the globalsocio-economic development. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 1022

Services candidates as this examination is getting creativeas well as innovative. Only those who have rich experi-ence and insights about the Civil Services Examinationcan track the trends and spot the evolving requirements ofthe candidates.

Howsoever concerned the UPSC or government maybe about the role of coaching institutes, the fact that thechanges occurred in past few years have really unnervedmany a serious candidates.

More so, now, with CSAT in place, those who werepreparing for quite some time suddenly are faced withnew challenges which put them at par with freshcandidate.

This is an unending tussle and UPSC would continueto bring in rapid changes to the Civil Services Exami-nation to cater to evolving needs and the institutes wouldkeep on adjusting and working out the solutions to thesemodifications from time to time.

Coaching is known to be all about raising the level ofcandidate’s show in examination and focussed on pre-paration that helps candidate to perform to the best oftheir ability.

If you need support, be sure to find the rightcoaching institute as your decision would certainly decideyour chances of success in Preliminary Examination.

Great Opportunity for New Entrants : Partyfor some; Pain for others

The present scenario is again a boon for many asintroduction of Paper II is sure to bring in many newplayers who were operational in an arena of one-dayexaminations where aptitude tests are an integral part ofthe syllabus.

Sensing an opportunity, many Civil Services coach-ing institutes have introduced the CSAT Courses. But, it isvery difficult for single man to do justice with the areasPreliminary Examination syllabus covers. For specialneeds you require specialist who can bring in importantinsights.

Understand, and Face it EffectivelyThe scene is clear now and you need to do something

to figure out your requirements relating to new pattern ofPreliminary Examination. It is time to get ready to absorbthe information and make good decisions. It is time foraction ; get organized and move towards your dreamsand objectives.

My effort has always been to make a minorcontribution to breaking the shackles of apprehensionsthat surround this examination. If you have some specificqueries, doubts relating to this examination, you canalways reach me at atul@pdgroup.in

In the next issue, we will come up with detailedanalysis of areas under Paper I and Paper II and how youcan prepare these effectively.

The non-serious seems to have all the time in theworld and can wait for step-by-step announcements forcommencing preparation.

If you aim to appear in Civil Services Examination2011, it is time to work out systematic plan covering thecomplete scheme of the examination as for some seriousaspirant time appears to be perpetually running out.

P.Darpan

NewEdition

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UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

☞ Previous Years’ Solved Papers☞ General Awareness☞ English Language☞ General Intelligence and General Aptitude☞ Numerical Aptitude

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Main Features

PD/December/2010/1030 “Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.”

Personality Development Personality Development

—Sanjay Dosaj

Communication is to Personality What Light is to Beauty

ListeningListening skills—According to

Allan and Barbara Pease ‘The abilityto read a person’s attitudes andthoughts by their behaviour was theoriginal communication system usedby humans before spoken languageevolved’. Thus we see that receivinginformation was the primitive com-munication system. The importanceof listening can thus very easily beunderstood. God has given us twoears to listen while only one mouth tospeak. Clearly with an intention, thatwe should speak less and listen more.There are distinct advantages ofspeaking less and listening more.Firstly, if we speak less we will havemore time to think and fewer wordsto select in the same time. Thus, therewill be fewer chances of mistake andalso we can prepare better languageto convey the message. Hence thereare better chances of achieving thepurpose of communication, lessenergy consumed and better resultachieved.

Listening is one of the mostdifficult arts of communicationprocess, most of us are not ready toaccept that we do not listen, or atleast do not listen to the extent thatwe actually should. Most of the timeswhen we feel that we are listening,we are only hearing. There is a hugedifference between hearing andlistening.

Hearing is with senses, listen-ing is with the mind—While on themove on the road or elsewhere, ordoing some other important work,we may hear something but verylittle of what we hear in this wayis retained and is washed off ourmemory in a short time, because wehave not made a conscious attempt tostore it for a longer time. Thus we seethat hearing may be sub-conscious.On the contrary, listening is alwaysconscious, we have to make a con-scious attempt to listen. We have to

concentrate on the speaker, our mindsimultaneously works to analyse thedata as we continue to listen.

Listening is a means of inter-personal oral exchange and is anactive process of eliciting informa-tion, ideas, attitudes and emotions.

Fallacies about listening—Thereare many fallacies attached tolistening, we usually carry a goodimage about ourselves and do notreadily accept our mistakes, hence wecarry an attitude that ‘I do not havelistening problem’.

Listening is not my problem—Ialways pay attention to what is beingtalked about and if I have not beenable to perceive something, it is thefault of the speaker who was not ableto convey it clear enough.

Listening and hearing are thesame—We often consider listeningand hearing to be the same thing andhence while somebody is talking, ourmind tends to be drifting to some-thing else. We continue to hear butthe mind stops working on thereceived data, the retention is lessand for a shorter duration, we are notable to perceive enough of the dataand the communication is failed.

Good readers are goodlisteners—Good readers may notnecessarily be good listeners. There isno relation between being a goodreader and a good listener. Whilereading, your absolutely differentsenses are at work i.e., eyes, on theother hand while listening, your earsare at work. The brain however isutilized during both but the data isprocessed in different centres of thebrain.

Smarter people are better lis-teners—Smarter people may be moreeffectively able to conceal theirweakness of not listening, but it isnot necessary that they are betterlisteners. Better listening requiresproper training of the mind which isentirely different from being smart.

Listening improves with age—This again is a myth, the brain needsto be trained continuously for goodlistening otherwise the quality maydeteriorate.

Learning not to listen—Whenwe have a different opinion or we arenot convinced with the speaker, wetend not to listen to his point.

Thinking about what we aregoing to say rather than listening tothe speaker—This is one importantreason why people tend not to listento the speaker.

Talking when we should belistening—In case when we are notconvinced with the speaker, we tendto interrupt and present our logics tonot being so, this interferes withlistening process.

Hearing what we expect to hearrather than what is being actuallysaid—Presuming what the speaker isgoing to say is another reason whypeople tend to get distracted and failto listen.

Not paying attention—Theremay be innumerable reasons for notpaying attention like disinterest, notbeing convinced etc.

Preoccupation—Thinking some-thing else, while the other person istalking.

Prejudice—Due to some preju-dice, we decide consciously or sub-consciously not to listen to what isbeing said.

Barriers to active listening—Besides the above there may beseveral barriers to effective listening.

Environmental barriers—Extranoise in the vicinity will hamper thehearing and hence the perception ofthe message.

Physiological barriers—If theperson listening has some physio-logical problems like he is hard ofhearing, premature or under deve-loped to understand the message.

Continued on Page 1038

PD/December/2010/1031/5 “I do not want people to be agreeable, as it saves me the trouble of liking them.”

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Inspiring Youth ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

“Intelligent hardwork, perseverance and 100%faith in myself are the secrets of my success.”

—Ashique KarattilToppers—Indian Economic Service Exam., 2009 (3rd Rank)

‘Pratiyogita Darpan’ arranged an exclusive interview with Ashique Karattil who has been selectedin Indian Economic Services 2009 and has achieved 3rd rank. He deserves all admiration and ourheartiest congratulations on his splendid success. This important, thought provoking and highlyinspiring interview is being presented here in its original form.

PD—Achieving top slot in theIES Examination is no small feat :accept our heartiest congratulation onyour splendid success.

Ashique—Thank you very muchfor your wishes.

PD—Can you recall the exactmoment when you realized theimportance of IES ?

Ashique—I was aware of theimportance of Indian EconomicService during the period of my postgraduation. But I thought that onlythose candidates having excellentacademic background could succeedin such exams.

PD—Finally, at what point oftime did you make up your mind tomake career in IES.

Ashique—I was an under-achiever in my academic life (Hadonly minimum pass marks for mostof the exams). Since I didn’t getadmission in any college, I did myB.A. and M.A. through private study.I couldn’t even apply for many com-petitive exams because of require-ment of minimum marks for qualify-ing exams. It was out of these toughand desperate situation that I madeup my mind to make a career in IES.

PD—You must have read IASToppers’ interviews in newspapers/magazines : what inspired you themost ? Any particular success storywhich your journey to this result ?

Ashique—Many of civil servicetopper interviews have vicariouslymotivated my mind. I appreciate youfor providing such inspiring successstories for the aspirants.

PD—Was IES a planned decisionor your parent’s wish ? Did youkeep in mind some time frame, forthe examination preparation andnumber of attempts ?

“Pratiyogita Darpan is one of the best magazinesin the country that focusses on competitiveexamination. The contents are reliable, uptodate and presented in attractive style PD helpedme a lot in my preparation. PD Extra Issue onIndian Economy is perhaps the best of PDfamily. PD Year Book is also very good coveringall important national and international eventsin an attractive manner.”

—Ashique Karattil

Ashique—It was a planneddecision of mine backed by my wife.Though my parents were oblivious ofcivil service and its importance, I hadtheir blessings.

PD—Were you confident of yoursuccess in this examination and howdid you react to the news of yoursuccess ?

Ashique—Yes, I had 100 per centconfidence in my potential andbelieved that hardwork will be paidoff. When I knew that I got 3rd rank, Iwas elated.

PD—In how many attempts haveyou achieved this success ? How doyou visualize your preparation/pre-vious attempts ?

Ashique—I succeeded in myfirst attempt.

PD—While the changing eco-nomic environment offers immenselucrative career opportunities invarious sectors, still what kept youmotivated towards IES ?

Ashique—For a candidate likeme, not having a good academic pro-file, there was hardly any lucrativecareer opportunities. My desire toparticipate in policy making of thecountry also motivated me.

PD—In your opinion at whichEducational Level should one startpreparing for IES and what should be

the minimum period of time requiredto prepare for IES ?

Ashique—After post graduationin economics, one can aspire for IES, Ithink a dedicated and consistent pre-paration of one year is good enough.

PD—What is the importance ofmedium of examination for examslike CSE ?

Ashique—Indian EconomicService Exam is conducted in Englishmedium only.

PD—Does the educational,financial and demographic status ofthe family of an aspirant have anyimpact on the preparation ?

Ashique—Yes, To some extentwe are the victims of our environ-ment. However, if we are determinedwe can be the architect of our fortune.

PD—In your opinion what roledo the Competition Magazines playwhen you are preparing for anexamination like IES ?

Ashique—Standard textbooks,magazines and newspapers were theguide in my journey towards suc-cess. Good competition magazinesare better source of reliable informa-tion encapsulated in an attractivemanner. It saves a lot of time andenergy.

PD/December/2010/1032 “One half of the world cannot understand the pleasures of the other.”

Bio-DataName—Ashique Karattil

Father’s Name—Hamza K

Mother’s Name—Fathima N

Wife’s Name—Shafeekha

Son—Ryan

Age—30 years

Educational Qualifications—

10th—46% (1995), Kerala BoardGBHSS, Tirur

Pre-Degree—45% (1997) CalicutUniversity, TMG College, Tirur

B.A. (Eco.)—51% (2001) CalicutUniversity, Private Registration

M.A. (Eco.)—55% (2003) KeralaUniversity, Private Registration

B.Ed.—61% (2006) Calicut Univer-sity, MCTE Kuttayi, Tirur

M.Ed.—65% (2008) Calicut Univer-sity, DAMTEC, Chelembra

NET in Education and Economics.

PD—According to a recentreport published by a reputed surveyagency, PRATIYOGITA DARPAN(Hindi) is the largest read and theonly Career & Competition magazinein top four magazines in India. Howdo you find Pratiyogita Darpan ?

Ashique—PD is one of the bestmagazines in the country that focus-ses on competitive examination. Thecontents are reliable, upto-date andpresented in attractive style. P.Dhelped me a lot in my preparation.

PD—Please give your commentson the PD Extra Issues Series on‘General Studies’ and a few OptionalSubject ?

Ashique—PD extra issue onIndian Economy is perhaps the bestof PD family.

PD—Did you refer to PratiyogitaDarpan-Year Book ? What is youroption about the contents, size andthe time of publishing ?

Ashique—I have read PD YearBook. It covers all important nationaland international events in an attrac-tive manner.

PD—What is the secret of yoursuccess ?

Ashique—Intelligent hardwork,Perseverance and 100 per cent faith inmyself are the secret of my success.

PD—To whom would you like togive the credit for your successes ?

Ashique—To my parents, wife,brother, sisters-in-law and parents in-law. I want to thank PM institute ofCivil Service Exam, Farook CollegeCalicut and its principal Prof.Kuttialikutty and other faculties whohelped me a lot. I am also gratefulto assistant Prof. Thomas Mathewand my friends Shameer, Noushad,Rashid, Chacko, Munir, Abdu andothers. My success is my gift to myson Ryan.

MY STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS

FOR INTERVIEW

My experience as a teacher in aprivate parallel college helped me insharpening my skill of communica-tion.

My interview was held onAugust 11, 2010 in the board of VijaySingh. It went for around 30 minutes.The Chairman and board memberswere very cordial. During the courseof interview Chairman encouragedme through his non-verbal commu-nication. Since my hobby was foot-ball, questions were asked aboutWorld Cup Football 2010.

The questions asked in theinterview were related to followingareas—

List of BooksMicro Economics—Pindyck &

Rubinfeld, H. L. Ahuja.

Macro Economics—Dorn Bush &Fisher, Mankew.

International Economics—Salvatore, H. G. Mannur.

Development Economics—Todaro,Thirlwall, Lekhi.

Public Finance—H. L. Bhatia.Environmental Economics—Katar

Singh and Shishodia.Indian Economy—Uma Kapila,

Mishra & Puri.Mathematics for Economics—

Mehta-Madnani.

PD—Any suggestion/advice youwould like to give future aspirants.

Ashique—I would like tosuggest the future IES aspirants thatkeep faith in your potential. If you aredetermined to succeed, no one canstop you. Intelligent hard work willbe paid off. I wish best of luck to allthe aspirants.

Personal QualitiesFavourite Person—Mahatma

Gandhi, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru andManmohan Singh.

Strong Point—Determination andintra-personal intelligence

Weak Point—Poor hand writingHobbies—Playing football, Arm

wrestling and watching movies.

1. RBI autonomy and fiscal domi-nance of monetary policy.

2. IPL twenty-twenty; its economicsand politics.

3. The impact of poverty alleviationprogrammes on rural economy

4. The correlation betweeneconomic and social indicators ofdevelopment.

5. Euro zone Debt Crisis.

Time Management

From my past life experience, Irealized that time and tide wait fornone. I used to study 8 hours a dayduring my one year thorough pre-paration. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1033 “Silly things do cease to be silly if they are done by sensible people in an impudent way.”

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Inspiring Youth ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

“Intelligent hardwork and support of myfamily are the secrets of my success.”

—Anurag ChaudharyTopper—Civil Services Exam., 2009 (34th Rank)

‘Pratiyogita Darpan’ arranged an exclusive interview with Anurag Chaudhary who has beenselected in Civil Services Examination 2009 and has achieved 34th rank. He deserves alladmiration and our heartiest congratulations on his splendid success. This important, thoughtprovoking and highly inspiring interview is being presented here in its original form.

PD—Achieving top slot in the CSExamination is no small feat; acceptour heartiest congratulations on yoursplendid success.

Anurag—Thank you very muchfor the wishes. However much of thecredit goes to people around meespecially my parents, my brother,other family members, teachers,friends, seniors and most importantlyGOD without whose grace I couldnot have achieved this success.

PD—Can you recall the exactmoment when you realized theimportance of Civil Services ?

Anurag—Actually during mySchool, College days, while I wasgrowing up I saw many thingsaround me which agitated me. And Ithought that I should do somethingabout it. Civil Services gives meopportunity to bring about a positivechange in the lives of many people.

PD—Finally, at what point oftime did you make up your mind tomake career in ‘Civil Services’ ?

Anurag—I started the prepara-tion during final year of my gradua-tion.

PD—You must have read IASToppers’ interviews in newspapers/magazines; What inspired you themost ? Any particular success storywhich influenced your journey to thisresult ?

Anurag—This was one of thereasons why I started preparingearly. I really liked the interview ofMr. S. Nagarajan (Rank 1, 2004). LaterI contacted him personally. Here Iwould like to thank him as he helpedme change my optional from Physicsto Sociology and throughout thepreparation he helped me with hisinputs.

“Pratiyogita Darpan is a very goodmagazine. I have read PD EconomyExtra Issue. It is very important forbetter understanding of economicissues. It is extremely well written andis updated regularly. Almost everyonepreparing around me used to follow itfor the preparation.”

—Anurag Chaudhary

PD—Was CSE a planned decisionor your parent’s wish ? Did you keepin mind some time frame, for theexamination preparation and numberof attempts ?

Anurag—Right since my child-hood my father always wanted me tobe an IAS. However when I enteredIIT Kanpur and met many seniorswho were in the service, I decided tostart preparing for it. I always wantedto clear, it in 1st attempt itself, how-ever I made many mistakes andtherefore, it took nearly 3 years and 4attempts to clear Civil Services. Lastyear in CSE 2008 I was also selectedand presently I am undergoing train-ing at Income Tax academy inNagpur.

PD—The first step is the mostdifficult; how to prepare ? Whichoptionals ? What to read ? How muchto read ? Many such questions cometo your mind when you really getserious about Civil Services Exami-nation ?

From where did you get the rightadvice ?

Anurag—(a) Read Topper’sTalk—I have been following thisright after I thought to prepare. Iknew what books they were reading,what mistakes they made. Basicallyyou should not try to reinvent thewheel.

(b) Talk to seniors—There wouldbe someone from your town, collegewho has got through, try to talk tohelp. People are very generous andshare things with you don’t hesitateto ask, it may save lot of your time. Iasked help from innumerable seniorsand friends.

PD—Were you confident of yoursuccess in this examination and howdid you react to this news of yoursuccess ?

Anurag—Yes I was confident ofclearing the exam. However I did notthink that I would get such a goodrank. It was a pleasant surprise. I wasvery happy to know the result.

PD—In how many attempts haveyou achieved this success ? How doyou visualize your preparation/pre-vious attempts ?

Anurag—This was my 4thattempt. In last attempt also I clearedthe exam and currently I am in IRS.In the first 2 attempts I made manymistakes like not proper selection ofoptional etc. therefore, I was notsuccessful in the first 2 attempts.

PD—Were you preparing forother career opportunities as wellwhile preparing for your ultimategoal i.e. Career in Civil Services ?

Anurag—No this was the onlyexam I was preparing for with full

PD/December/2010/1034 “A large income is the best recipe for happiness I ever heard of.”

dedication. However in order to havebackup career I appeared in otherexams as well. I got 99·7 percentile inCAT-2007 and 4th Rank in IndianEngineering Service, 2008.

PD—While the changing econo-mic environment offers immenselucrative career opportunities invarious sectors, still what kept youmotivated towards Civil Services ?

Anurag—I believe that the CivilServices gives me opportunity tobring about a positive change in thelives of many people. Actually duringmy School, College days, while I wasgrowing up I saw many thingsaround me which agitated me. And Ithought that I should do somethingabout it. I was extremely lucky thatpeople around me always cheered meup and motivated me. I am extremelythankful to my parents for that whoasked me to concentrate on examsand do not worry about anythingelse.

Bio-DataName—Anurag Chaudhary

Father’s Name—Dr. Ram KaranChaudhary

Mother’s Name—Smt. NirjaChaudhary

Date of Birth—15-9-1983Educational Qualifications—B. Tech (Civil Engg.)—2002-

2006, IIT Kanpur, 7·5/10 (75%)12th—(2001) U.P. Board, Maha-

nagar Boys’ Inter College,Lucknow (71%)

10th—(1999) U.P. Board, Maha-nagar Boys’ Inter College,Lucknow (83%)

Previous Selections—1. Civil Services Exam., 2008—

Indian Revenue Service (IncomeTax)

2. Engg. Services Exam., 2008—4th Rank

3. CAT 2007—99·69 percentile4. BPCL in 2006 (as campus

placement).

PD—While making final choicefor optional subject/s, what's impor-tant and what's not ? Share yourthoughts and opinions.

Anurag—(a) Your Interest in thesubject (I found Geography andSociology extremely interesting).

(b) Compatibility between GS,Essay and Optionals (Geography andSociology are very helpful in GS andessay preparation).

(c) It would be better if yourgraduation subject and optional isone and same. It would help andreduce much effort. (In my 1st inter-view I got only 75 marks because Icould not answer many basic ques-tions on my graduation. Retro-spectively I believe that I should havegiven proper attention to my Back-ground.)

PD—What were your optionalsubjects ? Give the basis of selectingthem.

Anurag—Prelims : Physics

Mains : Geography & Sociology

PD—Did you keep the sameoptional subjects in all yourattempts ?

Anurag—No in my 1st attempt Ihad Physics and Geography in Mains.Later from 2nd attempt I left Physicsand took Sociology.

PD—In your opinion at whichEducational Level should one startpreparing for Civil Services and whatshould be the minimum period oftime required to prepare for CivilServices Examinations ?

Anurag—Ideally one shouldutilize the graduation period to startthe preparation process. One shouldalso choose such graduation subjectwhich apart from providing jobsecurity, would be relevant for CivilServices Preparation and Job ahead.One should prepare for at least oneyear ahead before planning to writethe exam.

PD—What is your opinionregarding the general view thatscience subjects have better chance toscore than Humanities ?

Anurag—In my case I hadbrushed my chances both with scienceand humanities. However I turnedout that I did not choose my optionalwell. In my view both science andhumanities are equally good and itshould be one’s interest and availa-bility of guidance to select the rightoptional. I have friends from bothstreams making it to the top.

Personal QualitiesFavourite Person—My Father.

Strong Point—Strong Deter-mination and Will Power.

Weak Point—Impatience.

Hobbies—Reading, Travelling, Meeting people and to learn fromtheir experiences.

PD—What is the importance ofmedium of examination for examslike CSE ?

Anurag—Basically choice ofmedium is important to express yourideas well. Apart from this mediumof exam doesn’t matter at all in thisexam.

PD—Does the educational,financial and demographic status ofthe family of an aspirant have anyimpact on the preparation ?

Anurag—I believe that it does. Ifyou have well-to-do family your taskis simpler, you just have to study andin other cases candidate would alsothink about how to survive in anenvironment where both stay andcoachings are getting expensive dayby day. In my opinion one can goback to one home town after gettingbasic guidance. I also did find Delhito be very expensive and I preparedfrom my home town only as soon asmy coachings were over.

PD—In your opinion what roledo the Competition Magazines playwhen you are preparing for anexamination like Civil Services ?

Anurag—They play a veryimportant role. Long before pre-paration I used to borrow the maga-zines from my cousins and seniorsand used to go through topper’scolumn. It helped me to decide fromwhere to prepare, how to prepare andwhat to study, what to leave and howto avoid mistakes that your seniorsmade. Later on magazines play animportant role in understandingvarious issues, bringing variouspoints that you missed while readingthe newspapers. In fact even aftergetting through the exams one shouldread them for being in touch withcurrent happenings.

PD—According to a recent reportpublished by reputed survey agency,PRATIYOGITA DARPAN (Hindi) isthe largest read and the only Career& Competition magazine in top four

PD/December/2010/1035 “Everybody likes to go their own way–to choose their own time and manner of devotion.”

magazines in India. How do you findPratiyogita Darpan ?

Anurag—It is a very good maga-zine. Although I was not able tofollow it regularly as I am fromEnglish medium, yet I always madeit a point to book my copy whentopper’s interview used to come inthat issue.

PD—Please give your commentson the PD Extra Issues Series on'General Studies' and a few OptionalSubjects?

Anurag—I have read PD‘Economy’. It is very important forbetter understanding of economicissues. It is extremely well writtenand is updated regularly. Almosteveryone preparing around me usedto follow it for the preparation.

PD—Did you refer to PratiyogitaDarpan—Year Book ? What is youropinion about the contents, size andthe time of publishing ?

Anurag—No I haven’t gonethrough it. But would like to see it if Ihave chance.

PD—What is the secret of yoursuccess?

Anurag—Intelligent hardworkand support of my family.

PD—What preference in serviceshave you opted for?

Anurag—IAS only.

PD—To whom would you like togive the credit for your success ?

Anurag—Most importantly GodAlmighty and my parents. Apartfrom them my brother Abhishek,friends esp Deepak, Nishant, Pankajand IIT friends and my Teachers esp.Shashank Sir, Upendra Sir, DevduttSir, and my seniors in IIT in Delhiand some candidates like Nagarajanwho throughout my preparationprovided me valuable source forguidance and kept me motivated.

PD—Any suggestion/advice youwould like to give to the futureaspirants.

Anurag—1. Give everything youhave for the exam.

2. Have a backup career. Itwould help you in lean phase.

3. Don’t run after coachings. Jointhem only if you feel you can’t dowithout them, and before joiningthem ask your seniors.

4. Have faith in you. Don’t bedeterred by small failures.

You have chosen a right career.Have confidence in your efforts, yourtalents,

MY STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS

FOR PRELIMS

As I had Physics in the PT, I didnot face any problem as I was ascience student. However I made it apoint to thoroughly read all NCERTsespecially History, Geography andBiology from 6th to 12th whichhelped me make my knowledge basebroader. Apart from that I was regularwith the newspapers and magazines.I devoted equal time to both GS andmy prelims optional.

As for negative marking I didnot face any major problem in thisregard. 1st of all negative markingreduces scope of guess work so I wasable to concentrate my energies onquestions which I knew well and 2ndI had already had experience ofappearing in negative marking examsbefore like IIT entrance etc.

FOR MAINS

The key to mains is clear under-standing of concepts. The subjectshould be very clear to you. The helpin this regard can be taken fromNCERTs in Geography and Sociology.Apart from that taking guidance fromgood teachers and consulting yourseniors made a big difference. Oncethis was done, hardwork and con-stant practice would see me throughthe Mains. The Current Affairs shouldcover the period from January 2010 toAug. 2010. I didn't join any TestSeries. What I did was to solve last15 years’ papers…and I continuouslyimproved upon those answers till Iwas satisfied..thats all.

FOR ESSAY PAPER

Essay paper requires you to havea clear view of things around you. Soif you are in touch with newspapersand magazines then it would helpyou. Pick the topic you are comfort-able with. Then at least spend around50 per cent of the time formulating

Workhard and success would beyours. Best of Luck.

Thank You very much andwishing you all the best for yourfuture endeavours.

the essay before writing. Well struc-tured essay would fetch you moremarks. Try to make your essay bybringing in various examples.

I chose the Health essay and Ichose it because only a week before Ihad gone through issue of Yojanawhich was about the same. This topicfetched me 130 marks.

List of BooksPrelims

Optional : Physics

1. Beiser2. BS Agarwal (for various parts)3. Last 15 years question papers4. HC Verma (both part 1 and 2)

Mains

Optional I : Geography

1. 6th to 12th NCERTs

2. ALS Class Notes and PrintedMaterial

3. Goh Cheng Leon

4. R. B. Bunnet

5. Penguins’s Dictionary for Geo-graphy (Physical and Human)

6. Khullar’s Indian Geography

7. Mazid Hussain’s Models andtheories in Geography

8. Past 15 year questions

9. Important places in news (from allthe magazines)

10. Orient Longmann Atlas

Optional II : Sociology

1. George Ritzer (for Thinkers)

2. M. Haralambos

3. 11th and 12th NCERTs

4. India : Development andParticipation (Amartya Sen and JanDreze)

5. Nadeem Hasnain’s book on IndianSociety

6. IGNOU MA Notes (for topics thatwere not covered in the abovematerial)

Continued on Page 1038

PD/December/2010/1036 “The enthusiasm of a woman’s love is even beyond the biographer’s.”

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ Inspiring Youth ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

“Hardwork, perseverance, belief in God are thesecrets of my success.”

—Rahul Dwivedi

Topper—Civil Services Exam., 2009 (40th Rank)

‘Pratiyogita Darpan’ arranged an exclusive interview with Rahul Dwivedi who has achieved 40thrank in Civil Services Exam., 2009. He deserves all our admiration and our heartiest congra-tulations on his splendid success. This important, thought provoking and highly inspiringinterview is being presented here in its original form.

PD—Achieving top slot in the CSExamination is no small feat; acceptour heartiest congratulations on yourfantastic performance and splendidsuccess.

Rahul—Thank you very much. Itis the blessings of my parents and theAlmighty God that enabled me toreach here.

PD—Can you recall the exactmoment when you realized theimportance of Civil Services ?

Rahul—Actually thanks to myfamily I have always been knowingabout civil services but it was when Iwas working in my company I sawthe movie Swades when I realizedthe importance of public service andworking for my country and itspeople.

PD—Finally, at what point oftime did you make up your mind tomake career in ‘Civil Services’ ?

Rahul—That I have to write thisexamination was always in my mindbut it was only in 2006 when Iseriously started thinking aboutmaking career in Civil Services.

PD—You must have read IASToppers’ interviews in newspapers/magazines; what inspired you themost ? Any particular success storywhich influenced your journey to thisresult ?

Rahul—I used to read theinterviews of IAS toppers especiallyin Pratiyogita Darpan in childhood.Each was an inspiration in itself.

PD—Was CSE a planned decisionor your parent’s wish ? Had you keptin mind some time frame, for theexamination preparation and numberof attempts ?

“I have known Pratiyogita Darpan (Hindi) sincemy childhood when I used to read this justknow about the toppers. That this magazine isthe largest read magazine is a testimony to thefact that it is liked by the majority of theaspiring candidates. PD Extra Issues are quiteinformative and act as a supplement to thestandard course of preparation. In PratiyogitaDarpan–Year Book all aspects are fairly good.”

—Rahul Dwivedi

Rahul—It was a planned decisionand fortunately I found my parentson the same side. I did not have anyparticular time frame in my mind.My only effort was to improve myperformance in the current attemptover the previous one. By the blessingof God I have been successful in that.

PD—The first step is the mostdifficult; how to prepare ? Whichoptionals ? What to read ? How muchto read ? Many such questions com-prehend your mind when you getreally serious about Civil ServicesExamination ?

From where did you get theright advice ?

Rahul—I don’t disagree withthat. In fact I could not get any properguidance in the first attempt becausethe exam pattern had undergone asea change and all my relativeswere not aware of this ! Only when Ilanded up in Delhi did I get the rightguidance as to which optionals tochoose, what to read and moreimportantly what not to read.

PD—Were you confident of yoursuccess in this examination and howdid you react to this special news ofyour success ?

Rahul—Honestly speaking some-where in the back of my mind I knew

that I could make it. But then therewere equally good number of candi-dates who were preparing for theexamination. So when I got the newsthrough my friend at NADT, my firstreaction was : ‘don’t lie !!’

PD—In how many attemptshave you achieved this success ?How do you visualize your prepara-tion/previous attempts ?

Rahul—This was my fourth andlast attempt. I got into IndianRevenue Service (Income Tax) in myprevious attempt (Rank 226). The firstattempt was like unguided missileand the result was that I landednowhere.

PD—Were you preparing forother career opportunities as wellsimultaneously till you achieved yourultimate goal i.e., Career in CivilServices ?

Rahul—No. I already had theexperience of working in privatesector and had the chance to go to USwhen I had left that job. So there wasno point I could have thought ofother avenues.

PD—While the changing eco-nomic environment offers immenselucrative career opportunities invarious sectors, still what kept youmotivated towards Civil Services ?

PD/December/2010/1037 “We have all a better guide in ourselves, if we would attend to it, than any other person can be.”

Rahul—Diverse nature, socialprestige, greater interaction with thepeople and the power to bring aboutchange.

PD—While making final choicefor optional subject/s, what's impor-tant and what's not ? Share yourthoughts and opinions.

Rahul—The most crucial aspectis whether you are able to generateinterest in that optional because youhave to study that for at least 1.5years. The other crucial aspects arerecent scoring pattern, syllabus andits utility for General Studies.

Bio-DataName—Rahul DwivediFather’s Name—Shri Ram

Murti DwivediMother’s Name—Smt.

Subhadra DwivediDate of Birth—August 15, 1983Educational Qualifications—10th—1997, U.P. Board, GIC

Allahabad (86%, 18th Rank in allover the state with highest marksin Mathematics 100/100).

12th—1999, U.P. Board, GICAllahabad (76%).

B. Tech—2004, IIT Madras(7·1/10).

Previous Selections—IRS (IT)in CSE 2008, Rank 226.

PD—What were your optionalsubjects ? Give the basis of selectingthem.

Rahul—Prelims : MathematicsMains : Mathematics and Pali

LiteraturePD—In your opinion at which

Educational Level should one startpreparing for Civil Services and whatshould be the minimum period oftime required to prepare for CivilServices Examinations ?

Rahul—There is no hard and fastrule though if one is determined to gofor civil services only then one muststart it in the final year of graduationand as a general rule at least one yearbefore one is actually going to takeprelims.

PD—What is your opinion regar-ding the general view that Sciencesubjects have better chance to scorethan Humanities ?

Rahul—I think reverse is truegiven the current scenario.

PD—What is the importance ofmedium of examination for examslike CSE ?

Rahul—Does not matter much.One should choose the medium oneis comfortable with. However if oneis comfortable in both one’s mothertongue as well as English thenEnglish should be preferred.

PD—Does the educational,financial and demographic status ofthe family of an aspirant have anyimpact on the preparation?

Rahul—To some extent yes. Itaffects the availability of guidance. Ithink I am lucky enough not to havesuch adverse situations against me.However, one should not be deterredunder such circumstances and mustgive the best shot.

PD—In your opinion what roledo the Competition Magazines playwhen you are preparing for anexamination like Civil Services ?

Rahul—They help the candidatesby keeping them abreast of thecurrent affairs as well as the changesthat are taking place in the examina-tion. They also act as a supplemen-tary tool.

PD—According to a recentreport published by reputed surveyagency, PRATIYOGITA DARPAN(Hindi) is the largest read and theonly Career and Competition maga-zine in top four magazines inIndia. How do you find PratiyogitaDarpan ?

Rahul—I have known thismagazine since my childhood when Iused to read this just to know aboutthe toppers. That this magazine is thelargest read magazine is testimony tothe fact that it is liked by majority ofthe aspiring candidates.

PD—Please give your commentson the PD Extra Issues Series on'General Studies' and a few OptionalSubjects.

MY STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS

FOR PRELIMS

Since I am from Engineeringbackground I devoted more time toGS than Mathematics. For GS I wentfor more exhaustive reading whilefor Mathematics it was more aboutpractice.

Rahul—They are quite informa-tive and act as a supplement to thestandard course of preparation.

PD—Did you refer to PratiyogitaDarpan—Year Book ? What is youropinion about the contents, size andthe time of publishing ?

Rahul—I went through some ofthe topics. I think all aspects are fairlygood.

Personal QualitiesFavourite Person—No one in

particular. I like many : Buddha,Mahatma Gandhi, AbrahamLincoln, Swami Vivekanand etc.

Strong Point—Hardwork,Perseverance and not comparing myself with others.

Weak Point—Too Idealistic.Hobbies—Playing Keyboard,

Reading, Lawn Tennis.

PD—What is the secret of yoursuccess ?

Rahul—Hardwork, Perseverance,belief in God and not worrying aboutthe result especially in the lastattempt.

PD—What preference in serviceshave you opted for ?

Rahul—Since I was already intoIRS(IT) the preference was IASfollowed by IPS.

PD—To whom would you like togive the credit for your success ?

Rahul—The blessings of myparents and God.

PD—Any suggestion/adviceyou would like to give to the futureaspirants.

Rahul—Believe in yourself, havepositive attitude, there is no subs-titute to hardwork. Success usuallycomes to those who are too busy to belooking for it.

As for negative marking I avoi-ded blind guessing and I went firstfor those questions whose answers Iwas sure about. After that I went forthose whose answers I could find byeliminating other options.

PD/December/2010/1038 “Friendship is certainly the finest balm for the pangs of disappointed love.”

FOR MAINS

I believe that quality is muchmore important in mains thanquantity. So I stressed a lot onwriting practice and preparing myown notes on important topics so asto avoid last moment panic and tohave faster revision.

FOR ESSAY PAPER

I chose some relevant topics,wrote essays on those and got thoseevaluated from my friends and ateacher. In the exam I wrote essay on‘Are we a soft sate’ because it wasrelevant topic, had no dearth of factsand I had the feeling of the directionin which I had to write the essay .

FOR INTERVIEW

I formed the group of likemin-ded people. Kept abreast of currentaffairs and attended as many mocksas possible. I again faced the boardof Dr. K. K. Paul. It lasted for 35minutes. The questions asked weremainly opinion based like issue ofsmaller states, naxalism, executive Vs.judiciary. Why I wanted to leave IRS,why I went to IIT Chennai when I amfrom typical Hindi heartland regionetc.

List of BooksPrelims—The Hindu, Pratiyogita

Darpan Economics Special Issue, SpecialIssues on Current Affairs, BrilliantTutorials prelims notes and otherstandard books.

For Mains all the standard books.

Time Management

Definitely time management isvery crucial. My strategy was tostudy GS and both optionals everyday by giving them time as per therequirement. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 1030

Selective listening—Some pro-blems may be self generated like wetend to hear only what we want to orwhat we are interested in.

Negative listening attitudes—Same thing applies when we do notwant to listen to the speaker becausewe presume that he does not know orthat we are better than him at thesubject being handled.

Poor motivation—The speaker isunable to generate enough interest inthe listener due to badly preparedsubject or poor/unclear language.

How to become an effectivelistener ? Here are the steps to befollowed to improve your listening.

Steps to be followed to improvelistening—

● Hearing—Conscious effort madefor attentive hearing.

● Focussing on the message—Instead of the language or theway of presentation, the focusshould be on the subject of themessage.

● Comprehending and interpret-ing, analysing and evaluating—Simultaneous analysis in thebrain and storing the messageafter well understanding themeaning and the purpose of thespeaker.

● Responding—Interaction withthe speaker on points where youare not clear.

● Remembering—Making a con-scious effort to remember themessage and the purpose of it.

How can you achieve the abovesteps ?

Prepare to listen—No body canclaim that he knows everything aboutany subject, hence, prepare yourselfmentally to listen, believe in the factthat even if you know more than thespeaker, he might have to offersomething which you do not know.

Adjust to situation—If there areany environmental barriers, correctthem or adjust to them.

Focus on ideas or key points—Focus on the subject matter of themessage instead of trying to findfaults with the language or the pre-sentation.

Accept responsibility for under-standing—Accept the speaker andthe message along with its demerits.

Encourage others to talk—Encourage other to talk so that youget a more elaborated message toachieve a better understanding of it.

Establish eye contact with thespeaker—This helps in achievingbetter attention.

Take notes effectively—Noteshelp you for later reference and hencebetter retention.

Be a physically involved liste-ner—Interact with the speaker, askquestions, clear your doubts andensure understanding.

Avoid negative mannerism—Avoid prejudice or not listeningattitudes.

Excercise your listeningmuscles—Make a conscious effort tolisten and pay attention.

Follow the golden rule—That ifyou will listen to others, they will feelobliged and interested in you andreciprocate in the same way. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 1035

FOR INTERVIEW

Dress well, have enough numberof mocks, appear confident, listen toall questions attentively. Be indif-ferent to marks in interview, it wouldhelp you to be your natural self inInterview.

I faced Madam Shashi UbanTripathi Board on 27th March Morn-ing Session. It lasted around 30minutes. My first question was whyyou want to leave IRS (they inter-rupted me many times in between).In fact that question went up to 5minutes. Then they asked me whatchanges I would like to bring myselfin the system. Why we should takeyou over others. Then there were fewquestions from my optionals (Geo-graphy and Sociology), then somequestions on my Background (CivilEngg), NCC program and other extraactivities that I have done.

Time Management

As one of the major reasons forcandidates scoring less is time mana-gement (esp. in GS). I used to attempt50 marks in every 30 minutes. SoI never have to leave any topicunanswered. Further, attempt thosequestions 1st with which you aremost comfortable. Do statistics inmiddle. Due to my rigorous practiceand revision during preparation Iwas able to handle this problem withease. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1039/6 “Great ideas need landing gear as well as wings.”

Civil Services ExaminationCivil Services Examination

—Rajendra Ghuge

Aptitude and Ethical Decision-Making

As and when the Union PublicService Commission (UPSC) adoptsthe new pattern, the Scheme of theCivil Services Examination maychange in its orientation. The overallpattern and purpose could appear asrepresented in the diagram below :

� Attitude� Aptitude � Intellect

� Confidence � Compatibility� Communication Skills

� Officer-Like Qualities (OLQs)

Evaluates :

INTERVIEW

MAIN EXAMINATION

PRELIMINARY TEST

� GENERAL STUDIES : Assesses extensive knowledge and the ability to cope with a diversity of subjects and issues.

� OPTIONAL SUBJECTS : Assesses intensive knowledge and proficiency in subjects of personal choice.

� GENERAL STUDIES : Evaluates extensive knowledge and general awareness.

� APTITUDE & ETHICAL DECISION-MAKING: Aim is to assess orientation & intelligence along with reasoning ability (within a limited time frame).

� ESSAY : Assesses perspective & intellect.

We can now proceed to focus onthe Aptitude and Ethical decision-making aspects of the examination,which is the theme of this series ofarticles in P. D. The 1st Part of thisarticle attempts to examine theAptitude aspect while the 2nd Partdeals with Ethical Dimensions ofDecision-making.

It is quite ironical that every timethe UPSC contemplates some altera-tion in the CSE pattern, the issuebecomes the hot-spot of debate, thenrationalization and finally profound

judgement. In this process, everyone(even those remotely connected)claim authoritative information, attimes making the justification appearmore authentic than perhaps even theUPSC can imagine. It is somewhatlike watching cricket, in which each

one of us becomes a ‘virtual’ player,umpire and commentator. To anextent it may be a positive pheno-menon, as an indicator of ourinvolvement, but can become anegative one too if we happen tomisinterpret the issue on the basis ofSpeculation.

Extending the logic, for the‘unaware’ CSE candidates or IASaspirants, it is a zone of confusion,since the pattern is still a suspenseand therefore a cause for anxiety.This is why even unsolicited advice

becomes a source of solace. I canspeak from experience that the‘unstopables’ will get through, nomatter what the challenges or evenimpediments. In fact, when I ‘cracked’the IAS exam, the content pattern ofthe Optional Subjects questions wasradically changing. I felt then that themore complex or innovative theUPSC makes the system, we canmake it easier for the UPSC to decidewho it wants in the system, byintelligent adaptation to the changedsituation. In fact the essence of adynamic bureaucracy is innovationand improvisation in order tomanage reality and change, be it inthe country or abroad. That is thespectrum of Civil Service ‘role &responsibility’, considering that theCSE is a mechanism for recruitmentto services as different in naturefrom each other like IAS, IFS, IPS,IRS, etc. So what is the significantcommon factor for having a commonexamination ? In the answer to thisquestion is the answer to solving thepuzzle called Aptitude Test, as theprimary ‘filter’ or screening level. ThePrelim Test may not count as a scoreinput for the final result, but it is thefirst level that rejects so manyaspirants and selects so few of themto be eligible for the next level i.e.Main Examination. In this conse-quence shall be the importance of C–SAT (in fact the entire CSE-P.T).

I remember, sometime last year,our Prime Minister having stated inone of his speeches that he expectsadministrators to be role models andlead from ahead .........(not an exactquote but the sense is correct). Thisautomatically implies no ‘back-seat’driving shall be acceptable. This ideaalongwith the concept of ‘perfor-mance audit’ gives us a logical clueas to what the C–SAT is likely toinvestigate/evaluate as AptitudeQuotient for Civil Services.

Soldiers don't make Generals,generals make soldiers; followersdon't make leaders, leaders makefollowers; ... and this applies to the

PD/December/2010/1040 “The impossible is often the untried.”

Bureaucracy as well. This is what theC–SAT would be expected to assessviz. clearly defined ‘OFFICER-LIKEQUALITIES’ (OLQs), which have a10-POINT INDEX. This interestingconcept/index will be deeply dis-cussed in a later episode of this seriessince it is a vast domain in itself. TheC-SAT has nothing to do with anysubject-specific knowledge. In anaptitude test you have to basicallycomprehend, de-construct, andresolve the problem by choosing fromthe given alternatives, in a limitedtime-frame. The entire exercise is toevaluate Psychological orientation,Professional alignment and Intel-lectual capability of the candidate.

It does not mean that there is noscope for enhancing ‘response value’and ‘reaction time’ to overcomeaptitude test ‘firewalls’. One theory isthat given enough time, most aptitudequestions can be solved correctly.Even if this is assumed to be true, dowe get all the time we need for ans-wering questions in the CSE (?)—No !there is always a sense of urgencyand paucity of time. As significantly,and this is my experience withaptitude tests, the more time you givea question, the more are the chancesthat you would get confused areimmense. This is not an issue aboutcorrect or incorrect, it is about con-fusion ...........inability to decide evenif you are ‘fairly sure’ about thecorrect choice. The psychologicalpressure of an examination environ-ment can compound the problem.

Let us now proceed to sampleproblems of an aptitude test :Ex. 1

Instruction : Arrange in the orderof logical decision-making—

(A) Possibility(B) Probability(C) Variability(D) Certainty

Choice :(i) ABCD (ii) CDAB(iii) ACBD (iv) DCBA

Ex. 2Instruction : Arrange in the order

of priority—(A) Food (B) Clothing(C) Shelter (D) Freedom

Choice :(i) ABCD (ii) DABC(iii) ABDC (iv) BDAC

Ex. 3

Instruction : What should be thepriority order for an ethical civilservice—

(A) Fidelity(B) Honesty(C) Efficiency(D) Integrity

Choice :(i) ABCD (ii) ADBC(iii) DBCA (iv) CADB

Ex. 4

Instruction : What should be thepriority of mechanisms as instru-ments of effecting positive/construc-tive change—Choice :

(A) Economic(B) Political(C) Social(D) Psychological

For Development :(i) ABCD (ii) ACDB(iii) ABDC (iv) BACD

For Growth :(i) ABCD (ii) ADCB(iii) ADBE (iv) BACD

For Progress :(i) BACD (ii) BCAD(iii) BCDA (iv) ACBD

Ex. 5

Instruction : If personal ethicsclashes with state ethics, what shouldbe the basis of executive decisions—Choice :

(i) Personal Ethics(ii) State Ethics(iii) Evasive Tactics(iv) None of ‘A’, ‘B’, & ‘C’

(Answers and justification willappear in next P.D. Issue)

The various types of questions inaptitude tests will be taken up withsample questions in this series, toinclude ‘fallacies’, ‘paradoxes’,‘differentials’, ‘functionals’, ‘rela-tionals’, ‘inductive-deductive logic’,‘reasoning & extension’, ‘permutation& combination’, ‘probability equa-tions’, ‘statement jumbles’, ‘datainterpretation’, etc. In effect theaptitude test along with certainelements of the psychometric test isan intelligent combination which

attempts to guage the ability andpropensity of candidates in identi-fying the problem, analysing theproblem, exploring options at resolv-ing the problem and at times chosingthe ‘best possible’ answer under thesituation defined in the problem.

We can now proceed to the 2ndpart of our theme—Ethical andMoral Dimensions of Decision-Making. In this section, we shallexamine the individual factors thatinfluence moral philosophy andvalues. Over a larger context, thesefactors come to constitute a nationalpsyche. So when we talk of ethicaldecision-making we have to considerthese factors as important deter-minants of the value system on whichethical decision-making is based.Although there are some universalprinciples of humanity, we cannotoverlook the prevalence of ethicalrelativism to quite an extent.

A systematic method to under-stand these specific factors and theinfluence on ethical values is tocategorise them into ‘conditioning’(‘which’ and ‘how’ influences shapehuman thinking and morality) and‘antecedents’ (the background anddirect inputs that form human atti-tude and personality). Conditioningfactors such as historical legacy or theshared past that a group of peoplehave gone through is an importantinfluence on the behaviour of people.This is the reason why there isresponse variation to any situationin different groups of people. Thiscreates problems for responseexpectation ........... which can be seenin the differing or diverse answers tothe same aptitude test question. So isthe case with geographical factorswhich reflect in group cohesionwithin a certain territory anddiffusion between various groupsbelonging to different territories. Inthis manner, even the other condi-tioning factors do create responsevariation to situations. That is why asafe strategy for C-SAT would be tounderstand what the UPSC expectsits civil services officers to be. If thisis done, much of the problem in ans-wering aptitude and ethical decision-making would be solved. The pointis to come out of our prejudices andpreconceived notions and look ataptitude questions dispassionately.

PD/December/2010/1041

INDIVIDUAL FACTORS, MORALPHILOSOPHY and VALUES

Historical

Geographical

Cultural

Social

Economic

Political

Religious

Legal

Conditioning and Antecedents

Experience

Education

Inter-personal

Community

Cross-Cultural

Circumstances

Psycological

AttitudeInfluences

All these influence human think-ing and human response to situation.It needs self discipline to maintainscientific objectivity.● Moral compulsions and legal

compunctions—These alsoinfluence choices and at timespeople pretend to be differentfrom what they are, in answeringaptitude questions.

● Psychological association bet-ween conduct, morality andethereal or divine responsebased on reciprocity and pro-portionality. When people linkthese, they are seeking to find

answers to ethical decision-making in prayer or luck factor.this is a delution.

● Religion as an influential factorin determining morality andvalues through concepts such asconscience, sin, God's justice,good and evil, heaven and hell,etc. however, in ethical decision-making of the ethical criteria forstate decisions may be at variancewith individual morality. it is thestate view that must prevail.

● State – Civil Society - WelfareFactors Matrix : Individual-Society-State—A considerableinterplay o ethical eriteria andsocial justice takes place andgenerally social justice is assimi-lated into ethics.

● Community Castigation Vs.Community Recognition—Thisissue emerges when progressiveand conservative ethics comeface-to-face on any issue.

● Community influence & publicauthority—This is an extensionof the preceding point. If thetraditional community is unableto influence progressive publicauthority, it tries to be obstruc-

tionist and confront publicauthority. It is a matter of whatare the perceived ethical criteria.Public authority is not personaland it has public concerns andinterests. Therefore sectarianethics has to be superseded bysecular ethics.All these issues would constitute

questions on ‘Ethical and MoralDimensions of Decision-making’. Aninteresting angle to these questions isthat at times a question is rephrasedand repeated with many other ques-tions in between. So, if a candidatehas made a contrived choice once,he/she is likely to forget the responseand make a contradictory choice thesecond time. This exposes the inten-tion of the candidate and it wouldlead to losing marks.

Finally, once we get into theQ&A mode, the candidates wouldsurely attain the expected level ofproficiency. Prior to that stage, weneed to have our concepts in perfectorder, in fact to reach that stage itself.

The author is a former diplomatbureaucrat and is presently associatedwith guiding CSE aspirants.

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1042 “Desire creates the power.”

United Nations Summit on Millennium Development Goals

—Dr. Amresh Chandra

Economic and Social DevelopmentEconomic and Social Development

United Nations Summit on theMillennium Development Goals(MDGs) concluded on 22 September,2010 in New York with the adoptionof a global action plan to achieve theeight anti-poverty goals by 2015target date. It followed announce-ment of major new commitments forwomen’s and children’s health andother initiatives against poverty,hunger and disease. The outcomedocument of the three-day Summit –Keeping the Promise : United to Achievethe Millennium Development Goals –reaffirms world leaders’ commitmentto the MDGs and sets out a concreteaction agenda for achieving theGoals by 2015. Based on examples ofsuccess and lessons learned over thelast ten years, the document spellsout specific steps to be taken by allstakeholders to accelerate progress oneach of the eight Goals. It also affirmsthat, despite setbacks due to theeconomic and financial crises,remarkable progress has been madeon fighting poverty, increasing schoolenrolment and improving health inmany countries, and the Goals remainachievable.

Background of MDGs

When 189 Heads of State andgovernment from the North andSouth, as representatives of theircitizens, signed onto the MillenniumDeclaration at the 2000 UN Millen-nium Summit, there was a palpablesense of urgency. Urgency to "freeour fellow men, women and childrenfrom the abject and dehumanizingconditions of extreme poverty, towhich more than a billion of them arecurrently subjected.” Since then manyevents have been unfolded whiletrying to meet those goals. TheMillennium Development Goals(MDGs) are eight internationaldevelopment goals that all 193 UnitedNations member states and at least23 international organizations haveagreed to achieve by the year 2015.

They include eradicating extremepoverty, reducing child mortalityrates, fighting disease epidemics suchas AIDS, and developing a globalpartnership for development. Theseare the goals and targets :

1. End poverty and hunger—Over the years, we've been inundatedwith the statistics and the pictures ofpoverty around the world, so much sothat many people in both the Northand South have come to accept it asan unfortunate but unalterable stateof affairs. The truth, however, is thatthings have changed in recent years.The world today is more prosperousthan it ever has been. The techno-logical advances we have seen inrecent years have created encourag-ing new opportunities to improveeconomies and reduce hunger.

The Targets

● Halve, between 1990 and 2015,the proportion of people whoseincome is less than one dollar aday.

● Achieve full and productiveemployment and decent workfor all, including women andyoung people.

● Halve, between 1990 and 2015,the proportion of people whosuffer from hunger.2. Universal education—Every

human being should have theopportunity to make a better life forthemselves. Unfortunately, too manychildren in the world today grow upwithout this chance, because they aredenied their basic right to even attendprimary school. A sustainable end toworld poverty as we know it, as wellas the path to peace and security,requires that citizens in every countryare empowered to make positivechoices and provide for themselvesand their families.

The Targets

● Ensure that, by 2015, childreneverywhere, boys and girls alike,

will be able to complete a fullcourse of primary schooling.3. Gender equality—Poverty

has a woman's face. Global prosperityand peace will only be achievedonce the entire world's people areempowered to order their own livesand provide for themselves and theirfamilies. Societies where women aremore equal stand a much greaterchance of achieving the MillenniumGoals by 2015. Every single Goal isdirectly related to women's rights,and societies where women are notafforded equal rights as men cannever achieve development in asustainable manner.

The Target

● Eliminate gender disparity inprimary and secondary educa-tion, preferably by 2005, and inall levels of education no laterthan 2015.4. Child health—One of the

darkest characteristics of poverty isthat is seems to prey on thevulnerable and defenceless. In low-income countries, one out of every 10children dies before the age of five. Inwealthier nations, this number is onlyone out of 143.

The Targets

● Reduce by two-thirds, between1990 and 2015, the under-fivemortality rate.5. Maternal health—Many

people consider the day their childwas born the happiest day in theirlife. In poorer countries, the day achild born is all too often the day itsmother dies. The lifetime risk ofdying in pregnancy and childbirth inAfrica is 1 in 22, while it is 1 in 120 inAsia and 1 in 7,300 in developedcountries.

The Targets

● Reduce by three quarters, bet-ween 1990 and 2015, the mate-rnal mortality ratio [MMR].

PD/December/2010/1043 “You must do the thing you think you cannot do.”

● Achieve, by 2015, universalaccess to reproductive health[UARH].6. Combat HIV/AIDS—Malaria,

together with HIV/AIDS and TB, isone of the major public health chal-lenges undermining development inthe poorest countries in the world.Malaria kills an African child every30 seconds. Many children whosurvive an episode of severe malariamay suffer from learning impair-ments or brain damage. Pregnantwomen and their unborn childrenare also particularly vulnerable tomalaria, which is a major cause ofprenatal mortality, low birth weightand maternal anaemia.

The Targets

● Have halted by 2015 and beginto reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS.

● Achieve, by 2010, universalaccess to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it.

● Have halted by 2015 and begin toreverse the incidence of malariaand other major diseases.

7. Environmental sustainabi-lity—Reducing poverty and achiev-ing sustained development must bedone in conjunction with a healthyplanet. The Millennium Goals recog-nize that environmental sustainabilityis part of global economic and socialwell-being. Unfortunately exploita-tion of natural resources such asforests, land, water, and fisheries-often by the powerful few havecaused alarming changes in ournatural world in recent decades, oftenharming the most vulnerable peoplein the world who depend on naturalresources for their livelihood.

The Targets

● Integrate the principles of sus-tainable development into coun-try policies and programmes andreverse the loss of environmentalresources.

● Reduce biodiversity loss, achiev-ing, by 2010, a significant reduc-tion in the rate of loss.

● Halve, by 2015, the proportionof people without sustainableaccess to safe drinking water andbasic sanitation

● By 2020, to have achieved asignificant improvement in thelives of at least 100 million slumdwellers.

8. Global partnership—TheMillennium Goals represent a globalpartnership for development. Thedeal makes clear that it is the primaryresponsibility of poor countries towork towards achieving the firstseven Goals. They must do their partto ensure greater accountability tocitizens and efficient use of resources.But for poor countries to achieve thefirst seven Goals, it is absolutelycritical that rich countries deliver ontheir end of the bargain with moreand more effective aid, more sustain-able debt relief and fairer trade rules,well in advance of 2015.

The Targets

● Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discri-minatory trading and financialsystem. Include a commitment togood governance, developmentand poverty reduction bothnationally and internationally.

● Address the special needs ofthe least developed countriesIncludes : tariff and quota freeaccess for the least developedcountries’ exports; enhancedprogramme of debt relief forheavily indebted poor countries(HIPC) and cancellation ofofficial bilateral debt; and moregenerous ODA for countriescommitted to poverty reduction.

● Address the special needs oflandlocked developing countriesand small island developingStates (through the Programmeof Action for the SustainableDevelopment of Small IslandDeveloping States and the out-come of the twenty-secondspecial session of the GeneralAssembly).

● Deal comprehensively with thedebt problems of developingcountries through national andinternational measures in orderto make debt sustainable in thelong term.

● In cooperation with pharma-ceutical companies, provideaccess to affordable essentialdrugs in developing countries.

● In cooperation with the privatesector, make available the bene-fits of new technologies,especially information and com-munications.

Outcome of the SummitGeneral Assembly adopts the

following outcome document of theHigh-level Plenary Meeting on theMillennium Development Goals—We, Heads of State and Government,gathered at United Nations Head-quarters in New York from 20 to 22September 2010, welcome the pro-gress made since we last met here in2005 while expressing deep concernthat it falls far short of what isneeded. Recalling the developmentgoals and commitments emanatingfrom the Millennium Declaration andthe 2005 World Summit Outcome wereaffirm our resolve to work togetherfor the promotion of the economicand social advancement of all peoples.

They (participants) were convin-ced that the Millennium Deve-lopment Goals can be achieved,including in the poorest countries,with renewed commitment, effectiveimplementation and intensifiedcollective action by all Member Statesand other relevant stakeholders atboth the domestic and internationallevels, using national developmentstrategies and appropriate policiesand approaches that have provedto be effective, with strengthenedinstitutions at all levels, increasedmobilization of resources for deve-lopment, increased effectiveness ofdevelopment cooperation and anenhanced global partnership fordevelopment.

In the summit emphasis was puton a broad based policy formulationand its execution–they recognize thatall the Millennium DevelopmentGoals are interconnected andmutually reinforcing. Therefore theneed is to pursue these Goals througha holistic and comprehensiveapproach. Outcome document call oncivil society, including non-govern-mental organizations, voluntaryassociations and foundations, theprivate sector and other relevantstakeholders at the local, national,regional and global levels, to enhancetheir role in national developmentefforts as well as their contribution to

PD/December/2010/1044 “Your goals, minus your doubts, equal your reality.”

the achievement of the MillenniumDevelopment Goals by 2015, andcommit as national Governments tothe inclusion of these stakeholders.

In an effort to achieve those goalssome of the important steps taken bydifferent stakeholders are :

● The European Union [EU]offered funding amounting to €1 billion to the most committedand needy countries to makeprogress on the goals they arefurthest from achieving.

● The World Bank announced anincrease in the scope of itsresults-based health programmesby more than $ 600 million until2015 to scale up essential healthand nutrition services andstrengthen the underlying healthsystems in 35 countries, parti-cularly in East Asia, South Asiaand sub-Saharan Africa.

● The World Bank will increase itssupport to agriculture to bet-ween $ 6 billion and $ 8 billion ayear over the next three years, upfrom $ 4.1 billion annually before2008, under its AgricultureAction Plan to help boostincomes, employment and foodsecurity in many low-incomeareas.

● France announced funding of$ 1.4 billion to the Global Fundto Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis andMalaria for 2011-2013, anincrease of 20 per cent.

● The United States announced acommitment of $ 50.82 millionover the next five years for aGlobal Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, a public-private partner-ship led by the United NationsFoundation seeking to install 100million clean-burning stoves inkitchens around the world.

● The United Kingdom announceda tripling in its financial con-tributions to fight malaria,increasing its funds for malariafrom £ 150 million a year to £500million by 2014.

● Canada reaffirmed its commit-ment to mobilize more than $10billion from G8 and non-G8leaders, key donors and privatefoundations over the next fiveyears through the Muskoka

Initiative for maternal, newbornand child health adopted at theG8 Summit.

● Belgium pledged € 400,000 forthe Fourth United Nations Con-ference on Least DevelopedCountries, to take place inIstanbul, Turkey, in 2011.

Challenges of MDGs

Although developed countries'aid for the achievement of the MDGshas been rising over the recent years,it has shown that more than half istowards debt relief owed by poorcountries. As well, the remaining aidmoney goes towards natural disasterrelief and military aid which does notfurther the country into development.According to the United NationsDepartment of Economic and SocialAffairs (2006), the 50 least developedcountries only receive about one thirdof all aid that flows from developedcountries, raising the issue of aid notmoving from rich to poor dependingon their development needs butrather from rich to their closest allies.

Many development experts ques-tion the MDGs model of transferringbillions of dollars directly from thewealthy nation governments to theoften bureaucratic or corrupt govern-ments in developing countries. Thisform of aid has led to extensivecynicism by the general public in thewealthy nations, and hurts supportfor expanding badly needed aid. Therecent announcements of help andaid by the developed world and otherdonor institutions to the third worldcountries are welcoming steps buthow it unfolds on the ground iscritical in achieving the main objec-tive.

Conclusion : Pro-activism ofall Required

In the words of UN SecretaryGeneral Ban Ki-Moon—this Summithas laid a solid foundation for theprogress we need in our quest toachieve the Millennium DevelopmentGoals by the internationally agreeddeadline of 2015. Through the parti-cipation of a large number of Headsof State and Government as well asleaders from civil society, the privatesector and the philanthropic com-munity, this event has galvanizedworldwide attention.

While underlining the impor-tance of a comprehensive approachto meet the MDGs, Indian PrimeMinister, Dr. Manmohan Singh said,"The Millennium Development Goalsthat we have set for ourselves cannotbe met unless governments are pro-active. No government in any civili-zed society can ignore the basic needsof people. The goal of the develop-ment process must be to includeevery last member of our society inthat process". Member countries ofthe UN and other participating bodiesin the summit reiterated their com-mitment towards the MDGs. Werequest the General Assembly to con-tinue to review, on an annual basis,the progress made towards theachievement of the Millennium Deve-lopment Goals, including in theimplementation of the present out-come document.

Ten years after the MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs) agreedby world leaders became the greatest-ever commitment for a ‘more peace-ful, prosperous and just future’,progress is slow and many hardwonachievements have been undone afterthe global food, fuel and economiccrises. Unless an urgent rescue pack-age is evoloved to accelerate fulfil-ment of all the MDGs, we are likely towitness the greatest collective failurein history and thus alarmingly endan-gering the well-being of future gene-ration. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1045 “Thought is behaviour in rehearsal.”

Sociological Sociological ArticleArticle

Changing Face of Indian Women : From VedicPeriod to Modern Age

—Pooja Sehrawat, M.S.W. M.Phil

IntroductionIndian women have seen many

ups and downs in their life from thebeginning of the world. In primitivetimes (pre stone & post stone age) shewas living a happy life with her malepartner and children. The vedicperiod was the golden period for thewomen. They had all privilegesand enjoyed a happy socio-economic,religious, political and cultural life.During post vedic period, graduallythe status of women started decliningand she was deprived of her social,economic, religious and politicalrights. The medieval time filled herlife with agony. It was the worst timefor women. They were confinedwithin the four walls of the houseand treated as slaves. During theBritish rule the position of Indianwomen started improving and withthe cooperation of prominient socialreformers women succeeded thoughslowly, to regain their socio-economicand political rights of which theywere deprived in earlier times.

Status of Women in VedicPeriod

The vedic period in Indianhistory is considered as golden periodwith regard to the status of women insociety. In this period women wereenjoying a very specific and respect-ful position in their homes and insociety. During this period she wasconsidered even greater than godsas is said, ∏tuuh tUeHwfe'p LoxkZnfixjh;lh∏ and ∏;( ukfjLrq iwT;Urs r( jeUrs

nsok#π She was enjoying her social lifeequal to men and sometimes evenhigher to men. Men and women werejust like the two sides of a coin. With-out one the other was incomplete.Both of them were just like the twowheels of a house cart in which theimportance of both the wheels wasequal. Women were free to partici-pate in social, economic and politicalactivities equally with men. Theywere also free to participate equally

in the performance of religious rites.The educational opportunities werealso open for women and they werefree to study vedic literature. Gargiand Maitreyi can be named as well-educated women of this period.

In this period women were notrestrained in purdah system. Theywere not confined within the fourwalls of the house. The women hadconsiderable freedom in selection oftheir life partners through the systemof ‘Swayamvara’. During this periodthe wives proved good companionsand partners of their husbands intheir social and household activities.In those times widow remarriage wasallowed. Widows were not treatedinhumanely by the society in thename of custom, tradition and belief.On the whole it can be said thatwomen enjoyed all freedoms duringvedic period. They had equal partici-pation in all the spheres of life withmen without any difference of sex,caste, creed, religion etc.

Status of Women in PostVedic Period

In post vedic period the status ofwomen started declining with theemergence of Smritis (especiallyManu Smriti). In this period ‘Manu’emerged as law maker of Hindusociety and he equated women withshudras and slaves. Manu clearly saidthat women must be kept undercontrol. “In childhood a woman mustbe subject to her father, in youth toher husband and when her lord isdead to her sons”. Women wereexpected to follow men as his shadowand at that time strong emphasis waslaid on faithful and uncomplainingwife. Women had no separateidentity. And they were known asweak, helpless, powerless anddependent member of society. Thewomen were also not allowed tomake participation in social, econo-mic, religious and political spheresof life. Women education was banned.The system of widow remarriage was

stopped. All these restrictions andsuppression resulted in decline ofwomen’s status and position in thesociety and men started treating heras his slave and consumable com-modity.

Status of Women in MedievalPeriod

With the Muslim invasion inIndia during medieval period thestatus of women further declined. Inthis period certain ill practices likeSati, Child marriage, Devdasi system,purdah system, ban on Widowremarriage became part of sociallife in India. The Muslim emperorscaptured the wives of defeated HinduKings and kept them in their herums.In order to escape from humiliationthe Queens of defeated Hindu Kingsburnt themselves alive before thecoming of mughals in their palace e.g.Rani Padmavati burnt herself alivebefore Aurangzeb reached in herpalace. Child Marriage became com-mon in those days because the Hindumasses in order to save theirdaughters from muslim’s humiliationgot their daughters married at anearly age. Purdah system closed thedoors of education for women. Poly-gamy also became popular in thesedays. Hindu women were strictlyinstructed by their husbands toremain in Purdah (in veil) all thetimes. Though the above practiceswere adopted in order to protectthe women from muslim invaders,gradually they took the shape ofcustom and tradition.

Inspite of these adverse condi-tions some women viz. Razia Sultana,Chand Bibi, Noor Jahan, Jija Bai tookactive part in politics and showedtheir excellence and ability.

Status of Women in BritishPeriod

From the beginning of 19thcentury, prominient social reformersstarted a struggle for the revival of

PD/December/2010/1046 “Goals are dreams with deadlines.”

rights and freedoms of women inIndian society and they succeededin their mission to a great extent. Afew of the social reformers were RajaRammohan Roy, Inshwar ChandraVidyasagar, Jyoti Rao Phuley,Maharishi Dayananda Saraswati,Swami Vivekananda etc. Raja Ram-mohan Roy raised voice against SatiPratha (system) and by his efforts in1829 British Government enacted‘Sati Prevention Act’. Ishwar ChandraVidyasagar supported widow remar-riage and in 1856 succeeded in gett-ing passed ‘Widow Remarriage Act,1856’ Jyoti Rao Phuley and MaharishiDayananda Saraswati were greatsupporter of women education andMaharishi Dayananda Saraswatiopened separate schools and collegesfor women’s education. SwamiRamakrishna Paramhansa and AnnieBesant were few other prominientsocial reformer of this time.

On the other side, in politicalsphere Rani Laxmi Bai, Kittur Chen-namma and Begum Hazrat Mahalshowed their knowledge, skill, capa-city and power against the Britishrulers.

In 1917, the first women’sdelegation met the secretary of thestate to demand women’s politicalrights supported by the IndianNational Congress. The All IndiaWomen’s Education Conference washeld at Pune in 1927. Bhikaji Cama,Vijay Laxmi Pandit, Kamla Nehru,Kasturba Gandhi, Aruna Asaf Ali,Sucheta Kriplani, Sarojini Naidu werefamous freedom fighters who activelyparticipated in India’s struggle forIndependence with Mahatma Gandhiand Pt. Nehru.

Status of Women after Inde-pendence

After Independence of Indiacertain legal, constitutional and deve-lopmental efforts were made torevive/raise the status of women andalso to protect women from torture,suppression and exploitation. TheConstitution of India guarantees—

(i) Equality before law as perArticle 14

(ii) Prohibition of discrimination ongrounds of religion, sex, casteand creed as per Article 15(I)

(iii) Equality of opportunity to allindividuals without any dis-crimination of caste, sex, religionas per Article 6

(iv) Right to adequate means oflivelihood as per Article 39(a)

(v) Equal pay for equal work as perArticle 39(d)

(vi) Just and humane conditions ofwork and maternity relief as perArticle 42

Apart from these articles ofIndian Constitution several Acts alsohave been enacted by Government ofIndia with the objective to protectwomen’s rights and also to protectthem from sufferings and exploita-tion. The important Acts are asunder—

(i) The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955

(ii) The Hindu Succession Act, 1956

(iii) The Hindu Minority andGuardianship Act, 1956

(iv) The Hindu Adoption and Main-tenance Act, 1956

(v) The Dowry Prohibition Act,1961

(vi) The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961

(vii) Equal Remuneration Act, 1976

(viii) The Domestic Violence Act, 2005

Due to all these legal and consti-tutional efforts and also because ofexpansion of education, liberalisationand globalization the ideology ofIndian society towards women haschanged. The modern Indian womanhas became a significant part ofsociety and she is playing a vital rolein the country's public life. Thewomen of today have opted for newhorizons and paths to satisfy herquest for self expression and creati-vity.

The women are taking activepart in all spheres of life i.e. political,social, economic, religious etc. TheCensus of India 2001 has registered25·60 per cent of female population asworkers numbering 127·22 millionout of a total female population of 496million.

ConclusionAfter Independence Indian

women progressed speedly parti-cularly in Indian politics. Mrs. IndiraGandhi ruled over the country for 14years, Smt. Jaya Lalita in Tamil Nadu,

Smt. Rabdi Devi in Bihar, NandiniSatpati in Uttar Pradesh were suc-cessful chief ministers of their res-pective states. Smt. Pratibha Devi-singh Patil is holding the office of thePresident of India. Meera Kumar isholding the post of Speaker of theLok Sabha, Smt. Sheila Dixit hasbeen continuously ruling over Delhisince 1999. Besides this, women areholding key posts in almost all thedepartments of central and stategovernments. Not only in civil areasbut in defence also they are doingexcellent jobs. Sania Mirza, SainaNehwal. P. T. Usha, Malleshwari, aresome of the prominent figures ofgames and sports. They have earnedname and fame in sports. MotherTeresa had done extraordinarywork in the field of health. LataMangeshkar and Asha Bhonsle arethe famous singers of India andworld also. Arundhati Roy andMedha Patekar are the famous socialactivists. Nirupama Roy is holdingthe post of foreign secretary in theMinistry of External Affairs. Indianwoman, today and without anydifference of caste, creed, religion, sexetc. are enjoying all human rights andfreedoms. However, 33 per centreservation bill for women in IndianParliament and state legislativeassemblies is waiting for clearance inLok Sabha. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1047 “Dare to be naive”

Legal Article Legal Article

—Sanjeev Sirohi

Section 497 IPC Must be Amended

It would certainly amount to anexaggeration if we say that Section497 IPC pertaining to adultery mustbe abolished but certainly we won'tbe overstating or exaggerating if westate that it needs to be amendedsuitably at the earliest to meet thepresent circumstances because we arenow living in 2010 and not in 1810 or1910. We are totally dumbstruck tosee that even after so many yearsof independence, this most discri-minating section in not only IPC butin our entire criminal law whichimposes punishment on men aloneeven though women fully consentedto it or even lured him as an abettorstill remains untouched after so manyyears. What a pity! Section 497 says :“Whoever has sexual intercoursewith a person who is and whom heknows or has reason to believe to bethe wife of another man, without theconsent or connivance of that man,such sexual intercourse not amount-ing to the offence of rape, is guiltyof the offence of adultery, and shallbe punished with imprisonment ofeither description for a term whichmay extend to five years or with fine,or with both. In such case the wifeshall not be punishable as anabettor.”

It is beyond at least our compre-hension why a married women alonehas been given a blank cheque ofopen exemption to indulge in free sexwith as many men as she likes andyet not be punishable as an abettoreven though notwithstanding that itwas she who lured them and they allwill be punishable for being men ?Can on earth there be any suchdiscriminatory law which openlydiscriminates between men andwomen and punishes men alone eventhough women abetted it ?

We know that even in Englanditself adultery is not a criminaloffence because IPC is their creation.In some European countries, adulteryis mildly punished. For instance, inFrance, a wife guilty of adultery ispunishable from minimum three

months to maximum two years ofimprisonment. The husband, how-ever, has discretion to end hersentence and take her back. Theadulterer is similarly punished. InMalaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong,adultery is not punishable. In US, 6states do not punish adultery at all, in20 states both transgressors are guiltyand in 8 states both transgressorsare guilty. If the woman is marriedbut if she is single then only man isguilty. In Pakistan and most Islamiccountries, adultery can be punishedwith death also. In Philippines it isthe married woman who is aloneliable for adultery.

Just recently, Justice S.N. Dhingraof Delhi High Court said : “We areliving in an era of equality of sexes.The Constitution provides equaltreatment to be given irrespective ofsex, caste and creed. An unemployedhusband who is holding an MBAdegree cannot be treated differentlyto an unemployed wife who is alsoholding an MBA degree.” Does thisconcept of equality not apply in caseof adultery also ? A crime is a crimewhether it is murder, theft oradultery. If a woman can be punishedfor murder, theft and other offencesthen why not for adultery also ? Timehas come when this gross injusticeperpetuated on men is rectified.

To be brutally honest, if there isone section in the IPC which we detestthe most—it is obviously Section 497.This we say not beings men but ashuman beings. No other section ofIPC so blatantly discriminates bet-ween men and woman with men herebeing at the receiving end andwomen being at the gaining end. Nomen can ever even stare continouslyat a women without her consent,leave alone the question of havingphysical relationship.

Don't get us wrong. We are notagainst women rather we stronglysupport equality demanded by themwith men in all spheres includingpermanent commission in armedforces. We are just saying why

adultery should be a special excep-tion ? Either there should be nopunishment at all both for men andwomen or both should be awardedequal punishment or only thatindividual who is married and breaksthe faith of his/her spouse byindulging in it should be held liableirrespective as to whether he/she is amen or a women. We must learnsomething from Ranbir Penal Code1932, s. 497 applicable to Jammu &Kashmir under which both areequally punished. Similarly, in Korea,both husband and wife are equallypunishable for adultery under article241 of the Korean Criminal Code. Butin Uganda adultery is criminal forwomen and not for men.

The Fifth Law Commission ofIndia in its 42nd Report, 1971 hadrecommended the retention of Section497 in its present form with themodification that, even the wife, whohas sexual relations with a personother than her husband should bemade punishable for adultery. It alsorecommended for revision of thecurrent punishment for the same,which is five years, as it felt that it is,“unreal and not called for in anycircumstances.” The suggested modi-fication was not accepted by thelegislature. Joint Selection Committeesuggested equal culpability of boththe sexes for their promiscuousbehaviour, but it was of the view thatthe old punishment of five yearsshould be retained as it is. The Com-mittee on Reforms of Criminal JusticeSystem in 2003 recommended : “Inview of the fact that an adulterousrelationship cannot take place withoutthe consent of the married woman, itis highly discriminatory to hold onlythe man guilty of the offence withoutmaking the adulterous woman liablefor her infidelity.” Even the ApexCourt in Sowmithri Vishnu Vs. Unionof India AIR 1985 SC 1618 held : “It iscommonly accepted that it is theman who is the seducer and not thewoman. This position may have

Continued on Page 1052

PD/December/2010/1048 “The greatest dreams are always unrealistic.”

SSB : For Three Wings of the Armed Forces What ? How ? and Why ?

—J. B. Mall, Psychologist

Career Article Career Article

S. D. T.S. D. T.Self Description Test

Two negatives can’t make one positive, for that the contents of thebottle is to be seen not the label. Label may or may not justify the contents

but contents can justify the label.

Liberty and fullfreedom to describeyourself.

You have to appraiseyourself within bindand bounds.

Electronic/print media duly backed by the environmental freedom has complicated and made the assessement of human personality a difficult task. Due to ever changing dynamics of socio-economic cum cultural values of the society we live in. The assessors need to be conscious of the current status of the candidates who are reporting to the centre being influenced by the above. The environmental liberty and competitive pressure is projecting a thorough knowledge with a technical know-how, to fabricate, cook, manifest and camouflage the responses and the behavioural pattern with full of impression management which the parameter of selection system does not require.

Saying that my handwriting is weak, I lack in speaking, I want to improve my English, I hesitate to speak before the audience. Gentlemen, these are skill not the weaknesses. Weakness requires action where as skill requires interaction. Action is an individual component whereas reaction is social. In a broad term reaction becomes interaction.

Saying that I hesitate to talk with the strangers. I want to enlarge my social circle. I want to mix up easily. This is part of your social intelligence. You can make the effort and improve upon. Not the weaknesses.

Small people talk about other people, mediocre people talk about things; great people talk about ideas.

Similarly, when you write that my sister gets annoyed when I increase the volume of T.V. Gentleman this is reaction not the weakness. You close the door and the same will not happen. Again some one writes my mother gets annoyed when I bring a bunch of friends. Gentleman this is again not a weakness. You inform earlier and it will not happen.

An individual is the product ofhis environment and sorroundings.The word his environment andsorrounding denotes his liberty topick and choose the people andsociety he wants to. An individual isthe product of ‘his’ environment andsorroundings in which he lives in.The word ‘his’ denotes his choice ofchoosing his environment. The fur-ther interpretation of ‘his’ environ-ment is; heredity + environment. Forheredity no system of the universewill take otherwise or penaliseyou. As you do not have your con-trol on heredity, for the example, itis the decision of the God where

PD/December/2010/1049 “Don’t expect mangoes when you plant papayas.”

you will be born who your parentswill be ? Who will your siblings be ?But where as your environment isconcerned, it is you who choose thefriends, guides, society and sur-rounding. Therefore, you may not beheld responsible for heredity butcertainly you will be made account-able for the environment you chooseto.

In other kind of answers youmay find some thing and sometimenothing but in this particular answeryou will find every thing. I willrequest you to analyse and introspectthe above answer. The focal point ofthat answer is climate, environment,society and finally a well defined lifestyle. Please realise and answer myquestion ? When summer comesdon’t you feel fed-up ? Don’t youget annoyed, feel uncomfortable and

Kinds, Function, Nature and the Strength of these Three Techniques

Status of thesetechniques

PsycheTechnique

What does it find out ?Interviewing officer

TechniqueWhat does it find out ?

Your Social Adjustmentand casual behaviour

Group Testing OfficerTechnique

Your Defence MechanismStress resistence and,Emotional Stability

What does it find out ?What is the Nature ofthis Technique ?

Your Group Effectiveness,Group Dynamics andPractical Effective &Efficient Intelligence.

What is the Natureof this Technique ?

ObservationalTechnique

What is the strengthof this Technique ?

This technique is strong in factor IIIrd that leadership, factor Ist that is intelli-gence and it can also find out factor IV that is Dynamism but weak in factor IInd that is Social Adjustment.

This technique is very much powerful in factor IInd that is Social Adjustment. It can easily find out factor IIIrd that is leadership and factor Ist that is intelligence but weak in factor IV that is Dynamism.

This technique is strong in factor IV that is Dynamism, factor Ist that is intelligence and it can easily find out factor IIIrd that is leadership but weak in factor IInd that is Social Adjustment.

InferentialTechnique

What is the strengthof this technique ?

What is the Natureof this Technique ?

InferentialTechnique

What is the strengthof this Technique ?

uneasy ? Similarly when spring comesit brings pleasantness, happiness andcheerful climate and environmentand finally it stimulates you to makeeager to move any where to work andenjoy more energetically.

This ‘Self Description Test’ isthe 4th among the battery of yourpsychological test. This psycholo-gical test is based on inferentialtechnique. The interpretation of thistechnique is : psychologist reacheshis evaluation on the basis ofinferences. To draw the inferencesneither he studies on the line norabove the lines but studies betweenthe lines. He is not interested whatyou are writing rather, from whereyou are writing.

In the G.T.O. series of testing or inthe group testing officers’ technique, if

you have not been able to speak in G. D.(Group Discussion) then the situationalcondition will not stimulate the G.T.O.to find out why you have not spoken.Because, this technique is only obser-vational not the inferential. But thescientist does it. Interviewing officerdoes it, as both these techniques are aninferential one.

If you consider the above dia-gram you will acknowledge that outof these three techniques, some tech-nique is powerful in some factors, butweak in other factors. Therefore allthese three techniques are made tocorrespond independently to find outa suitable saviour or a leader of crisisfor the Armed forces. Because of thiscombination and comprehension, thistechnique is known as scientific andfool-proof. Meaning thereby it can-not be befooled.

PD/December/2010/1050 “For every mountain there is a miracle.”

Explanation—It is purely a psychological based selection which consistsof—

The sound interplay and homogeneous mix of all the above three techniques will produce/project/display a suitable personality which will be recognised and recommended as saviour or a leader of crisis.

Field PsychologyWritten Psychology Interview Psychology

Thought Process Action Content of words

This Self Description is knownby three ways the (1) is known as SelfDescription (2) is self-story writingand (3) is self-appraisal. This is thefavourite method being exercised bythe psychological tests to get to knowmore about the individual and toobtain information to confirm thefinding already recorded in the earliertests.

“In terms of your special attitude and skills. One particular quality should not start dominating every aspect.”

Highlighting your achievements.

Do not begin with your description. For example I am youngman, get up early or I am strong man of aged 23, 24 or 25 and I am smart, smiled and humbled.

Strong points & Weak points :

Sorry not required

“Denial is the worst form of the defence mechanism.”

Status of Self Description

Then what is required ?

Intellectual

Social Leadership

Dynamism1 2 3 4

The Importance of Self Descrip-tion—In the first instance, this taskprovides valuable information regard-ing the candidate to the Psychologistand the interviewing officer that tooat the time of the conference. ThePsychologist may assess and evaluatethe individual on the basis of thedetails obtained by this technique.Secondly, he would use these parti-culars to obtain confirmation for hisfindings, by seeking corroboration.

In either case, it may be appliedin creating the impression of thecandidate on the minds of theseexaminers about achievements,ambitions, attitudes, ethics, emotionsand the character. They come toknow of candidate’s strong and weak

points as well as his ability to analysehimself impartially and objectively.

May I ask you not to go onfabricated, cooked and manipulatedand guided description. Gentleman,this is a very good test and you willkeep on enjoying if you learn to writehonestly and in a genuine way.

First kind

Second kind

Third kind

A lot of people who do not know their weaknesses. Neither they try to know nor they understand.

Who know the weaknesses but do not take steps to rectify them.

Who know, realise and take proper steps timely to rectify them.

These above qualities should bedescribed through action, incidents,emotions, relations and interactions.Facts and opinions are to be speltbalancly. Please be plain in explainingfacts and opinions. To many wordsdo not communicate properly. Writespecific, precise and direct des-cription not with too much adjectivelike : My parents see my dynamism

and energetic behaviour, considerme more mature as they give moreresponsibility, seeing my maturitythey fully depend on me. Writedirectly, according to my parents Iam a mature one. Use simple wordswhen you are reporting directly aboutyour self.

Defence mechanism is usedwhen there is failure or somethinggoes against your ego—For exampleif your % of marks in intermediateis less than high school then donot criticise teachers, examinationpapers, schools or do not say mymother was ill, father used to remainout of station. Admit and confessdirectly that I have wasted time withfriends, seeing pictures etc. Say thatit is a gross failure on my part. Now Ihave become aware and I have donethis and that and even I am followingthe strict schedule these are like thisand will do this within this much oftime.

“A reliable time table withreasonable follow up of ups and down toupgrade the educational track records,sports and other tie-ups in games andother activities with obedient and naturalacceptability of dark and light areas withinnocent confession gives rise to honestyand innocense which become the back-bone of recommendation.”

It is the technique which matters.Experience pays not the strength.Human beings have certain weak-nesses and good points. There arethree kinds of people in the word—

Admitting fault is strength notthe weakness. Ego is disastrousinstinct which damages the balance,creat clashes. I will exemplify withfollowing descriptions; I will take theexample of three words which mayhave different aspects, notions andeven can create clashes. These threewords—

PD/December/2010/1051 “In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity.”

Does not carry any risk, responsibility does not require any skill, experience and even the knowledge of the components of behavioural pattern.

Converse is interactional a reciprocal behavioural pattern is required. If you are humble, polite and having a capability to stand specific then certainly it will bear good fruits.

Message conveyed : send the re-enforcement we are advancing.Message received : send the refreshment we are dancing.

When a conveyed message is received it becomes communica-tion. Due to lack of skill or grasp it may flop and even may cause

Communication requires sense of responsibility.

Requires group, knowledge, experience and skill I will exemplify as here under—

Converse requires sensitivity, humour or a good behavioural pattern backed by value, ethics and social norms.

Converse imposes more responsibility than yourself.

You ask Suresh that on the way to your house you will find Gaurav’s house. Convey my message that examination notes are ready. He may come and collect it. Neither you are more serious nor Suresh. But, when message is received by Gaurav he will take it seriously and will come and collect it.

Convey Converse Communicate

a

b

c

c

a

b

a

b

Interpretation—All the above three components require a balanced personality otherwise any of the above or evenall three may create ego, clashes, havoc etc.

The role and the character of themirror can be truely compared withthe ‘Self Description’. This test doesnot require any literature or prepara-tion or practice. The main thingstands. How to write ? and ‘What towrite’ ? only.

Before coming ahead to howto write and what to write Iwill first explain

What does under take to writethe Self Description ? Ask yourself.What will amount to a very good life ?Leading life ? successful life ? happylife ? a trouble free life ? The answeris family, teachers/employer, friends,yourself and finally what you want tobe ? and what would you like toinculcate and how ? The composite,compound and comprehensive mix ofall the aforesaid components whenbalanced applied and described itbecomes the ‘Self Description’ or ‘SelfAppraisal’ or ‘Self Story Writing’.

The family becomes the Ist unit,basic initial intiation factor and thepoint to inculcate, incorporate, con-dense, expand the span and depth ofbehavioural pattern to constitute adesirable and not desirable person-ality. Opinion formation is longdrawn and time taking process. Thisis the reason why the psychologicaltests are evaluated through inferentialtechnique.

It the element of honestly and trans-parency is compromised the assesse-ment will not got in your favour.

Under the changing or varyingsituations if you spell transparencyand on other occasions if you turn tobecome ambiguous, then selectionparameter will bounce your certainty.

Basically a child is taught, nur-tured by her mother, father and even

PD/December/2010/1052 “It is surmounting difficulties that makes heroes.”

by other family members under thejoint family system. Since yourchildhood, if you have been good inyour routine, commitment, sports,home work and you never developedany bad habit or any kind of habit ofbeing reminded except in some caseslike when cricket match comes onT.V. then you lose studies. When youplay cricket on Sunday or holidaysthen you are always brought backfrom the play ground by your familymembers. And finally your familymembers become annoyed when youfeel pain in your stomach due to over-eating specially when non-veg. iscooked or served in any function.

When you are grown up andbecome the aspirant of IMA, OTA,specialised entry, service entry orTA. (Territorial Army entry) at thelaterstage of life. Then the methodremains the same but the contents arechanged. Sometimes your contentsbecome more mature. Most probablywith good sense of duty, sense ofdiscipline, sense of responsibility andeven with high sense of responsibility.

With two or three examples, youwill learn to write the S. D. of anystage. More specifically, if anydrastic turn you have confronted inyour past life then how to write ?and what to write ? Suppose yourfather has expired then yourmother’s opinion will only exist.Similarly, in case of mother’s deathyour father’s opinion will exist.Sorry to say gentleman in case yourparents are not alive you may writethat since my parents are no moretherefore, parents’ opinion will notexist.

Better you ask the duty officer—In case parents are not alive, you may ask

the technical officer, psychologist orscientist who so ever is conducting thepsychological test. Sir, my parents arenot alive, should I write that my parents’opinion does not exist or I should writetheir opinion whatever they had beforetheir death.

Parents opinion for CDSE andspecialised entries—According tomy parents I am open and friendlywith them. I do understand theirfinancial limits and compulsion. EvenI have taken a part time job as teacherand have also started giving tuitionsto support the education of my sibl-ings. I have made my parents free oftheir responsibility to care and sharewith my siblings. My parents becomeannoyed sometimes when I scold mysiblings to make them serious fortheir studies. And again my parentspoint out to care for my future.

Parents opinion for service andTA. Entries—(Service entries wouldhereby mean the army personnel whoare already in the service and doapply for the commissioned jobs. AndTA entries would mean that who arein service either in civil or in privateprofession and do apply for this entryfor that the age limit is 42 years). Theparents’ opinion for this entry wouldrun as hereunder—According to myparents I am too sincere to followthem as they want. In their opinion Iam responsible, caring and do under-stand them and their limits. I extendfinancial support without theirhint as I understand the need andoccasions. Most of the times I givethe full support because I do realisethat they need it. I do understand thefamily and its need and do what isrequired. My parents some timespoint out to care myself and myfamily.

Teachers/employers opinion—Honouring teachers is like honouringself and the blessing we receive inreturn is above all. Teachers alwayshave been the best guides, philo-sphers and friends. They are knownto give the best and usable turn to thelives of their disciples. They under-stand you better and whatever theyspeak, they speak honestly andimpartially. The relations between theteachers and taught vary from indivi-dual to individual. With someteachers you become very close,familiar and friendly. Seeing yourDynamism, active participation, moti-vation and interest in various fieldsyour teachers assign you work andtask in the interest of the organisa-tion.

On some occasion teachers needright people for the right jobs.Selection of men depends on theirsuitability. Teachers know who cando what ? How much time and kindsof resources a task requires ? Somejob requires challenges and risk.When a particular mission or task isaccomplished that too with or with-out hurdles then opinion is formed.In closing address when commenda-tion is given and certificates followedby prizes are awarded with a duebriefing about the achievements andremarkable performances then whathappens.

Continued to be Next Issue

Continued from Page 1047

undergone some change over theyears but it is for the legislature toconsider whether s. 497 should beamended appropriately so as to takenote of the ‘transformation’ which thesociety has undergone.”

The National Commission ofWomen had also criticized the Britishera law of being anti-feminist as ittreats women as the property of theirhusbands and has consequentiallyrecommended deletion of the law orreducing it to a civil offence. The 14thLaw Commission in its 156th Reportalso recommended reformation of thecriminal law of adultery and changesin relevant sections of Cr PC also. Atleast now our government must actand initiate necessary changes in itbe either making it gender neutral ordecriminalising it entirely! Mediashould also play its part in this regardby debating it more vigorously andprominently to draw the attention ofour law makers in this regard. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1053 “Troubles, like babies, grow larger by nursing.”

A TALISMAN for Civil Services’ Aspirants—A. P. Bhardwaj

Self-Motivations ArticleSelf-Motivations Article

From smallest to grandest, frommaterialistic to metaphysical, fromthis worldly to other worldly, there isonly one talisman; Jaggo, Khojjo,Samjho, Pao and for that there is onlyone Mantra : Be Realist and Try theImpossible.

The first and foremost thing tobe taken into consideration and tobe pondered upon Sincerely andHonestly is whether you really aspireto be a civil-servant. Try to find outits answer from deep down withinyourself. Is it your own aspiration ?Isn’t it an imposition ? Isn’t it animitation ?

Aren’t you going to try thisventure without having the know-ledge of the risks involved ? Thoughit is the most prestigious service ofthe country and everybody has theright to try for them, yet it is notnecessary that everybody would havefilament of that type. Everybodycannot have the basicity. Some mayhave poorer basicity; many may havericher. Moreover it is a matter of :Attitude and Approach Prioritiesand Potential Talents and Tastes.

CSE is not just like any otherexamination. It is an entirely andaltogether different from other exami-nation in its nature, scope and deter-mination. You will be able to achieveyour goal only and only if youraspiration is : Real, Honest, Sincere,True, Infallible, Unwavering, Con-crete.

Try to understand the meaning,intent and content of these words.You normally use these wordsinnumerable times in a day. But youdon’t make use of these words almostthroughout your life.

Ramshackled and borrowedaspiration, floundering attitude;rancid thoughts, shaky spirits, ricketyapproach and random, tottering anddilapidated preparation cannot bringyou success.

Your aspiration should be yours.Your efforts should be sincere and

honest. Preparation must be concrete,consistent, relentless and focussed.

Keep Regurgitating● jaggo, khojjoo, samjoo, pao● aspire and achieve● strive and strike● be realist and try the impossible● avoid myths and misconceptions● procrastination robs you off

opportunity● will planning perseverance lead to

excellence● use of time is very important● utilization of energy and resources

is more important● introspect, investigate, examine

and evaluate yourself● consider and reconsider; decide

and resolve; don’t falter and recoil● arise, awake and stop not till the

goal is achieved● arise, awake or perish

Avoid Myths and Misconcep-tions

Try to be right here and rightnow. Forget the end; try to concen-trate upon the means. The path toachieve this end is really very lengthy,tedious, cumbersome. There is noshort cut.

So before plunging into thisbattlefield, consider and Reconsideryour Decision as Many Times as youcan. But once considered and recon-sidered, pondered upon & delibera-ted upon honestly and sincerely, thendecide and resolve. Once decided andresolved, then don’t falter and recoil.Then go ahead; then don’t Boomrangand Backfire. Then don’t delay; delaymeans defeat.

Procrastination Robs you offOpportunity

Remember all succeed whodeserve. You have to strive to deserve.So, Aspire and Achieve for that Striveand Strike.

Will Planning PerseveranceLead to Excellence—Weigh yourself.Evaluate your potentials. Identify

your weakness and strengths. Removethe weakness. Improve the strengths.

To give ourselves a reasonableprospect of success, we must realizewhat we wish to achieve and for thatmake the best of opportunities; Useof Time is Most Important.

Don’t Forget the CSE is not justlike any other examination. It is anentirely and altogether different. It isnot the test of your one or two years’preparation.

It is not the test of your bookishknowledge only. It is the test of yourown self. It is the examination ofyour overall development. In addi-tion to knowledge, it is the test ofyour certain fundamental, basic, ele-mental and phenomenal charac-teristics such as your capacity toPerceive, Conceive, Think andAnalyse the things in Wider;Grander, Higher and Holistic pers-pective.

Apart from and in addition to allsaid and done required, five thingsare indispensable to be an IAS and allin equal measure :

1. Basic intelligence

2. In depth knowledge/hardwork

3. Over all development

4. Considerable command over thelanguage

5. Role of invisible forces such asGod, Divinity, Luck, Nature andDestiny.

The basic intelligence means thecapacity to; understand, analyse,grasp and apply the things. It alsorequires the inquistitive mind toknow the things; to learn the thingsfrom wherever you can learn, what-soever you can learn; howsoever youcan learn. It means you shouldn’tremain confined to books only. News-papers, journals, magazines, cinema,TV, seminars, workshops and eveninteractions should be the othersources to sharpen your intelligence.You should be reasonably prudent,logical, rational and pragmatic, and

PD/December/2010/1054 “You cannot have success without the failures.”

philosophical as well as empiricaland practical.

Knowledge and Hardwork arethe backbones of CSE. There is noescape route to it. There is no sub-stitute to it. In order to gain requisiteknowledge, everybody has to put inbasic minimum requisite-labour pro-portionate to his/her basic intelli-gence. Knowledge simply doesn’trequire donkey studies putting inunaccounted number of hours andgoing through a no. of books.

No ! it is a widely prevalentmisconception about CSE. It is adeeply embedded Myth. Knowledgemeans accumulation, assimilation andapplication of knowledge. For that itrequires : Strategic, Guided, Qualita-tive, Organized, Consolidatedstudies.

It can be accumulated andassimilated through mountainouslabour, volcanic zeal, cyclonic spirits,never give up attitude rather do ordie approach.

Assimilation is More Impor-tant than Accumulation

Lakhs of candidates accumulateknowledge. But few hundredsassimilate and apply knowledge andget selected. Mere rattafication cannotsuffice. Donkey labour cannot yieldthe desirable results rather produceundesirable results. So for strategic,guided, qualitative, organized andconsolidated studies you require Self-control.

Self-control basically constitutes :Utilization of time, channelizationof energies and resources, avoidingdiversions and perversions.

Utilization of time means to putin your efforts effectively and pro-perly. It requires systematic, disci-plined, consistent preparation whichfurther requires : Regularity, Punctu-ality, Honesty, Sincerity, Singlemindedness, Whole heartedness,Devotion and dedication.

These words are used indiscri-minately; intentionally or uninten-tionally; advertently or inadver-tently but you never make use ofthese words.

Once you apply these words inletter and spirit and translate theseinto action, your life can get trans-formed. It can get a new meaning.

You can use it in different colours.You can’t anticipate the result. Youcannot experience the intensity andgravity.

For that avoid—Diversions andDeviations, Myths and Misconcep-tions, IFS and Buts, Triffles andTriffling People, Meaningless andmeandering discussions, GibberishTalk, Self conceit and self deceit,complacency.

Be particular about—CompanyAssociation, Interaction. It can pro-duce unimaginable results negativeas well as positive.

Utilization of Energies andResources is Very Important

Everyone is born with a differentbackground. Everyone is brought upin different atmosphere, in a differentmanner. Everyone has got differenteducational background. So to say thefamily, social, economic, educational,mental background of everybodydiffers from other people. So ever-yone has to start his preparation froma different Plank. So the planning,strategy, amount of labour, span ofpreparation for everyone would bedifferent.

So you should be able to rationa-lize and differentiate the things whichare within your control & which arenot within your control. So youshould remove your weaknesses andimprove your strengths. You shouldtry to make the best optimum use ofyour energies and resources and timeat your disposal.

For that avoid—Moaning andgroaning, bragging and boasting,frailities and fluidities, frivolities andfallibilities, flickering and flippantattitude, flirt approach, insouciantspirits.

Rather Make—Do or Die efforts.Make full, frantic and relentlessefforts. Best use of time. Learn what-soever you can : from wheresoveryou can; howsoever you can.

Over all Development is theMost Fundamental Requisite ofCSE. Your over all development;apart from and in addition to yourbookish knowledge, constitute anumber of things such as : Yourthought process, Personality traits,Personal idiosyncrasies, Perceptions,Convictions, Vision.

For that you require—Maturity,originality, simplicity, clarity, pro-fundity, intensity, multidimensiona-lity, multifunctionality of thoughts.

And in order to develop suchthought process try to conceive,perceive, think and do the things ingrander, higher and holistic pers-pective.

Avoid—Superficiality, Artificia-lity, Complexity, Hollowness, Fop-pishness, Pretensions and affecta-tions.

Rather try to be—Clear, intense,rich and profound in ideas andthoughts. Make healthy, prudent,logical, rational and deliberativediscussion.

Strictly avoid—Riffraff and ragtag. Seeking suggestion from eachTom, Dick and Harry. Interminglingwith each and everybody.

All it requires Repeated,Rational, Regular; Self introspection,Self evaluation, Self investigation, Selfexamination.

Try to strike a balance in order todevelop a Blend, harmony synthesisfor composed, integrated, intense,multidimensional, multifunctional,versatile personality.

Language is the only tool ofexpression in CSE. To have anysubstitute to it is simply impossible.From your common parlance up toCSE, language is invaluable andindispensable. Language simplydoesn’t mean language, which is goodfor nothing. It means a language withgood, considerable command over it.For that one has to develop virtualfascination for it. Only then it canbe learned and commanded. Withsuperficial knowledge of languageyou can’t command it rather you getcommanded which can land you inno man’s land.

Rather you have to make specialefforts for that. CSE requirescoherence of thought and language.For that you require well-groundedlanguage with ample vocabulary inorder to use appropriate words andterminology for appropriate ideas,views and things.

Pithy and Profound languagerequires : Reading and Repetition.Writing and practice. Speaking Skilland their continuous practice forRhetorical Finesse.

Continued on Page 1057

PD/December/2010/1055 “A casual stroll through the lunatic asylum shows that faith does not prove anything.”

United States and Iran : Relations of Unease—Dr. Amresh Chandra

International RelationInternational Relations Article Article

The contemporary relationshipbetween United States and Iran is fullof vicissitudes. Their foreign policiestowards each other stem from decadesof complex historical and politicalevents. The Islamic Republic of Iran, aresource-rich and labour-rich countryin the Middle East, is a central focusof U.S. national security policy. TheUnited States asserts that Iran is astate sponsor of terrorism and thatIran’s uranium enrichment activitiesare for the development of nuclearweapons. Amid new calls for Wash-ington to attack Iran’s nuclearfacilities if its diplomatic efforts atcurbing Tehran’s uranium-enrich-ment programme fail, the UnitedStates on 29 September, 2010 imposedunilateral sanctions against eightsenior Iranian officials whom itaccused of committing “sustained andsevere violations of human rights”.This is a clear indication of hardeningstand US is in all likelihood to takeagainst Iran on account of itsclandestine nuclear programme andalleged abetting to terror activities inMiddle East and working against USinterests elsewhere.

On the sidelines of UN summiton the MDGs [Millennium Deve-lopment Goals] bitter remarks fromboth the sides further vitiated thebilateral relationship. IranianPresident Mohamoud Ahmadinejadtold the U.N. General Assembly on 23September, 2010 that U.S. statesmenwere isolated in saying that al Qaedamilitants carried out the suicideattacks that brought down NewYork's World Trade Center and hitthe Pentagon outside Washingtonand called for a U.N. investigation.He said most Americans and othersaround the world believed the UnitedStates orchestrated the September 11,2001 attacks to rescue its decliningeconomy, to reassert its weakeninggrip on the Middle East and to saveIsrael. These comments promptedthe U.S. delegation, all 27 EuropeanUnion member states and several

other delegations to leave theassembly hall in protest.

In response, US President Obamalashed out at Ahmadinejad for thelatest of what the White House calleda long list of outrageous commentsthat would deepen Tehran's isolationfrom the international community. "Itwas offensive and hateful," Obamasaid "And particularly for him tomake the statement here inManhattan, just a little north ofGround Zero, where families losttheir loved ones, for him to make astatement like that was inexcusable."he said further.

Background

For over 100 years imperialistdomination of Iran has been enforcedby the U.S. and other powers throughcovert intrigues, economic bullying,and outright military assaults, eveninvasions. During World War II, Iranserved as an important strategicpartner for the U.S. and allied powersto defeat Nazi Germany. Followingthe war, the popular nationalist PrimeMinister Mohammed Mossadeqascended to power and tookmeasures that threatened the Westernpowers’ interests in the nation andled them to fear a communist take-over in the nation. For instance,Mossadeq nationalized the British-owned Anglo-Iranian Oil Companyand limited the powers of the pro-West Shah. With the help of theBritish, the United States staged acoup in 1953 that overthrewMossadeq, returned the Shah topower, and ensured a pro-Western,anti-Soviet government in Iran. PrimeMinister Mohammed Mossadeq wasoverthrown by a Central IntelligenceAgency (CIA)-organized coup, inwhat has been called "a crucialturning point both in Iran's modernhistory and in U.S. Iran relations."Many Iranians argue that "the 1953coup and the extensive U.S. supportfor the Shah in subsequent years werelargely responsible for the Shah's

arbitrary rule," which led to the‘deeply anti-American character’ ofthe 1979 revolution.

The 1979 Revolution—The 1979Iranian Revolution, which ousted thepro-American Shah and replacedhim with the anti-American SupremeLeader Ayatollah Khomeini, surprisedthe United States government, itsState Department and intelligenceservices, which consistently under-estimated the magnitude and long-term implications of this unrest. Sixmonths before the revolution cul-minated, the CIA had produced areport, stating that Persia is not in arevolutionary or even a pre-Revolu-tionary situation.

The Islamic revolutionarieswished to extradite and execute theousted Shah, and Carter refused togive him any further support or helpreturn him to power. The Shah,suffering from cancer, requested entryinto the United States for treatment.The American embassy in Tehranopposed the request, as they wereintent on stabilizing relations bet-ween the new interim revolutionarygovernment of Iran and the UnitedStates. Despite agreeing with the staffof the American embassy, Carteragreed after pressure from Kissinger,Rockefeller, and other pro-Shahpolitical figures. The move was usedby the Iranian revolutionaries tojustify their claims that the formermonarch was an American puppet,and this led to the storming of theAmerican embassy by radicalstudents allied with the Khomeinifaction.

When Mohammad Khatami, amoderate leader, came to power in1997, it was expected that the nuclearprogramme in Iran would receive lessattention because of his interest inengaging Iran more in the inter-national stage and in particular withthe US. However, Iran worked on itsnuclear programme more seriouslyduring this regime and its drivebecame unrelenting in the post-2002

PD/December/2010/1056 “At times one remains faithful to a cause only because its opponents do not cease to be insipid.”

period due to very prominent hostileforeign policies of the US directedagainst Iran.

Iran’s new hardliner PresidentMahmoud Ahmadinejad came topower in 2005 and only a strongpersonality like him could keep thecountry focused on its nuclear goal.The US-Iran relation saw a newsetback after he took over the regime.His hard-line rhetoric against the USand Israel, along with his determi-nation to move along with its nuclearactivity made Iran’s relationshipwith the US even more hostile. TheAmericans repeatedly warned Iran ofmilitary confrontation in the eventthat its resolve to build bombs con-tinued. Today tension continues bet-ween them as Iran remains defiantwith respect to the nuclear issue andAmerica moves closer to a militarystrike on the former.

Their Ties in the Recent Past—Iran’s protracted conflict with theUnited States started since the end ofthe Shah period and the Islamicrevolution in the country in 1979.During this period, Iran’s leadersperceived the United States as theprincipal enemy of the Islamic stateswhich supported their main enemy-Israel. Thus, in addition to havingtwo protracted conflicts since the late1940s and early 1950s with Israel andIraq respectively, Iran developed anew protracted conflict with the USin 1979. Since then Iran had threeenemies Iraq, Israel, and the US forthe next 27 years. Although Iraq andIsrael’s nuclear weapons programmesalarmed Iran and the IslamicRepublic became anxious to developa deterrent capability against Iraqwith whom it fought one of thelongest wars in the region, and Israel,whose existence in the Middle EastIran denies, the pace of its nuclearweapons programme was relativelyslow till 2000. With the US admini-stration taking aggressive foreignpolicies towards Iran since 2000, thelatter’s security concern intensified.The Bush administration’s declara-tion of Iran as part of the axis of evilstates severely threatened and humi-liated Iran; the threat exacerbatedwith the administration’s war on Iraqon the pretext that it was in posses-sion of weapons of mass destruction.A society that was and still is split on

many of the important domesticissues including democratization,modernization, and westernization,the Iranians remained united on theissue of nuclear weapons acquisitionafter the war on Iraq. US decision toattack Iraq without the approval ofthe United Nations proved that in theabsence of a nuclear deterrent capa-bility, Iran would soon be in the sameposition as Iraq and would be the USnext target in the Middle East forbeing one of the axis of evil states.Consequently, Iran became relentlessin its drive to acquire nuclearweapons and boldly announced itsdecision to enrich uranium so that theUS is not confused about its pos-session of the nuclear capability.Improved and non-aggressive USpolicies towards Iran, which can beinstrumental to ending the prolongedIran-US conflict, can convince Iran torenounce its nuclear weapons ambi-tion but it seems elusive. Even thenew regime of Obama with someconstructive intent towards Iran isunable to convince it [Iran] on therenunciation of nuclear programme.

Obama Administration andIran—The Obama Administrationhas adopted the long-standing assess-ment of Iran as a “profound threat toU.S. national security interests.” Thisthreat perception is generated notonly by Iran’s nuclear programmebut also by its military assistance toarmed groups in Iraq and Afghanis-tan, to the Palestinian group Hamas,and to Lebanese Hezbollah. In itsfirst year, the Obama Administrationaltered the previous U.S. approach byexpanding direct diplomatic eng-agement with Iran’s government andby offering Iran’s leaders an alter-native vision of closer integrationwith and acceptance by the West. Totry to convince Iranian leaders ofpeaceful U.S. intent, the ObamaAdministration downplayed discus-sion of potential U.S. military actionagainst Iranian nuclear facilities andrepeatedly insisted that it did notseek to change Iran’s regime. It heldto this position even at the height ofthe protests by the domestic opposi-tion ‘Green Movement’ that emergedfollowing Iran’s June 12, 2009,presidential election. Iran’s refusal toaccept the details of an October 1,2009, tentative agreement to lessenconcerns about its nuclear inten-

tions—coupled with its crackdownon the Green movement—caused theAdministration, in 2010, to shifttoward building multilateral supportfor strict economic sanctions againstIran.

The Administration efforts borefruit on June 9, 2009 when a U.N.Security Council was adopted (Reso-lution 1929) that required countries totake a number of significant stepsagainst Iran, including banning majorarms sales to Iran, and authorizeda number of additional significantsteps. The European Union, in July2010, subsequently announced multi-lateral sanctions against Iran that usemuch of the authorities of Resolution1929 and which also supports ele-ments of U.S. legislations passed inJune 2010 (the Comprehensive IranSanctions, Accountability, andDivestment Act). The new sanctionsrepresent a rejection of a May 17,2010, agreement brokered by Braziland Turkey to implement majorfeatures of the October 1, 2009,agreement. Many observers assessthat the U.S., U.N., and EU sanctionsenacted in June and July 2010 arepressing Iran economically. How-ever, because the sanctions have notcaused Iran to fundamentally alter itscommitment to its nuclear pro-gramme and might not ever achievethat objective, the Administrationreportedly has revived deliberationsof possible military action to try to setIran’s nuclear programme back.Other options include methods tocontain Iran if it does become anuclear armed power. Some believethat only domestic opposition in Iran,which in late 2009 appeared to pose apotentially serious challenge to theregime’s grip on power, may providea clear opportunity to reduce thepotential threat of a nuclear Iran. Obama Administration officialsappear to believe that the opposi-tion’s prospects are enhanced by alow U.S. public profile on the unrest.Congressional resolutions and legis-lation since mid-2009 show growingcongressional support for steps toenhance the opposition’s prospects.Others maintain that the prospects forthe domestic opposition, which hasbeen largely absent from the streets in2010, are poor, and that other optionsare fraught with risks, and that theAdministration should return to a

PD/December/2010/1057 “Be careful when you fight the monsters, lest you become one.”

focus on reaching a nuclear agree-ment with Iran. What Washingtonfails to understand is that Tehranmay be willing to renounce its nuclearprogramme if the former makesconcessions and changes the courseof its foreign policies pertaining to theMiddle East in general and Iran inparticular. Experts of the region areof the opinion that America “wouldneed to fit the issue into a widerMiddle East picture and find ways ofmaking Iran feel less threatened. Inreturn for cessation of uraniumenrichment, or for more effectiveguarantees that it would not be usedfor a weapons programme, Washing-ton could offer not only to lift allsanctions but also to drop calls forregime change and undertake not tomeddle in Iran's domestic affairs; pullback its military presence in theregion; and pressure Israel intosurrendering or scaling down itsnuclear arsenal. Israel talks about itsdefense against annihilation, but itmight be such wider consequences ofan Iranian nuclear programme that itreally fears.”

Conclusion : Need to EndProtracted Conflict

As long as the US does notfashion a different style of foreignpolicy pertaining to Iran and termi-nate the protracted conflict with theformer, it is unlikely for Iran torelinquish its nuclear weaponsprogramme. While Iran may be com-pelled to suspend its programme dueto international pressure and the fearof being subjected to more serioussanctions that might affect thecivilians, such suspension will onlybe temporary and a permanentsolution to this problem will only be afunction of the termination of Iran-USprotracted conflict [A general defini-tion of protracted conflict (PC) givenby Edward Azar is : Protracted con-flicts are ‘hostile interactions’ whichextend over long periods of time withsporadic outbreaks of open warfarefluctuating in frequency and inten-sity. They are conflict situations inwhich stakes are very high]

The US policies need to berestructured based on this notion. It isno point putting pressure on Iran tosuspend the programme. Neither is ita good idea to threaten Iran of war,which the Bush administration was

doing. Instead, a congenial atmos-phere must be created to havebilateral discussions between the twostates to attain the nonproliferationgoals and in exchange Iran must getsecurity assurance from the US,stipulating that the Americans haveno intention of attacking the Republicor imposing Washington’s terms onTehran’s ideologically-driven govern-ment. These things can only happen ifthe US gives the Iranians a sense ofsecurity through changing its hostilepolicies. Times have changed and theUS policy-makers must understandthat sticks may not be the answer tosome of the security problems intoday’s world.

Mistrust between the UnitedStates and Iran’s Islamic regime hasrun deep for almost three decades.Some argue that, no matter who is inpower in Tehran, the United Statesand Iran have a common long-terminterest in stability in the Persian Gulfand South Asian regions. Accordingto this view, major diplomatic over-tures toward the regime might notonly help resolve the nuclear issuebut yield fruit in producing a new,constructive U.S.-Iran relationship.Others argue that U.S. concerns stemfirst and foremost from the characterof Iran’s regime. Those who take thisview see in the Green movement thepotential to replace the regime and tointegrate Iran into a pro-U.S. strategicarchitecture in the region. Manyargue that a wholesale replacement ofthe current regime would producemajor strategic benefits beyondreducing the threat from Iran’snuclear program, including an end toIran’s effort to obstruct a broad Arab-Israeli peace. Others argue that manyIranians are united on major nationalsecurity issues and that a new regimewould not necessarily align with theUnited States. Some believe that manyIranians fear that alignment with theUnited States would produce adegree of U.S. control and infuse Iranwith Western culture that manyIranians find un-Islamic and objec-tionable.

For different reasons, the U.S.even more so must be judged by itsperformance, not its words. WhileWashington talks peace, it is fightingin Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, andYemen, vastly increasing its drone

attacks, and is now deploying SpecialOperations forces in 75 countries, 15more than last year. And whileObama usually speaks softly heconstantly wields—directly inAhmadinejad's face—the big stick ofa potential crushing attack by the U.S.and Israel, later an enemy of thewhole Arab World. No state intoday’s interdependent world wantsto be treated unfairly and feel left out.It is the natural right of all states toprotect its sovereignty, keeping inmind not to jeopardize internationalpeace and stability which US shouldbe mindful about. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 1054

For that—Learn the fundamen-tals of grammar, try to develop agood sentence structure, improveyour vocabulary as much as you can,consult the dictionary as many timesas you can, keep the maximum thruston reading. Apart from books ofsyllabi read journals, magazines, andnewspapers. Practise writing, pendown the things from different sour-ces, refresh them repeatedly. Try todevelop communication skill inisolation if you hesitate to speakpublicly.

Once you get command over thelanguage, then and only then youwould understand the beauty andintensity of the language. It wouldgive you a great boost. It wouldliterally decorate your thoughtprocess. It beautifies your behaviour.It embellishes your expression andvirtually transforms you.

All of us have been assigneddifferent roles by the nature to beperformed at different stages of life indifferent walks of life. The nature isfundamentally and intrinsically good,fair and just. It believes in fairness,justice, goodness, fair play andequity. For that retribution of justicegets applied.

We get what we sow. Labournever goes waste and honesty paysin the long run. These are aphorismswith deep hidden meaning of univer-sal application. If you make honestefforts and put in requisite labourthen you are bound to get thecorresponding results. Just have faithin nature/God/Destiny and try togive the impeccable performance.You would definitely get impeccableresults. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1058 “In heaven all the interesting people are missing.”

Environmental Environmental ArticleArticle

—Dr. Ram Naresh Thakur

Environment and Sustainable Development

Environment means everythingthat surrounds us. It includes placeswhere we live in and things wedepend upon. Our natural environ-ment has both living and non-livingthings, sun, moon, sky, air, water,soil, rivers, mountains, land, forestsbesides plants and animals. All thesethings affect us and we depend onthem directly or indirectly, as manyother life-forms. Since environmentis the basic source of life we mustconserve and protect environment forthe safety of our lives as well as itsproper exploitation for the develop-ment of economy.

Global Concern for Environ-mental Conservation

There are many global concernsfor environmental conservation thatmay make our economy resourcefuland prosperous in the long run.

(a) Land (Soil), Water, Air, Sound(Noise) Pollutions and its Mana-gement

(b) Environmental Awareness Pro-grammes

(c) Conservation Movements

(d) Informal Environmental Educa-tion

(e) Diversity of Flowers, Crops,Animals

(f) Sustainable Development—Howand Why ?

If we do not beware of thesedangers as ecological imbalance,decreasing number of species etc.then natural imbalance will prevail.We will have to invite destruction inplace of progress or development.

Environmental Pollution andHuman Life—All creatures dependon balanced environment for theirgrowth, development and well arran-ged lives. In environment differentconstituents are found in certainquantity and ratios as well as thereremains equilibrium within differentconstituents (elements). In specialcircumstances effects of different

constituents are found in certainquantity and ratios as well as thereremains equilibrium within differentconstituents (elements). In specialcircumstances effects of undeserving,evil and injurious constituentsincrease. Consequently the environ-ment becomes polluted and thecreatures have to face its bad effects.The simple meaning of pollution isbeing polluted the environment orbeing fundamental change in therational (coherent) structure ofnature. With a view to definition,“Pollution means that undeservingchange of air, water, soil (land) andsound (noise) etc. in their physical,chemical as well as bio-characteristicsand in which there becomes harmto human beings along with otheruseful bio-creatures, animals, insects,trees in addition to plants. Healthyenvironment is the disciplined andbalanced form of nature. Furthermorethe disturbance of this discipline andbalance gives rise to pollution.”

Kinds of Pollution—Generallythe classification of pollution is madeon the basis of environment. It isdivided as—

(1) Air Pollution

(2) Water Pollution

(3) Soil (Land) Pollution

(4) Sound (Noise) Pollution etc.

Sustainable Development—Sus-tainable development is a pattern ofresource use that aims to meet humanneeds while preserving the environ-ment so that these needs can be metnot only in the present but also forfuture generations. The term wasused in 1987 by the UN’s BrundtlandCommission which coined what hasbecome the most oft-quoted defini-tion of sustainable development asdevelopment that “meets the needs ofthe present without compromisingthe ability of further concern for thecarrying capacity of natural systemswith the social challenges facinghumanity.” As early as the 1970ssustainability was employed to des-

cribe an economy in equilibrium withbasic ecological support system.Ecologists have pointed to ‘The limitsto Growth’ and presented the alter-native of a steady state economy inorder to address environmentalconcerns.

Environmental Sustainability—It is the process of making surecurrent processes of interaction withthe environment are pursued withthe idea of keeping the environmentas pristine as naturally possible basedon ideal-seeking behaviour.

An ‘unsustainable situation’occurs when natural capital (the sumtotal of nature’s resources is used upfaster than it can be replenished.Sustainability requires that humanactivity only uses nature’s resourcesat a rate at which they can bereplenished naturally. Inherently theconcept of sustainable developmentis intertwined with the concept ofcarrrying capacity. Theoretically, thelong-term result of environmentaldegradation is the inability to sustainhuman life. Such degradation on aglobal scale could imply extinctionfor humanity. The idea of sustainabledevelopment grew from numerousenvironmental movements in earlierdecades Summits such as the EarthSummit in Rio, Brazil, 1992, weremajor international meetings to bringsustainable development to the main-stream. However, the record onmoving towards sustainability so farappears to have been quite poor. Theconcept of sustainability means manydifferent things to different peopleand a large part of humanity aroundthe world still live without access tobasic necessities.

Dimensions of SustainableDevelopment and Environ-ment

The field of sustainable develop-ment can be conceptually dividedinto three constituent parts—

(i) Environmental sustainability,(ii) Economic sustainability and (iii)

PD/December/2010/1059 “In truth, there was only one Christian, and he died on the cross.”

Socio-political sustainability. TheConcept has included notions ofweak sustainability, strong sustain-ability and deep ecology. Sustainabledevelopment does not focus solely onenvironmental issues.

Consumption ofRenewable Resources

State of Environment Sustainability

(a) More than nature’sability to replenish

Environmental degradation Not sustainable

(b) Equal to nature’sability to replenish

Environmental equilibrium Steady state economy

(c) Less than nature’sability to replenish

Environmental renewal Environmentallysustainable

Economists have focussed onviewing the economy and theenvironment as a single interlinkedsystem with a unified valuationmethodology. Intergenerationalequity can be incorporated into thisapproach, as has become commonin economic valuations of climatechange; economics ruling out discri-mination against future generationsand allowing for the possibility ofrenewable alternatives to petro-chemicals and other non-renewableresources, efficient policies are com-patible with increasing human wel-fare, eventually reaching a golden rulesteady state. Thus, the three pillars ofsustainable development are inter-linkages, intergenerational equity,and dynamic efficiency.

The term ‘Sustainable Develop-ment’ is being widely used, as theworld today has become very muchconcerned about the factors adver-sely affecting ecology and environ-ment. The related issues like globalwarming, ozone layer depletion,droughts, floods, scarcity of fuel,fodder, pollution of air and water,soil erosion and deterioration of soilhealth, lowering of ground water andthe like are engaging serious atten-tion of people all the world over.India is no exception to the globalphenomenon of ecological andenvironmental degradation. Amongthe various factors responsible forincreasing ecological disturbanceand imbalance and environmentalpollution, unsustainable exploitationof natural resources is a major factor.

Sustainable development maybe defined as development towardsmeeting the needs of the presentgeneration without compromising the

needs of the future generations. It is aprocess in which development can besustained for generations. It affordsto the future generation the same, ifnot more, capacity to prosper as thepresent generation has. In other

words the future generations shouldhave at least the amount of resourcesfor development as the presentgeneration has. Thus, sustainabledevelopment focusses on ‘inter-generation equity’ in the exploitationof development resources and oppor-tunities.

The ultimate goal of all develop-ment is to bring about improvementin the quality of life in society. Thetask is to convert available resourcesinto goods and services needed bysociety for improving its quality oflife. Every generation of mankind‘creates’ as well as ‘destroys’ certainamount of resources for its develop-ment purposes but the nature andrate of development in such that therate of destruction of resources isgreater than that of creation. If thistrend continues beyond a century orso, it is apprehended that therewould be not only no further deve-lopment, but also there might beeconomic stagnation or even disaster.This is often referred to as ‘the limitsto growth’. Thus, the present gene-ration should either drastically curtailthe exploitation of non-renewableresources or recycle at least as muchamount of resources as it uses up sothat the future generation also hasequal chance to develop.

The concept of sustainabledevelopment has another dimensionenvironment conservation. Sustain-able development is one which con-serves nature and maintains ecolo-gical order—bio-diversity, therebymaking life on the earth possible infuture as at present. The problem ofsustainability of development is a partof wider ecological problems whichthreaten life in general on the earth

today. It is not merely a problem offinding necessary resources for gene-ration to come, but a problem ofmaking human beings live in betterharmony with Nature.

After 20 years of the Stockholmconference, the Earth summit washeld in June 1992 at Rio de Janeiro(Brazil) under the auspices of theUnited Nations Conference on Envi-ronment and Development (UNCED).Thus, the Rio Earth Summit marksthe twentieth anniversary of thesetting up of the UNEP and it hasthrown enormous light on theimpending environmental disasterand has called for urgent action toavert it.

For economists the concept ofsustainable development is not anew one, but its reinterpretation inthe context of environment protec-tion is a fairly recent one. “The WorldCommission on Environment andDevelopment” (WCED—popularlyknown as the Brundtland Commis-sion) 1987, laid down the foundationfor a debate on the meaning of‘sustainable development’ and therole of environment on development.The commission defined the term‘sustainable development’ in sixdifferent ways which were found tobe conflicting to each other. However,the consensus emerged on “meetingthe needs of the present generationwithout compromising the needs offuture generations” as a basicdefinition of ‘sustainable develop-ment’. This is a simple but holisticconcept of sustainability. It goesbeyond the concept of environmentalprotection for the sake of futuregenerations. Nobel Laureate RobertSolow who had embraced the nationof sustainability and defined it asmaking sure the next generation is aswell-off as the current generation andensuring that this continues for alltime. Key to this view is that man-made capital (machines, buildings)and knowledge are substitutes fornatural capital, particularly naturalresources.

The above approach to define‘sustainable development’ is highlyinadequate as it takes input sustain-ability as the basic and only require-

PD/December/2010/1060 “Insanity in individuals is something rare–but in groups, parties, nations and epochs, it is the rule.”

ment for the sustainable developmentof an economy. The other dimensionof sustainability are not being spel-tout. Also, there is little convergencein the literature on sustainability. Forexample, according to Little andMirrlus (1984, 1980)—“this (i.e., sus-tainability) is more a buzz word—probably derived from the environ-ment lobby—than a genuine concept.It has no merit whether a project issustainable (for over ?—just for along time ?) has nothing to saywhether it is desirable. If sustain-ability were regarded as a reason forrejecting a project, there would be nomining and no industry” (Little andMirrlus, 1986, 1990).

When we consider the total deve-lopment process, the problem ofenvironmental pollution and conflictbetween industrial development andenvironmental degradation becomevery serious.

Combating poverty, improve-ment in demographic structure,change in consumption patterns,health, human settlement, pollutioncontrol, energy management, treat-ment of industrial wards, control ofhazardous materials, and after allthe input sustainability are the vitalrequirements for overall sustainabledevelopment of nations.

Several countries have announ-ced plans for emission cuts (Brazil,EU, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, SouthKorea, the US) or carbon intensityreduction (China, India). There arehowever, opening gambits to guesshow far others would go. For instance,China’s offer of 40–45% reduction incarbon intensity by 2020 is a con-tinuation of its already existingpolicy, which began in 2006. If othercountries had expected more, Chinawas not going to oblige. By 2020 theUS aims to reduce emissions by 17%relative to 2005, which is way belowdesired levels (using the Intergover-nmental Panel on Climate Change’s1990 baseline, this means only 4%reduction). For rich countries as awhole, the IPCC recommends reduc-tions of 25–40% by 2020; offers onthe table amount to only a 12–19%cut. The absence of internationallyenforceable mitigation commitments

means that the burden on climatefinance will increase. Unilateral pro-mises will depend on whether suffi-cient financing is available to achievethe scale of actions needed. So, whowill pay ? The commonwealth Headof Government backed a British-French proposal for a $ 10 billionfund to help developing countriesreduce emission and adapt to achanging climate.

Our View Point—In this waybillions of rupees were spent over“Ganga Safai Pariyojna (The GangesSanitation Project)” by the govern-ment of India, but no discerniblesuccess came in hand. During theperiod of planned economic develop-ment not only in India but in thewhole world, specially in developingnations, economic activities remainedthe causes for pollution of environ-ment. But, no doubt, the economyitself remained its victim too. Both thepeople and the government have tosearch for measures and remedies toremove its causes at broader level.

The economy on the whole has thecomprehensive responsibility in thisrespect.

The Vision for the Nation—After about 60 years of plannedeconomic development, the aspira-tions are mounting that India shouldbecome a developed country. Howcan we prepare ourselves to face thischallenge ? The next 20 years is aperiod of technological transforma-tion in India. New emerging econo-mic and technological situationswhere there will be many newinnovations, which can help us todevelop. India is now standing at thegate of the knowledge society andwith our skill development in thefield of information technology whatwe need is an entrepreneurial aswell as environmental push and anincrease in our competitiveness. Ourformer President, A.P.J. Abdul Kalamappealed to the youths to plant atleast 5 trees along with other devices.We can move the most powerfulforces on the earth, under the earthand above the earth. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1061 “It is hard enough to remember my opinions, without also remembering my reasons for them !”

Indian Polity andConstitution

★ Who said that Indian Constitu-tion is a ‘bargaining federalism’ ?

—Morris Jones

★ The Parliamentary System asopted for by the Constitution ofIndia is based on the principle of :—Cooperation and coordination

between the legislative andexecutive organs

★ The chapter on FundamentalDuties covered by Article 51-Aunder Part IV-A was added by :

—The 42nd ConstitutionalAmendment Act of 1976

★ Indian Constitution Envisages :

—A Dual Polity (Centre and States)

★ Under which Article is the rightto freedom of conscience and freeprofession, practice and propaga-tion of religion mentioned ?

—Article 25★ The duties of a Chief Minister

with regard to the furnishing ofinformation to governor are pro-vided in : —Article 167

★ Part XX of the Constitution ofIndia covered by Article 368mentions :

—Amendments of the Constitution

★ Powers, authority and responsi-bilities of municipalities are laiddown in :

—Schedule Twelfth of theConstitution of India

★ Concurrent List, freedom oftrade, commerce and joint sittingof the two Houses of Parliamentare the provisions mentioned inIndian Constitution. They havebeen borrowed from :

—Australian Constitution★ “The State does not owe loyalty

to any particular religion as such;it is not irreligious or anti-religious; it gives equal freedomto all religions.” The definitionas given by P. B. Gajendra-gadkar—a former Chief Justice ofIndia is of : —Secularism

Indian NationalMovement

★ The British Prime Minister Atleeannounced the withdrawal of theBritishers in the House ofCommons from India on :

—February 20, 1947

★ Who said, ‘India is for Indians’ ?—Dayanand Saraswati

★ Who said, “One Country OneGod, One Caste, One MindBrothers all of us WithoutDifference, Without Doubt” ?

—V. D. Savarkar★ United India House organised

Unity among Indians in theUnited States of America in :

—the year 1910★ Who in the year 1907 unfurled

the first national flag at the Inter-national Socialist Conference inStuttgart (Germany) ?

—Madame Bhikaji Cama★ In 1906, to protest discrimination

against Indians in S. AfricaMahatma Gandhi started :

—Satyagraha at Johannesburg★ Subhash Chandra Bose was

elected the President of theIndian National Congress :

—in 1939 at its Tripuri Session★ Bal Gangadhar Tilak began his

drive for new awakening amongthe Indians by publishing twonewspapers in 1881 i.e., :

—The Maratha (English) andKesari (Marathi)

★ Whom did the Britishers call ‘theFather of Indian disaffection andthe biggest traitor’ ?

—Bal Gangadhar Tilak★ Who established in 1893 the

Society for the Removal ofObstacles to the Hindu Religion ?

—The Chapekar Brothers

History and Cultureof India

★ The founder of Sikh religionGuru Nanak Dev was born in :

—the year 1469

★ In 1699, Guru Gobind Singh—one of the prominent gurus andtenth guru of Sikhs established :

—The Khalsa★ The founder of Sunga dynasty

was :—Pushyamitra Sunga

★ Which British Prime Ministersent in 1942 Cripps Mission toIndia ?

—Winston Churchill★ Anekatavada is a core a theory

and Philosophy of whichreligion ? —Jainism

★ During the Indian FreedomStruggle why did Rowlatt Actpassed in 1919 arouse popularindignation ?

—It authorized the government toimprison people without trial

★ Who founded the AhmedabadTextile Labour Association ?

—Mahatma Gandhi★ In the context of the Indian free-

dom struggle October 16, 1905 iswell known for which event ?

—Partition of Bengal★ Where did the Tebhaga peasant

Movement occur in 1946 ?—Bengal

★ Who was the first editor of theYugantars ? —Barendra Ghosh

Economic Affairs ofIndia

★ Whose name is associated withformulation of Planning Strategyin Second Five Year Plan ?—Prasant Chandra Mahalanobis

★ Bank Rate is the rate at which :

—Reserve Bank of India lendsmoney to Commercial Banks

★ Who maintains foreign exchangereserve in our country ?

—Reserve Bank of India (RBI)★ Which constitutional body is

appointed by the President underArticle 280 every five years toreview Centre State financialrelations ?

—Finance Commission

PD/December/2010/1062 “Man is the cruelest animal.”

★ In November 2007, the FinanceCommission constituted by thePresident of India was :

—Thirteenth

★ The India Institute of AdvancedStudies is located in :

—Shimla★ Meera Seth Committee was

associated with :—the development of handloom

industry★ As the census 2001, the popula-

tion of India, on March 1, 2001,stood at : —102·87 crore

★ Where is the Bank Press Notelocated ?

—Dewas (M.P.)

Geography(India and the World)

★ The Himalayas were upliftedfrom the :

—Tethys Geosyncline

★ In India the percentage of popu-lation below poverty line is :

—Less than 30%

★ Sundarban was declared a WorldHeritage Site because of its :

—Mangroves Forests and Bio-diversity

★ The Greenhouse effect gases traponly the feat of :

—Solar Radiation★ Cotton in India grows best on :

—Black Soil★ Lignite is a type of :

—Coal★ One horned rhinoceros is found

in the states of :—West Bengal and Assam

★ Which plateau lies betweenthe Aravalli and the Vindhyaranges ?

—Malwa Plateau★ Green Index has been developed

by :—United Nations Environment

Programme

★ Ken, Betwa and Chambal are therivers which merge with :

—Yamuna

★ Project Tiger in India was startedin : —the year 1973

Science & Technology★ In the context of CO2, emission

and Global Warming, what is thename of a market driven deviceunder the UNFCC that allowsdeveloping countries to getfunds/incentives from the deve-loped countries to adopt bettertechnologies that reduce green-house gas emissions ?

—Clean DevelopmentMechanism

★ In a dry cell (battery), which areused as Electrolytes ?

—Ammonium Chloride and ZincChloride

★ Which types of waves are used ina night vision apparatus ?

—Infrared waves★ Nitroglycerine is used as :

—an explosive

★ In the structure of planet Earth,below the mantle, the core ismainly made up of :

—Iron★ In the context of Indian wild life,

the flying fox is :—Bat

★ Pearl is mainly constituted of :

—Calcium Carbonate★ By which process can the sea

water be converted into purewater ?

—Reverse Osmosis★ The symbol of World Wildlife

Fund is :—Red Panda

★ A flourescent tube is preferred toan electric bulb because :

—in a tube electrical energy isalmost fully converted to light

★ The inexhaustible source ofenergy of the stars is due to :

—Conversion of Hydrogen toHelium

★ Vinegar is an aqueous solutionof : —Acetic Acid

Agriculture★ Apart from quinine, which other

herbal drug is used to curemalaria ? —Arteether

★ Central Institute of AgriculturalEngineering is located in :

—Bhopal

★ Borlaug Award is associatedwith : —Agriculture

★ The plant group which yieldsTaxol belongs to :

—Gymnosperm★ Poly house is used for :

—Growing Plants★ Second Green-revolution is rela-

ted to :—Bio-technology

★ Gandak Project is a joint projectof :

—Bihar and Uttar Pradesh★ For which desirable character is

the transgenic crop golden riceproduced ?

—Vitamin A★ Rainbow Revolution is related

with :—Green Revolution, White

Revolution and Blue-Revolution

★ Which is taken up by plants inleast quantity ? —Zinc

★ Where was 1st AgricultureUniversity of India established ?

—Pantnagar

Sports and Games★ Sanya Richards—a world famous

athlete is associated with :—Sprint

★ Who won the Rajeev GandhiKhel Ratna Award in 2008 ?

—M.S. Dhoni (Cricketer)

★ Free-style, Back stroke andButterfly are the styles of :

—Swimming

★ Who became the first Indianwoman Chess player to cross2600 ELO rating ?

—Koneru Humpy

★ Archery is the national sport of :

—Bhutan★ The national sport of Indonesia

is :—Badminton

★ Ambedkar Stadium in New Delhi

is associated with :—Football

PD/December/2010/1063 “No price is too high to pay for the privilege of owning yourself.”

★ Battery, Bunting and Catcher arethe terms associated with :

—Baseball★ Gurmit Memorial Trophy is

associated with :—Hockey (India)

★ Jawaharlal Nehru InternationalGold Cup is associated with :

—Football

Miscellany★ The founder of World Economic

Forum is :—Klaus Schwab

★ Who established Hindu Collegeat Calcutta ?

—Raja Rammohan Roy

★ With which movement is theslogan ‘Do or Die’ associated ?

—Quit India Movement (1942)

★ Nicholas Piramal, Pfizer andZydus Cadila are all famous :

—Pharma Companies★ The author of the book ‘The

Audacity of Hope’ is authoredby :

—Barack Obama★ During the freedom struggle,

Aruna Asaf Ali was a majorwoman organizer of under-ground activity in :

—Quit India Movement (1942)★ With whose permission did the

English set up their factory atSurat ?

—Jahangir★ During which Five Year Plan was

the Emergency clamped, newelections took place and the JantaParty was elected ?—Fifth Five Year Plan (1974–79)

★ Elephant Pass frequently in thenews is mentioned in the contextof affairs of :

—Sri Lanka★ Cape Canaveral, the site from

which space shuttlers are laun-ched is located on the coast of :

—Florida

★ In India which state has thelargest inland saline wetland ?

—Rajasthan

★ SGX is the stock exchange in :

—Singapore

★ In which state is the BuddhistTabo Monastry located ?

—Himachal Pradesh★ The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was

awarded to :—Rajendra Pachauri and Al Gore

★ The Constitution of India is :

—Partly rigid and partly flexible★ The East India Company secured

the Diwani from :—Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II

(1728–1806)★ Who wrote Raghuvansam,

Kumarsambhavam, Malvikgni-mitram and Abhigyan Sakun-talam ?

—Kalidasa

★ Who was defeated at Kannauj atthe hands of Sher Shah in 1540 ?

—Humayun★ Indian President is elected by an

electoral college consisting of :

—both Houses of the Parliamentand State Legislatures

★ The Vice-President of India is theex-officio Chairman of :

—Rajya Sabha★ Who founded Indian Association

on 26th July, 1876 in Calcutta ?—Surendranath Banerjee and

Anandmohan Bose

★ Linus Pauling received his firstNobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954and the second in 1962 for :

—Peace★ Sanskrit University has been set

up at : —Ujjain★ India’s first atomic power plant

station is :—Tarapur Atomic Power Station

★ United Nations declared the year2008 as :

—The International Year ofSanitation

★ Where is the famous Finger LakeRegion located ?

—United States of America★ Author of Nyaya Darshan was :

—Gautam★ The first High Court/Supreme

Court Judge who voluntarilymade his assets public is :

—Justice K. Kannan

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PD/December/2010/1064 “One must have a good memory to be able to keep the promises one makes.”

Official Name : Republica Italiana(Italian Republic)

Capital : RomeOfficial Language : ItalianTerritorial Area : 301,277 square kilometrePopulation Estimate

(2007): 5,91,31,287

Male Population (2007) : 2,87,18,441

Female Population : 3,04,12,846

Density per sq km : 196 square kilometre

UN Population Projec-tion for 2010

: 59·03 million

HDI/World Rank : 0·941/20

Annual PopulationGrowth Rate

: 0·1%

National Anthem : Fratelli d’ Italia

(Brothers of Italy)Adult Literacy Rate(As per 2004 data)

: 98·4%

Male Literacy Rate : 98·8%

Female Literacy : 98·0%

Total Road : 1,75,430 km in 2005

Forest Cover : 9·98 m ha(33·9% of total land area)

Bank of Issue : Bank of Italy(founded in 1893)

Map of Italy

Giorgio Napolitano :

Italy’s Current President

Silvio Berlusconi :

Italy’s Current Prime Minister

Currency : Euro (since Jan. 1999)

Expectation of Life(2003)

: Females 83·1 years, male76·9 years

GDP per Cpita (2005) : 28,529 (PPP $)

President of Italy : Giorgio Napolitano

Prime Minister : Silvio Berlusconi

Major Territories/Regions

: Piedmont, Valle d Aosta,Lombarde, Trentino—AltoAdige, Bolzano—Bozen,Trento, Veneto, Liguria,Emilia Romagna,Tuscany, Umbria, Marche,Lazio, Abruzzi Molise,Campania, Puglia,Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily,Sardinia.

Major Cities : Rome, Milan, Naples,Genoa, Venice, Verona,Padua, Turin, Palermo,Messina.

Brief History

As per a prevalent legend, Rome was founded onApril 21, 753 BC by Romulus who declared himself kingafter killing his twin brother Remus. In 616 BC theEtruscan dynasty of Tarquins gained control the Romansoverthrew the Tarquins in 510 and established firstRoman Republic. With the establishment of this Republic,the Roman Code—a collection of principles of politicalphilosophy enshrining the sovereign rights of Romancitizens came. With incorporation of Spain, Rome becamea dominant power in the Mediterranean. Julius Caesar—emerged as a leader, conquered Gual and declaredsouthern Britain a part of Rome in 54 BC. His disregardfor the Senate led to his legions being disbanded. Despitethis development, he remained popular among themasses and returned to Rome as a hero. Ultimately, hewas assassinated by members of the Senate on the Ides of

PD/December/2010/1065 “Talking much about oneself can also be a means to conceal oneself.”

March 44 BC. After Caesar's assassination, Octavianhaving defeated Mark Anthony in 31 BC was crowned thefirst emperor of Rome in 27 BC, assuming the titleAugustus. Augustus reigned for 45 years. In AD 14Augustus was succeeded by his stepson Tiberius whoseera saw the rise of Christianity. Nero—the deranged andcorrupt emperor assumed power in AD 54. It was he whopersecuted Christians very cruelly and set Rome on fire.With his death the Julio-Claudian era came to an end. InAD 98 the Senate elected Trajan as emperor. Trajanexpanded the empire with the conquests of Dacia(Romania), Mesopotamia, Persia, Syria and Armenia.Trajan was also responsible for great architecturalprojects. Trajan's successor Hadrian continued this pro-gramme of huge constructions. Rome began to losecontrol of its empire at the start of the 3rd century AD. In1306 constantine became emperor. The other prominentrulers of Rome were Odovacar. Theodoric, Charlemagne,Frederick II. In 1796 Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Italyand declared an Italian Republic under his personal ruleand laid the basis of modern Italy. Italian revolutionariessuch as Genoan, Guiseppe and Mazzini an led thecampaign against foreign rule. Mazzini’s secret society‘Young Italy’ fought against foreign dominance. Duringthe Nineteenth century Italians succeeded in gettingliberated their motherland from the foreign and thus aunified Italy emerged on the world map. During firstworld war in 1914, Italy remained neutral. In 1919 BenitoMussolini founded the Italian Fascist Party bringing aboutthe era aggressive nationalism. In 1921 Mussolini along-with 40,000 ‘Black Shirts’ marched towards Rome toliberate it from socialists. In 1924, Mussolini’s FascistParty won elections and Mussolini came to power byassuming the title of II Duce. Opposition was expelledfrom Parliament, Vetican was declared an independentstate and Catholicism was declared the sole religion ofstate. There is long history of Mussolini’s cruel rule. But in1945 Mussolini when he was trying to flee country wascaptured and shot dead. During the post war period,Alcide de Gasperi, Aldo Moro, Bettino Craxo are amongthe prominent rulers who ruled over Italy. CurrentlySilvio Berlusconi is at the helm of affairs.

Constitution and Government

The Constitution dating from 1948 declares a demo-cratic republic founded on work. Parliament consists ofthe Chamber of Deputies and the Senate; the Chamber ofDeputies, elected for five years consist of 630 deputies.The Senate is also elected for five years term on regionalbasis having at least seven senators from each region. ThePresident is elected in a joint session of Chamber andSentate. The Speaker of the Senate acts as the Vice-President. It may be mentioned that efforts were made tocreate a new Constitution in 1998 but failed. There is aconstitutional court consisting of 15 appointed judgesvested with wide ranging judicial powers.

Geographical Location

Italy is bounded by Switzerland and Austria in thenorth, by Slovenia and the Adriatic Sea in the east, byIonian Sea in the Southeast, and by the Mediterranean Seain the South the Tyrrhenian and Ligurian Seas surroundItaly from the Southwest while France lies to the West ofItaly.

Climate

The climate of Italy varies with south experiencingwarm temperate with little rain in the summer. Thenorthern Italy is cool temperate with rainfall evenlydistributed over the year.

Mineral and Energy Resources

Installed capacity of power was 88,345 Megawatt in2005 and the total power generated was 309·0 bn kWh(13·9% hydroelectric). Total consumption of energy in2005 was 309·8 billion kWh. Oil production in 2005 was6·1 m tonnes. Proven oil reserves in 2005 were estimatedat 0·7 billion barrels. The production of natural gas in 2005was 12·0 bn. cu. metres. With proven reserves of 170 bn.cu. metres. Italy is not rich in mineral production. Onlysulphur and mercury produce surplus of exports.

Agriculture and Industry

Agriculture accounted for 2·6% of GDP in 2002. Asper 2002 data there were 8·29 m ha of arable land and 2·78m ha of permanent crops. Organic crops were grown in1·17 m ha. in 2003. It is the third largest after Australiaand Argentina representing 8·0% of all farmland. It maybe noted here that Italy is the second largest producer ofsheep’s milk after China. The Industry accounted 27·3%and services 70·1 of GDP in 2002; the leading companiesof Italy are Eni (an integrated oil company) IntesaSanpaola (US $ 90·0 billion) and Uni Credito Italiano (US $89·7 billion).

Major Tourist Places

As many as 43 sites in Italy have been included inUNESCO’s World Heritage List. The major tourist placesworthseeing in Italy are—The Rock Drawings Valca-monica near Brescia Santa Maria delle grazie with the LastSupper by Leonardo da Vinci San Paulo Fuori Le MauraHistoric Centre of Florence, Venice and its Lagoon, theMantua and Sabbioneta Syracuse and the Rocky Neoro-polis of Pantalica, Genoa, Val d’ Orcia the city of Verona,Villa Adriana, Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park,Su Nuraxi di Barumini, Villa Romana del Casale,Cathedral Torre Civica and Piazza Grande, Modena,Trulli Alberobello, Crespi d’ Adda, Archaelogical Area ofAgrigento, the 18th centuy Royal Palace at Caserta withthe Park and the Historic Centre of Rome and theRhaetian Railway in the Albula/Bernia Landscapes. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1066 “The irrationality of a thing is no argument against its existence, rather a condition of it.”

Progress in Animal Husbandry, Dairyingand Fisheries : In a Nutshell

Annual Report, 2009-10Annual Report, 2009-10

Undoubtedly ! Animal Husban-dry and Dairy Development plays adominent role in the rural economyin supplementing the income of ruralhouseholds, particularly the landless,small and marginal farmers. Thecontribution of livestock sector to thefood basket in the form of milk, eggsand meat has been immense in fulfill-ing the animal protein requirement ofever-growing human population @1·9% annually. However, the contri-bution of livestock and fisheriessectors to the total GDP during2007-08 and 2008-09 was 5·21% and4·07 per cent, respectively. However(2009-10) Agriculture and AlliedSectors share remained 17% in India’stotal GDP (Gross Domestic Products).

India is endowed with the largestlivestock population in the world. Itaccounts for 57% of the world’sbuffalo population and 14% of thecattle (cows) population. As per thelast (17th) Livestock Census (2003)done at each 5 years, the country hasabout 18·5 crore cattle and 9·8 crorebuffaloes. However, the data for 18thLivestock Census, 2008 are not yetdeclared/published. The research anddevelopment (R&D) activities for 4major constraints experienced bythe farmers related to breed, feed,fodder and health care i.e., 4’ ingpoints (Breeding, Feeding, Heatingand Weeding i.e., cickout diseased/poor cattles) are under progress bythe Deptt. of AH, Dairying andFisheries (GOI).

Based on the Annual Report(2009-10) of the Department ofAnimal Husbandry, Dairying andFisheries—Ministry of Agriculture,Govt. of India–GOI, several R&Dprogrammes & initiatives have beendone, those can be highlighted as :

Major Achievements / Activi-ties and InitiativesOrganisational set-up/Infrastructureand Functions of the Deptt. of A.H.,Dairying and Fisheries (Ministryof Agriculture, GOI)● The Deptt. of A.H., Dairying and

Fisheries (GOI) is under the

overall charge of Minister ofAgriculture (GOI) and theadministrative head of the Deptt.is the Secretary (ADF—AnimalHusbandry, Dairying andFisheries). The Deptt. Secretaryis assisted by AHC (AnimalHusbandry Commissioner), 4Joint Secretary and 1 Adviser(Statistics).

● Functions—Deptt. looks on allmatters relating to livestockproduction, preservation, protec-tion and improvement of stocks,Dairy developments as well toDelhi Milk Scheme (DMS) andNDDB (National Dairy Develop-ment Board).

● Deptt. of AH, Dairying andFisheries (under Ministry ofAgriculture) came into existenceon Feb. 1, 1991 by merger of 2divisions–Deptt. of AH andCooperation viz., AH and Dairy-ing Deptt–into a separate Deptt.Fisheries Division was trans-ferred to this Deptt. on Oct. 10,1997.

Livestock/Animal Husbandry Sector

● National Agriculture Policy2007—This National Policy forfarmers focuses on improvingthe socio-economic status andwell being of farmers, rather thanjust on production throughchanging the old attitudes andactions by enhancing their capa-city to invest in farm relatedactivities.

● The main goals of the NationalPolicy for Farmers are : to protectland and water resources,improve biodiversity, properadoption of farming systems forsustained increase in producti-vity, profitability to achieveSecond Evergreen Revolutionthrough strengthening the bio-diversity of crops, farm animals,fish and FOREST trees.

FOREST— Stands/gives us : F =Food, O = O2, R = Rains, E = Environ-mental protection, S = Soil conserva-tion and T = Timber.

● 4 major constraints in livestocksector experienced by farmers—The 4 constraints are related tobreed, feed and fodder, healthcare and remunerative productsprice.

● The contribution of livestockDairying and fisheries sectorsto the total GDP was remained4·07% during 2008-09, as against5·21% during 2007-08, indicatingdecreasing trend.

● As per the ‘17th LivestockCensus-2003’ (being done at each5 years interval, however, thedata of ‘18th Livestock Census-2008’ are not yet announced)—the total livestock populationwas 485 million numbers (and489 million no’s poultry), ofwhich 185·2 cattle, 97·9 buffalos,124·4 goats, 61·5 sheep etc. (allmillion no’s).

● Central Cattle DevelopmentOrganisations—CCBF (CentralCattle Breeding Farms) are 7 inno’s in India namely; at Alamadhi(Tamil Nadu), Andeshnagar(U.P.), Chiplima and Sunabeda(Orissa), Dhamrod (Gujarat),Hessarghatta (Karnataka) andSuratgarh (Rajasthan). Thesecentres are producing goodquality cattle and buffalo breeds,like; bull calves from Tharparkar,Red Sindhi, Jursey, HosteinFriesian and cross breed cattleand from Surti and Murrahbuffaloes. The CFSPTI (CentralFrozen Semen Production andTraining Institute) Hessarghatta(Karnataka)—a premier institute,produces frozen semen of cattleand buffaloes for use in AI(Artificial Insemination). During2008-09, this institute produced8·66 lakh doses of frozen semenand provided training to 277persons in Frozen Semen Tech-nology and Andrology.

PD/December/2010/1067 “The visionary lies to himself, the liar only to others.”

Present Scenario of Deptt. AH, Dairying and Fisheries (GOI)

Animal Husbandry (AH) Dairying Fisheries

● India’s rank in world :* Buffaloes—1st* Cattle and Goats—2nd* Sheep—3rd* Ducks—4th* Chickens—5th* Camel population—6th

● Livestock and Fisheries :

Share in GDP (2008-09)—4·07%● Livestock population (million No’s) (17th Census

2003) :* Cattle—185·2* Buffaloes—97·9* Total Livestock—485* Poultry—489

● Employment Generation :

* 7% work force (Rural Areas)* 5·8% (Rural and Urban Areas)

● India—the Largest milk producerin world

● Milk Production (2008-09)—108·50 million tonnes

● Milk availability—(2008-09) 258g/capita/day (265 g) worldaverage

● Wool production (million kg,2008-09)—42·7

● Egg Production (2008-09)—55·6billion no’s

● Growth in Milk Production—4·3% annual

● India’s rank in World—* IInd fresh water fish* IIIrd fish producer

● Fish Production (2008-09)Lakh tonnes* Marine—29·72* Inland—46·36* Total—76·08

● Fisheries Sector—14·49million people–livelihood

● Semen production in India hasincreased from 22 million straws(1999-2000) to 46 million straws(2008-09) and number of insemi-nations has increased from 20million to 44 million in respectiveyear. So also, the conception ratehas also increased from 20% to35%.

● NBAGR (National Bureau ofAnimal Genetics Resources/Researches) is located at Karnal(Haryana).

● Feed and Fodder Development :◆ Optimum and efficient utili-

zation of feed and fodderresources holds key to suc-cessful commercial livestockproduction.

◆ The cultivated fodder area isnearly 4·6% of the total culti-vable area. The total areaunder permanent pasturesand grasslands is about 12·4million hectares; besides 15·6million hectares is underwastelands, available forgrazing.

● Poultry Development :◆ Among top three countries of

the world in poultry egg pro-duction, India is producing55·6 billion eggs in numbers(2008-09)—as per LivestockCensus-2003, and Rs. 422crore were earned throughexport of poultry and poultryproducts.

● Polyclinics / Hospitals / Dispen-saries—A network of 27,562polyclinics / hospitals / dispen-saries and 25,195 Veterinary AidCentres is existed in the country,besides 25 Disease DiagnosticLaboratories.

● The Livestock Insurance—A fullfledged scheme was approvedon Nov. 20, 2008, in newlyselected districts on regularbasis. This scheme covers 300selected distts from Dec. 10, 2009.

Dairy Development

● The per capita per day milkavailability was 258 g in the year2008-09, as against 265 g worldaverage. This has to increase,because, it is below worldaverage.

● During 2008-09, the milk pro-duction was 108·5 million tonnes.

● India rank First in milk pro-duction in the world, as well asrepresents sustained growth inmilk availability and milk pro-ducts for the burgeoning/everincreasing population @ 1·9% ofthe country.

● Milk/Dairying sector is animportant secondary source ofincome of millions of ruralfamilies, say; it provides employ-ment and income generatingopportunities.

● Since 2004-05 to 2008-09 year, theaverage milk growth rate is 4·3%.

● IDDP (Intensive Dairy Deve-lopment Programme)–Schememodified in March, 2005 is beingimplemented in hilly and back-ward areas as well as in districts,which received less than Rs. 50lakh for dairy developmentunder ‘Operation Flood Pro-gramme’.

● NDDB (National Dairy Deve-lopment Board), Anand (Gujarat)set-up in 1965, is promoting andstrengthening the cooperatives,animal breeding, animal nutri-tion and feed technology, animalhealth, milk quality/procure-ment/marketing etc.

● National Dairy Plan—It is strate-gic plan with proposed quality ofRs. 17, 371 crore to achieve atarget of 180 million tonnes ofmilk production annualy by theyear 2021-22.

● DMS (Delhi Milk Scheme)—Set-up in 1959, is supplyingwholesome milk to the citizens ofDelhi at reasonable prices to milkproducers. This has a capacity of5 lakh litres of milk per day andhas also developed a website :

http//dms.gov.in

● Operation Flood—To promotemilk production, the operationflood programmes–completed in3 phases (last phase upto 1996)

PD/December/2010/1068 “To forget one’s purpose is the commonest form of stupidity.”

were started under Dr. V.Kurean, 1st Chairman/Directorof NDDB, Anand (Gujarat) and‘Father of India’s White Revo-lution’ in milk sector.

Fisheries Development

● CIFRI (Central Inland FisheriesResearch Institute) BarrackporeKolkata, West Bengal)—DirectorDr. A. P. Sharma : FisheriesSurvey of India, Mumbai;Central Fisheries Research andTraining Centre (A deemedUniversity under ICAR),Mumbai; CICEF, Bangalore;CIFNET, Cochin; NIFPHTT,Cochin (Kerala) etc. Institutes aredoing research and development(R&D) programmes related tofisheries development. NFDB(National Fisheries DevelopmentBoard) Hq.–Hyderabad, wasestablished in Sept. 2006.

● India is the Third largest fishproducer and Second largestproducer of fresh water fish inthe world, presently (2008-09)producing 76·08 lakh tonnes fish,that provides livelihood to 14·49million people in the country.

● About 7·75 lakh hectare waterarea was brought under scientificfish farming and 9·39 lakh fishfarmers/fishermen were alsotrained in improved practices and13·19 lakh persons benefited till2008-09 under development ofFreshwater Aquaculture.

● 7 fishing harbours, 62 minorfishing harbours and 194 fishlanding centres have been taken-up for implementation in variousCoastal/States/UTs.

Other Activities

Empowerment of Women

Women are actively involve inallied fisheries activities like; fishseed collection, mussels collection,sea weeds, fish marketing, fish pro-cessing and product development etc.Deptt. of AH, Dairying and Fisheries(GOI) is giving emphasis on trainingto women.

International Cooperation

IDA (International Dairy Asso-ciation) since-2007; Animal Produc-tion and Health Commission for theAsia and the Pacific (APHCA),

Bangkok, Thailand–an organisationunder FAO.

Special Fisheries Package forSuicide Prone Distts

In states of Andhra Pradesh,Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala,the special programme is underprocess.

SummaryFrom the above progress made

under the Deptt. of AH, Dairying andFisheries (GOI) and the new Initia-tives taken during 2009-10, it can verywell be summarised in a nutshellthat :

(i) India is the largest milk pro-ducer (108·5 million tonnes during2008-09) in the world, with 258 g/day/capita milk availability against265 g world average, recording 4·3%average annual growth rate of milk.(ii) The ‘Father of Milk Revolution’and First Chairperson of NDDB,Anand; Gujarat, was Dr. VargeseKurean and made a good contri-bution in milk sector. (iii) Theattention is being made on major 4constraints of farmers namely; Breed,Feed and Fodder, Health Care andRemunerative product price. (iv)India ranks in world livestock popu-lation-I (Buffaloes), II (Cattle/Goats),III (sheep), IV (Ducks), V (Chickens)and VI-Camel and so also III (fish)and II (Fresh water fish) producer.(V) Fisheries sector provides liveli-hood to 14·49 million people in India.Thus, in all, the research and deve-lopment activities by the Deptt. ofAH, Dairying and Fisheries are quiteencouraging in respective variousfields of livestock/dairying/fisheries.

Objective Questions

1. The per capita milk availability(g/day) in India (during 2008-09)remained as (compared to worldaverage 265 g/day/capita)—(A) 258 (B) 150(C) 125 (D) below 100

2. The contribution of livestockand fisheries sectors to the totalGDP (Gross Domestic Products)during 2008-09 was—(A) 2·50%(B) 3·00%(C) 4·07%(D) None of these

3. In the livestock sector, the majorconstraints experienced by thefarmers are—

(A) Breed only

(B) Breed and Health Care only

(C) Remunerative prices for thatproduce only

(D) Breed, feed and fodder,health care and remunerativeprice for that produce—all ofthese four

4. The First Chairperson—asDirector ‘Father of White Revo-lution’ of NDDB (National DairyDevelopment Board) Anand(Gujarat)–a premier Institute(set-up in 1965) and a statutorybody corporate declared in 1987;was—

(A) Dr. (Ms.) Amrita Patel

(B) Dr. V. Kurean

(C) Dr. B. K. Joshi

(D) Dr. W. S. Lakra

5. The National Bureau of AnimalGenetics Resources/Researches(Deptt. of AH, Dairying andFisheries, Ministry of Agricul-ture, GOI) is located at—

(A) Karnal (Haryana)

(B) Kanpur (U.P.)

(C) Jaipur (Rajasthan)

(D) Farah, Mathura (U.P.)

Answers

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1069 “When one has much to put into them, a day has a hundred pockets.”

International OrganisationInternational OrganisationInternational OrganisationProfileProfile

ORGANISATION FOR THEPROHIBITION OF CHEMICAL

WEAPONS (OPCW)

Established on — April 29, 1997

Headquarters — The Hague, Netherlands

Member States — 188 Member States

Official Languages— English, French, Russian,Chinese, Spanish, Arabic

Type of OrganisationThe Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical

Weapons (OPCW) is an international organisation located

Logo of OPCW

in the Hague Netherlands. The organi-sation promotes and verifies theadherence to the Chemical WeaponsConvention which prohibits the use ofchemical weapons and requires theirdestruction. The verification consistsboth of evaluation of declarations bymembers states and on site inspections.

Chemical Weapons ConventionThe Chemical Weapons Convention (The Conven-

tion on the Prohibition of the Development, Production,Stockpiling) and use of Chemical Weapons and on theirDestruction aims to eliminate an entire category ofweapons of mass destruction by prohibiting the develop-ment, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention,transfer or use of chemical weapons by State Parties. ThePreamble to the convention reads—The States Parties tothis Convention—Determined to act with a view to achiev-ing effective progress towards general and completedisarmament under effective international control includ-ing the prohibition and elimination of all types ofweapons of mass destruction—Desiring to contribute tothe realization of the purposes and principles of theCharter of the United Nations. A unique feature of theChemical Weapons Convention is its incorporation of thechallenge inspection whereby any state party in doubtabout another State Party’s compliance can request theDirector-General to send an inspection team. Under theCWC’s challenge inspection procedure, States Parties havecommitted themselves to the principle of any time,anywhere inspections with no right of refusal.

Work of CWCDemilitarisation—The most important obligation

under the convention is the destruction of chemical

weapons. It is also the most expensive aspect of theconvention’s implementation. Destruction has to becarried out at highly specialised facilities by adoptingstate of the–art technology to ensure that the risk to peopleand to environment is kept to a minimum at every stage.

Ahmet UzumcuDirector-General

of OPCW

Non-Proliferation—Each state partyshall adopt the necessary measures toensure that toxic chemicals and theirprecursors are only developed, producedotherwise acquired, retained, trans-ferred or use within its territory or inany other place under its jurisdiction orcontrol for purposes not prohibitedunder this convention.

Assistance and Protection—Allmembers states have pledged to provideassistance and protection to follow Member Statesthreatened by the use of chemical weapons or attackedwith chemical weapons.

International Cooperation—The organisation’s inter-national cooperation programmes focus on capacity build-ing for the peaceful applications of chemistry in areaswhich are relevant to the Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC).

Universality—Adherence to the chemical weaponsconvention demonstrates a state’s commitment to dis-armament and international cooperation and helps toreinforce its position in the mainstream of internationalpolitics.

National Implementation—The Secretariats’ imple-mentation support programme helps States Parties tomeet their obligations under Article VII of the Convention.This includes establishing National Authorities for effec-tive liaison with the OPCW; taking necessary steps toenact legislation including penal legislation and to takeadministrative measures to implement the convention.

Responsibilities of OPCWThe Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical

Weapons (OPCW) is the implementing body of theChemical Weapons Convention (CWC or Convention) theOPCW is given the mandate to achieve the object andpurpose of the convention to ensure the implementationof its provisions, including those for internal verificationof compliance with it, and to provide a forum forconsultation and cooperation among State Parties.

Structure of the OrganisationThe principal body is the Conference of State Parties

which is normally convened yearly and in which allcountries participate and have equal voting rights.

PD/December/2010/1070 “When you stare into the abyss the abyss stares back at you.”

Countries are generally represented in the conferenceby a permanent representative to the organisation. Theconference decides on all main topics regarding theorganisation (e.g., taking retaliating measures) and theconvention (approving guidelines. imposing retaliatingmeasures against members. The Executive Council is theexecutive organ of the organisation and consist of 41 stateparties which are appointed by the conference on a 2 yearsterm. The Technical Secretariat applies most of theactivities mandated by the Council and is the body wheremost of employees of organisation work. The ExecutiveCouncil meets regularly for sessions and meetings. TheCouncil’s practice has been to hold four to six regularsessions annually.

OPCW Mission StatementThe mission of the OPCW is to implement the

provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)in order to achieve the OPCW’s vision of a world that isfree of chemical weapons and of the threat of their use,and in which cooperation in chemistry for peacefulpurposes for all is fostered. In doing this ultimate aim is tocontribute to international security and stability, to generaland complete disarmament, and to global economicdevelopment. There are four broad aims underlying thismission—(i) To ensure a credible and transparent regimefor verifying the destruction of chemical weapons and toprevent re-emergence while protecting legitimate nationalsecurity and proprietary interests; (ii) To provideprotection and assistance against chemical weapons;(iii) To encourage international cooperation in peacefuluses of chemistry and (iv) To bring about universalmembership of the OPCW by facilitating internationalcooperation and national capacity building. Two funda-mental principles underline this approach. The first is thecentrality of the CWC’s multilateral character. The secondis the equal protection of the provisions of the CWC to allStates Parties. All work is guided and supported by theinternal vision of this organisation.

Decision-making

In accordance with the Rules of Procedure of theCouncil adopted by the conference at its First Session, theCouncil generally take decisions on matters of substanceby a two-thirds majority vote and a simple majority of allits members shall decide on questions of procedure. Theone exception concerns the Executive Councils’ power tostop a challenge inspection from going forward. Thatdecision can only be taken by a three-quarter majority ofall the Executive Council members. In practice the Councilhas generally been guided by the principle of consensusand thus far has resorted to the vote on only on oneoccasion, in relation to an administrative matter.

Universal Adherence to the ChemicalWeapons Convention

The First Review Conference stressed the importanceof universal adherence by all states to the convention, andof full compliance by all State Parties with all theprovisions and requirements of the convention. The FirstReview Conference was convinced that Universality and

full compliance by all States Parties with all the provisionsof the convention are necessary to the achievement of theglobal ban on chemical weapons. The Action Plan on theUniversality of the CWC adopted during the 23rd Meetingof the Executive Council in 2003. Some of the itemsmentioned in the Action Plan include the designation ofpoints of contact by States Parties, on a voluntary andinformal basis, in all regions and sub-regions relevant forthe effective promotion of universality, to assist regularlyin the implementation of this Action Plan and for thepurposes of effective coordination.

Subsidiary BodiesThe Chemical Weapons Convention provides for the

establishment of three subsidiary bodies to aid the threemain organs of the OPCW in their work : The ScientificAdvisory Board, the Advisory Body on Administrativeand Financial Issues and the Confidentiality Commission.The Scientific Advisory Board (SAB)—a group of indepen-dent experts—are mandated to assess relevant scientificand technological developments and report on suchsubjects to the Director-General. As a subsidiary organ ofthe Conference of the States Parties the main function ofthe Confidentiality Commission is to settle any disputesbetween States Parties related to confidentiality. TheAdvisory Body on Administrative and Financial Issues(ABAF) meets regularly to advise both the TechnicalSecretariat and the States Parties on issues relating toOPCW programmes and budgets. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1071 “You need chaos in your soul to give birth to a dancing star.”

Multiple Choice QuestionsMultiple Choice Questions

Current QuestionnaireCurrent QuestionnaireCurrent QuestionnaireCurrent QuestionnaireCurrent Questionnaire1. The moto of Commonwealth

Games 2010 was—(A) Come out and play(B) Jeeyo, Utho, Badho, Jeeto(C) We are all together(D) United world

2. Commonwealth Games 2010Anthem was—(A) Jeeyo, Utho, Badho, Jeeto(B) Come out and play(C) One People, One Cause(D) None of the above

3. Which of the following was notthe party involved in Ayodhyaland dispute case of which judge-ment was recently pronouncedby Lucknow Bench of AllahabadHigh Court ?(A) Sunni Waqf Board(B) Nirmohi Akhara(C) The Party for Ram Lalla(D) Vishwa Hindu Parishad

4. Which of the following countrieswere recently visited by Presi-dent Smt. Pratibha DevisinghPatil ?(A) Laos(B) Cambodia(C) Both of the above(D) None of the above

5. With which of the followingcountries did India recentlyagree to set up a joint venture toco-develop and produce a newMulti-role Transport Aircraft(MTA) ?(A) Japan (B) Russia(C) U.S.A. (D) Poland

6. Which of the following commi-ttees recently probed misappro-priation charges against CalcuttaHigh Court Judge Soumitra Senin the removal proceeding ini-tiated by Parliament ?(A) B. Sudarshan Reddy Com-mittee(B) Sri Krishna Committee(C) Meera Seth Committee(D) None of the above

7. India’s rank in Global Competi-tiveness Report is—(A) 41st (B) 31st(C) 51st (D) 21st

8. India recently signed a Pipelinedeal with—(A) Tajikistan(B) Turkmenistan(C) Kazakhstan(D) Uzbekistan

9. India recently concluded finalround of negotiations on a com-prehensive economic coope-ration agreement with ?(A) N. Korea(B) Japan(C) South Korea(D) U.S.A.

10. India has emerged in the worldas—(A) Third most powerful nation(B) Second most powerfulnation(C) Fourth most powerful nation(D) Second most powerfulnation

11. The term Khymer Rouge whichrecently in news is associatedwith—(A) Laos (B) Cambodia(C) Malaysia (D) Indonesia

12. General Than Shwe who recentlyvisited China is the military rulerof—(A) Thailand (B) Myanmar(C) Laos (D) Vietnam

13. Which of the following recentlysigned Arctic Border Pact ?(A) Russia-Norway(B) Norway-Sweden(C) Russia-Finland(D) Sweden-Finland

14. Veils (Burqas) were recentlybanned by—(A) English Parliament(B) French Senate(C) Swedish Parliament(D) Norways’ Parliament

15. Saudi Arabia has recently clinc-hed Mega Arms Deal with—(A) European Union(B) U.S.A.(C) Russia(D) Japan

16. Where was recently a referendumheld to support constitutionalreforms ?(A) Iran(B) Iraq(C) Saudi Arabia(D) Turkey

17. Jiaolong which made a trip intodeep sea recently belongs to—(A) U.S.A.(B) China(C) Australia(D) Russia

18. In World University Rankingwhich of the following hastopped ?(A) The University of Cambridge(B) Harvard University(C) Yale University(D) University of Oxford

19. The highest suicide rate in Indiais in the state of—(A) Sikkim(B) Assam(C) Meghalaya(D) Tripura

20. P.J. Thomas is the new—(A) Central Vigilance Commis-sioner(B) Chief Election Commissio-ner(C) Auditor General of India(D) Accountant General of India

21. Justice Nissar Ahmed Kakru hasbeen appointed as the New ChiefJustice of—

(A) Andhra Pradesh(B) Jammu & Kashmir(C) Tamil Nadu(D) Kerala

PD/December/2010/1072 “There is always some madness in love. But there is also always some reason in madness.”

22. The 2009 Dadasaheb PhalkeAward winner is—(A) Subhash Ghai(B) D. Ramanaidu(C) Sharmila Tagore(D) Amitabh Bachchan

23. Under the 57th National FilmAwards, which of the followingbagged Best Movie Award ?(A) Paa(B) Kutty Srank(C) 3 Idiots(D) Putaani Party

24. The best actor award has beenbagged under the 57th NationalFilm Awards by—(A) Amitabh Bachchan(B) Shahrukh Khan(C) Amir Khan(D) Salman Khan

25. The best actress award under the57th National Film Awards for2009 has been bagged by—(A) Rani Mukherjee(B) Vidya Balan(C) Ananya Chatterjee(D) Kareena Kapoor

26. The award for best directorunder 57th National Awards for2009 has been conferred on—(A) Rituparno Ghosh(B) Amir Khan(C) Priyadarshan(D) None of the above

27. The 43rd Jnanpith Award 2007has been conferred on—(A) Akhlaq Shahryar Khan(B) ONV Kurup(C) Arundhati Roy(D) None of the above

28. The 44th Jnanpith Award for2008 has been bagged by—

(A) ONV Kurup

(B) Akhlaq Shahryar Khan

(C) Sir Mota Singh

(D) None of the above

29. National Education Day is obser-ved on—(A) November 8(B) November 11(C) November 7(D) November 6

30. International Day for Toleranceis observed on—(A) November 8(B) November 9(C) November 16(D) November 23

31. Climatopolics : How our citiesWill Thrive in the Hotter Future’is the book written by—(A) Mathew Kahn(B) Mahmood Farooqui(C) Philip Dray(D) Barack Obama

32. Who has been named as Presi-dent-Elect of BCCI ?(A) Sharad Pawar(B) N. Srinivasan(C) Chirayu Amin(D) Shashank Manohar

33. The winner of recently-heldChampions League Twenty-20Tournament is—(A) Chennai Super Kings(B) Eastern Cape Warriors(C) Both jointly(D) None of the above

34. The winner in US Open 2010(Tennis Championship) for men’ssingles title is—(A) Roger Federer(B) Rafael Nadal(C) Novak Djokovik(D) Bob Bryan

35. The winner in US Open 2010(Tennis Championship) forwomen’s singles title is—(A) Kim Clijsters(B) Vera Zvonareva(C) Liezel Huber(D) Kveta Peschke

36. Mary Kom of India won recentlyWorld Boxing ChampionshipTitle for the successive—(A) Fourth time(B) Fifth time(C) Sixth time(D) Third time

37. Pankaj Advani has recentlybagged National Snooker Titlefor—(A) Fourth time(B) Fifth time(C) Third time(D) Second time

38. Who recently clinched ItalianGrand Prix and Singapore GrandPrix ?(A) Fernando Alonso(B) Sebastian Vettel(C) Casey Stoner(D) None of the above

39. Sushil Kumar of India recentlybecame the first Indian to grabgold medal in—(A) World Wrestling Champion-ship(B) World Boxing Champion-ship(C) World Swimming Champi-onship(D) None of the above

40. Which of the following Indianshas been forecast to be the richestman in the world in 2014 byForbes magazine ?(A) Mukesh Ambani(B) Ratan Tata(C) Anil Ambani(D) Azim Premji

Answers with Explanations

Continued on Page 1074

PD/December/2010/1073 “Poets are shameless with their experiences: they exploit them.”

Current Objective QuestionsCurrent Objective Questions

Trade and IndustryTrade and IndustryTrade and IndustryTrade and IndustryTrade and Industry1. The new Chairman and Manag-

ing Director of National HousingBank who took charge onSeptember 15, 2010 is—(A) R. V. Verma(B) S. Sridhar(C) A. N. Tiwari(D) L. Radhakrishnan

2. Nobel for Economics 2010 hasbeen shared by—(A) Two British and one USEconomists(B) Two US and one BritishEconomists(C) One US and one BritishEconomists(D) All three US Economists

3. ‘Company of the Year’ award inEconomic Times Corporate Excel-lency Awards 2010 goes to—(A) Maruti Suzuki(B) Renuka Sugars(C) L & T(D) Mahindra and Mahindra

4. ‘Tourism and Bio-diversity’ is/was the theme of World TourismDay (September 27) for the year—(A) 2009 (B) 2010(C) 2011 (D) 2012

5. As per first advance estimates ofKharif crops for the year 2010-11given by Agriculture Ministry,the total foodgrains have beenestimated at—(A) 103·84 MT(B) 112·63 MT

(C) 114·63 MT

(D) 118·63 MT

6. Which of the following key ratehas not been altered by RBI since2003 ?(A) Bank Rate(B) Statutory Liquidity Ratio

(C) Cash Reserve Ratio

(D) Repo Rate

7. On October 15, 2010 governmenthas launched the new NELPround for allocation, which isnumbered as—

(A) NELP-VII (B) NELP-VIII(C) NELP-IX (D) NELP-X

8. In Global Hunger Index 2010released by International FoodPolicy Research Institute (IFPRI),India has been placed at—(A) 65th Rank (B) 66th Rank(C) 67th Rank (D) 68th Rank

9. In newly proposed Direct TaxCode the highest rate of indi-vidual income tax has been putat—(A) 20 per cent(B) 25 per cent(C) 30 per cent(D) 35 per cent

10. ‘BAFTA’ award is associatedwith—(A) Banking sector(B) Cinema(C) Insurance Sector(D) Tourism

11. Which of the following day hasbeen declared as Income TaxDay ?(A) 18 July(B) 24 July(C) 16 August(D) 1 September

12. Which of the following publicsector company has launchedIPO in the share market to raise 15000 crore target ?

(A) NTPC(B) Coal India Ltd.(C) BHEL(D) ONGC

13. For the session 2010-11 the newPresident of Indian Banks Asso-ciation is—(A) Chanda Kochchar(B) Shikha Sharma(C) O. P. Bhatt(D) R. V. Verma

14. According to the Asian Develop-ment Bank Report for Urbanisa-tion, India ranks at—(A) 10th Place (B) 26th Place(C) 34th Place (D) 39th Place

15. How many Indian Women havebeen included in the Forbes’ listof Top100 Powerful Women ofthe World ?(A) Only 1 (B) 2(C) 3 (D) 4

16. RBI has divested its 71·5% sharein NABARD to the governmentwhich reduces RBI’s holding inNABARD to—

(A) Only one per cent

(B) Only five per cent

(C) Only 7·5 per cent

(D) Only 10 per cent

17. RBI has decided to issue thenew coins with ‘CommonwealthGames 2010-Delhi’ theme. Thedominations of these coins willbe—

(A) 1, 2 and 5

(B) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 5

(D) 5 and 10

18. Which of the Rabi crop getsthe maximum enhancement inMinimum Support Price for theyear 2010-11 (to be marketed in2011-12) ?

(A) Wheat

(B) Barley

(C) Masoor Dal

(D) Safflower Oilseed

19. For the crop season 2009-10, theMSP of wheat was fixed at 1100per quintal. For the crop season2010-11 it has been declared at—

(A) 1120 per quintal

(B) 1150 per quintal

(C) 1180 per quintal

(D) 1200 per quintal

20. Asian Development Bank hasapproved $ 132 million to Biharfor the development of—

(A) Rural Roads

(B) Electricity System

(C) Primary Education

(D) Child Health and Nutrition

PD/December/2010/1074 “What is done out of love always takes place beyond good and evil.”

21. After the decision of BombayHigh Court, the Income Taxdepartment has levied therevised tax liability on Vodafoneof the value ?(A) 12000 crore(B) 11900 crore(C) 11218 crore(D) 11000 crore

22. Which of the following state hasregistered the maximum growthin Gross State Domestic Productin the year 2009-10 ?(A) Chhattisgarh(B) Kerala(C) Gujarat(D) Goa

23. World Investment Report isannually published by—(A) IBRD (B) WTO(C) IMF (D) UNCTAD

24. Which of the following IndianPrivate Company is the biggestemployer ?(A) TCS(B) Reliance Industries(C) Wipro(D) ITC

25. Which of the following IndianCompany gets the highest rankamong Indian Companies in-cluded in Forbes-500 list for theyear 2010 ?(A) ONGC(B) Indian Oil Corporation(C) Reliance Industries Ltd.(D) ONGC

26. What is the maximum investmentlimit for retail investors in anypublic issue as per the rules ofSEBI ?(A) 50000 (B) 1,00000(C) 2,00000 (D) 5,00000

27. Which of the following countryhas declared Broadband Serviceas the fundamental right in thecountry ?(A) Britain(B) Denmark(C) Finland(D) United States of America

28. Information Technology Act inIndia was introduced in theyear—(A) 2000 (B) 2001(C) 2002 (D) 2003

29. Shikha Sharma recently includedin Forbes’ Top100 PowerfulWomen of the World list isassociated with—(A) ICICI Bank (B) AXIS Bank(C) HDFC Bank (D) HSBC

30. Which of the following Petro-leum product is fully undermarket-based price determina-tion policy ?(A) Petrol(B) Diesel(C) Petrol, Diesel both(D) Petrol, Diesel and Kerosene

Answers

P.Darpan

Continued from Page 1072

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1075

Q. 1. Answer the following 20questions in one or two lines each :

(A) Swami Vivekanand(B) Rani Lakshmi Bai(C) Reason for partition of

Bengal in 1905(D) Great Mountain wall of

North(E) Population Density(F) State animal of Madhya

Pradesh(G) Write the names of the latest

five Chief Ministers of MadhyaPradesh.

(H) Why is Rani Durgawatifamous ?

(I) Classify Madhya Pradesh onthe basis of climate.

(J) Explain the meaning ofSMEs in India.

(K) What is the common pointin Articles 14 and 226 of IndianConstitution ?

(L) How is the Election Com-mission of India constituted ?

(M) What is Home Rule Move-ment

(N) What do you mean by‘Mixed Economy’ ?

(O) What is ‘Hyde Act of 2006’ ?

(P) What was Uruguay Round ?

(Q) What is Yellow Revolution ?

(R) What is vision 2020 forIndia ?

(S) Why is C. K. Naidu famous ?(T) Why are Khajuraho temples

famous ?

Ans.

PD/December/2010/1076

Q. 2. Write short notes on anysix of the following (100 wordseach)—

(i) Impact of 1857 Revolt

(ii) ‘Population description onthe basis of religion’ released onDecember 9, 2004.

(iii) Historical background ofIndian Constitution.

(iv) White Revolution ndOperation Flood of India.

(v) Jinnah and Muslim League

(vi) Functions of Asian Deve-lopment Bank

(vii) Sardar Sarovar Project

(viii) New Sports Policy ofMadhya Pradesh

Ans.

PD/December/2010/1078

Q. 3. Write notes on any four ofthe following :

(i) Contribution of MadhyaPradesh in the struggle for inde-pendence.

(ii) Naxalite movement in India

(iii) Passing of Rowlatt Act andJalianwala Bagh massacre.

(iv) Recent estimates of econo-mic growth rate in India by IMF andWorld Bank.

(v) Soils of Madhya Pradesh

(vi) Main points of new tourismpolicy of Madhya Pradesh.

Ans.

PD/December/2010/1079

Q. 4. Answer any three offollowing questions :

(i) Evaluate the contribution ofSubhash Chandra Bose in the IndianFreedom Movement.

(ii) Evaluate the steps taken byCentral Government on the front ofinternal security.

(iii) What is “Agreement onAgriculture” ? Why Doha RoundSummit could not arrive at a finalsolution on this issue ?

(iv) Explain the role of Socio-Religious reforms in the 19thcentury.

Ans.

PD/December/2010/1080

Q. 5. Write an essay on any oneof the following :

What is the problem of raggingin educational institutions of India ?Discussing the recommendations ofRaghavan Committee, clarify howeducational institutions contributeto stop Ragging.

ORWhat do you know about ‘Right

to Information’ Act ? How far is thisAct able to control the corruption ?

OR

What is Global Financial Crisis ?How has it affected the economy ofAmerica and India ?

Ans.

PD/December/2010/1082

Civics (Political Science) and General Studies

UTTAR PRADESH G.I.C. FOR LECTURER SCREENING EXAM., 2009

Solved Paper

PART-I

Political Science1. The theory of Natural Rights

holds that—(A) Rights are a divine creation(B) Rights came from pre-civilsociety(C) Rights were granted by theking

(D) Rights are granted by theConstitution

2. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context of thesestatements, select the correct ans-wer from the codes mentionedbelow—Assertion (A) : The Marxist viewof freedom is different fromliberal individualist view of free-dom.Reason (R) : According toMarxist view, freedom is notsomething that an individual canenjoy in isolation.

Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

3. Who among the following sup-ports the principle of naturalinequality ?(A) Polybius (B) Cicero(C) Rousseau (D) Plato

4. The ideal of ‘positive liberty’ wasfirst conceived by—

(A) Aristotle (B) Hegel(C) Green (D) Laski

5. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer, usingthe codes given below—

List-I(a) Justice is the interest of

stronger.(b) Justice is doing one’s own

work which is in consonancewith one’s own nature.

(c) Public utility is the soleorigin of Justice.

(d) Justice means judicious dis-tribution of primary goods.

List-II1. Rawls2. Thrasymachus3. Plato4. HumeCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 2 4 1 3(C) 3 2 4 1(D) 2 3 4 1

6. The best adjustment of libertyand equality can be achieved in aregime of—(A) Liberalism(B) Socialism(C) Democratic Socialism(D) Idealism

7. “Political liberty without econo-mic liberty is a myth.” Who hasmade this statement ?(A) Aristotle (B) T. H. Green(C) J. S. Mill (D) H. J. Laski

8. “The passion for equality madevain the hope for liberty.” Whohas made this statement ?(A) J. S. Mill(B) Jeremy Bentham(C) V. I. Lenin(D) Lord Acton

9. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context of thesestatements, select the correct ans-wer from the codes mentionedbelow—

Assertion (A) : Justice is highestgood of political life.Reason (R) : Justice provides manhis due and sets right wrongseither by compensation or bypunishment.

Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

10. The liberal thinker who had putforward the theory of “SocialEngineering” is—

(A) C. B. Macpherson

(B) Karl J. Popper

(C) John Rawls

(D) L. T. Hobhouse

11. By the materialistic interpreta-tion of history Marx explains—

(A) The course of historyremains unchanged

(B) The course of history isdetermined by the leaders ofsociety

(C) The course of history isdetermined by the consciousnessof men

(D) The course of history isdetermined by the mode of pro-duction

12. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context ofthese statements, select thecorrect answer from the codesmentioned below—

Assertion (A) : Marx is the onlywriter whose works can betermed scientific.

Reason (R) : Where Marxismends, Anarchism begins.

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Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and

(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

13. Who is the author of the famousbook ‘History of Early Institu-tions’ ?(A) Proudhan(B) Maxey(C) Machiavelli(D) Sir Henry Maine

14. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context of thesestatements, select the correct ans-wer from the codes mentionedbelow—Assertion (A) : Gandhi wasagainst using the impure means.Reason (R) : According to him,impure means do not help inachieving the ends.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and

(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

15. If any question arises whether aBill is a Money Bill or not, thenwhose decision is final ?(A) President’s decision(B) Chief Justice of the SupremeCourt’s decision(C) Auditor and ComptrollerGeneral of India’s decision(D) Speaker of the Lok Sabha’sdecision

16. Which of the following attributesof Gandhian theory of Non-Violence are correct ?Select the correct answer fromthe codes given below—1. It is not passivity.2. Its basic principle is truth.3. It is the weapon of the weak.4. It is a means of mass parti-

cipation.

Codes :(A) 1 and 3 (B) 1 and 2(C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 2, 3 and 4

17. Which of the following was noton the agenda of Non-coopera-tion Movement ?(A) To boycott foreign goods(B) To boycott law courts(C) To defy the laws of the land(D) To boycott elections underthe Government of India Act,1919

18. The alternative to socialism inGandhian Philosophy is—(A) Non-violence(B) Trusteeship(C) Panchayati Raj(D) Truth

19. Which of the following books hasnot been written by Marx ?(A) The Communist Manifesto(B) Das Capital(C) Wealth of the Nations(D) The Critique of PoliticalEconomy

20. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context of thesestatements, select the correctanswer from the codes men-tioned below—Assertion (A) : There is no stableparty system in India.Reason (R) : Indian politicalparties reflect the complexity ofIndian society.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and

(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but(R) is not the correct expla-nation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

21. Which one of the following is nota demerit of party system ?(A) Parties fight for their owninterest(B) Party system destroys theindividuality of man(C) Parties produce unnaturaldivisions(D) Parties harmonise the organsof Government

22. Which of the following state-ments are correct ?Select the correct answer fromthe codes given below—1. Pressure groups are different

from Political parties.2. Political parties and Pressure

groups do not differ.3. Pressure groups do not

contest elections.4. Pressure groups do not try

to capture political powerdirectly.

Codes :

(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 2, 3 and 4(C) 1, 3 and 4 (D) 3, 2 and 4

23. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer, usingthe codes given below—

List-I(a) Charles Mariam(b) M. P. Follet(c) Arthur Bentley(d) A. Appadorai

List-II1. The Process of Government2. The Substance of Politics3. The New State4. New Aspect of PoliticsCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 2 1 4 3(C) 3 4 2 1(D) 4 3 1 2

24. “Never has any one ruled onearth by basing his rule essen-tially other than the publicopinion.” Who has made thisstatement ?(A) Jose Ortegag Gassel(B) J. S. Mill(C) Lord Bryce(D) Morris Ginsberg

25. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context of thesestatements, select the correct ans-wer from the codes mentionedbelow—Assertion (A) : Political partiesare the lifeline of Modern Politics.Reason (R) : Political Partiescame into existence with the

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growth and development ofrepresentative institutions andexpansion of suffrage.Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but(R) is not the correct expla-nation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

26. Who among the following triedto establish co-relation betweenparty system and electoralsystem ?(A) H. J. Laski(B) M. Duverger(C) H. M. Finer(D) Lord Bryce

27. Who describes the pressuregroups as the Third House of theLegislature ?(A) Lord Bryce(B) H. M. Finer(C) G. D. H. Cole(D) Dicey

28. “The State in which all authorityand powers are vested in a singlecentre, whose will and agents arelegally omnipotent over thewhole area” is known as—(A) Unitary Government(B) Federal Government(C) Parliamentary Government(D) Presidential Government

29. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other labelled as Reason(R). In the context of these state-ments, select the correct answerfrom the codes mentionedbelow—Assertion (A) : A federal systeminvariably provides for an inde-pendent judiciary.Reason (R) : It settles the dis-putes between the centre and theconstituent units.

Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

30. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context ofthese statements, select thecorrect answer from the codesmentioned below—

Assertion (A) : The growingstrength of Central Governmentin a federal set-up is natural.

Reason (R) : Five factors con-tribute to the growth of a power-ful centre in the federation,namely, war politics, depressionpolitics, Techno-politics, Grants-in-Aid politics and party politics.

Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

31. In Presidential Government, thePresident is—

(A) Independent of the Legisla-ture(B) Dependent on the Legisla-ture(C) Dependent on the Judiciary

(D) Bound by the advice ofCouncil of Ministers

32. A Parliamentary Governmentcannot function without—

(A) Written Constitution

(B) Rigid Constitution

(C) Political Parties

(D) Independent Judiciary

33. Members of the Executive underPresidential System of Govern-ment—

(A) Are drawn both the Housesof Legislature(B) Are taken from the popularHouse

(C) Are not members of eitherHouse of Legislature

(D) Become members of Legis-lature after their appointment asMinisters

34. Governments are classified asParliamentary and Presidentialon the basis of—

(A) Relations between theCentre and the States(B) Relations between the Legis-lature and the Executive(C) Relations between theExecutive and the Judiciary(D) All of the above

35. Who has opined that, “TheConstitution limits the arbitraryactions of the Government” ?(A) Dicey (B) Rousseau(C) Garner (D) Strong

36. “A State without a Constitutionwould not be a State, but aregime of anarchy.” This is statedby—(A) Aristotle (B) Bryce

(C) Jellineck (D) Dicey

37. Which of the following is not afeature of Unitary System of theGovernment ?

(A) Administrative unity(B) Administrative empower-ment(C) National unity(D) A coordination betweennational unity and Local selfadministration

38. Who raised the demand for‘Swarajya’ for the first timethrough his writings ?

(A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy(B) Ram Krishna Param Hans(C) Swami Vivekanand(D) Swami Dayanand Saraswati

39. During Civil DisobedienceMovement, soldiers of GarhwalRegiment refused to fire ondemonstrators at—(A) Amritsar(B) Dehradun(C) Nainital(D) Peshawar

40. Commenting on the sudden sus-pension of the Non-CooperationMovement in February 1922, whoamong the following remarked—“To sound the order of retreatjust when public enthusiasm wasreaching the boiling point wasnothing short of a nationalcalamity” ?

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(A) Motilal Nehru

(B) Subhash Chandra Bose

(C) C. R. Das

(D) Mohammad Ali

41. Who wrote the book, ‘IndiaDivided’ ?

(A) Dr. Rajendra Prasad

(B) M. A. Jinnah

(C) Sardar Patel

(D) Shyama Prasad Mukherji

42. Whose time has been describedas the ‘Seedling time of IndianNationalism’ ?

(A) Lord William Bentinck

(B) Lord Rippon

(C) Lord Lytton

(D) Lord Curzon

43. By whom was the ‘ObjectivesResolution’ presented in theConstituent Assembly of India ?(A) B. R. Ambedkar(B) G. B. Pant(C) Sardar Patel(D) Jawaharlal Nehru

44. Mahatma Gandhi’s first experi-ence with mass movement inIndia was at—(A) Champaran(B) Bardoli(C) Chauri-chaura(D) Dandi

45. The Swadeshi Movement waslaunched—

(A) As a protest against thepartition of Bengal in 1905

(B) Following division of Cong-ress in 1907

(C) Following the LucknowSession

(D) To mark the entry ofMahatma Gandhi in NationalMovement

46. Who among the following mode-rate leaders had been called, ‘asilver tongued orator’ ?

(A) Dadabhai Naoroji

(B) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

(C) Madan Mohan Malaviya

(D) M. G. Ranade

47. Which one of the followingproposed a three-tier polity forIndia ?

(A) Nehru Report(B) Simon Commission Report(C) Cripps Proposal(D) Cabinet Mission Plan

48. Who was the first WomanPresident of Indian NationalCongress ?(A) Smt. Sarojini Naidu(B) Smt. Annie Besant(C) Smt. Kamla Nehru(D) Smt. Indira Gandhi

49. When was Mahatma GandhiPresident of the Indian NationalCongress ?(A) 1923 (B) 1924(C) 1925 (D) 1926

50. Who described for the first time,the revolt of 1857 as “The FirstWar of Indian Independence” ?(A) V. D. Savarkar(B) R. C. Majumdar(C) Bipin Chandra(D) Sir John Lawrence

51. What was the real objectivebehind the ‘Partition of Bengal’ ?(A) Create a division among theranks of Indian Nationalists(B) Stop the tide of Nationalismin Bengal(C) Build up separate Admini-strative units for better efficiencyof administration(D) Appease the large majorityof Muslims

52. The place where Navy openlyrevolted in 1946 against Britishrule in India is—(A) Bombay (Mumbai)(B) Calcutta(C) Madras(D) Cochin

53. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context ofthese statements, select thecorrect answer from the codesmentioned below—Assertion (A) : The IndianIndependence Act, 1947 endedthe British rule in India.Reason (R) : The Indian Inde-pendence Act, 1947 laid down anew constitution for India pro-viding for every detail.

Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and

(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

54. Who among the following iscalled, “The Prophet of IndianNationalism and Father ofmodern India.” ?(A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy(B) Swami Vivekanand(C) Mahatma Gandhi(D) Jawaharlal Nehru

55. Which of the following state-ments about the Vice-Presidentof India are correct ?Select the correct answer fromthe codes given below—

1. He is the ex-officio chairmanof the Rajya Sabha.

2. He must be member of theRajya Sabha for his electionas Vice-President.

3. He is elected by the membersof both the Houses of Parlia-ment and State LegislativeAssemblies.

4. If the President resigns ordies, the Vice President offi-ciates as President for notmore than six months.

Codes :(A) 1 and 4 (B) 2 and 3(C) 1 and 3 (D) 3 and 4

56. Who of the following linked theDirective Principles with acheque payable at the conveni-ence of the Bank ?(A) A. K. Aiyar(B) H. Kunzru(C) H. V. Kamath(D) K. T. Shah

57. Who among the following waselected President of India withsecond preference votes ?

(A) Gyani Zail Singh(B) Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy(C) Zakir Hussain(D) V. V. Giri

58. Which of the following Articlesof Indian Constitution put limi-

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tation on Legislative powers ofParliament and State Legisla-tures ?(A) Article 13(B) Article 245(C) Article 246(D) All of the above

59. Which prominent leader hadopposed the Champaran Satya-grah of 1917 because it was ledby Mahatma Gandhi ?(A) N. G. Ranga(B) T. K. Madhavan(C) Champak Raman Pillai(D) E. M. S. Namboodiripad

60. Who among the following hasthe right to take part in theproceedings of both the Housesof the Parliament without beinga member of the Parliament ?(A) Solicitor-General of India(B) Attorney-General of India(C) Comptroller and AuditorGeneral of India(D) Chief Justice of India

61. The guardianship of IndianConstitution is vested in—(A) The President(B) The Cabinet(C) The Lok Sabha(D) The Supreme Court

62. “India that is Bharat, shall be aUnion of States.” The word‘Union’ is derived from theConstitution of—(A) U. S. A.(B) Switzerland(C) Canada(D) Australia

63. The President of India can beremoved from his office by—

(A) The Prime Minister(B) The Parliament(C) The Supreme Court(D) The Chief Election Com-missioner

64. A Federal Court was establishedin India under the Act of—(A) 1892 (B) 1909(C) 1919 (D) 1935

65. The Article of the Indian Consti-tution which empowers theParliament to regulate the rightof citizenship is—

(A) 8 (B) 9(C) 10 (D) 11

66. Which Article of the IndianConstitution provides for Ad-hocJudges in the Supreme Court ?(A) 124 (B) 125(C) 126 (D) 127

67. Which of the following decidesthe disputes regarding the elec-tion of the President of India ?(A) The Rajya Sabha(B) The Lok Sabha(C) The Supreme Court(D) The Chief Election Commis-sioner

68. Which of the following wordswere added to the Preamble ofthe Indian Constitution by the42nd Amendment ?(A) Republic, Sovereign(B) Secular, Democratic(C) Secular, Socialist(D) Democratic, Sovereign

69. While a resolution for theremoval of the Speaker of theLok Sabha is under considera-tion—1. The Speaker shall have right

to speak.2. He shall not preside.3. He shall be entitled to vote

only in the first instance.4. He shall not be present in the

House.Select your answer from thecodes—(A) 2 and 4 are correct(B) 1, 2, 3 are correct(C) Only 1 is correct(D) 2 and 3 are correct

70. Eleventh Schedule of the IndianConstitution is related with—(A) Anti-Defection Provisions(B) Indian Languages(C) Panchayati Raj(D) Union List, State List andConcurrent List

71. In Indian Federation the divisionof power in three lists has beenderived from—(A) U. S. A.(B) Canada(C) Australia(D) Government of India Act,1935

72. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context ofthese statements, select thecorrect answer from the codesmentioned below—

Assertion (A) : The PrimeMinister in the Indian Politicalsystem is very powerful.

Reason (R) : There is Parlia-mentary system of Governmentin India.

Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

73. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer fromthe codes given below—

List-I

(a) Poona Pact(b) August Proposal(c) Wardha Proposal(d) Wavell Plan

List-II

1. 8 August 1940

2. 14 July 1942

3. 4 June 1945

4. 26 September 1932Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 1 3 4(B) 4 1 2 3(C) 1 2 3 4(D) 3 4 1 2

74. Which Amendment of the IndianConstitution gave constitutionalstatus to Panchayati Raj System ?

(A) 71st (B) 72nd

(C) 73rd (D) 74th

75. Who among the following Cong-ress members rejected theMountbatten Plan ?

(A) J. B. Kripalani(B) G. B. Pant(C) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad(D) Sardar Patel

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76. In Which part of the IndianConstitution relations betweenthe Union and the States havebeen mentioned ?(A) Part X (B) Part XI(C) Part XIV (D) Part XV

77. What is true about the Governorof a State ?(A) He has no discretionarypower(B) Validity of his discretion canbe questioned(C) For his discretionary func-tions he is not responsible to thePresident(D) High Court may inquire intothe advice tendered by Ministersto the Governor

78. Which of the following Stateswas the first to establish thePanchayat Raj Institutions ?(A) Rajasthan(B) Maharashtra(C) Bihar(D) U. P.

79. The Constitutional Governmentmeans—(A) Government according tothe terms of the Constitution(B) Government based on therule of the law(C) A Democratic Government(D) All these

80. Under which Article of the IndianConstitution can the Parliamentlegislate on any subject in theState list ?(A) Article 229(B) Article 230(C) Article 248(D) Article 249

81. A constitutional reason to makethe centre strong in India is—(A) Directive Principles of StatePolicy(B) Centralised Planning(C) Zonal Councils(D) Union List

82. One common point of agreementbetween Indian and U.S. Fede-ralism is that—(A) Residuary powers belong tothe Centre(B) Residuary powers belong tothe States

(C) There is provision for con-current jurisdiction in certainmatters(D) The Supreme Court is thearbiter in the event of conflictbetween the Centre and the States

83. Which one of the followingqualifications is common toPresidential candidates in bothIndia and the U. S. A. ?(A) Citizenship(B) Minimum age(C) Residential requirement(D) Eligibility to become mem-ber of the popular house of thelegislature

84. Proclamation of Emergencyunder Article 352 of the Constitu-tion of India may be made by thePresident—(A) According to his own judge-ment(B) On the request of the LokSabha(C) On the recommendation ofthe Prime Minister(D) On the written advice of theCouncil of Ministers

85. The system of Judicial review isfound in—(A) Only in India(B) Only in Britain(C) Only in U.S.A.(D) In both India and U.S.A.

86. Who has referred Indian Federa-tion as ‘Paramount Federation’ ?(A) C. H. Alexandrowicz(B) M. P. Sharma(C) K. Santhanam(D) A. C. Banerjee

87. Dadabhai Naoroji has describedhis theory of ‘Drain of Wealth’ inthe book—

(A) Poverty and unBritish rulein India(B) Exploitative nature of BritishRule in India(C) British Rule and its con-sequences(D) Nature of British ColonialRule

88. Which one of the following state-ments is not correct ?(A) State is abstract but thegovernment is concrete

(B) Society is wider than theState(C) Government is the agent ofthe State(D) Membership of the State isoptional

89. “It is true that there is no Statewhere there is no over-rulingforce. But the exercise of forcedoes not make a State otherwisea pirate ship or the mutinousarmy would be a State.” Who hasmade this statement ?(A) Fredrick Angels(B) Robert MacIver(C) H. J. Laski(D) Max Weber

90. Which of the following thinkersdoes not regard territory as anessential element of the State ?

(A) Plato(B) Locke(C) Maotse Tung(D) Seeley

91. Who among the following opinesthat ‘public service’ and notsovereignty is the essentialcharacteristic of the State ?

(A) Otto Von Gierke(B) Leon Duguit(C) Ernest Barker(D) A. D. Lindsay

92. “The State is the product andmanifestation of the irreconci-libility of class antagonism.”Who holds the above view ?(A) Marx (B) Lenin(C) Bakunin (D) Stalin

93. The word ‘Polis’ relates to—(A) Police(B) Civil Administration(C) City State(D) Public opinion

94. “Liberty is increased whensovereignty is put into the righthands.” Who has made thisstatement ?

(A) Friedman(B) Hayek(C) I. Berlin(D) L. Strauss

95. Who among the following is,associated with ‘Civic-Sovere-ignty’ Theory ?

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(A) John Devey(B) John Strachy(C) R. H. Tawney(D) S. G. Hobson

96. Which one of the followingideologies considers politicalparty as ‘a vanguard of the socialclass’ ?(A) Idealism(B) Individualism(C) Fabianism(D) Marxism

97. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context ofthese statements, select thecorrect answer from the codesmentioned below—Assertion (A) : The concept ofsovereignty could not be deve-loped during Middle Ages.Reason (R) : The social systemduring the Middle Ages wasdecentralized and permeated byChristianity.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and

(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

98. Who among the following makesa distinction between society andstate ?(A) Pareto(B) MacIver(C) Bryce(D) Charles Merriam

99. Which pair is not correctlymatched ?(A) George Sorel —Syndicalism(B) Hegel —Individualism(C) G.D.H. Cole

—Guild socialism(D) Laski —Pluralism

100. Who among the following wasthe first to propound the Plura-listic Theory of Sovereignty ?(A) H. J. Laski(B) Jean Bodin(C) MacIver(D) Otto Von Gierke

101. Identify the correct chronologicalsequence of the following poli-tical philosophers.(A) Hobbes, Locke, Rousseauand Montesquieu(B) Hobbes, Rousseau, Montes-quieu and Locke(C) Locke, Hobbes, Montes-quieu and Rousseau(D) Hobbes, Locke, Montes-quieu and Rousseau

102. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context ofthese statements, select thecorrect answer from the codesmentioned below—Assertion (A) : According toMonists, the sovereignty issupreme, absolute and unlimi-ted.Reason (R) : In every full-fledgedor independent state, there is anultimate authority, an authorityfrom which there is no appeal.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and

(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

103. Who defined sovereignty as thesupreme authority which isindependent of any other earthlyauthority ?(A) Kelsen(B) Willoughby(C) Oppenheim(D) Bentham

104. The form of oath of office for aMinister for the Union in India isenshrined in—(A) First Schedule of the IndianConstitution(B) Second Schedule of theIndian Constitution(C) Third Schedule of the IndianConstitution(D) Fourth Schedule of theIndian Constitution

105. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer byusing the codes given below—

List-I(Author)

(a) Robert Nozick(b) D. L. Hobman(c) Titmuss(d) Alexander Entreaves

List-II(Book)

1. Essay on Welfare State2. The Welfare State3. Anarchy, State and Utopia4. The Notion of the State

Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 3 1 2 4(B) 3 2 1 4(C) 2 1 4 3(D) 4 2 3 1

106. Who among the followingthinkers made the statement that,“Covenant without sword arebut words and of no strength tosecure men at all.” ?(A) Pufendorf (B) Hobbes(C) Locke (D) Rousseau

107. Which theory advocates only‘night watchman role’ of theState ?

(A) Welfare State Theory(B) Liberal Theory(C) Socialist Theory(D) Idealist Theory

108. Who has said that a welfare stateis “a state that provides for itscitizens a wide range of socialservices” ?(A) G.D.H. Cole(B) H. J. Laski(C) Abraham(D) T. W. Kent

109. Who among the following hasmaintained that the modernliberal democratic state hasbecome an industrial state ?

(A) Galbraith(B) MacPherson(C) Keynes(D) Roosevelt

110. Which one of the following ideo-logies aims at the spiritualisationof Politics ?(A) Marxism (B) Socialism(C) Sarvodaya (D) Pluralism

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111. The term ‘Socialism’ was firstused by—(A) Robert Owen(B) Karl Marx(C) Lenin(D) Bernstein

112. Which of the following thinkersis associated with EvolutionarySocialism ?(A) Lenin (B) Gramsci(C) Bernstien (D) Engels

113. Given below are two statements,one is labelled as Assertion (A)and the other is labelled asReason (R). In the context ofthese statements, select thecorrect answer from the codesmentioned below—

Assertion (A) : The ‘positivelibralism’ assigns certain func-tions to the state to perform.

Reason (R) : It assigns state topromote the ‘social welfare’ ofthe society as a whole.

Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and(R) is the correct explanationof (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true,but (R) is not the correctexplanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

114. The best exposition of Liberalconcept of nature and functionsof the state is found in thewritings of—(A) John Locke(B) Karl Marx(C) Bernard Bosanquet(D) Norman Angel

115. Which of the following is acorrect statement ?(A) A welfare state has to be asocialist state(B) A capitalist state can also bea welfare state(C) A socialist state can be aliberal state(D) A liberal state must controlmeans of production

116. Regarding the functions of thestate, who among the followinghas used the phrase, “to hinderthe hindrances” ?

(A) Mill (B) Green

(C) Hobbes (D) Hegel

117. Which theory holds that, “theright of the personality is themost important right of theman” ?

(A) The Theory of Natural Rights

(B) The Legal Theory of Rights

(C) The Historical Theory ofRights

(D) The Idealistic Theory ofRights

118. Hobbes gives individual theright to disobey the sovereignfor—(A) Self preservation(B) Protection of Freedom(C) Removing oppression(D) Removing injustice

119. The credit for advocating thelegal theory of right goes to—(A) Austin (B) Locke(C) Barker (D) Laski

120. Who has remarked that, “Allrestraint qua restraints is an evil… leaving people to themselvesis always better than controllingthem” ?(A) Green (B) Mill(C) Barker (D) Popper

PART-II

General Studies

121. The Darghah of Shaikh Nizamud-din Auliya lies in—(A) Agra(B) Ajmer(C) Delhi(D) Fatehpur-Sikri

122. ‘Purna Swarajya’ was announcedin the Indian National CongressSession of—(A) Karachi (B) Lahore(C) Calcutta (D) Nagpur

123. Arrange the following events inthe chronological order andselect the correct answer fromthe codes given below—1. Non-cooperation movement.2. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.3. Gandhi’s Champaran Satya-

grah.4. Civil Disobedience Move-

ment.

Codes :

(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 3 4 1 2(C) 3 2 1 4(D) 1 2 4 3

124. “Indian Nationalism was thechild of the British Raj.” Whomade this statement ?(A) Bipin Chandra(B) R. Coupland(C) R. C. Majumdar(D) P. E. Roberts

125. The first President of theSovereign Constituent Assemblyfor the Dominion of India was—(A) C. Rajagopalachari(B) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad(C) Rajendra Prasad(D) Sachidananda Sinha

126. The Pakistan resolution wasadopted by the Muslim Leaguein—(A) February 1922(B) December 1928(C) March 1940(D) September 1944

127. Which one of the followingrights was described by B. R.Ambedkar as “The Heart andSoul of the Constitution” ?(A) Right of freedom of religion(B) Right to property(C) Right to equality(D) Right to constitutionalremedies

128. Whcih Article of the Constitu-tion of India lays down theprocedure for the amendment inthe Constitution ?(A) 348 (B) 358(C) 368 (D) 378

129. Under which Article of theConstitution of India SupremeCourt safeguards the funda-mental rights of the Indiancitizens ?(A) 74 (B) 56(C) 16 (D) 32

130. The President of India maydeclare National Emergency ifthere is threat of—1. External aggression2. Internal disturbances3. Armed rebellion4. Communal clashes

PD/December/2010/1090

Select the correct answer fromthe code given below—Codes :(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 2 and 3 only(C) 3 and 4 only(D) 1 and 3 only

131. Which one of the following is aDirective Principle of the StatePolicy ?(A) Uniform civil code(B) Freedom of the press(C) Freedom of the religion(D) Equality before law

132. Which city of Turkey is the‘Gateway to the West’ ?(A) Ankara (B) Adana(C) Izmir (D) Istanbul

133. Falkland current flows alongthe—(A) Eastern coast of Australia(B) Western coast of SouthAfrica(C) Eastern coast of Argentina(D) Eastern coast of Japan

134. Which one of the following pairsis correctly matched ?(A) Cyprus – Baghdad(B) Lebanon – Beirut(C) Turkey – Ashgabat(D) Ukraine – Akmola

135. Bosporus strait connects—(A) Black Sea and Aegean Sea(B) Black Sea and Mediterra-nean Sea(C) Adriatic Sea and Mediterra-nean Sea(D) Black Sea and Sea ofMarmara

136. The largest producer of petro-leum in the world is—(A) Kuwait(B) Iran(C) Saudi Arabia(D) Russia

137. India played its 100th CricketTest Match with—(A) Australia(B) South Africa(C) West Indies(D) Sri Lanka

138. Dada Sahab Phalke Award 2007was given to—(A) Lata Mangeshkar(B) Kishore Kumar

(C) Manna Dey(D) Mohammad Rafi

139. Tsunami killed hundreds ofpeople in September 2009 in—(A) Hawaii Islands(B) Marshall Islands(C) Samoa Islands(D) Norfolk Islands

140. The winner of the Durand Cup2009 is—(A) Churchill Brothers(B) East-Bengal Club(C) Mahindra United(D) Mohun Bagan

141. The name of the new researchstation being set-up in Antarcticaby India is—(A) Dakshin Gangotri(B) Bharti(C) Dakshinayan(D) Maitri

142. The working of a jet engine isbased upon the conservationof—(A) Mass(B) Energy(C) Linear momentum(D) Angular momentum

143. The law of planetary motion wereenunciated by—(A) Newton (B) Keplar(C) Galileo (D) Copernicus

144. Leprosy is caused by—(A) Bacteria (B) Virus(C) Fungus (D) Protozoa

145. The gaseous pollutant respon-sible for acid rain is—(A) Carbon dioxide(B) Methane(C) Ammonia(D) Sulphur dioxide

146. The unit of heredity in our bodyis called—(A) Chromosome(B) DNA(C) Gene(D) Nucleus

147. Who among the followingPakistani national was awarded‘Bharat Ratna’ by the IndianGovernment ?(A) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan(B) Liaqat Ali Khan

(C) M. A. Jinnah(D) Muhammad Iqbal

148. ‘Ashtadhyayi’ was written by—(A) Vedavyas(B) Panini(C) Shukadeva(D) Valmiki

149. The number of Puranas is—(A) 16 (B) 18(C) 19 (D) 21

150. Which of the following MughalEmperors granted duty-freetrading facilities to the English inBengal ?(A) Akbar(B) Jahangir(C) Bahadur Shah(D) Farrukhsiyar

Answers

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1091

Economic

MADHYA PRADESH P.S.C. (Pre.) EXAM., 2009

(Held on 9-5-2010)

Solved Paper

1. After economic reforms povertyreduction rate has been in post-1991 period as compared toearlier period—

(A) There has been no change

(B) Reduction rate has increased

(C) Has decreased as comparedto earlier period

(D) None of the above

2. Which of the following is notnecessary for poverty removal ?

(A) Increase in agriculturalproduction

(B) Spread of education

(C) Increase in health facilities

(D) Environment

3. Privatisation in education andhealth services became necessarybecause—

(A) Insufficient expenditure bythe government

(B) Inefficiency of governmentfacilities

(C) Increase in demand for bothby the public

(D) All of the above factors

4. Which of the following is neces-sary for price discrimination ?

(A) To face outside competition

(B) To earn more profit

(C) To have different elasticitiesof demand in different markets

(D) All of the above

5. Environmental costs are notincluded in our cost calculationbecause— (Which of the follow-ing factors is not related ?)

(A) Whole society, not theindividual alone, bear these costs

(B) Individual fails to realisethese

(C) If individual attempts these,whole society benefits

(D) Appropriate technology isnot available

6. Which of the following factors isunrelated to fall in ground-watertable in M.P. ?

(A) Increase in irrigation fromground-water sources

(B) Non-construction of tanksfor maintaining water table(C) Government did not payattention to increase surfacewater irrigation(D) Decrease in rainfall level inthese years

7. Types of inflation is/are—(A) Creeping inflation(B) Walking inflation(C) Running inflation(D) All of these

8. Which of the following deve-lopment processes is most appro-priate ?

(A) Which benefits certainregions only

(B) Which benefits every personof the country

(C) Which leads to too muchincrease in imports

(D) Which force the populationof the country to migrate

9. Which of the following is notamong the functions of money ?(A) Medium of exchange(B) Store of value(C) Shopping with credit card(D) Measure of value

10. The following factors are res-ponsible for the fall in externalvalue of rupee—

(A) Withdrawal of foreigninvestor from the Indian ShareMarket

(B) Fall in prices in America

(C) Decrease in the amount sentby non-resident Indian

(D) All of the above

11. The growth rate in agriculture inIndia—

(A) Has decreased from 3·3 per-cent to 1·5 per cent(B) Has increased from 1·5 percent to 3·3 per cent(C) Both the above(D) None of the above state-ments is true

12. The percentage of landlesslabourers in rural India is—(A) Increasing with time(B) Decreasing with time(C) No change with time(D) None of these

13. The following pairs of statesindicate the highest and thelowest sex ratio in 2001. Which iscorrect ?(A) Tamil Nadu and Punjab(B) Andhra and Kashmir(C) Kerala and Haryana(D) Kerala and U.P.

14. The following pairs of statesrepresent the lowest and thehighest religious sex ratio in2001. Which pair is correct ?(A) Sikhs and Jains(B) Sikhs and Christians(C) Jains and Hindus(D) Jains and Muslims

15. Which formula is correct aboutcalculating the percentage ofschool-going children in India ?

(A)

Students studying inclass 1 to 5 in 6-10

years age groupTotal population of

6-10 years age group

× 1001

(B)

No. of children inthe age group

6-10 yearsNo. of students study-

ing in primaryschools

× 1001

(C)

No. of the students studyingin any class in 6-10

years age groupTotal population of 6-10

years age group

× 1001

(D) None of the above

PD/December/2010/1092

16. What is the percentage of ruralworking population in 1991-2001 ?(A) Increased in case of femalesbut decreased in males(B) Increased in case of malesbut decreased in females(C) Increased in both, males andfemales(D) Decreased in both, malesand females

17. The highest populous state inIndia is—(A) U. P.(B) Bihar(C) Chhattisgarh(D) Himachal Pradesh

18. National Rural EmploymentGuarantee Scheme is beingimplemented through—

(A) District Administration

(B) Panchayati Raj Institutions

(C) Through special authoritiesspecially appointed for it

(D) Rural engineering depart-ment

19. For retrenchment, governmentpermission is necessary if—(A) The unit has 100 or morelabourers(B) The unit has more than 500labourers(C) The unit has more than 50labourers(D) It is necessary for everyindustrial unit

20. Which of the following state-ments relating to risks for thefarmers is true ?

(A) Big farmers have to facegreater weather and marketrelated risk

(B) Small farmers have lessmarket related risk

(C) Small farmers have lessweather related risk

(D) Small farmers have to facehigher both market and weatherrelated risks

21. Which of the following objectivesof self-help groups is incorrect ?(A) Collective action to increaseincome(B) To join mainstreameconomy

(C) To increase bargainingpower(D) To achieve objectives indivi-dually which cannot be achievedcollectively

22. Which of the following state-ments is wrong ?(A) Dependence of small andmarginal farmers on non-insti-tutional credit is the highest(B) With increase in size ofholding dependence on non-institutional sources decreases(C) Dependence of large far-mers on non-institutional creditis least(D) None of the above state-ments is correct

23. Our rate of growth has beenmore than 8 per cent during last3 years, which benefited mostly :(Which statement is correct ?)(A) Poor class(B) Only rich persons(C) Rich and higher middleincome group(D) Only middle income group

24. If the total cost of producing 400units is Rs. 4,000 and totalvariable cost is Rs. 2,600, thenper unit fixed cost will be—(A) Rs. 10 (B) Rs. 3·50(C) Rs. 40 (D) Rs. 6·50

25. Marginal cost can be obtainedby—(A) TCn – TCn – 1

(B) TCn + TCn + 1

(C) ACn – ACn – 1

(D) ACn + ACn + 1

26. During these years of liberalisa-tion—(A) There has been increase inproductivity of labour butdecrease in the share in nationalincome(B) Productivity of labour andtheir share in national income,both have decreased(C) There has been no increasein productivity of labour andtheir share in national income(D) The productivity of labourand their share in nationalincome, both have decreasedWhich of above statement iscorrect ?

27. During these years about 1 lacfarmers have taken resort tosuicide. What is the reason ?(A) Increase in fluctuation inprices due to imports(B) Increasing indebtedness(C) Increase in cost of produc-tion(D) There has been increase tosuicide cases in general popu-lation

28. The share of small savingschemes of Post-Offices innational savings has decreaseddue to—(A) Rate of interest has beenless on these(B) Banks and others haveincreased interest rate(C) Post offices have decreasedinterest rates in this period(D) The number of post officeshave decreasedWhich of the above causes is notcorrect ?

29. Because of adoption of neo-liberal policies, there has been—(A) Increase in regional dispari-ties(B) Distribution of personalincome became more unequal(C) Disparity between progres-sive states and backward stateshas increased(D) Backward states were givenbetter opportunities to develop

Which of the above statements isnot correct ?

30. In which of the following statesthe Bhilai Steel Plant is situated ?(A) M. P.(B) Chhattisgarh(C) Rajasthan(D) Bihar

31. Marketisation has—

(A) Given equal opportunity tocompete for all

(B) It works in favour of richpeople

(C) It works in favour of poors(D) All classes are affectedequally

32. Which of the following group ofcountries indicates from low tohigh growth rate countries ?

PD/December/2010/1093

(A) America, Russia, India,China(B) India, China, America,Russia(C) China, India, Russia,America(D) China, America, India,Russia

33. Which of the following reasonsis the greatest obstacle inapplying compulsory educationin 6-14 years ?(A) Poverty(B) Ignorance about impor-tance of education(C) Scarcity of schools(D) Lack of interest in educationamong children

34. In U.S.A. and other developedcountries, depression is spread-ing fast. The effect of the sameon Indian economy—

(A) Will be equally

(B) Will be too much sinceIndia is a developing country

(C) Will be relatively less(D) Will be no effect on India

35. The percentage of malnutritionamong the children in M. P.according to National FamilyHealth Survey no. 1, 2 and 3 is—(A) 50 per cent, 45 per cent and40 per cent(B) 47 per cent, 54 per cent and60 per cent(C) 60 per cent, 54 per cent and47 per cent(D) None of the above

36. Factors behind increasing popu-larity of irrigation from groundwater are—

(A) All the farmers haveopportunity to avail it

(B) Government encouragesloans for wells and tube-wells

(C) Irrigated area from surfaceirrigation has increased slowly

(D) Per hactare consumption ofelectricity is less than surfaceirrigation

Which of the above causes is notcorrect ?

37. How much percentage of work-ing population is working in theunorganised sector in India ?

(A) 86·3 (B) 40·5(C) 25·3 (D) 66·0

38. Whichof the following state-ments is incorrect ?(A) Infant mortality rate inIndia has decreased(B) Percentage of anaemicchildren has decreased(C) Percentage of fully immu-nised children has increased(D) Maternal mortality rate hasdecreased

39. According to budget proposalsfor 2008-09 the fiscal deficitshould be 2·5 per cent of G.D.P.It is going to be higher because—(A) Implementation of recom-mendations of 6th Pay Commis-sion(B) Expenditure of Rs. 25,000crores under loan waver schemefor farmers this year(C) Decrease in income fromimport duty on oil due todecrease in international oilprices(D) Income from direct taxeshas shown decreasing tendencyWhich of the above causes is notcorrect ?

40. Under National Rural Employ-ment Guarantee Scheme guaran-tee is provided for—

(A) One person in the family for100 days in a year

(B) Every person for 100 daysin the family in a year

(C) One person in the family forthe whole year(D) Every person for the wholeyearWhich of the above statements iscorrect ?

41. These days there has been vastfluctuation in Rupee price ofDollar, because—(A) Uncertainty about exportsincreases(B) There is increase in importcosts(C) Adverse impact on foreignexchange reserves(D) There is no effect on import-exportWhich of the above statements isnot correct ?

42. In India, coal is the main sourceof energy. Which of the follow-ing statements is wrong ?

(A) There is increase in percen-tage of CO2 in the atmosphere

(B) Adversely affect on theenvironment

(C) Contribute towards increasein temperature

(D) There is no decrease orincrease in carbon dioxide in theatmosphere

43. There has been around 10 percent increase in price index thisyear. Among the causes givenbelow which is not correct ?(A) In India and the world, foodgrain prices have increased

(B) In cement, steel etc., indus-tries cartels have been formed

(C) There has been speculationincrease in the economy

(D) There has decrease in theproduction of food grains

44. Which of the following state-ments is correct ?

(A) The growth rate of indus-trial sector in 1981-82 to 1990-91was 6·5 per cent and in 1991-92to 2007-08 was 6·0 per cent

(B) In both periods i.e., 1981-82to 1990-91 and 1991-92 to 2007-08, the growth rate of industrialsector was 6 per cent

(C) In both periods i.e., in 1981-82 to 1990-91 and 1991-92 to2007-08, the industrial growthrate was 6·5 per cent

(D) Growth rate of industrialsector was 6 per cent in 1981-82to 1990-91 which increased to 6·5per cent in 1991-92 to 2007-08period

45. Which of the following state-ments is correct ?

(A) The percentage of femalesengaged in primary sector ismore than the males

(B) The percentage of femalesengaged in primary sector is lessthan males

(C) The percentage of femalesengaged in tertiary sector ismore than the males

(D) The percentage of femalesin tertiary sector is zero

PD/December/2010/1094

46. Which of the following conceptsis associated with Lord J. M.Keynes ?(A) Control of Money SupplyTheory(B) Liquidity Preference Theoryof Interest(C) Indifference Curve Analysis(D) Marginal Utility Theory

47. When rate of inflation increases—

(A) Purchasing power of moneyincreases(B) Purchasing power of moneydecreases(C) Purchasing power remainsunaffected(D) None of the above is correct

48. These days, there has been atendency among industrialists toget the work done by givingcontracts because—(A) They get relieved fromlabour laws(B) They implement labour laws(C) This tendency has nothingto do with labour laws(D) None of the above

49. After adoption of neo-liberalpolicies in 1991, the governmenthas taken many steps to increasethe role of the market. Which ofthe following is not related withthis policy ?

(A) Started future trading inmany commodities

(B) Decrease the number ofcommodities under price controlby Govt.

(C) Make the Indian economyopen

(D) Fixing minimum prices ofagricultural commodities

50. In spite of present depression,there has been no bank failuresin India like other countries.Which of the following reasonsis wrong ?

(A) These are less controlled bythe Reserve Bank(B) Invested in risk free govern-ment securities(C) Examines the credit ratingof the borrower(D) The share of public sectorbanks in the banking sector isless

51. Many states in last years haveintroduced user charges in publichospitals because of that—

(A) The difference between thetreatment cost in private andpublic hospitals has decreased

(B) The treatment cost of poorshas increased

(C) Percentage of patients tak-ing treatment in public hospitalshas come down

(D) The treatment cost in publichospitals has decreased

Which of the above statements isnot correct ?

52. The rate of growth of Indianeconomy during last three yearshas been 8 per cent. At this ratethe G.N.P. will be double in—(A) 12 years (B) 9 years(C) 15 years (D) 10 years

53. For equitable development it isnecessary that—

(A) Proportionate benefit to allclasses

(B) Main benefit goes to richpersons

(C) Main benefit goes to poorpersons

(D) Main benefit goes to middleclasses

54. Bank rate in India is determinedby—(A) Government(B) Commercial Banks(C) Reserve Bank of India(D) Cooperative Banks

55. The economy will be in equili-brium if—(A) I = S (B) Y > C(C) I > C (D) I < C

56. The factors affecting the elasticityof demand of a commodity are—

(A) Availability of substitutes

(B) Possibility of postponingconsumption

(C) Share of expenditure in thetotal budget

(D) Whether the person is edu-cated or uneducated

Which of the above factors iswrong ?

57. The biggest producer of Soybeanis—

(A) Madhya Pradesh(B) Rajasthan(C) U. P.(D) Maharashtra

58. The biggest producer of gram inIndia is—(A) Maharashtra(B) U. P.(C) M. P.(D) None of these states

59. The function of money is/are—(A) Medium of exchange(B) Measure of value(C) Store of value(D) All of these

60. The main factor behind theincrease in global temperature isthe emission of CO2 is greaterthan the earth’s capacity toabsorb it. The share in totalemission of CO2 is the highestof—(A) China(B) India(C) America(D) Soviet Russia

61. “The utility from a bundle ofgoods will be maximum whenthe marginal utility of each com-modity is equal to the pricemutiplied by the marginal utilityof money.” This was stated by—(A) Marshall(B) Adam Smith(C) Hicks(D) None of these

62. When relative change in demandis equal to change in price, theprice elasticity of demand willbe—(A) Unit(B) Less than one(C) Greater than one(D) Infinity

63. Suppose money income in theyear 2000 was 5 lakh, whichincreased 10 lakh in the year2 0 0 8 . But during the sameperiod, there was a priceincrease of 20 per cent. T h e nincrease in real income was—(A) 8·33 lakh(B) 3·33 lakh(C) 5 lakh(D) None of these

PD/December/2010/1095

64. To obtain maximum satisfaction,the following equation must besatisfy

f1f2

= P1P2

,

where f1 and f2 indicate marginalutility and P1 and P2 indicatestheir prices.(A) Above equation is correct(B) Above equation is wrong(C) Above equation indicatesminimum, not maximum satis-faction(D) None of the above

65. Inferior goods means—(A) When demand remains con-stant, though price increased(B) When demand decreaseswith increase in price(C) When demand decreaseswith decrease in price(D) Demand remains the samewith decrease in price

66. There are some misconceptionsabout monopoly. Which one ofthe following ?(A) Monopoly firm tries to earnmaximum profit(B) Monopoly firm alwaysearns profit(C) Marginal income of mono-poly firm is equal to marginalcost(D) None of the above

67. The value of multiplier is equalto—

(A) K = 1

1 – ΔCΔY

(B) K = 1 – 1ΔC

(C) K = 1MPC + MPS

(D) K = 1 – MPS1 – MPC

68. Which of the following state-ments is true ?(A) Product differentiation isnot necessary in monopolisticcompetition(B) Monopolistic competitionnormally requires productdifferentiation(C) There is no reaction fromothers if one under monopolisticcompetition decreases price(D) With perfect elastic demand,price decrease under monopolis-tic competition decreases totalrevenue

69. Equilibrium means—(A) No tendency to change withtime(B) Changes in all variableswith time(C) Other combinations of vari-able represent better situation(D) Change in one variable,others remaining constant

70. Gross national product is equalto—(A) Gross national product –Import(B) GDP + Net Factor Incomefrom abroad(C) Gross domestic product +Imports(D) Gross national product +Exports

71. Entrepreneurial activity is per-formed—(A) By rich persons(B) Who works under condi-tions of certainty(C) Who works only on the basisof past experiences(D) Who works under condi-tions of uncertainty

72. Which of the following isincluded in Macro-economics ?(A) Equilibrium of the firm(B) Price determination of acommodity(C) Trade cycle theory(D) Price determination of LPGin India

73. Trade off means—(A) Simultaneous increase intwo variables(B) Increase in one variable,keeping the other constant(C) Decrease in other variablewith increase of one(D) None of the above

74. Which of the following repre-sents equilibrium ?

TotalNatio-

nalInco-me

TotalCon-sum-tion

Reali-sedSav-ing

Plan-ned

Invest-ment

(A) 600 500 100 75(B) 500 425 75 75(C) 400 350 50 75(D) 700 550 150 75

75. In a country in which the demandfor land is greater than thesupply—(A) There will be no price formarginal land(B) Marginal land will alsohave price(C) Only fertile land will haveprice(D) There will be no price evenfor fertile land

76. A firm will suffer loss—(A) If the price is less thanaverage fixed cost + averagevariable cost(B) If the price is less thanvariable cost(C) If the price is less thanaverage fixed cost(D) If the price is more thanaverage fixed cost + averagevariable cost

77. If the amount of 100 crore isinvested in an economy and ifmarginal propensity to consumeis 0·8, then increase in nationalincome will be—(A) 80 crore(B) 300 crore(C) 500 crore(D) None of these

78. The great depression of thirtiesgave birth to the theory of—

(A) Say’s law of market

(B) Full employment equilib-rium

(C) That real wages determinethe supply of labour

(D) Keynesian theory of Employ-ment

79. If the total cost of production of400 units is Rs. 8,000 and of 399units is Rs. 7,990, then theproduction is under—

(A) Law of Increasing Returnsto the Scale

(B) Law of Decreasing Returnsto Scale

(C) Law of Constant Returns toScale(D) None of the above

80. Inflation in India is measuredby—(A) Change in wholesale priceindex

PD/December/2010/1096

(B) Increase in currency incirculation(C) Change in retail price index(D) Credit created by the banks

81. Income from taxes is divided—(A) States’s income from taxesis shared by Centre(B) Income of some taxes of theCentre is shared by States(C) States and the Centre haveindependent sources of incomeand no sharing(D) None of the above

82. Central Bank in India is—(A) Central Bank of India(B) State Bank of India(C) Bank of India(D) Reserve Bank of India

83. Which of the following does notcome under Macro-economics ?

(A) Employment theory

(B) Price determination of LPGin India(C) Theory of depression(D) Functions of Central Bankin India

84. Macro-economics suffers from—

(A) All theories are influencedby generalisation

(B) The analysis employs thetechnique of partial analysis

(C) Deals with large quantities

(D) Relates to determination oftotal employment and totalincome

85. The movement from non-Paretoto Pareto equilibrium is desirablebecause—

(A) It increases the productionof first commodity withoutadversely affecting the produc-tion of second

(B) It increases the productionof second commodity more thanit decreases the production offirst

(C) It increases the productionof first commodity more than itdecreases the production ofsecond one

(D) None of the above

86. Inflation means—(A) When the prices of neces-sities increase

(B) When the general priceincreases for a long period(C) When there is a seasonalfluctuation in prices(D) When the prices of luxuriesincrease

87. Speculative Demand for moneyand Interest rate are related—(A) Inverse relationship(B) Direct relationship(C) No relationship in these(D) None of these

88. When the demand for moneyincreases for investment—(A) Will decrease the multipliereffect(B) Adversely affect the con-sumption(C) Interest rate will remainunchanged(D) The increase in interest ratewill depend upon the slope ofinvestment curve

89. Disinflation means—

(A) When increase in prices inthe long run

(B) When the prices increasedue to export

(C) When the increase in pricesis more than average(D) When increased pricesdecrease

90. Transaction demand curve formoney—(A) It is parallel to X-axis(B) It moves upward withincome(C) It moves downward(D) None of these

91. If any firm uses only two factorsof production, namely labour (L)and capital (K), which of thefollowing equations representminimum cost of production ?

(A)MPPL

PL =

MPPKPK

(B) MPPL × PL = MPPK × PK

(C) MRPL = MRPK

(D) MPPL = MPPK

92. Devaluation of money means—(A) Decrease in purchasingpower of money(B) Increase in purchasingpower of money

(C) Decrease in external valueof money(D) None of the above

93. Money supply could beincreased when—

(A) Central Bank purchasesgovernment securities

(B) Central Bank sells govern-ment securities

(C) Cash-reserve ratio of banksis increased

(D) Commercial Banks increasethe amount deposited with Cen-tral Bank

94. Minimum wage should be deter-mined—(A) Less than prevailing wagerates(B) Higher than equilibriumrate in the market(C) Minimum Physical andSocial needs may be fulfilled(D) None of the above

95. Pigou’s concept of equilibriumfirm is a—

(A) Completely new concept,having nothing to do withMarshallian representative firm

(B) Revised version ofMarshallian representative firm

(C) Marshall’s representativefirm is a revised version ofPigou’s equilibrium firm

(D) None of the above

96. Under monopolistic competition,excess capacity means—

(A) Excess capacity under thecondition of making loss

(B) Difference between profitmaximising production andminimum cost production

(C) Optimum and maximumprofit giving production differ-ence between the two

(D) None of the above

97. Law of Variable Proportionsmeans—

(A) Simultaneous change in theproportion of inputs

(B) Keeping one input constantwhile changing others

(C) Reducing other inputs andincreasing only one input

(D) None of the above

PD/December/2010/1097

98. Under monopolistic competitionin long run—(A) Firm will always earn mono-poly profit(B) Firm might earn normalprofit only(C) Firm will always earn nor-mal profit(D) None of the above

99. Bankers’ Bank in India is—(A) International MonetaryFund(B) World Bank(C) Industrial DevelopmentBank of India(D) Reserve Bank of India

100. The ratio of exchange betweentwo goods in the indifferencecurve analysis is shown by—(A) Price line(B) Price-consumption curve(C) Income consumption curve(D) From indifference curve

101. Balance of Payment means—

(A) The account of import-export of any country

(B) Holding of foreign exchangeand gold

(C) The account of internationaltrade and financial transactions

(D) The account of foreignexchange received or paid forimport and export only

102. Which of the following nationshas the lowest growth rate ?(A) China(B) U.S.A.(C) India(D) Soviet Russia

103. Which of the following attributesis related to developed coun-tries ?

(A) High rate of increase inpopulation

(B) Large share of agriculturalsector in national income

(C) High level of per capitaincome

(D) Low level of expenditure onsocial services such as health andeducation

104. Which of the following state-ments is not related to flexiblerate of exchange ?

(A) Needs much governmentalintervention(B) They automatically equili-brate the balance of trade(C) There is scope for commoncommercial plans(D) The cost of management ofthese is less

105. The assumption under monopo-listic competition price determi-nation are given below, which isnot correct ?(A) If any firm reduces price,sooner or latter other firms willalso reduce(B) There is only price competi-tion

(C) Cost curves of all producersof the group are the same

(D) Other firms will not reduceprice even in the long run

106. When production cost is zero,the price determination undermonopoly will be such that totalincome is maximum.

(A) This statement is correct

(B) This statement is half-truth

(C) This statement is wrong

(D) The marginal income will bepositive in this situation

107. Appropriate measure of econo-mic development is—

(A) Rate of increase in income

(B) Improvement in HumanDevelopment Index

(C) Decrease in the poverty percentage only

(D) None of the above

108. Balanced development means—

(A) All the sectors of the eco-nomy develop at the same rate

(B) All the sectors of the eco-nomy should develop

(C) Only agriculture and indus-try should develop

(D) None of the above

109. If we want to compare the percapita income level of twocountries, which of the followingis appropriate ?

(A) Compare income usingexchange rate

(B) Compare income on thebasis of purchasing power parity

(C) Comparing exports of thetwo countries

(D) None of the above

110. In India, the right to impose taxon agricultural income is vestedinto—(A) State governments(B) Central government(C) Both of these(D) None of these

111. In the development process,which is unrelated ?(A) Impact on environment(B) Impact on health(C) Public participation(D) Impact on religious activities

112. Corporation tax in India is—

(A) Tax on production by com-panies

(B) Tax on the sales income ofthe companies

(C) Tax on net income of thecompanies

(D) None of the above

113. The limits of growth of a nationis determined by—

(A) Its population

(B) Its capital resources

(C) The health of the population

(D) Its natural resources

114. Which of the following is notrelated to developing countries ?

(A) Too much population

(B) Ample capital resources

(C) Low level of per capitaincome

(D) Too much dependence onagriculture

115. The whole world is passingthrough food crisis. Some causesfor the same are given below,which one is unrelated ?

(A) Production of Biodiesel fromfood-grains

(B) Increase in per capita con-sumption in countries such asIndia and China

(C) Wastage before food-grainsreach consumer

(D) Decrease in food-grain areadue to diversion of land forcommercial

PD/December/2010/1098

116. The following changes in popu-lation structure take place withdevelopment, which of thefollowing is unrelated ?(A) Increase in the share of 0-15years age group(B) Increase in average age(C) Increase in life-style diseases(D) None of the above

117. Expenditure on public healthservices is (in per cent of GDP)—(A) 1·2% (B) 3·4%(C) 6·0% (D) 4·0%

118. We have completed 58 years ofplanned development, the majorfailure of this has been—(A) Failure to increase income(B) Failure in increasing exports(C) Insufficient increase ineducation(D) Failure in poverty eradica-tion

119. Employment opportunities afterliberalisation compared toearlier—(A) Have decreased(B) In rural India have increased(C) In urban India haveincreased(D) Have increased in rural andurban India

120. The contribution of agriculture inIndia’s national income is—(A) 18 per cent(B) 33 per cent(C) 40 per cent(D) 27 per cent

Answers with Hints

PD/December/2010/1099

Management

UGC-NET/JRF EXAM., 2007

(Held in December 2007)

(Based on Memory)

Solved Paper

Note : This paper contains fifty(50) multiple-choice questions, eachquestion carrying two marks. Attemptall of them.1. In demand forecasting, impor-

tant method used in trend projec-tion is—(A) Scientific method(B) Bax-Jenkin method(C) Delphi method(D) Logistics method

2. The Cobb Dauglass ProductionFunction is often used as—(A) ϕ = AKa Lb

(B) ϕ = AKa L1 – a

(C) log ϕ = a log K + log C(D) ϕ = Aba – La

3. Skimming price for a new pro-duct is—(A) Low initial price(B) Average price(C) High initial price(D) Moderate price

4. Under monopoly market struc-ture, the degree of freedom inpricing decision is—(A) Very low (B) Quite good(C) Very high (D) Zero

5. Capital budgeting decisions aregenerally—(A) Irreversible(B) Reversible(C) Irrevocable(D) Revocable

6. Which one is not the pre-requisiteof a perfect market ?(A) Existence of large number ofbuyers and sellers in the market(B) Free flow of market infor-mation among the players(C) Free entry and free exit(D) Intervention of the Govern-ment

7. The term emotion refers to—(A) A broad range of feelingsthat a person experiences

(B) A broad and intense feelingthat is directed at someone orsomething(C) A broad range of feelings inthe form of anger that a personexperiences(D) None of the above

8. The term job satisfaction refersto—(A) A collection of feelings thatan individual has towards his/her job(B) The degree to which an indi-vidual indentifies himself/her-self with job(C) The degree to which an indi-vidual identifies himself/herselfwith the organisation(D) None of the above

9. The following are the three com-ponents of creativity—(A) Expertise, creativity skillsand task motivation(B) Expertise, innovation andrationality(C) Expertise, rationality andrelevance(D) Expertise, novelty and per-formance

10. Two-factor theory was pro-pounded by—(A) Fredrick Herzberg(B) David Mc Clelland(C) Mc Cardhy(D) Philip Kotler

11. ‘Grape Wine’ is the term used inrelation to—(A) Formal Communication(B) Informal Communication(C) Horizontal Communication(D) Vertical Communication

12. Mutual cooperation and net-working is—(A) Win-win strategy(B) Networking strategy(C) Franchise strategy(D) Competitive strategy

13. A list of Jobs duties, Responsi-bilities, Reporting Relationshipsand Working Conditions iscalled—(A) Job enhancement(B) Job specification(C) Job description(D) Job enlargement

14. The use of predesigned set ofquestions used in an interviewprocess leads to—(A) Behavioural interview(B) Situational interview(C) Non-directional interview(D) Structured interview

15. One of the following is a Train-ing, provided to enhance deci-sion making skills—(A) On the job training(B) Behavioural modelling(C) Management games(D) Action learning

16. Dramatic reduction of man-power, is called—(A) Termination(B) Retrenchment(C) Downsizing(D) Rightsizing

17. Monitoring employees through apreplanned series of position, iscalled—(A) Promotion(B) Succession planning(C) Job reporting(D) Job rotation

18. A situation where managementis unable to provide employmentdue to non-availability of work,is called—(A) Lock out (B) Lay off(C) Termination (D) Closure

19. The basic goal of financial mana-gement is—(A) Maximising the profit(B) Maximising shareholders’wealth in the long run

PD/December/2010/1100

(C) Maximising the rate ofdividend(D) Minimising the business risk

20. The pricnipal value of a bond iscalled—(A) Coupon rate(B) Par value(C) Maturity value(D) Market value

21. Trade credit is a—(A) Negotiated source of finance(B) Hybrid source of finance(C) Spontaneous source offinance(D) Source of credit from theowners of the business

22. IRR is the rate of interest—(A) Equal to the cost of capitalof the proposal(B) Prevailing rate of interest inthe market(C) Paid on the bonds by thefirm(D) That makes the NPV ofcapital proposal almost zero

23. Mutually exclusive investmentproposals are those—(A) Wherein the acceptance ofone proposal leads to rejection ofall other proposals(B) That require special sourcesof financing(C) That have unique features(D) That reduce the total riskcomplexion of the firm

24. The technique used for classify-ing inventory according to thevalue of usage is called—(A) XYZ Analysis(B) DCF Analysis(C) ABC Analysis(D) DEF Analysis

25. When a consumer derives moresatisfaction from a product/ser-vice than his expectation, it isknown as—(A) Consumer satisfaction(B) Consumer delight(C) Consumer dazzling(D) Consumer dissatisfaction

26. Classical conditioning is asso-ciated with—(A) Repetition(B) Generalisation(C) Discrimination(D) All of these

27. The process of selecting, organ-ising and interpreting or attach-ing meaning to events happeningin the environment, is called—(A) Perception (B) Attitude(C) Personality (D) Learning

28. Under which concept of market-ing, customer remains focussed ?(A) Marketing (B) Production(C) Product (D) Selling

29. Segmentation of consumersbased on factors like climatic con-ditions and regions, are knownas—(A) Demographic segmentation(B) Cultural segmentation(C) Geographic segmentation(D) Administrative segmenta-tion

30. Which city is more favourable forselling electric blankets ?(A) Mumbai (B) Chennai(C) Shillong (D) Pune

31. Decision on plant layout andlocation are concerned with—(A) System design(B) System operations(C) System control(D) None of the above

32. Production system which enablesfor maximising the scale advan-tage is—(A) Flow type(B) Intermittent type(C) Batch type(D) None of the above

33. Which one of the following is theobjective of production schedul-ing ?(A) Where to start the operation(B) When to start the operation(C) How to start the operation(D) When to start as well as stopthe operation

34. SQC requires determination of—(A) Quality tolerance limit(B) Quantity measurement(C) Production lead time(D) Inventory carrying cost

35. AQL (Acceptable Quality Level)is—(A) Maximum No. of defectivesthat the consumer will accept(B) Fraction defective (f) that theuser considers acceptable

(C) Fraction defective (f) that theproducer considers acceptable(D) Maximum No. of defectivesthat the producer will allow

36. Half percent of the letters mailedin a city have incorrect address.Out of 200 such letters mailed ina day the probability of findingat most 3 incorrect addresses is—

(A) 3 eδ

(B) 83 e– 1

(C) 16 6– 1 (D) 5

2 e– 1

37. If the independent variables xi(i = 1, 2, … n) are normally distri-buted about a common mean, awith a common variance σ, theirmean is also normally distributedabout a, but with a variance.(A) nσ2 (B) σ2/n

(C) (σ2)n (D) σn/2

38. The two lines of regression are3x + 2y = 26 and 6x + y = 31, thenthe mean of x is—(A) 3 (B) 4(C) 7 (D) 9

39. Chi-square distribution is—(A) Continuous(B) Multimodal(C) Symmetrical(D) None of the above

40. Mode of process in Decision Sup-port System is—(A) Batch (B) Online(C) Offline (D) Real Time

41. Which level of managers translatethe corporate strategy into con-crete objectives for their indi-vidual business ?(A) Corporate level(B) Multi-business level(C) Functional level(D) Business level

42. Which of the following bookswas not written by Michael E.Porter ?(A) Competitive strategy(B) Competing for the future(C) Competitive advantage(D) Competitive advantages ofnations

43. Which one is not the Michael E.Porter’s generic strategies ?(A) Focus(B) Cost leadership(C) Differentiation(D) Core competence

PD/December/2010/1101

44. Which of the following providesdirections, serves as standard forevaluating performance andmotivates members of the organi-sation ?(A) Mission (B) Values(C) Objectives (D) Goals

45. Sick enterprise is referred to—(A) World Bank (B) SIDBI(C) RBI (D) BIFR

46. Of the following, who is the mostpopular woman entrepreneur ?(A) Sudha Murthy(B) Medha Patkar(C) Kiran Mazumdar(D) Deepa Mehta

47. Which of the following is thecause of sickness of an enter-prise ?(A) Lack of adequate capital(B) Lack of demand for theproducts(C) Lack of competition(D) All the above

48. Which one of the following is notthe Social Responsibility of Busi-ness ?(A) Adopting villages for deve-lopment(B) Setting up educationalinstitutes(C) Opening research and deve-lopment department(D) Construction of temples

49. Which one of the following is notrelated to Business Ethics ?(A) Environmental Ethics(B) Social Responsibility of busi-ness(C) Profiteering(D) Ecological consciousness

50. Ethical values are derived from—(A) Corporate objectives(B) Organisational culture(C) The Bible, the Kuran and theGeeta(D) Corporate philosophy

Answers with Explanations

P.Darpan

Continued from Page 1098

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1102

General Awareness(Based on Memory)

Solved Paper

SYNDICATE BANK PROBATIONARY OFFICERS EXAM., 2010

(Held on 29-8-2010)

1. Mr. Mukul A. Sangma has takenover as the—(A) Chief Minister of Manipur(B) Chief Minister of Meghalaya(C) Governor of Meghalaya(D) Governor of Tripura(E) None of these

2. As per the reports published invarious newspapers Core SectorIndustries recorded a 7·2 per centgrowth in March 2010. Thegrowth of which of the followingindustries will not be consideredin these figures ?(A) Coal (B) Steel(C) Cement (D) Power(E) Banking

3. How much amount was ear-marked in the Union Budget2010-11 for infusion in the capitalof the public sector banks duringthe year ?(A) Rs. 5,000 crores(B) Rs. 7,500 crores(C) Rs. 10,000 crores(D) Rs. 15,000 crores(E) None of these

4. India recently signed a pact withwhich of the following SAARCcountries which will enable itsPrime Minister to have directcommunication with the PrimeMinister of that country on HotLine ?

(A) Myanmar (B) Nepal(C) Pakistan (D) China(E) None of these

5. As per the report released by theGovt. of India, various Govt.agencies procured about 15million tonnes of wheat duringthe recent Rabi season. Which ofthe following states was thelargest contributor to this stockof 15 million tonnes ?

(A) Uttar Pradesh

(B) Kerala

(C) Punjab(D) Tamil Nadu(E) None of these

6. As we know the members of theEuropean Union have recentlydecided to start functioning witha new set of rules and regu-lations. The newly devised rulesare commonly known as—(A) Treaty of London(B) Treaty of Lisbon(C) Paris Treaty(D) Treaty of Moscow(E) None of these

7. As per the estimates given byvarious organizations/agenciesChina is expected to reach a neweconomic target during 2010 bybecoming world’s second largestEconomy. This means China willreplace—(A) France (B) Germany(C) Japan (D) Russia(E) None of these

8. Who amongst the following isthe recipient of the ‘DadasahebPhalke Award-2010’ ?(A) Javed Akhtar(B) Amitabh Bachchan(C) Gulzar(D) Dev Anand(E) None of these

9. “POSCO to invest Rs. 1000 croresmore in Maharashtra” was aheadline in major financial news-papers recently. POSCO isassociated with which of thefollowing businesses as its corebusiness in Maharashtra ?(A) Fertilizers(B) Steel(C) Paper and News print(D) Automobiles(E) None of these

10. As per the reports published invarious newspapers, “MineralOutput from mining and quarry-ing sector was up by 11% in

April 2010.” Production of whichof the following cannot beincluded in above figures ?

(A) Coal (B) Petroleum(C) Iron Ore (D) Natural Gas(E) Cement

11. ‘General Motors’ plans to gopublic in next two months, wasa news in major financial news-papers. This means GeneralMotors is planning to do whichof the following ?1. Wind up its business in next

two months.2. Float Initial Public Offer

(IPO) in near future.3. Launch a big sales and

marketing drive to attractpeople from all walks of life.

(A) Only 1(B) Only 2(C) Only 3(D) All 1, 2 and 3(E) Only 2 and 3

12. Who amongst the following wonthe Barcelona Open Lawn TennisTournament (men’s singles) heldin April 2010 ?(A) Fernando Verdasco(B) Robin Soderling(C) Deniel Nestor(D) Nenad Zimonjic(E) None of these

13. Which of the following is thefull form of the abbreviation‘IFRS’ as used in corporate/finance sector ?(A) Indian Financial Reconcilia-tion Standards(B) Interpretation and FormalReporting System(C) International FinancialReporting Standards(D) International FinancialReporting System(E) None of these

PD/December/2010/1103

14. Mallika Bhandarkar, who won a‘Gold Medal’ in an internationalevent recently is a—(A) Badminton Player(B) Table Tennis Player(C) Lawn Tennis Player(D) Golf Player(E) None of these

15. Who amongst the followingappoints the Chairperson of theNational Human Rights Com-mission, India ?(A) The President of India(B) The Prime Minister of India(C) The Chief Justice of India(D) The Lok Sabha(E) None of these

16. Justice D. K. Jain of the SupremeCourt of India recently inau-gurated the first Rural Court inShahabad Town of the state.Shahabad is in which of thefollowing states ?(A) Orissa(B) Himachal Pradesh(C) Andhra Pradesh(D) Haryana(E) Gujarat

17. Which of the following states inIndia recently decided to estab-lish one Health Care Centre forevery 50000 people ?(A) Gujarat(B) Maharashtra(C) West Bengal(D) Kerala(E) Delhi

18. Insurance Regulatory and Devel-opment Authority (IRDA) had adispute with which of the follow-ing agencies/organizations overthe regulation of ‘ULIPs’ ?(A) CIBIL (B) AMFI(C) CII (D) WTO(E) SEBI

19. Who amongst the following isthe head of the panel set up bythe Planning Commission ofIndia to recommend measuresfor “Efficient Management ofPublic Expenditure” ?(A) Dr. C. Rangarajan(B) Dr. D. Subbarao(C) Mr. C. B. Bhave(D) Dr. Subir Gokarn(E) None of these

20. During the SAARC Summit atThimpu, India announced that itwill provide 50 SAARC schol-arships to meritorious studentsfrom those LDCs who aremember of SAARC. What is thefull form of LDC ?(A) Large Developed Country(B) Least Diplomatic Country(C) Least Developed Country(D) Low Diplomatic Country(E) None of these

21. As we all know Child labour istotally banned in India. As perthe “Child Labour Prohibition &Regulation Act”. ‘Child’ means aperson who has not completed—(A) 18 years of his/her age(B) 16 years of his/her age(C) 14 years of his/her age(D) 20 years of his/her age(E) 21 years of his/her age

22. The Women’s Reservation Billwas passed by the Rajya Sabhaon which of the following dates ?(A) 19th July, 2010(B) 19th March, 2010(C) 9th July, 2010(D) 9th March, 2010(E) None of these

23. As we know the Jammu &Kashmir Assembly recentlypassed a bill which enabled it toban Inter District Recruitments inthe state. As per the provision ofthe bill a youth can now applyfor a Govt. Job in the state onlyin—(A) His/her district(B) The districts of his/her com-missionary(C) Only one district of his/herchoice in the state(D) The district where he/she isresiding at present(E) A District in Jammu regiononly

24. As we know a servere earth-quake had rocked Qinghai regionrecently. ‘Qinghai’ is in which ofthe following countries ?(A) North Korea(B) South Korea(C) Myanmar(D) China(E) Vietnam

25. The second Summit of BRICnations was organized in April2010 in—(A) New Delhi(B) Moscow(C) Brasilia(D) Beijing(E) None of these

26. Which of the following states hasdecided to impose a cess oncommercial vehicles so that awelfare fund can be created forthe transport workers in distressof the state ?(A) Maharashtra(B) West Bengal(C) Tamil Nadu(D) Kerala(E) None of these

27. Which of the following organiza-tion recently celebrated SilverJubilee Year (25th Year) of itsestablishment ?(A) ASEAN(B) G-20(C) Commonwealth(D) NATO(E) SAARC

28. Amnesty International is asso-ciated closely with which of thefollowing ?

(A) To promote inclusive growthworldwide

(B) To make earth a betterabode for future generations

(C) To protect human rights

(D) To protect the world fromthe dangers of any nuclear war

(E) None of these

29. As per the new guidelines issuedby SEBI, companies are requiredto list shares within how manydays of the closure of the InitialPublic Offers (IPOs) ?

(A) 30 days (B) 25 days

(C) 20 days (D) 12 days

(E) None of these

30. As reported in some major news-papers some State Governmentsare planning to install Desalina-tion Plants in some coastal zonesin their states. What is the pur-pose of installing these Desalina-tion plants ?

PD/December/2010/1104

1. To generate power from seawater.

2. To convert sea water intonormal water.

3. To keep the coastal areaspollution free and savemarine population.

(A) Only 1(B) Only 2(C) Only 3(D) All 1, 2 and 3(E) None of these

31. The Workers under the NationalRural Employment GuaranteeAct are encouraged to take theirwages through bank and postoffice accounts. This step of theGovt. is to obtain which of thefollowing goal(s) ?1. Promote Banks’ business.2. To minimise corrupt prac-

tices.3. To encourage more and more

people to join NREGA.

(A) Only 1(B) Only 2 and 3(C) Only 2(D) All 1, 2 and 3(E) Only 2 and 1

32. Which of the following Rates/Ratios is not covered under theMonetary and Credit Policy ofthe RBI ?(A) Bank Rate(B) Repo Rate(C) Cash Reserve Ratio(D) Reverse Repo Rate(E) Exchange Rate of ForeignCurrencies

33. Which of the following ministrieshas launched Integrated Waste-lands Development Programme(IWDP) ?(A) Ministry of Rural Develop-ment(B) Ministry of Agriculture(C) Ministry of Chemical andFertilizers(D) Ministry of Health andFamily Welfare(E) None of these

34. Which of the following is/are thespecific goal(s) of Bharat NirmanProject launched by the Govt. ofIndia ?

1. To provide more and moreemployment opportunitiesto rural youth.

2. To Develop infrastructure inrural areas.

3. To provide best technicaleducation to Indian Youth.

(A) Only 1(B) Only 1 and 2(C) Only 2 and 3(D) Only 2(E) All 1, 2 and 3

35. As we know Govt. of India haslaunched specific programmes toprotect people from contami-nated drinking water. Normallythe ground water available inmost of the rural areas, containswhich of the following chemicals/minerals which makes it unsafefor drinking ?1. Arsenic2. Fluoride3. Oxygen

(A) Only 1(B) Only 2(C) Only 1 and 2(D) Only 2 and 3(E) All 1, 2 and 3

36. Which of the following is thegoal of the Indira Aawas Yojanaof the Govt. of India ?1. To provide dwelling units to

people living Below PovertyLine (BPL).

2. To make metro cities slumfree.

3. To provide housing facili-ties to the Central Govt.Employees.

(A) Only 1(B) Only 2(C) Only 2 and 3(D) All 1, 2 and 3(E) None of these

37. Recently an Economic & SocialSurvey for Asian and PacificRegion was conducted by a UNagency. The survey finds thattwo economies of the region aredeveloping very fast and are atthe leading positions. One ofthem is China. Which is theanother one ?(A) Australia(B) Bangladesh(C) South Korea

(D) India(E) None of these

38. As per the reports in variousnewspapers the Tea Board willtake up rehabilitation of about10000 hectares of tea plantationin Himachal Pradesh. Which ofthe following is the main area ofthe state where tea is grownprominently ?(A) Kangra (B) Shimla(C) Bilaspur (D) Mandi(E) None of these

39. Who amongst the following isthe author of the book ‘Solo’which got CommonwealthWriters’ Prize 2010 ?

(A) Shobha De(B) Chetan Bhagat(C) Anita Desai(D) Rana Dasgupta(E) None of these

40. As per the reports published invarious newspapers KarnatakaGovt. has raised some objectionon the Hogenakkal DrinkingWater Project. The project isbeing implemented by which ofthe following states ?(A) Kerala(B) Andhra Pradesh(C) Orissa(D) Maharashtra(E) Tamil Nadu

41. As per newspaper reports Iranrecently organized a TrilateralMeet to discuss its ‘NuclearPolicy’. Who were the two othermembers at the meet ?

(A) Turkey & USA(B) Brazil & Russia(C) UAE & Turkey(D) USA & Britain(E) Brazil & Turkey

42. The ‘Wall Street Reforms Bill’was in news recently. The billwill initiate financial reformsin which of the following coun-tries ?(A) USA (B) France(C) Australia (D) Brazil

(E) None of these

43. As per the reports in variousnewspapers the Bank ofRajasthan is now merged withwhich of the following banks ?

PD/December/2010/1105

(A) AXIS Bank(B) IDBI Bank(C) ICICI Bank(D) HDFC Bank(E) None of these

44. Various countries recently signedan agreement on sharing of Nilewater between them. Which ofthe following cannot be a memberof this forum as Nile river doesnot pass through it ?(A) Tanzania (B) Kenya(C) Egypt (D) Iraq(E) Sudan

45. Which of the following is thefull form of ‘SOFA’ a term usedfrequently in international poli-tics ?(A) Status of Forces Agreement(B) Statement of Foreign Agree-ments(C) Strategic & Formal Alliances(D) Soviet Forum of Alliedforces(E) None of these

46. Which of the following is thebody/agency set up by theGovt. of India to increase the

flow of foreign investment in thecountry ?(A) FIPB (B) FEMA(C) NSDL (D) FCCB(E) None of these

47. The World ‘No Tobacco Day’ isobserved on which of the follow-ing days ?(A) 13th May (B) 31st May(C) 13th June (D) 30th June(E) None of these

48. Who amongst the following isadjudged the Footballer of theYear selected by Football WritersAssociation (FWA) ?(A) Francesco Totti(B) Rio Ferdinand(C) Pele(D) Diego Maradona(E) Wayne Rooney

49. Which of the following is not aCivilian Award given by theGovt. of India ?(A) Sahitya Academy Award(B) Shanti Swarup BhatnagarAward(C) Padma Shri(D) Bharat Ratna(E) Kirti Chakra

50. Under the Annapurna Schemehow much foodgrain is providedto an eligible person everymonth ?(A) 5 kg (B) 10 kg(C) 15 kg (D) 20 kg(E) None of these

Answers with Hint

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1106

General Studies

NATIONAL DEFENCE ACADEMY EXAM., 2010

(Held on 22-8-2009)

Solved Paper

1. Arrange the following MilitaryTraining Institutes in India interms of their geographicallocation from North to South—1. Indian Military Acadamy2. Officers’ Training Academy3. National Defence Academy4. National Defence College5. College of Defence Manage-

ment

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :

Codes :

(A) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2(B) 1, 4, 3, 5, 2(C) 4, 5, 3, 2, 1(D) 3, 4, 1, 2, 5

2. Which among the followingstatements characterized ElNino ?

1. It occurs at irregular inter-vals.

2. It carries warmer water.

3. It carries less saline water.

4. Its atmospheric equivalentis southern oscillation.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :

Codes :

(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 2 and 3 only(C) 3 and 4 only(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

3. Consider the following state-ments regarding Andaman andNicobar Islands—

1. It enjoys equatorial climate.

2. This is the only place inIndia where a volcano islocated.

3. This is the only place inIndia where coral bed isfound.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?

Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 3(B) 1 and 2 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1 only

4. Which of the following has/havebeen declared as national water-ways in India ?

1. The Allahabad-Haldiastretch of river Ganga.

2. The Sadiya-Dhubri stretchof river Brahmaputra.

3. The Cherla-Rajamundrystretch of river Godavari.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 2 and 3 only(C) 1 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

5. Consider the following state-ments—

1. In a cyclone, the direction ofwind flow is counterclockwise in the northernhemisphere.

2. The tropical cyclone fadesaway when it reaches landbecause there is no largesupply of warm moist air.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?Codes :(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

6. Which among the followingstatements about the NorthAtlantic Drift is/are correct ?1. It keeps the west coast of

Northern Europe ice free.2. It is responsible for the

warm air mass whichinteracts with the cold air

mass from the Polar regionand causes rainfall inWestern Europe.

3. It meets the Labradorcurrent near VancouverIsland and causes dense fog.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :

Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 3(B) 1 and 2 only(C) 2 only(D) 1 and 3 only

7. Which one among the followingexplains the earthquakes of theeastern margins of Asia ?

(A) Subduction of Pacific plateunder Asiatic plate

(B) Subduction of African platebelow European plate

(C) Subduction of Indian plateunder Asiatic plate

(D) Subduction of Americanplate under the Pacific plate

8. Unlike other Meridians Interna-tionl Date Line is drawn zigzagin order to—

(A) permit certain land areasand groups of islands to have thesame calendar day

(B) facilitate the sailors to adjusttime in their watch

(C) adjust the day in calendarwhile sailing from east to westand vice-versa

(D) make 180°E and 180°Wcoterminous

9. The time difference between thetwo cities, city A(30′ N 60′E) andcity B(30′ N 80′E) would be—

(A) 80 second (B) 0 second(C) 20 second (D) 34 second

10. Consider the following state-ments :1. The tropical year is shorter

than the sidereal year.

PD/December/2010/1107

2. The solar day is longer thanthe sidereal day.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?Codes :(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

11. Consider the following state-ments about rocks—1. Shale becomes Slate through

metamorphosis.2. Shale is converted to Slate

when it is subjected totremendous pressure andhigh temperature.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?

Codes :

(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

12. Which of the following state-ments is/are correct ?

1. Mumbai receives morerainfall than Pune because itis located at the windwardside of Western Ghats.

2. Vidarbha region experi-ences semi-arid climate as itis located in a rain shadowregion.

3. In India monsoon reachesKashmir valley at the last.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :

Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 3 only(B) 1 and 2 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1 only

13. Which of the following state-ments regarding south-westmonsoon in India is/are correct ?1. Monsoon reaches the

Malabar coast first.2. Rajasthan does not get

rainfall from south westmonsoon.

3. South-west monsoonretreats when the perma-nent wind belts start shift-ing to the south.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 3(B) 1 and 2 only(C) 3 only(D) 1 and 3 only

14. Which one of the following is thecorrect sequence of the fourstages of water movement in ahydrological cycle ?(A) Evaporation–Condensation–Precipitation–Infiltration

(B) Evaporation–Precipitation–Condensation–Infiltration

(C) Infiltration–Evaporation–Condensation–Precipitation

(D) Condensatio–Precipitation–Evaporation–Infiltration

15. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the Lists—

List-I(Agents of erosion)

(a) Running water(b) Glacier(c) Wind(d) Underground water

List-II(Topographical feature)

1. Cirque2. Barchan3. Rift Valley4. Doline5. GorgeCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 5 1 2 4(B) 5 2 1 3(C) 4 2 1 5(D) 3 4 1 2

16. Consider the following state-ments relating to Gandhianstrategy of Satyagraha—

1. Under the Gandhianstrategy, which may bedescribed as Struggle-Truce-Struggle (S–T–S), phases ofa vigorous extra-legal massmovement and confronta-tion with colonial authorityalternate with phases,during which direct con-frontation is withdrawn.

2. The entire political processof S-T-S was an upwardspiraling one, which alsoassumed that the freedomstruggle would passthrough several stages,ending with the transfer ofpower by the colonialregime itself

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?Codes :(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

17. Rajmohan Gandhi’s book ‘A Taleof Two Revolts’ (2009) deals withthe—(A) Taiping and Indigo revolts(B) Revolt of 1857 and theAmerican Civil War(C) Revolt of 1857 and theDeccan Uprising(D) American Civil War andSanthal Uprising

18. Consider the following state-ments relating to JawaharlalNehru’s attitude towards scienceand technology—1. Nehru was convinced that

science and technologywere crucial to the solutionof India’s problems relatingto underdevelopment andpoverty.

2. To emphasize the impor-tance of science and scien-tific research, Nehru himselfbecame the Chairman of theCouncil of Scientific andIndustrial Research.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?Codes :(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

19. “No Taxation without Repre-sentation” was the popularslogan of—(A) Indian freedom struggle(B) American war of indepen-dence(C) Russian revolution

(D) French revolution

PD/December/2010/1108

20. Which one of the following pairsis not correctly matched ?(A) Power of Parliament

—Creating a new State(B) Power of State Legislature

—Altering the name of a State(C) Equality before the law

—Both Indian and non-Indiancitizens

(D) Equality of opportunity

—Indian citizen

21. Which among the followingstatements with regard to RajaRammohan Roy are correct ?

1. He started the Atmiya Sabha.

2. He wrote the Gift of Mono-theist.

3. He published the Preceptsof Jesus.

4. He founded the BrahmoSabha.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 2, 3 and 4 only(B) 1, 2 and 3 only(C) 1, 3 and 4 only(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

22. Which one among the followingwas not a demand of the earlycongress (1885–1905) ?(A) Indianization of the superiorgrades of the administrativeservices(B) Purna Swaraj/completeindependence(C) Abolition of the Arms Act(D) Autonomy within theempire

Directions—(Q. 23–25) The nextitems are based on the passage givenbelow—

The myth is that the IndianNational Congress was started byA. O. Hume and others under theofficial direction, guidance andadvice of no less a person than LordDufferin, the Viceroy, to provide asafe, mild, peaceful and constitutionaloutlet or safety-valve for the risingdiscontent among the masses, whichwas inevitably leading towards apopular and violent revolution. Con-sequently, the revolutionary potential

was nipped in the bud. Most writersaccept the core of the myth, that aviolent revolution was on the cards atthe time and was avoided only by thefoundations of the congress, ………All of them agree that the manner ofits birth affected the basic characterand future work of the congress in acrucial manner.

23. The colonial rulers, according tothe safety valve thesis, weretrying to use congress as—

(A) a constitutional outlet forthe mass discontent against theauthorities

(B) an instrument for the spreadof British culture in India

(C) an instrument to expand theIndian market for the products ofBritish industries

(D) an agency for social changein India

24. The author describes the safety-valve thesis as a myth because :

(A) evidence are insufficient toestablish the validity of the thesis

(B) the author has concludedthat in the light of availablematerials the thesis does not holdground

(C) the congress was a nation-alist organization right from thestart

(D) the violent anti-colonialmovements did not come to anend with the foundation of thecongress

25. The core of the safety-valvethesis rests on the assumptionthat—

(A) a violent santi-colonialrevolution was bound to occurunless a constitutional platformlike the congress was founded

(B) the congress would assistthe British in administering thecolony

(C) the congress leaders wouldconstitute the colonial elite

(D) the congress as a partywould assist the colonial rulersto implement political and socialreforms

26. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

List-I(Grassland)

(a) Pampas (b) Veld(c) Downs (d) Llanos

List-II(Country)

1. Venezuela2. Australia3. South Africa4. ArgentinaCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 4 3 2 1(B) 4 2 3 1(C) 1 3 2 4(D) 1 2 3 4

27. Consider the following state-ments—1. In India, the largest con-

centration of roads is foundin the northern plains.

2. The ratio of surfaced road tothe total road length islower in the northern plains.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?Codes :(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

28. Which one of the following doesnot characterize the Himalayas ?(A) Various parallel ranges ofthe Himalayas form a convex arc(B) There exist syntaxial bendsat both the terminals of theHimalayas(C) Indus, Sutlej and Brahma-putra rivers are examples ofantecedent drainage

(D) The Himalayas are wider inthe east than in the west

29. Which among the followingstatements provides the bestevidence that a river is flowingthrough a rift valley ?(A) The Chambal valley ismarked by bad land topography(B) River Tapi does not haveDelta but Estuary only(C) River Mahanadi flowsthrough a gorge at Satkosia

(D) River Colorado has theGrand Canyon along its valley

PD/December/2010/1109

30. Match List-I with List-II andselect the correct answer usingthe codes given below the lists—

1

2

3

4

List-I List-II(Places indicated (Seismic zone) in the map)(a) 1 1. Zone V(b) 2 2. Zone IV(c) 3 3. Zone III(d) 4 4. Zone IICodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 1 3 4(B) 2 3 1 4(C) 4 3 1 2(D) 4 1 3 2

31. When dried raisins are put inplain water, they swell up. If putagain in brine solution, theyshrivel up. This phenomenonindicates the property of—(A) Diffusion (B) Perfusion(C) Osmosis (D) Fusion

32. Consider the following items—1. Proteins, Carbohydrates,

and Fats2. Vitamins3. Minerals4. WaterWhich of the above are consi-dered as the constituents offood ?Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 4 only(B) 1 and 3 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Directions—(Q. 33–36) The nextitems consist of two statements,statement I and statement II. Youare to examine these two statementscarefully and select the answers tothese items using the code givenbelow—

Codes :(A) Both the statements are indi-

vidually true and statementII is the correct explanationof statement I

(B) Both the statements areindividually true and state-ment II is not the correctexplanation of statement I

(C) Statement I is true butstatement II is false

(D) Statement I is false butstatement II is true

33. Statement I : Autotroph plantscontain the pigment chlorophyllfor meeting their requirement ofcarbon and energyStatement II : Photosynthesis isthe process of converting waterinto food using sunlight andoxygen

34. Statement I : Reproduction is theprocess by which living orga-nisms produce young ones oftheir species. There are differentforms of reproductionStatement II : Sex organs, maleand female, are mandatory forreproduction

35. Statement I : Human beingshave 23 pair of chromosomes,one of which is the sex chro-mosome and the remaining 22autosomes. The X-linkeddiseases are related to mutationson a sex chromosome

Directions—(Q. 39–42) The next four items are based on the Table givenbelow. Match List-I with List-II, List-III and List-IV, and select the correctanswer using the code given below—

List–I(Ruler)

List–II(Important Battle)

List–III(Dynasty)

List–IV

(Significant work)

A. Ashoka 1. Against severalrulers of Northernand Southern India

I. Kushana i. Writer and poet,patron of learningbesides an empirebuilder

B. Samu-dragupta

2. Kalinga war II. Maurya ii. Political conquest,patron of learning

C. Kanishka 3. Battle of Pundravar-dhana

III. Pushpavati iii. Holding the 4thBuddhist Counciland patron oflearning

D. Harsha-vardhana

4. Against the Chineseand the Parthians

IV. Gupta iv. Spread of Dharma,ahimsa and welfareactivities

39. List-I List-II List-III List-IV(A) A 1 II iv

(B) A 2 II iv

(C) B 1 IV iii(D) B 2 IV iii

Statement II : Colour blindnessresults from a mutation in Xchromosome

36. Statement I : Sarkaria Commis-sion recommended that Gover-nor of a state should be a non-political person appointed afterconsultation with the ChiefMinister of the stateStatement II : This could beachieved through amendingArticle 165 of the Constitution ofIndia.

37. The Legislative Council in a statein India can be created orabolished by the—(A) Parliament on the recom-mendation of a Governor of thestate(B) Parliament alone(C) Parliament after the stateassembly passes the resolution tothat effect(D) Governor of the state on therecommendation of the Councilof Ministers

38. The Government Bill means aBill introduced by a—(A) Member of the Treasurybench in the Lok Sabha(B) Member of the Parliamentwho is not a Minister(C) Minister in the Lok Sabha(D) Minister in any House of theParliament

40. List-I List-II List-III List-IV(A) C 4 I iii

(B) D 3 III i

(C) C 4 I i

(D) D 3 III ii

PD/December/2010/1110

41. List-I List-II List-III List-IV(A) B 1 III i(B) C 4 IV ii(C) B 1 IV ii(D) C 4 III i

42. List-I List-II List-III List-IV(A) A 1 II iii(B) D 3 III ii(C) A 1 II iii(D) D 3 III i

43. Right to Information in India isa—(A) Fundamental Right(B) Legal Right(C) Both Fundamental andLegal Rights(D) Neither Fundamental norLegal Right

44. Which among the followingstatements are correct withregard to the Portuguese inIndia ?1. They had the monopoly

over the Eastern trade in the16th Century.

2. They possessed Bombay inthe beginning.

3. They had trading settle-ments at Cochin, Diu andDaman.

4. The Mughals denied themany trading concessions.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 3(B) 2, 3 and 4(C) 1, 2 and 4(D) 1 and 3 only

45. Which among the followingstatements with respect to theComptroller and AuditorGeneral of India is/are correct ?1. The procedure and grounds

for his removal from theoffice are the same as of aJudge of Supreme Court.

2. He prescribes the form inwhich accounts of theUnion and the States are tobe kept.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1 only(B) 2 only

(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

46. Sound moves with highervelocity if—(A) pressure of the medium isdecreased(B) temperature of the mediumis increased(C) humidity of the medium isincreased

(D) Both (B) and (C) above

47. Which one of the following is thecorrect angle between theincident and reflected rays whena ray of light incident normallyon a plane mirror ?

(A) 180° (B) 90°

(C) 45° (D) 0°

48. Which one of the following fourglass lenses is a diverging lens ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

49. Magnetism of a bar magnet canbe destroyed if it is—1. kept in the magnetic

meridian.2. placed in a direction

opposite that of the Earth’shorzontal intensity.

3. heated to a temperatureknown as Curie tempera-ture.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1 and 3 only(B) 2 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

50. Capacity of a parallel platecondenser can be doubled by—

1. doubling the areas of theplates.

2. doubling the distance ofseparation between theplates.

3. reducing the distance ofseparation between theplates to half the originalseparation.

4. doubling both the areas ofthe plates and the distanceof separation between theplates.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1 and 4 (B) 1 and 3(C) 3 only (D) 2 and 3

51. If two conducting spheres areseparately charged and thenbrought in contact—

(A) the total energy of the twospheres is conserved

(B) the total charge on thespheres is conserved

(C) both the total energy andcharge are conserved

(D) the final potential is alwaysthe mean of the original potentialof the two spheres

52. Two pieces of metallic wirehaving equal length and equalvolume placed in air havedifferent resistances. The twowires must—(A) have different cross sections(B) have same temperatures(C) be of different materials

(D) be of same density

53. If a heater coil is cut into twoequal parts and only one part isused in the heater, the heatgenerated will be—(A) doubled(B) four times(C) one-fourth(D) halved

54. The direction of magnetic field ata point due to an infinitely longwire carrying current is—

(A) parallel to the current

(B) antiparallel to the current

(C) along the perpendiculardrawn from a point on the wire

(D) perpendicular to the planecontaining the conductor and thepoint

PD/December/2010/1111

55. A hollow metal ball carrying anelectric charge produces noelectric field at points—(A) outside the sphere(B) on its surface(C) inside the sphere(D) only at the centre

56. A man is sitting on a rotatingstool with his arms outstretched.If suddenly he folds his arm theangular velocity of the manwould—(A) increase(B) decrease(C) become zero(D) remain constant

57. For a particle revolving in acircular path, the acceleration ofthe particle is—(A) along the tangent(B) along the radius(C) zero(D) along the circumference ofthe circle

58. A circus performer of mass M iswalking along a wire as shown

T

Wire

in the figure given above. Thetension T in the wire is :(g = acceleration due to gravity)(A) approximately Mg(B) less than Mg(C) more than Mg

(D) depends on whether theperformer stands on one or twofeet

59. A heavy ball is suspended asshown in the figure given below.

Upper string

Lower string

A quick jerk on the lower stringwill break that string but a slowpull on the lower string willbreak the upper string. The firstresult occurs because :

(A) the force is too small tomove the ball(B) air friction holds the ballback(C) of action and reaction

(D) the ball has inertia

60. The visible light has a wave-length range from about 380 nm(violet) to 780nm (red). If anexcited object emits light withwavelength of 15 nm, to whichone of the following ranges doesit belong ?

(A) X-ray (B) Gamma ray

(C) Infrared (D) Ultraviolet

61. Microwave oven consumes lesspower due to—(A) small frequency of radiation(B) short wavelength ofradiation(C) large frequency as well aswavelength of radiation

(D) small frequency as well aswavelength of radiation

62. The sun is constantly radiatingenergy and yet its surfacetemperature is nearly constant at6000°C. The constancy of solartemperature is due to—(A) fission(B) radioactivity(C) fusion

(D) black hole evaporation

63. An annular solar eclipse occurredduring January 2010 with dura-tion of annularity around 12minutes. It is predicted that suchlong annular duration will notoccur till the year 3043. Suchprediction is possible due to—

(A) Einstein’s theory of rela-tivity(B) Darwin’s theory of naturalselection(C) Newton’s theory of gravi-tation

(D) Hawking’s theory of blackhole

64. Internet communication usesoptical fibre cables because of—(A) low cost

(B) free from virus threat

(C) high data carrying capacity

(D) faster than light communi-cation of signals

65. Metal pipes used to carry watersometimes burst in the winter.This is because—(A) water expands when itfreezes(B) metal contracts more thanwater(C) outside of the pipe contractsmore than inside(D) metal expands more thanwater

66. Which among the followingstatements about Nirupam Senis/are correct ?1. In the year 2009 he was

appointed as Special SeniorAdviser to the President ofthe UN General Assemblyon the world financial andeconomic crisis.

2. He was formerly the IndianAmbassador to the UK.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :

Codes :

(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

67. Consider the following state-ment—

I can only thank a genius directorlike Guru Dutt for giving me anopportunity to work in his filmsand translate his conceptions onscreen. I was able to involve(myself) in many innovativeexperiments he had tried. Thebest example is the making of‘Kagaz Ke Phool’ (1959), which isthe first cinemascope venture inthe Indian film industry.On receipt of a prestigious awardof India the above statement wasmade recently by—(A) Santhosh Sivan(B) Ravi K. Chandran(C) Ramachandra Babu(D) V. K. Murthy

68. Consider the following State-ments about General V. K.Singh—1. He is the first trained

commando to take over asthe Chief of the Army Staffof Indian Army.

PD/December/2010/1112

2. He belongs to the RajputanaRifles regiment of IndianArmy.

3. General Singh succeededGeneral Deepak Kapoor.

Which among the statementsgiven above is/are correct ?Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 3 (B) 1 and 3 only(C) 3 only (D) 1 and 2 only

69. Consider the following passageand identify the form of dancetheatre referred thereto using thecode given below—This is a uniquely traditionalform of dance theatre of Indiawith a formidable classical back-ground. The main essence of thisform of dance drama is its attach-ment with religion, which pro-vides the most common themefor its plays. The performancebegins with a prayer offering tothe lord Ganesha, which isfollowed by a comedy act,accompanied by the backgroundmusic of the chenda and themaddale, and a tala (cymbals)played by a team of three. Thenarrator, who is also a part of theteam is called Bhagavata, and isthe producer, the director, andthe head of the ceremony. Hisprimary task involves the narra-tion of the story through songs,introduction of the characters,and occasionally conversing withthem. Another unique feature ofit is the totally unrehearsed andunwritten use of dialogues,which makes it so special.

Codes :(A) Cheraw(B) Yakshagana(C) Devarattam(D) Jatra

70. In a rare case, a record number ofabout 20000 employees of theGovernment of Kerala retired ona single day (on 31 March, 2010).Which among the followingstatements is/are correct in thisrespect ?

1. The mass retirement followsthe Kerala government’smove to allow employeesretiring any day during theyear to work till March 31.

2. In a recent bid to reduceburden on the state exche-quer, the Government ofKerala reduced the retire-ment age of governmentemployees from 59 to 58years.

3. More than 50% of theseretired were from theEducation department.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 3(B) 1 and 3 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1 only

71. Car manufacturer Maruti hasstopped selling its popular brandMaruti 800 in some major citiesof India from 1st of April 2010.Which among the followingstatements is/are correct in thisregard ?1. The engine of the car is

unable to meet the stricterBharat Stage IV norms thatbecome mandatory in somemajor cities of India fromthat data.

2. The company has decidedto promote another brand ofcar in the small car segmentin some select cities.

3. The company wants toshorten its product line.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 3(B) 1 only(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 2 only

72. In a major eco-friendly steptowards renewable energygeneration in India, in June 2010seaweed sourced ethanol (ethylalcohol), a biofuel additive intransport fuel, has been used torun a car for the first time. Withregard to this which of thefollowing statements is/arecorrect ?1. Experiment in this direction

was carried out by thescientists of Central Salt andMarine Chemicals ResearchInstitute (CSMCRI),Bhavnagar.

2. India has become the firstcountry in the world toproduce and use green fuelto run cars.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1 only(B) 2 only(C) Both 1 and 2(D) Neither 1 nor 2

73. Which of the following aspectswith regard to the T-20 worldcup (Men’s) cricket and T-20world cup (Women’s) crickettournaments held in the year2010 was/were common ?1. Both the tournaments were

won by England2. The tournaments were held

in West Indies3. There was a tie match each

in both the tournamentsSelect the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1 only (B) 2 only(C) 1, 2 and 3 (D) 2 and 3 only

74. Which amongst the followingstatements is/are correct aboutthe INS Arihant ?1. It is India’s first nuclear

submarine.2. It is India’s first aircraft

carrier.3. It has been indigenously

built in India.(A) 1 only(B) 2 and 3 only(C) 1 and 3 only(D) 2 only

75. Which among the followingstatements about the Zaranj-Delaram road is/are correct ?1. It was constructed by Border

Road Organization inAfghanistan.

2. It links India with Afgha-nistan via Pakistan.

3. This road will open upmarket for Indian goods inAfghanistan via Iran.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 3 only (B) 1 and 3 only(C) 1 and 2 (D) 2 only

PD/December/2010/1113

Directions—(Q. 76–79) The next four items are based on the followingTable : Match List-I with List-II, List-III and List-IV, and select the correctanswer using the code given below :

List–I

(Body system)

List–II

(Organ)

List–III

(Structure)

List–IV

(Function of the system)

A. BloodCirculation

1. Bone marrow I. Alveoli i. Clot formation

B. Excretory 2. Thymus II. T-lymphocyte ii. Perfusion of tissues

C. Alimentary 3. Intestine III. Myocardium iii. Support and protectof body frame

D. Skeletal 4. Lung IV. Matrix iv. Oxygenation

E. Blood 5. Bone V. Nephron v. Filtration of bodywaste

F. Respiratory 6. Heart VI. Villi vi. Absorption ofnutrients

G. Neurological 7. Kidney VII. Axon vii. Fighting infectionand foreign invasion

H. Immunological 8. Neuron VIII. Platelets viii. Transmission ofelectrical impulse

76. List-I List-II List-III List-IV(A) A 1 III ii(B) B 7 VI v(C) A 6 III ii(D) B 2 V v

77. List-I List-II List-III List-IV(A) C 3 VI vi(B) D 1 V iii(C) C 2 VII vi(D) D 5 IV vii

78. List-I List-II List-III List-IV(A) E 1 I i(B) F 2 I iv(C) E 1 IV v(D) F 4 I iv

79. List-I List-II List-III List-IV(A) G 8 VII viii(B) H 2 II iv(C) G 8 VI vii(D) H 1 II vii

80. Consider the following state-ments regarding the recentglobal outbreak of ‘Swine Flu’—

1. The agent of infection is notwell identified.

2. The risk is higher in thosewho consume pork.

3. It has a propensity to spreadfrom contact with aninfected person.

4. Absence of an effectivetreatment or vaccine makesit risk for a global pandemic.

Which of the statements givenabove is/are correct ?Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 4 (B) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 3 (D) 3 only

81. Which among the following arethe properties of good paint ?

1. The paint should be opaqueand have high coveringpower.

2. The solid particles in paintshould reflect much of thedestructive light to ensurelong life of the paint.

3. Combination of pigments,e.g., white lead and TiO2give better result.

4. Addition of plasticiserdestroy the elasticity of thefilm and leads to cracking.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below—Codes :(A) 1, 2 and 4(B) 1, 2 and 3(C) 2 and 3 only(D) 1 and 3 only

82. By which one among the follow-ing mechanism, soap removesdirt (soil) from cloth ?(A) Soap dissolves the soil assuch(B) Soap reacts with soil andconverts them into solublesilicates

(C) Soap takes away the oilypart of the soil and thusseparates the soil from the cloth(D) The soap molecules bindwith the soil, lift the soil andkeep it suspended which canthen be rinsed away

83. Which one among the followingstatements is not correct aboutgraphite ?(A) It is the most stable allot-rope of carbon(B) It is an electrically con-ducting material(C) Crystalline spherical beadsof graphite have very goodlubricating property under dryconditions(D) It is the highest grade of coal

84. Which one among the followingis not a property of salt ?(A) Salts have ordered packingarrangements called lattices(B) Salts have low meltingpoints but high boiling points(C) Salts are brittle(D) Salts conduct electricitywhen dissolved in water or evenin the molten state

85. Which among the followingstatements with regard to pHscale is/are correct ?1. It is a logarithmic scale.2. The scale is limited to 0–14

because the ionic product ofwater is about 10–14.

3. The lower the value of pHthe greater is the acidity ofthe solution.

Select the correct answer usingthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1 and 2 only(B) 1, 2 and 3(C) 1 and 3 only(D) 2 only

86. An oxidizing agent is a substancewhich—(A) increases the oxidationnumber of an element in a givensubstance(B) decreases the oxidationnumber of an element in a givensubstance(C) is oxidized itself in anoxidation-reduction reaction(D) loses electrons in anoxidation-reduction reaction

PD/December/2010/1114

87. Neutral water with pH about 7becomes slightly acidic whenaerated. This is because—(A) oxygen from air is dissolvedin the water which makes thewater acidic(B) dirt, which get contamina-ted with the water duringaeration makes the water acidic(C) ultraviolet radiation disso-ciates water molecules and makeswater acidic

(D) carbon-dioxide from air isdissolved

88. Which one of the followingstatements is not correct ?

(A) Diesel burns with air in adiesel engine at a high tempera-ture at which nitrogen andoxygen from air can combinewhereas petrol burns at a lowertemperature at which nitrogenand oxygen cannot combine

(B) Diesel contains somenitrogenous compounds whereaspetrol does not

(C) Nitrogen from air is easilydissolved in diesel but it is notsoluble in petrol

(D) A catalyst is used in dieselengines which contains nitrogenwhereas petrol engines do notneed such catalysts

89. Consider the following state-ments with regard to the pro-perties of water—

1. Water is a good solvent forionic compound but poorsolvent for covalent com-pound.

2. Water is a good solvent forcovalent compound butpoor solvent for ionic com-pound.

3. Water has maximumdensity at the temperature277 K.

Which of the statements givenabove are correct ?Codes :(A) 1 and 3 only(B) 2 and 3 only(C) 1 and 2 only(D) 1, 2 and 3

90. Calcium carbonate is naturallyavailable as limestone and canalso be synthesized from quick

lime. It is seen that the composi-tion of the elements in both thenatural and synthetic calciumcarbonate are same. The validityof which one among the follow-ing laws is confirmed by thisobservation ?

(A) Law of conservation of mass

(B) Law of definite proportion

(C) Law of multiple proportion

(D) Avogadro’s law

91. When aqueous solutions of twosalts are mixed, the third saltformed may appear as a solidprecipitates or a clear solutiondepending upon the solubility ofits ions. It is observed that allsalts of Na, K, NH4 are soluble.All nitrates and bicarbonatesare also soluble. All halides(chlorides, bromides, iodides) aresoluble except those of Ag, Hg (I)and Pb. All sulphates are solubleexcept those of Ag, Ca, Ba andPb. Which one among the follow-ing combinations of solutionswill produce a solid precipitate ?

(A) Sodium sulphate and bariumchloride

(B) Magnesium sulphate andbarium bicarbonate

(C) Lithium iodide and bariumchloride

(D) Ammonium sulphate andpotassium bromide

92. A mixture containing SiO2, NaCland NH4Cl is taken for separat-ing the constituents. The suitablesteps required for this are—

(A) Sublimation-dissolution-filtration-crystallization

(B) Dissolution-filtration-crystallization-distillation

(C) Sublimation-evaporation-dissolution-decomposition

(D) Dissolution-distillation-decomposition-evaporation

93. Iodized salt is a—

(A) mixture of potassium iodideand common salt

(B) mixture of molecular iodineand common salt

(C) compound formed bycombination of potassium iodideand common salt

(D) compound formed bycombination of molecular iodineand common salt

94. Which one among the followingis a chemical process ?(A) Distillation of sea (salty)water

(B) Crystallization of impuresalt (NaCl)(C) Production of iodine (I2)from seaweeds(D) Sublimation of iodine (I2)

95. Which one among the followingstatements regarding the proper-ties of mixtures and compoundsis not correct ?

(A) A mixture shows the pro-perites of its constituents but theproperties of a compound areentirely different from its cons-tituents

(B) A mixture may be homo-geneous or heterogeneous but acompound is a homogeneoussubstance

(C) The constituents of a mixturecan be separated by physicalmethod but those of a com-pound cannot be separated byphysical method

(D) Energy is either absorbed orevolved during the preparationof a mixture but not in thepreparation of a compound

96. Which one of the followingcharacteristics of the particle

O Time

Vel

ocit

y

does the shaded area of thevelocity-time graph shown aboverepresent ?(A) Momentum(B) Acceleration(C) Distance covered(D) Speed

97. A boby is at rest on the surface ofthe earth. Which one among thefollowing statements is correctregarding this ?

PD/December/2010/1115

(A) No force is acting on thebody

(B) Only weight of the bodyacts on it

(C) Net downward force isequal to the net upward force

(D) None of the above state-ments is correct

98. A pendulum beats faster than astandard pendulum. In order tobring it to the standard beat, thelength of the pendulum is tobe—(A) reduced(B) increased(C) reduced and the mass of thebob increased

(D) reduced and also the massof the bob reduced

99. Two identical block of ice, A andB, float in water as shown in the

A

B

Waterlevel

figure given above. Which oneamong the following statementsin this regard is correct ?

(A) Block A displaces a greatervolume of water since the pres-sure acts on a smaller bottomarea

(B) Block A displaces a greatervolume of water since its sub-merged end is lower in the water

(C) Block B displaces a greatervolume of water since its sub-merged end has a greater area inwater

(D) The two blocks displaceequal volumes of water since theyhave the same specific gravityand same mass

100. When a ship floats on water—

(A) it displaces no water

(B) the mass of water displacedis equal to the mass of the ship

(C) the mass of water displacedis lesser than the mass of the ship

(D) the mass of water displacedis greater than the mass of theship

Answers with Hints

Union Public Service CommissionChanges in Syllabus and Pattern of the Preliminary Examination from

2011 in the Scheme of Civil Services Examination● The Preliminary Examination shall now comprise of two compulsory Papers of

200 marks each and of two hours duration each. Detailed below is the newsyllabus and pattern of the Preliminary Examination, which is brought to thenotice of the prospective candidates intending to appear at the Civil ServicesExamination (CSE) in 2011 onwards:

Paper I (200 marks) Duration : Two hours● Current events of National and International importance.

● History of India and Indian National Movement.● Indian and World Geography—Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India

and the World.

● Indian Polity and Governance—Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj,Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.

● Economic and Social Development—Sustainable Development, Poverty,Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector Initiatives, etc.

● General issues on Environmental ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change-that do not require subject specialization.

● General Science.

Paper II (200 marks) Duration : Two hours● Comprehension● Interpersonal skills including communication skills● Logical reasoning and analytical ability● Decision-making and problem solving● General mental ability● Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude etc.) (Class X

level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. Class Xlevel)

● English Language Comprehension skills (Class X level)● Questions relating to English Language Comprehension skills of Class X level

(last item in the Syllabus of Paper-II) will be tested through passages fromEnglish language only without providing Hindi translation thereof in thequestion paper.

● The questions will be of multiple choice, objective type.● The prospective candidates are advised to note that no changes are being

introduced at this stage in the Civil Services (Mains) Examination andPersonality Test in the scheme of Civil Services Examination (CSE).

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1116

General Studies

Solved Paper

(Held on 26-9-2010)

U.P. PCS LOWER SUBORDINATE SERVICES (Pre.) EXAM. 2008

1. The Thermometer suitable tomeasure 2000°C temperature is—(A) total radiation thermometer(B) gas thermometer(C) mercury thermometer(D) vapour pressure thermo-meter

2. The gas used for artificialripening of green fruit is—(A) ethane(B) ethylene(C) carbon dioxide(D) oxytocin

3. In which of the following dis-tricts India's largest mica belt isfound ?

(A) Balaghat and Chhindwara

(B) Udaipur, Ajmer and Alwar

(C) Hazaribagh, Gaya andMonghyr

(D) Salem and Dharmapuri

4. Silent valley is situated in—(A) Uttarakhand(B) Kerala(C) Arunachal(D) Jammu and Kashmir

5. The fastest computer of theworld is—(A) Param-10000(B) J-8(C) Yenha-3(D) T-3A

6. Which one of the following orga-nizations is not related to scienceand technology ?(A) DST (B) CSIR(C) ICSSR (D) DAE

7. The name of the ICBM deve-loped by India with a strikerange of more than 2000 km is—(A) Prithvi (B) Trishul(C) Akash (D) Agni-II

8. Geneco technology is—

(A) A defence system for pre-vention from AIDS

(B) A method for the develop-ment of species for food crops(C) A techniques for pre-infor-mation regarding geneticdiseases(D) A technique for preventionof cataract

9. 2, 4-D is—(A) an insecticide(B) an explosive(C) a fungicide(D) a herbicide

10. The percentage of nuclear eneryin India's total energy generationis—(A) 60% (B) 27%(C) 10% (D) 2%

11. ‘Satish Dhawan Space Centre’ islocated at—(A) Vishakhapatnam(B) Goa(C) Shri Hari Kota(D) Chennai

12. Which one of the followingscientists has carried out resear-ches both in the field of biologyand physics ?

(A) Jagdish Chandra Bose(B) Har Govind Khorana(C) C. V. Raman(D) Homi J. Bhabha

13. Which one of the following is abacterial disease ?(A) Herpes (B) Polio(C) Pox (D) Tetanus

14. An Offshore Patrol Vessel wasinducted into Coast Guard inMarch 2010. It is named—(A) Eagle (B) Vishwast(C) Jatayu (D) Aashwast

15. To insulate the country fromdisruptions in supply of crudeoil, India has eastablished ‘IndiaStrategic Petroleum ReservesLtd.’ It will construct under-ground storages at three places.

Identify the place which has notbeen selected for the purpose.(A) Vishakhapatnam(B) Manglore(C) Padur(D) Ankaleshwar

16. Presidents of USA and Russiarecently signed a historic treatycommitting their respectivecountry to drastically reducearms. It was signed on—(A) 15 January, 2010(B) 18 May, 2009(C) 08 April, 2010(D) 12 February, 2010

17. Russia has agreed recently toconstruct how many units ofnuclear Reactor at Kudankulamin Tamil Nadu ?(A) 02 (B) 04(C) 05 (D) 06

18. Who of the following has beenappointed as Chairman ofMumbai Stock Exchange inMarch, 2010 ?(A) Prof. Rakesh Mohan(B) Prof. Bhagawati(C) S. Ram Dorai(D) Prof. Manoranjan Misra

19. Who of the following is thefourth woman Judge appointedin the Supreme Court in India inApril, 2010 ?(A) Justice Fatima Beevi(B) Justice Sujata Manohar(C) Justice Gyan Sudha Misra(D) Justice Ruma Pal

20. A World Expo 2010 as a grandevent to showcase the bestachievements of human civili-sation has been opened on May1, 2010. Where was this expoopened ?(A) In Shanghai(B) In Kuala Lumpur(C) In Tokyo(D) In Moscow

PD/December/2010/1117

21. Air Force Exercise Garuda-2010was held by India jointly withwhich of the following coun-tries ?(A) France and Singapore(B) Australia and France(C) Singapore and Australia(D) None of these

22. Which one of the following statesbagged the ‘National RuralHealth Mission Award’ of theGovernment of India in April,2010 ?(A) Uttar Pradesh(B) Orissa(C) Madhya Pradesh(D) Rajasthan

23. Who of the following has beenincluded in the ‘Hall of Fame’ byI.C.C. in March, 2010 ?(A) Sachin Tendulkar(B) Sunil Gavaskar(C) Kapil Dev(D) Anil Kumble

24. Who said, ‘Imperialism’ is deadas ‘dodo’ ?(A) Ramje Macdonald(B) Winston Churchill(C) Clement Attlee(D) Lord Wavell

25. The annual session of MuslimLeague in the year 1970 was heldat—(A) Dacca (B) Karachi(C) Aligarh (D) Lucknow

26. The Indian National Congresshad launched the Non Co-opera-tion Movement in the year—(A) 1918 A.D. (B) 1919 A.D.(C) 1920 A.D. (D) 1921 A.D.

27. Who amongst the followingmade regular broadcast onCongress Radio operated duringQuit India Movement ?(A) Jaya Prakash Narayan(B) Subhas Chandra Bose(C) Ram Manohar Lohia(D) Sucheta Kriplani

28. Which of the following news-papers advocated revolutionaryterrorism during the period ofIndian freedom struggle ?1. Sandhya2. Yugantar3. Kaal

Choose the correct answer fromthe code given below :

Codes :

(A) 1, 2 (B) 1, 3(C) 2, 3 (D) 1, 2, 3

29. The movement in India whichbecame popular during the firstWorld War was the—

(A) Swadeshi and BoycottMovement(B) Home Rule Movement(C) Separatist Movement(D) Swarajist Party Movement

30. Arrange the following events inchronological order and choosethe correct answer using the codegiven below :1. Jallianwalabagh Massacre2. Chaurichaura Episode3. Champaran Movement4. Moplah Rebellion

Codes :

(A) 1, 2, 3, 4 (B) 2, 1, 3, 4(C) 3, 1, 4, 2 (D) 3, 1, 2, 4

31. Match List-I with List-II andchoose the correct answer fromthe codes given below the Lists :

List-I

(a) Abul Kalam Azad(b) Pherozeshah Mehta(c) Annie Besant(d) Mahatma Gandhi

List-II

1. Bombay Chronicle2. Al-Hilal3. Young India4. New India

Codes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 2 1 4 3(B) 1 2 3 4(C) 2 1 3 4(D) 3 2 1 4

32. Who of the following was thePresident of Indian NationalCongress for consecutive sixyears ?(A) Jawahar Lal Nehru(B) Dadabhai Naoroji(C) Abul Kalam Azad(D) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

33. Who of the following had startedthe Khilafat Movement ? Choose

the answer from the code givenbelow :1. Shaukat Ali2. Mohammad Ali3. Shariatullah4. Abul Kalam Azad

Codes :

(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 3 and 4(C) 1, 2 and 3 (D) 1, 2, 3, 4

34. Kakori Conspiracy Case tookplace in the year—(A) 1920 (B) 1925(C) 1930 (D) 1935

35. In the Interim Government(1946) who held the RailwaysPortfolio ?(A) Baldev Singh(B) T. T. Chudrigar(C) Asaf Ali(D) Abdul Rab Nishtar

36. The Province where IndianNational Congress did not formministry after the Generalelection of 1937 was—(A) Orissa (B) Bihar(C) Madras (D) Bengal

37. The transfer of capital of BritishIndia from Calcutta to Delhi waseffected during the period of—(A) Lord Minto(B) Lord Hardinge(C) Lord Chelmsford(D) Lord Reading

38. Who was the leader of theSwadeshi Movement in Madras ?(A) Srinivas Sastri(B) Rajagopalachari(C) Chidambaram Pillai(D) Chintamani

39. Which one of the following state-ments is not correct aboutDadabhai Naoroji ?(A) He wrote a book ‘Povertyand Un-British rule in India’(B) He worked as a professorof Gujarati in the UniversityCollege, London(C) He laid the foundation ofwoman's education in Bombay(D) He was elected as a memberof British Parliament on theticket of the Conservative Party

40. Which one of the following wasdirectly related to the Poona Pactof 1932 ?

PD/December/2010/1118

(A) Indian women(B) Indian labour class(C) Indian farmers(D) Indian depressed class

41. Subhas Chandra Bose hadfounded ‘Forward Bloc’ in theyear—(A) 1936 A.D. (B) 1937 A.D.(C) 1938 A.D. (D) 1939 A.D.

42. The Gujarra minor rock edict, inwhich the name of Ashoka ismentioned, is located in—(A) Mirzapur district of UttarPradesh(B) Datia district of MadhyaPradesh(C) Jaipur district of Rajasthan(D) Champaran district of Bihar

43. Choose the correct pair from thefollowing—(A) Khajuraho —Chandellas(B) Ellora caves —Saka(C) Mahabalipuram

—Rashtrakutas(D) Meenakshi Temple

—Pallavas

44. Which of the following sites hasyielded skeleton of dog alongwith human skeleton in burial ?(A) Brahmagiri(B) Burzahom(C) Chirand(D) Maski

45. Which of the following Ashokaninscriptions is devoted to theprinciple of religious tolerancecompletely ?(A) Rock edict XIII(B) Rock edict XII(C) Pillar inscription VII(D) Bhabru minor rock edict

46. The earliest evidence of agri-culture in Indian sub-continentcomes from—(A) Koldihwa(B) Lahuradeva(C) Mehargarh(D) Tokwa

47. Which of the following mentionsabout the meeting of Sandro-kottas (Chandragupta Maurya)with Alexander, the Great ?(A) Pliny(B) Justin

(C) Strabo(D) Megasthenese

48. Which Sultan of Delhi assumedthe title of Alexander the Great ?

(A) Balban

(B) Alauddin Khalji

(C) Mahammad Bin Tughlaq

(D) Sikandar Lodi

49. Who among the following wasgiven the title of ‘Shaikh-ul-Hind’ ?

(A) Baba Fariduddin

(B) Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhti-yar Kaki

(C) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti

(D) Shaikh Salim Chishti

50. Which one of the following iscorrectly matched ?(A) Kakatiya : Devagiri(B) Hoyasala : Dwarsamudra(C) Yadav : Warangal(D) Pandya : Madura

51. Who of the following introducedsilver coin called ‘tanka’ ?(A) Alauddin Khilji(B) Qutub-ud-din Aibak(C) Iltutmish(D) Balban

52. From the following namesidentify the one who was not thebrother of Humayun.(A) Kamran (B) Usman(C) Askari (D) Hindal

53. ‘Permanent Settlement’ wasintroduced during the tenureof—(A) Warren Hastings(B) Lord Cornwallis(C) Sir John Shore(D) Lord Wellesley

54. In whose reign was the ‘Treaty ofChittor’ signed between Mughaland the Rana of Mewar ?(A) Akbar(B) Jahangir(C) Shahjahan(D) Aurangzeb

55. Which medieval Indian rulerprior to Akbar has been referredto as the ‘Akbar of Kashmir’ ?(A) Ibrahim Shah Sharqi(B) Sultan Sikandar

(C) Zainul Abedin(D) Mahmud Gawan

56. The Bengali leader who opposedsocio-religious reforms andsupport orthodoxy was—(A) Radhakant Deb(B) Nemisadhan Bose(C) Hemchandra Biswas(D) Hemchandra De

57. Varindra Ghosh was associatedwith—(A) Anushilan Samiti(B) Sadhava Samaj(C) Abhinava Bharat(D) Swadesh Bandhav Samiti

58. Who was the first Sultan of Delhito have levied ‘Haqq-i-Sharab’ orirrigation tax ?

(A) Alauddin Khalji(B) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq(C) Mohammad Bin Tughlaq(D) Firoz Tughlaq

59. Which Sultan of Delhi had esta-blished a separate agriculturedepartment and had planned the‘rotation of crops’ ?

(A) Iltutmish(B) Balban(C) Alauddin Khalji(D) Mohammad Bin Tughlaq

60. As per world statistics 2008,what approximate percentage ofworld population lives in Asia ?

(A) 61% (B) 63%

(C) 65% (D) 66%

61. The State having highest sche-duled caste population in Indiais—(A) Rajasthan(B) Maharashtra(C) Madhya Pradesh(D) Uttar Pradesh

62. Ujjain is situated at the bank of—(A) Chambal river(B) Kschipra river(C) Godavari river(D) Narmada river

63. Bagalihar Project lies on the—

(A) Jhelum river(B) Ravi river(C) Chenab river(D) Indus river

PD/December/2010/1119

64. Drakensberg is a mountain of—(A) Botswana(B) Namibia(C) South Africa(D) Zambia

65. Which one of the following is acold current of the South AtlanticOcean ?(A) Canary Current(B) Benguela Current(C) Agulhas Current(D) Brazil Current

66. Which region of the world, wouldyou associate with ‘Bushmen’ ?(A) East Africa(B) Sahara Desert(C) New Zealand(D) Kalahari

67. Identify the only tributary ofRiver Ganges which rises in theplains—(A) Son(B) Sharda or Saryu(C) Gomti(D) Ram Ganga

68. Uttar Pradesh holds the firstplace in India in the productionof—(A) Rice and wheat(B) Wheat and sugarcane(C) Rice and Sugarcane(D) Wheat and pulses

69. Which one of the following is thetertiary activity ?(A) Forestry(B) Manufacturing(C) Farming(D) Marketing

70. Chilka lake is situated in—(A) West Bengal(B) Andhra Pradesh

November

SBI (6100) Special BatchIndian, P & S Bank,

(C) Orissa(D) Tamil Nadu

71. The distance of Moon from theEarth is—(A) 364 thousand kms(B) 300 thousand kms(C) 446 thousand kms(D) 384 thousand kms

72. Japan is one of the leadingindustrial countries of the worldbecause—(A) It has ample mineralresources(B) It has ample bio-energyresources(C) Industrial revolution wasinitiated here(D) It has high technologicalcapacity

73. The planet which is called twinsister of earth is—(A) Mercury (B) Venus(C) Mars (D) Pluto

74. The deepest lake of the Worldis—(A) Pushkar lake in Rajasthan(B) Lake superior in America(C) Victoria lake in Africa(D) Baikal lake in Russia

75. The deepest trenches of theocean are found in—(A) Indian Ocean(B) Pacific Ocean(C) Arctic Ocean(D) Atlantic Ocean

76. The Fundamental Duties of acitizen do not include duty—(A) to protect and improve thenatural environment(B) to cherish and follow thenoble ideals which inspired ournational struggle for freedom

(C) to strive towards abolition ofuntouchability(D) to develop scientific temper,humanism and the spirit ofenquiry and reform

77. Education which was initially astate subject was transferred tothe Concurrent list by the—(A) 24th Amendment(B) 25th Amendment(C) 42nd Amendment(D) 44th Amendment

78. The Constitution is silent in theDirective Principles of StatePolicy about—

(A) adult education

(B) living wages for workers

(C) free legal aid to the poor

(D) Primary education tochildren till they complete theage of 6 years

79. The Drafting Committee of theConstituent Assembly under Dr.B. R. Ambedkar had how manyother members ?(A) 7 (B) 6(C) 5 (D) 4

80. The distribution of legislativepower between the centre andthe states in the Constitution isgiven in—

(A) Sixth schedule

(B) Seventh schedule

(C) Eighth schedule

(D) Ninth schedule

81. The number of High Court ofJudicature in India is—

(A) Twenty(B) Twenty one(C) Twenty two(D) Twenty three

PD/December/2010/1120

82. Which one of the following statesdoes not have a bicamerallegislature ?(A) Uttar Pradesh(B) Madhya Pradesh(C) Bihar(D) Karnataka

83. The cardinal features of politicalsystem in India are—1. It is a democratic republic.2. It has a Parliamentary form

of government.3. The supreme power vests in

people of India.4. It provide for a unified

authoritySelect the correct answer fromthe codes given below :Codes :(A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 2 and 3(C) 2, 3 and 4 (D) All the four

84. The basis of determining dear-ness allowances to employees ofIndia is—(A) National Income(B) Consumer Price Index(C) Standard of Living(D) Per Capita Income

85. Narsinham Committee relatedto—(A) Higher education reforms(B) Tax structure reforms(C) Banking structure reforms(D) Planning implementationreforms

86. Note issuing department ofReserve Bank of India shouldalways possess the minimumgold stock worth—(A) 85 crore(B) 115 crore(C) 200 crore

(D) None of the above

87. ‘Smart Money’ is a term usedfor—(A) Internet Banking(B) Credit Card(C) Saving Account in the Bank(D) Current Account in the Bank

88. The aim of differentiated Interestscheme was to provide conce-ssional loans to—(A) Weaker Section of Society(B) Public Sector Industries(C) Public Limited Companies(D) Big Exporters

89. The first Industry to develop inIndia was the—(A) Cottage industry(B) Cement industry(C) Iron and steel industry(D) Engineering industry

90. Which one of the following stateswas having the highest HumanDevelopment Index in the year2001 ?

(A) Assam(B) Kerala(C) Uttar Pradesh(D) Madhya Pradesh

91. In which one of the followingCountries High Yield varietyseed were developed for the firsttime ?(A) Argentina (B) China(C) Mexico (D) India

92. Which one of the following percapita daily calorie intake hasbeen recommended for deter-mining the poverty line in ruralareas in India ?(A) 2200 (B) 2400(C) 2500 (D) 2600

93. In India which agency isentrusted with the collection ofdata of capital formation ?(A) RBI and Central StatisticalOrganisation(B) RBI and SBI(C) RBI and all other Commer-cial Banks(D) Central Statistical Organi-sation and National SampleSurvey

94. Which one of the followingduration is related to XI FiveYear Plan in India ?(A) 2005-10 (B) 2006-11(C) 2007-12 (D) 2008-13

95. Open market operations of RBIrefer to—(A) buying and selling of shares(B) auctioning of foreign ex-change(C) trading in securities(D) transactions in gold

96. Which of the following is thesmallest bone in the humanbody ?(A) Vomer (B) Stapes(C) Malleus (D) Incus

97. Which of the following is fish ?(A) Sea cucumber(B) Sea cow(C) Sea horse(D) Sea lion

98. The yellow colour of humanurine is due to a pigmentcalled—(A) Cytochrome(B) Urochrome(C) Haemochrome(D) Phenolichrome

99. The branch of study dealing withold age and aging is called—(A) Oncology(B) Gerentology(C) Teratology(D) Ornithology

100. Emphysaema is a disease causedby environmental pollution inwhich the affected organ of thebody is—(A) liver (B) kidney(C) lungs (D) brain

Answers

P.Darpan

Corrigendum(October 2010 Issue)

Page 705, Q. 6 correct answer is (A)

PD/December/2010/1121

Reasoning Ability and General Awareness(Based on Memory)

Solved Paper

(Held on 9-5-2010)

ORIENTAL INSURANCE COMPANY A.A.O. EXAM., 2010

Part–IReasoning Ability

1. If the following numbers arerewritten by interchanging thedigits in ten’s place andhundred’s place and then arrang-ing them in the descendingorder. What will be the seconddigit of the newly formed fifthnumber from your right ?479, 736, 895, 978, 389, 675(A) 3 (B) 4(C) 5 (D) 6

2. P is 60 m South-East of Q. R is 60m North-East of Q. Then R is inwhich direction of P ?(A) North (B) North-East(C) South (D) South-East

Directions—(Q. 3–5) Read thefollowing information for answeringthe questions that follow—

On a playing ground A, B, C, Dand E are standing as described belowfacing the North.

(i) B is 50 metres to the right of D.

(ii) A is 60 metres to the South of B

(iii) C is 40 metres to the West of D.

(iv) E is 80 metres to the North of A.

3. If a boy walks from C, meets Dfollowed by B, A and then E,how many metres has he walkedif he has travelled the straightdistance all through ?(A) 120 (B) 150(C) 170 (D) 230

4. What is the minimum distance(in metre approximately) bet-ween C and E ?(A) 53 (B) 78(C) 92 (D) 120

5. Who is to the South-East of theperson who is to the left of D ?(A) A (B) B(C) C (D) E

6. A man was walking in theevening just before the sun set.His wife said that, his shadowfell on his right. If the wife waswalking in the opposite directionof the man, then which directionthe wife was facing ?(A) North (B) West(C) South (D) East

Directions—(Q. 7–11) In each ofthe following questions choose the setof numbers from the four alternativesets that is similar to the given set.07. Given set : (4, 9, 18)

(A) (8, 14, 22) (B) (10, 15, 25)(C) (6, 12, 23) (D) (12, 17, 26)

08. Given set : (10, 14, 17)(A) (4, 11, 14) (B) (9, 12, 15)(C) (8, 13, 18) (D) (6, 9, 12)

09. Given set : (7, 27, 55)(A) (21, 35, 52)(B) (18, 42, 65)(C) (16, 40, 72)(D) (13, 30, 58)

10. Given set : (39, 28, 19)(A) (84, 67, 52)(B) (52, 25, 17)(C) (70, 49, 36)(D) (65, 45, 21)

11. Given set : (246, 257, 358)

(A) (233, 343, 345)

(B) (273, 365, 367)

(C) (143, 226, 237)

(D) (145, 235, 325)

Directions—(Q. 12–16) Eachquestion contains six or seven state-ments followed by four sets ofcombinations of three. Choose the setin which the statements are logicallyrelated.

12. (1) All books are having pages.

(2) All kings are having pages.

(3) All kings are books.

(4) Some heavy things arehaving pages.

(5) Some heavy things arebooks.

(6) Some books are heavy.(7) Some heavy things are

having pages.(A) 1, 2, 3 (B) 6, 1, 4(C) 4, 6, 1 (D) 1, 5, 7

13. (1) No athletes are vegetarians.(2) All cricket players are

athletes.(3) Some athletes play cricket.(4) Some cricket players are

vegetarians.(5) No cricket player is a vege-

tarian.(6) All athletes are vegetarians.(A) 1, 2, 5 (B) 3, 4, 1(C) 1, 5, 2 (D) 2, 5, 6

14. (1) All grandmothers cookwell.

(2) No man is a grandmother.(3) Some men do not cook well.(4) All those who cook well are

men.(5) No one who cooks well is a

man.(6) All those who cook well are

grandmothers.(7) Some men are not grand-

mothers.(A) 2, 6, 5 (B) 2, 5, 6(C) 1, 4, 2 (D) 6, 4, 7

15. (1) Looting is a crime.(2) Some crooked people are

criminals.(3) All those involved in looting

are criminals.(4) Some crooked people are

involved in looting.(5) All criminals are looked

down in society.(6) Some crooked people are

not criminals.(A) 1, 4, 6 (B) 3, 6, 2(C) 1, 2, 6 (D) 3, 4, 2

PD/December/2010/1122

16. (1) Some women are those whoare successful in life.

(2) Some men are those whohave patience.

(3) No man is a woman.(4) All those who have patience

are successful in life.(5) Some who are successful in

life are men.(6) Some men are not those are

successful in life.(A) 1, 3, 6 (B) 4, 2, 6(C) 1, 5, 3 (D) 2, 4, 5

Directions—(Q. 17–21) Each ofthe questions below consists of aquestion and two statements num-bered (I) and (II). You have to decidewhether the data provided in thestatements are sufficient to answerthe question. Give answers—

(A) If the data in statement (I)alone are sufficient to answerthe question, while the datain statement (II) alone arenot sufficient to answer thequestion;

(B) If the data in statement (II)alone are sufficient to ans-wer the question, while thedata in statement (I) aloneare not sufficient to answerthe questions;

(C) If the data even in bothstatements (I) and (II)together are not sufficient toanswer the question;

(D) If the data in both statement(I) and (II) together arenecessary to answer thequestion.

17. In which direction is Mahatmaji’sstatue facing ?I. The statue is towards the

northern end of the city.II. The statue’s shadow falls

towards East at 5 O’clock inthe evening.

18. What is the total number ofpupils in the final year class ?

I. The number of boys in thefinal year class is twice asmuch as the number of girlsin that class.

II. The sum of the ages of all thepupils in the class is 399years and their average ageis 19 years.

19. Who is the tallest among A, B, Cand D ?I. A is taller than C.II. B is taller than C and D.

20. How many Sundays are there ina particular month of a particularyear ?I. The month begins on

Monday.II. The month ends on Wednes-

day.

21. What is the total number ofpages in this book ?

I. I counted 132 pages from thebeginning of this book.

II. My wife counted 138 pagesstarting from the end of thesame book.

Directions—(Q. 22–26) In each ofthe questions given below, there is astatement followed by three assump-tions numbered I, II and III. Anassumption is something supposed ortaken for granted. You have to con-sider the statement and assumptionsand then decide, which of theassumption(s) is/are implicit in thestatement.

22. Statement : During pre-harvestkharif seasons, the governmenthas decided to release vastquantity of foodgrains from FCI.Assumptions :I. There may be a shortage of

foodgrains in the marketduring this season.

II. The kharif crop may be ableto replenish the stock of FCI.

III. There may be a demandfrom the farmers to procurekharif crop immediatelyafter harvest.

(A) None is implicit(B) Only I and II are implicit(C) Only II and III are implicit(D) All are implicit

23. Statement : To improve theemployment situation in India,there is a need to recast thepresent educational systemtowards implementation ofscientific discoveries in daily life.Assumptions :I. The students after com-

pleting such education maybe able to earn their liveli-hood.

II. This may bring meaning ofeducation in the minds ofthe youth.

III. The state may earn morerevenue as more and morepeople will engage them-selves in self employment.

(A) Only I and II are implicit(B) Only III is implicit(C) Only I and III are implicit(D) None is implicit

24. Statement : To increase profit,the oil exporting countriesdecided to reduce the productionof crude by 5 million barrels perday.Assumptions :I. The price of crude may

increase due to less produc-tion.

II. The demand of crude mayremain same in future.

III. Other countries may conti-nue buying crude from thesecountries.

(A) All are implicit(B) Only II and III are implicit(C) Only I and II are implicit(D) None is implicit

25. Statement : “We do not wantyou to see our product on news-paper, visit our shop to get a fullview.” – an advertisement.Assumptions :I. People generally decide to

purchase any product afterseeing the name in theadvertisement.

II. Uncommon appeal mayattract the customers.

III. People may come to see theproduct.

(A) All are implicit(B) None is implicit(C) Only II and III are implicit(D) Only I and II are implicit

26. Statement : The Reserve Bank ofIndia has directed the banks torefuse fresh loans to majordefaulters.Assumptions :

I. The banks may still giveloans to the defaulters.

II. The defaulters may repaythe earlier loan to get freshloan.

PD/December/2010/1123

III. The banks may recover thebad loans through suchharsh measures.

(A) All are implicit(B) None is implicit(C) Both II and III are implicit(D) Both I and II are implicit

Directions—(Q. 27–31) In ques-tions given below, statements 1 and 2are followed by conclusions I and II.Taking the statements to be rightalthough they may seem at variancewith commonly accepted facts, markyour answers as under—

(A) If only conclusion I follows.(B) If only conclusion II follows.(C) If both I and II follows.(D) Neither I nor II follows.

27. Statements :1. All hands are machines.2. All machines are wheels.Conclusions :I. All wheels are hands.II. All hands are wheels.

28. Statements :1. Some buds are leaves.2. Some leaves are red.Conclusions :I. Some buds are red.II. Some leaves are not buds.

29. Statements :1. Some stones are shells.2. All shells are pearls.Conclusions :I. Some stones are pearls.II. All pearls are shells.

30. Statements :1. Brown is red and blue is

green.2. Green is pink and yellow is

red.Conclusions :I. Yellow is brown.II. Pink is blue.

31. Statements :1. Merchants who do not own

cars do not have bicycleseither.

2. Those who do not havebicycles have tricycles.

Conclusions :I. Some merchants have only

tricycles.II. No one has both, the car and

the tricycles.

Directions—(Q. 32–36) A num-ber arrangement machine, whengiven a particular input, rearranges itfollowing a particular rule. Thefollowing is the illustration of theinput and the stages of arrangement.

Input : 245, 316, 436, 519, 868,710, 689

Step I : 710, 316, 436, 519, 868,245, 689

Step II : 710, 316, 245, 519, 868,436, 689

Step III : 710, 316, 245, 436, 868,519, 689

Step IV : 710, 316, 245, 436, 519,868, 689

Step IV is the last step of input.

32. If 655, 436, 764, 799, 977, 572, 333is the input which of thefollowing steps will be ‘333, 436,572, 655, 977, 764, 799’ ?(A) II (B) III(C) IV (D) I

33. How many steps will be requiredto get the final output from thefollowing input ?Input : 544, 653, 325, 688, 461,231, 857(A) 5 (B) 4(C) 3 (D) 6

34. For the given input, which of thefollowing will be third step ?

Input : 236, 522, 824, 765, 622,463, 358

(A) 522, 236, 765, 824, 622, 463,358(B) 522, 622, 236, 824, 765, 463,358(C) 522, 622, 236, 765, 824, 463,358(D) 522, 622, 236, 463, 824, 765,358

35. If following is the second step foran input, what will be the fourthstep ?

Step II # 620, 415, 344, 537, 787,634, 977(A) 620, 415, 344, 537, 634, 787,977(B) 620, 415, 344, 634, 537, 787,977(C) 620, 415, 344, 634, 787, 537,977(D) Can’t be determined

36. Which of the following is the laststep for the following input ?Input : 473, 442, 735, 542, 367,234, 549(A) 234, 442, 542, 473, 735, 367,549(B) 234, 442, 542, 735, 473, 367,549(C) 234, 442, 542, 473, 367, 735,549(D) 234, 442, 542, 735, 367, 473,549

Directions—(Q. 37–41) Read thefollowing information carefully andanswer the questions given belowit—

(1) There is a group of sixpersons A, B, C, D, E and Fin a family. They are Psycho-logist, Manager, Lawyer,Jeweller, Doctor andEngineer.

(2) The doctor is the grand-father of F, who is aPsychologist.

(3) The Manager D is married toA.

(4) C, the Jeweller, is married tothe Lawyer.

(5) B is the mother of F and E.(6) There are two married

couples in the family.(7) The Psychologist is a female

while Engineer is a male.

37. What is the profession of E ?(A) Doctor (B) Engineer(C) Manager (D) Psychologist

38. How is A related to E ?(A) Brother (B) Uncle(C) Father (D) Grandfather

39. How many male numbers arethere in the family ?(A) One (B) Three(C) Four (D) Two

40. What is the profession of A ?(A) Doctor (B) Lawyer(C) Jeweller (D) Manager

41. Which of the following is oneof the pairs of couples in thefamily ?(A) AB (B) AC(C) AD (D) AE

42. Three of the following four arealike in a certain way and soform a group. Which is the one

PD/December/2010/1124

that does not belong to thatgroup ?(A) Papaya (B) Mango(C) Jackfruit (D) Watermelon

43. Three of the following four aresimilar in relation to theirpositions in the English alphabetand hence form a group. Whichone does not belong to thatgroup ?(A) SPEAK : PZVKH(B) HUSKY : BPGFS(C) BRAIN : MRZIY(D) BREAK : PZVIY

44. Three of the following fourgroups of letters are alike insome way while one is different.Find out which one is different ?(A) DJWR (B) EKXR(C) KQDX (D) AGTN

45. Four groups of letters are givenbelow. Three of them are alikein a certain way while one isdifferent. Choose the odd one.(A) GWOURV (B) LZKMSU(C) SFXPMG (D) JOEHNP

46. Four pairs of words are givenbelow out of which the words inall pairs except one, bear acertain common relationship.Choose the pair in which thewords are differently related.

(A) Watt : Power(B) Ampere : Current(C) Pascal : Pressure(D) Radian : Degree

47. Number of letters skipped inbetween adjacent letters of theseries starting from behind areincreased by one. Which of thefollowing series observes thisrule ?(A) ONLKI (B) OMKIG

(C) OMJFA (D) OIGDC

48. If the letters of the word ‘PRO-TECTION’ which are at oddnumbered position in the Englishalphabet are picked up and arearranged in alphabetical orderfrom left and if they are nowsubstituted by Z, Y, X and so on,beginning from left which letterwill get substituted by X ?(A) E (B) O(C) T (D) I

49. How many pairs of letters arethere in the word OPERATIONin which the difference betweenthem is the same as in theEnglish alphabet ?(A) 3 (B) 5(C) 7 (D) 9

50. Arrange the given words inorder in which they occur in thedictionary and then choose thecorrect sequence.(1) Dissipate(2) Dissuade(3) Disseminate(4) Distract(5) Dissociate(6) Dissect

(A) 6, 3, 1, 5, 2, 4(B) 1, 6, 3, 2, 4, 5(C) 3, 6, 1, 2, 5, 4(D) 4, 6, 3, 1, 5, 2

51. The letters skipped in betweenthe adjacent letters in the seriesare followed by equal space.Which of the following seriesobserves this rule ?(A) SUXADF(B) RVZDFG(C) HKNGSW(D) RVZDHL

Directions—(Q. 52–56) In acertain code, letters of English alpha-bet are coded as given for somewords. The numeric code for eachletter is given in bracket under codedform and corresponds to the letter inthe word in the same serial order,study the coded forms of the givenwords and find out the rules for theirclassification. Applying those rulesfind out the code for the words givenin capital letters in the questions thatfollow—

Word Codes Form

ATE (0) (5) (0)NONE (5) (25) (5) (25)UNIT (30) (5) (30) (5)PIN (5) (10) (5)PAGE (5) (25) (5) (25)OPEN (30) (5) (30) (5)ONE (0) (5) (0)CUT (5) (10) (5)SEAT (5) (15) (15) (5)DEEP (5) (20) (20) (5)

52. VINA(A) (5) (0) (5) (15)(B) (5) (25) (5) (25)(C) (5) (30) (5) (30)(D) (5) (10) (5) (30)

53. AGE(A) (0) (15) (0)(B) (15) (15) (15)(C) (0) (10) (10)(D) (0) (5) (0)

54. PEAR(A) (5) (15) (15) (5)(B) (5) (25) (5) (25)(C) (5) (10) (5) (10)(D) (5) (30) (5) (30)

55. TIN(A) (0) (5) (0)(B) (5) (0) (5)(C) (0) (10) (0)(D) (5) (10) (5)

56. UNIT(A) (5) (30) (5) (30)(B) (5) (10) (30) (10)(C) (30) (5) (30) (5)(D) (15) (10) (10) (15)

57. If the first and second digits inthe squence 7 9 8 4 5 3 6 7 8 3 4 5are interchanged, also the thirdand fourth digits, the fifth andsixth digits and so on which digitwould be the sixth counting fromyour right ?(A) 5 (B) 6(C) 7 (D) 8

58. The letter I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q,R, S, T in their order are subs-tituted by twelve numbers butnot in that oder. 3 is assigned toR. The difference between R andM is 7. The difference between Kand M is 2. What number isassigned to K ?(A) 8 (B) 12(C) 7 (D) 11

59. Below are given six three-charac-ter numbers. The characters com-prise of digits and letters. Theletter stands for one less than itsserial order in the English alpha-bet. What will be the middlecharacter of the 3rd numberwhen the numbers are arrangedin the decending order ?

8G6, 3DJ, F4C, 7HB, 4E6, B8I

PD/December/2010/1125

(A) 7 (B) 8(C) 6 (D) 4

60. Which of the following will bethe third digit of the fourth num-ber after the following numbersare arranged in descending orderafter reversing the positions ofthe digits within each number ?

645, 869, 458, 347, 981, 792(A) 4 (B) 6(C) 8 (D) 9

Part–IIGeneral Awareness

61. Which of the following stars liesnearest to our solar system ?(A) Barnard’s Star(B) Sirius A(C) Alpha Centauri A(D) Proxima Centauri

62. Of the total water on the earth,fresh water reserves constituteapproximately—(A) 5·8% (B) 4·5%(C) 2·59% (D) 1·2%

63. The term ‘Bishop’ in sports isrelated to—(A) Chess (B) Hockey(C) Badminton (D) Bridge

64. Yakshagan is the famous danceform of the State of—(A) Orissa(B) Andhra Pradesh(C) Tamil Nadu(D) Karnataka

65. Balance of Payments means—

(A) Difference between exportand imports

(B) Balance to be paid to theexporters

(C) Balance to be paid to theindustrialists

(D) Balance coming in allocationof funds for States

66. A light year is equivalent toabout—(A) 365 days(B) Six million miles(C) Six billion miles(D) Six trillion miles

67. Denmark, Iceland, Norway,Sweden and Finland are togethercalled—

(A) Slovakia(B) Scandinavia(C) Netherlands(D) Australasia

68. The device used for locatingsubmerged objects under sea is—(A) Sonar (B) Radar(C) Laser (D) Maser

69. Which article of the Constitutionprovides the Parliament thepower to ammend Constitu-tion ?(A) 376 (B) 370(C) 368 (D) 390

70. What is the name of the firstsuccessfully cloned deer ?(A) Dawn (B) Deluxe(C) Demor (D) Dewey

71. The idea of motion pictures waspropounded by—(A) N. R. Finsen(B) T. A. Edison(C) J. L. Baird(D) Berliner

72. In Greek mythology, Apollo isthe god of which of the follow-ing ?(A) Love (B) Peace(C) Prophecy (D) Medicine

73. NASA’s new space telescope is—(A) Wise (B) Rise(C) Barack (D) Telle

74. Bull fighting is the national gameof—(A) Italy (B) Poland(C) Spain (D) Sudan

75. In a rare recognition, the Govern-ment of Mauritius decides tointroduce a book written byUttarakhand Chief MinisterRamesh Pokhriyal Nishank inthe School Syllabus of the islandnation, what is the name of thebook ?(A) Sound of Hills(B) Sparsh Ganga(C) Heaven(D) Amrit

76. Who has been selected for the‘Niwano Peace Prize, 2010’ forher contribution to the uplift ofpoor women in India ?

(A) Ela Bhatt(B) Jhumpa Lahiri(C) Punam Suri(D) Mandakni Apte

77. On which of the following datesin 2010 did the safeguard agree-ment with regard to civiliannuclear facilities between Indiaand the International AtomicEnergy Agency (IAEA) comeinto force ?(A) February 28(B) February 21(C) February 11(D) February 4

78. The tax which the kings used tocollect from the people in theVedic period was called—(A) Bali (B) Vidatha(C) Varman (D) Kara

79. The cells which are responsiblefor the production of antibodiesare—(A) Red blood cells(B) Neutrophils(C) Lymphocytes(D) Platelets

80. Correct expansion of the term‘http’ in Internet address is—

(A) Hybrid text transfer pro-tocol

(B) Hyper text transfer protocol

(C) Higher transfer text protocol

(D) Higher text transfer protocol

Answers with Explanations

PD/December/2010/1128

Quantitative Aptitude(Based on Memory)

Solved Paper

(Held on 30-5-2010)

BANK OF BARODA PROBATIONARY OFFICERS EXAM., 2010

Directions%(Q. 1 to 5) What willcome in place of question-mark (?) inthe following questions ?

01. 36 × 15 – 56 × 784 ÷ 112 = ?(A) 138 (B) 238(C) 158 (D) 258(E) None of these

02. 28·314 – 31·427 + 113·928= ? + 29·114

(A) 81·711 (B) 80·701(C) 71·711 (D) 81·701(E) None of these

03. 23 of 12

5 of 75% of 540 = ?

(A) 378 (B) 756(C) 252 (D) 332(E) None of these

04. 36% of 420 – 56% of 350 = ? – 94(A) 48·2 (B) 49·2(C) – 138·8 (D) – 158·8(E) None of these

05. ( )√⎯ 9 3 × ( )√⎯⎯⎯81 5 ÷ (27)2 = (3)(?)

(A) 5 (B) 4(C) 7 (D) 6(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 6 to 10) Whatapproximate value will come in placeof question-mark (?) in the followingquestions ? (You are not expected tocalculate the exact value.)

06. 1599 × 199 ÷ 49 – 1398 + 3877 ?(A) 9400 (B) 9000(C) 8700 (D) 8400(E) 9200

07. 7 712 × 6

719 ÷ 9

13 = ?

(A) 9 (B) 11(C) 2 (D) 5(E) 13

08. 21·7% of 514·9 – 43·44 = ?5·5

(A) 320 (B) 335(C) 475 (D) 375(E) 420

09. 4433·764 – 2211·993 – 1133·667+ 3377·442 = ?

(A) 4466 (B) 4377(C) 3633 (D) 4144(E) 3344

10. (13·96)2 – (15·03)2 + (18·09)2

– 32·65 = ?(A) 223 (B) 264(C) 334 (D) 354(E) 201

Directions—(Q. 11 to 15) Whatwill come in place of question mark(?) in the following number series ?

11. 13, 16, 22, 33, 51, (?)(A) 89 (B) 78(C) 102 (D) 69(E) None of these

12. 39, 52, 78, 117, 169, (?)(A) 246 (B) 182(C) 234 (D) 256(E) None of these

13. 656, 432, 320, 264, 236, (?)(A) 222 (B) 229(C) 232 (D) 223(E) None of these

14. 62, 87, 187, 412, 812, (?)(A) 1012 (B) 1437(C) 1337 (D) 1457(E) None of these

15. 7, 8, 24, 105, 361, (?)(A) 986 (B) 617(C) 486 (D) 1657(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 16 to 20) In thefollowing questions two equationsnumbered I and II are given. Youhave to solve both the equations andgive answer if—

(A) x > y(B) x ≥ y(C) x < y(D) x ≤ y(E) x = y

or the relationship cannot beestablished.

16. I. x2 + x – 20 = 0II. y2 – y – 30 = 0

17. I. 225x2 – 4 = 0

II. √⎯⎯⎯⎯225y + 2 = 0

18. I. 4√⎯ x

+ 7√⎯⎯x

= √⎯ x

II. y2 – (11)5/2

√⎯ y= 0

19. I. x2 – 365 = 364

II. y – √⎯⎯⎯324 = √⎯⎯81

20. I. 3x2 + 8x + 4 = 0II. 4y2 – 19y + 12 = 0

21. The total area of a circle and asquare is equal to 5450 sq cm.The diameter of the circle is 70cm. What is the sum of thecircumference of the circle andthe perimeter of the square ?(A) 360 cm(B) 380 cm(C) 270 cm(D) Cannot be determined(E) None of these

22. The ratio between the speed of atrain and a car is 16 : 15 respec-tively. Also, a bus covered adistance of 480 km in 8 hours.The speed of the bus is three-fourth the speed of the train.How much distance will the carcover in 6 hours ?(A) 450 km(B) 480 km(C) 360 km(D) Cannot be determined(E) None of these

23. Ram’s present age is three timeshis son’s present age and two-fifth of his father’s present age.The average of the present agesof all of them is 46 years. What isthe difference between the Ram’sson’s present age and Ram’sfather’s present age ?

PD/December/2010/1129

(A) 68 years(B) 88 years(C) 58 years(D) Cannot be determined(E) None of these

24. Twenty per cent of Anuj’s annualsalary is equal to seventy five percent of Raj’s annual salary. Raj’smonthly salary is 60% of Ravi’smonthly salary. If Ravi’s annualsalary is Rs. 1·44 lacs. What isAnuj’s monthly salary ?(A) Rs. 2,70,000(B) Rs. 27,000(C) Rs. 3,24,000(D) Rs. 5,400(E) None of these

25. The largest and the secondlargest angles of a triangle are inthe ratio of 3 : 2 respectively. Thesmallest angle is 20% of the sumof the largest and the secondlargest angles. What is the sumof the smallest and the secondlargest angles ?(A) 80° (B) 60°(C) 100° (D) 90°(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 26 to 30) Studythe information carefully to answerthe questions that follow.

In a school there are 1200students who have visited fivedifferent cities viz. Delhi, Kolkata,Varanasi, Mumbai and Jodhpur.Forty five per cent of the totalstudents are boys. Thirty per cent ofthe total girls visited Mumbai. Two-fifth of the total girls visited Delhi.Number of girls who visited Jodhpuris half of the girls visited Delhi. Two-third of the remaining girls visitedKolkata. Total number of studentswho visited Mumbai is 300. Twentyper cent of the total boys visitedDelhi. Forty per cent of the total boysvisited Jodhpur. Equal number ofboys visited Kolkata and Varanasi.

26. What is the total number ofstudents who visited Varanasi ?(A) 78 (B) 69(C) 102 (D) 103(E) None of these

27. What is the respective ratio bet-ween the number of girls visitedKolkata and number of boysvisited Mumbai ?

(A) 22 : 51 (B) 23 : 51(C) 21 : 55 (D) 51 : 22(E) None of these

28. Total number of students whovisited Jodhpur is approximatelywhat per cent of number of girlswho visited Delhi ?(A) 111 (B) 91(C) 132 (D) 32(E) 72

29. What is the average number ofboys who visited Kolkata,Varanasi and Jodhpur together ?(A) 110 (B) 122(C) 101 (D) 104(E) None of these

30. What is the total number of girlswho visited Delhi, Mumbai andVaranasi together ?(A) 464 (B) 484(C) 536 (D) 556(E) None of these

Directions—(Q. 31 to 35) Studythe following graph carefully toanswer the questions that follow :

Number of Students(in thousands) in Three Schools

over the Years

Num

ber

of s

tud

ents

(in

thou

sand

s)

0.5

0

1

1.5

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Years

School A School B School C

31. What was the average numberof students in all the Schoolstogether in the year 2006 ?

(A) 30,000 (B) 9,000

(C) 3,000 (D) 6,000(E) None of these

32. How many times the total num-ber of students in all the threeSchools A, B and C together wasexactly equal among the givenyears ?(A) 2 (B) 5(C) 4 (D) 3(E) None of these

33. Total number of students inSchool B and School C togetherin the year 2004 was approxi-mately what percentage of thetotal number of students inSchool B and School C togetherin the year 2007 ?(A) 85 (B) 80(C) 75 (D) 184(E) 131

34. What was the difference betweenthe total number of students inall the schools together in theyear 2003 and number ofstudents in School B in the year2005 ?(A) 2000 (B) 3000(C) 3500 (D) 2500(E) None of these

35. What was the approximate aver-age number of students in SchoolA over all the years together ?(A) 1990 (B) 2090(C) 2300 (D) 1800(E) 2700

Directions—(Q. 36 to 40) Studythe following table carefully toanswer the questions that follow :

Number of Officers (inthousands) Passed out from

Five Different Academiesduring Six Different Years

Academies

Years AirForce

Army Navy CoastGuard

BSF

2004 1·4 4·2 0·6 1·7 2·62005 1·7 5·1 0·9 2·8 3·12006 0·9 7·7 1·2 1·6 4·72007 2·4 3·6 1·8 4·7 5·82008 1·3 4·5 2·9 5·1 6·42009 2·7 3·9 3·5 3·9 4·3

36. What was the average number ofofficers passed out from all theacademies together in the year2007 ?

(A) 1830 (B) 3660(C) 3·66 lacs (D) 1·83 lacs(E) None of these

37. In which academy the number ofthe officers passed out conti-nuously increased during theyear 2004 to 2009 ?(A) Air Force(B) Army and BSF only

PD/December/2010/1130

(C) Navy only(D) Coast Guard(E) BSF & Navy only

38. What was the respective ratiobetween the number of officerspassed out from Air Forceacademy in the year 2006 andnumber of officers passed outfrom Coast Guard academy inthe year 2009 ?(A) 30 : 17 (B) 3 : 23(C) 17 : 30 (D) 45 : 13(E) None of these

39. Number of officers passed outfrom BSF academy in hte year2008 was approximately whatper cent of the total number ofofficers passed out from Armyacademy over all the yearstogether ?(A) 12 (B) 19(C) 33 (D) 28(E) 22

40. In which academy the totalnumber of officers passed outover all the years together wasthe maximum ?

(A) Air force

(B) Army

(C) Navy

(D) Coast Guard

(E) BSF

Directions—(Q. 41 to 45) Studythe following graph carefully andanswer the questions that follow :

Three Different Products(in Thousands) Produced by a

Company in Five DifferentYears

Num

ber

of P

rod

ucts

(in

thou

sand

s)

Years

Compact Disks (CD’s)

5

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009

10

15

20

25

30

35

Pen Drives

Key Boards

41. What was the average number ofPen-drives produced by the com-pany overall the years together ?

(A) 1700 (B) 1·7 lacs(C) 17000 (D) 85000(E) None of these

42. What was the total number of allthe products produced by thecompany in the year 2006 and2008 together ?(A) 10750 (B) 107·5 lacs(C) 105700 (D) 10570(E) None of these

43. What was the respective ratiobetween the number of CDsproduced by the company in theyear 2009 and the number ofKeyboards produced by thecompany in the year 2005 ?(A) 9 : 10 (B) 11 : 10(C) 10 : 9 (D) 10 : 11(E) None of these

44. What is the difference betweenthe total number of Pen-drivesand CDs produced by the com-pany together in the year 2008and the number of Key-boardsproduced by the company in theyear 2006 ?(A) 40000 (B) 4000(C) 35000 (D) 3500(E) None of these

45. What was the respective ratiobetween the number of Key-boards produced by the com-pany in the year 2006, 2007 and2009 ?(A) 1 : 2 : 3 (B) 1 : 2 : 2(C) 2 : 1 : 3 (D) 1 : 2 : 1(E) None of these

46. A man crosses a stationary trainin 12 minutes. The same traincrosses a man in 54 seconds.What was the respective ratiobetween the speed of the trainand the man ?(A) 40 : 7(B) 400 : 3(C) 40 : 3(D) Cannot be determined(E) None of these

47. If a number is subtracted by two-third of 75 per cent of 600, thevalue so obtained is 320. What isthe number ?

(A) 300 (B) 620(C) 720 (D) 500(E) None of these

48. The ratio between the angles of aquadrilateral is 7 : 2 : 5 : 6respectively. What is the sum ofdouble the smallest angle andhalf the largest angle of thequadrilateral ?(A) 162° (B) 198°(C) 99° (D) 135°(E) None of these

49. 3 men can complete a piece ofwork in 6 days. 5 women cancomplete the same work in 18days. In how many days will 4men and 10 women togethercomplete the same work ?(A) 3 days (B) 5 days(C) 2 days (D) 4 days(E) None of these

50. The sum of five consecutivenumbers is 270. What is the sumof the second and the fifthnumber ?(A) 108(B) 107(C) 110(D) Cannot be determined(E) None of these

Answers with Hints

0

0

0

0

0

PD/December/2010/1133

Essay Contest

Ethics and Expediency—Mona Sankhla

EthicsEthics (also known as moral

philosophy) is a branch of philosophythat addresses questions about mora-lity—that is, concepts such as goodand evil, right and wrong, justice,virtue etc.—

Ethics

Meta-ethics Normativeethics

Moralpsychology

Appliedethics

Meta-ethicsMeta-ethics is the branch of

ethics that seeks to understand thenature of ethical properties, andethical statements, attitudes andjudgements.

The semantics of ethics dividesnaturally into descriptivism and non-descriptivism. Descriptivism holdsthat ethical language (includingethical commands and duties) is a

Mona Sankhla

subdivision of des-criptive languageand has meaning invirtue of the samekind of propertiesas descriptive pro-positions. Non-des-criptivism contendsthat ethical proposi-tions are irreducible in the sense thattheir meaning cannot be explicatedsufficiently in terms of descriptivetruth-conditions.

Correspondingly, the epistemo-logy of ethics divides into cogni-tivism and non-cognitivism; a dis-tinction that is often perceived asequivalent to that between descrip-tivists and non-descriptivists. Non-cognitivism may be understood asthe claim that ethical claims reachbeyond the scope of human cognitionor as the (weaker) claim that ethics isconcerned with action rather thanwith knowledge.

Normative EthicsTraditionally, normative ethics

was the study of what makes actionsright and wrong.

At the turn of the 20th century,moral theories are no longer con-cerned solely with rightness andwrongness, but are interested inmany different kinds of moral status.During the middle of the century, thestudy of normative ethics declined asmeta-ethics grew in prominence.

Moral PsychologyMoral psychology is a field of

study that began, like most things, asan issue in philosophy and that isnow properly considered part of thediscipline of psychology. Some usethe term ‘moral pscyhology’ relati-vely narrowly to refer to the study ofmoral development. However, otherstend to use the term more broadly toinclude any topics at the intersectionof ethics and psychology.

Applied EthicsApplied ethics is a discipline of

philosophy that attempts to applyethical theory to real-life situations.The discipline has many specializedfields, such as bioethics and businessethics.

Ethics arises because of thehuman need to make choices. Wehave to figure out what to do. Everymoment of our lives, we’re faced withthe necessity of deciding what comesnext. Whatever we choose has someeffect on the options presented to usin the next round. So ethics is thescience that enables us to effectivelymake better choices.

Many of the options will havegood consequences in some respectsand bad consequences in otherrespects. Now we have to decidebetween good options and betteroptions. The endgoal is to make thebest decision possible, but to do so ingiven limited time.

Keep in mind that you don’thave all day not so-metaphoricallyspeaking. Each decision that we haveto make has to be made at some

point. Some decision such as choos-ing a college or university to attend,allow for a longer decision-makingprocess. Others such as one mayencounter in hectic day trading onWall Street or in many other situa-tions, require a lightning fast apprai-sal of the situation.

When Avn Rand stated that “themoral is the practical”, she meant it.Her use of the word ‘practical’ heremay be confusing to many people.The most practical action would bethe one that is most conducive toliving on this earth, the one with theoptimal achievement of value giveninputs. The common usage of theword ‘practical’ perhaps influencedby the incongruence of other ethicalsystems to the real world, is a sort ofpragmatic, expedient choice i.e., theeasy way out.

ExpediencyThe Obama administration will

face human-rights issues at everyturn in confronting terrorism insur-gency and ethics cleaning along thearc of crisis from South Asia toSudan. To tackle these strategic chal-lenges as well as chronic rightsabuses, the new administration andnon-governmental advocacy groupsneed a new, more pragmaticapproach.

In the past, the strategies ofneoconservatives and liberal activistshave been long on the rhetoric offreedom and rights, but have fallenshort on results. Wary of over pro-mising, the U.S. public has becomeskeptical about promoting Americanideals abroad. Yet the real lesson ofthese set backs should not be toabandon idealistic goals, but topursue them in more pragmatic ways.Without developing a more effectivehuman-rights policy, the UnitedStates will neither recover its tarni-shed reputation nor accomplish itsstrategic goals.

Some human-rights activists havebegun to learn this lesson in theirown work. While pronouncementsfrom the headquarters of advocacyorganisations still sound doctrinaire,

PD/December/2010/1134

pragmatists in the fields are deve-loping electric outcome-orientedapproaches that take into account thepower of local actors and the need totailor tactics to local circumstances.Both realists and idealists should findvalue in these effective approaches,which can help restore America’spolitical standing in the world whilealso doing good.

Over the past two decades, tradi-tional human-rights activists haveplaced human-rights issues on theinternational agenda in quitedramatic fashion, but a hefty stack ofstatistical studies suggests that theyhave done only a little to improveactual situations on the ground.Treaty signing, legal accountabilityand ‘naming and shaming’ have hadlittle demonstrable positive effect,and sometimes they even backfire.Where human-rights have improved,it is mainly because wars have endedor democracy has been successfullyconsolidated, not because of human-rights activism.

Rights advocates who havetargeted diffuse, embedded practiceslike child labour and female genitalcutting have run into stiff resistance,even from those they seek to help.Advocates focusing on statesviolations have hardly fared better.The muchvaunted InternationalCriminal Court has not deliveredmust justice or deterrence anywhere.And though everyone pledged ‘neveragain’ after the Rwandan genocide,the response to atrocities in Darfurand eastern Congo has been diffidentand ineffectual.

In response to these disappoint-ments a new approach is emerging.Turning human-rights conventionalwisdom on its head, pragmatistsargue that amnesties for right abusers,material inducements for potentialpeace-deal breakers and dialoguesbased on local morality can be effec-tive; criminalizing abuses and univer-salizing western standards often fail.

This style of engagement fits wellwith the current climate of U.S. publicopinion, which retains committed tohuman-rights ideals but has becomewary of pushing this agenda withunreflective zeal. According to theChicago Council on Global affairs.Global views 2008 survey, a pluralityof U.S. public opinion has down-graded ‘promoting and defendinghuman-rights’ from a ‘very impor-

tant’ to ‘somewhat important’ goal; amajority wants to ‘move cautiously’,rather than either ‘aggressively’ or‘slowly’ in promoting human-rightsabroad.

Ethics and Expediency(Leadership)

The staggering breakdown intrust at the beginning of this century,resulting from the lack of character ofsome leaders in corporate Americashould cause less finger-pointing andmore serious introspection. Theseleaders are not from outer space, hereto impose some alien standard ofconduct, but came from among usand as such, reflect attitudes andvalues that we have lazily slippedinto. The tendency is to punish the‘evil-doers’ and move on confiden-tially in the knowledge that the pro-blem has been solved. Certainly thereshould be a punishment and onesufficient enough to give all of uspause when considering giving in toexpediency, but if we are to ‘solve’the problem, the impetus is on us tolook at ourselves and shore up ourown character where we find itlacking.

It isn’t a problem of an approachthat backfired because it wasn’t givenenough time to run its course it wasthat an approach was taken that waswrong. Betraying the trust of thoseyou serve even for what is consideredto be desirable end sought by allparties involved, can only hurt ever-yone connected to the expedientcourse of action taken.

The expedient course is rarelythe best course and in the end it taintsus. As English poet Robert Southeynoted, “Never let a man imagine thathe can pursue a good end by evilmeans, without sinning, against hisown soul. The evil effect on himself iscertain.”

In a less stable world, a leaderwill rely more on inner resourcesthat on the shifting sands of socialconvention. If those inner resourcesare not built on a solid foundationthen that leader will only contributeto the problem rather than stand asguiding lesson beacon and providethe direction we need.

Certainly, the underlying reasonfor business is to make a profit, but ifit can’t be made honestly, then it can’tbe made. Expediency may lead toshort-term gain but long term successcan only come from a commitment to

doing what is right even when thatcourse of action may not seem to bein our short-term best interest. The19th century U.S. Navy oceangrapherMathew Fontaine Maury rightlyexhorted us that “where principle isinvolved, be deaf to expediency.”

Failure to examine these issues inour own lives will create a pool ofleaders destined to commit the samemistakes. P.Darpan

Continued from Page 1132

P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1135

Right to Work should be Made a Constitutionally Fundamental Right

Debate Contest

In Favour—Dr. S. Purvaja

“Poverty is the worst form ofviolence.” —Mahatma Gandhi

One of the greatest challengesthat our country faces today ispoverty. Around one-third of the

Dr. S. Purvaja

Indian populationis below thepoverty line. Theprime reason forsuch a vast num-ber of peopleremaining poor isthe absence ofmeans of liveli-hood. In contrast to the acute cyclicalunemployment that occurs in deve-loped countries, the problem here ischronic unemployment and under-employment. Any amount ofeconomic growth would not lead ustowards development unless thepernicious problem of poverty iseradicated. In order to strike a blowagainst the evil, the first issue thatneeds to be addressed is unemploy-ment.

With the increase in populationevery year, there is a net addition tothe labour force apart from thealready existing backlog of theunemployed. Agriculture accountsfor 20% of our national income butprovides employment to 60% of ourcountry’s workforce. Most of this,however, is in the form of seasonalemployment since, most of theIndian farmers are illiterate, finan-cially weak and carry out primitiveagriculture dependent on the mon-soon.

The rise in population has led toincreased pressure on land resultingin division and fragmentation for-ming uneconomic holdings.

Lack of opportunities andpoverty ensueing therefrom, havebeen the major causes for the spreadof Naxalism in many parts of ourcountry. Decades of economic and

social neglect has driven the tribalstowards rebellion. There have been alot of human casualties and destruc-tion of a huge amount of property asa consequence of the naxal menace. Itposes a grave threat to the peace andsecurity of our nation.

“Poverty devastates families,communities and nations. It causesinstability and political unrest andfuels conflict.” —Kofi Annan

The Economic Reforms of 1991which triggered a wave of libe-ralisation and globalisation, havemade the private sector occupy agreater space in the Indian economy.The small industrial units, whichprovide huge employment oppor-tunities, have suffered, beingexposed to competition from largeunits and Multi-National Com-panies. Big business houses havebenefited the most. The privatecompanies, in the name of techno-logy upgradation have moved onfrom labour intensive to capital-intensive technologies. In the imme-diate post-independence period,when public sector was the mainplayer in the course of industria-lisation, the number of mandays lostdue to strikes was more than that dueto lock-outs. In the period follow-ing the economic reforms, this trendhas been reversed, especially in therecent years. Lockouts accoun ted for89% and strikes for merely 11% ofthe mandays lost in 2003. The de-regulation of government controls inmany years has emboldened theemployers resulting in an increasein ‘employers’ militancy. Further,these changes have weak-ened thetrade union activities. The bargainingpower of the labour unions hasbeen reduced to a great extent.

The development of a countrywill not be complete without theempowerment of women. A largedegree of gender inequality exists inIndia with regard to literacy, lifeexpectancy, their status in the family

and society and other criteria, incontrast to countries like Canada,USA, UK, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, andthe Philippines where there is neargender equality.

The prosperity of our countrydirectly depends on the develop-ment of agriculture and industry. Anessential pre-condition for this is thepresence of adequate infrastructurefacilities. Although India hasachieved considerable success in theexpansion of such facilities, a lotmore, still needs to be done. Theinfrastructural development in ourcountry has consistently shown adistinct urban bias. The relativeneglect of rural areas has resulted ininadequate development and there-fore inadequate employment oppor-tunities. In addition, it has shown abias in favour of the rich and themore affluent. It is the high incomegroup who are capable of taking fulladvantage of such facilities aspower, transport and communica-tion, education and health. The majorand medium irrigation works havealso, generally benefited the richfarmers.

Taking into consideration thewidespread poverty, the large degreeof unemployment and under-employment and the danger ofviolence it may pose, the labourcutting attitude of the companies,gender discrimination that still existsin many parts of our country andthe infrastructural needs of varioussectors of the economy, the one-pointsolution to resolve all these issueswould be the enactment of aConstitutional Amendment declar-ing ‘Right to Work’ as a Funda-mental Right. Creation of adequateopportunities and a favourableenvironment is essential to ensurethe same. Such a legislation shouldhave provisions restricting capitalistsfrom retrenching workers in the nameof importing higher technology.Guarantee of employment to all the

PD/December/2010/1136

citizens would make a frontal attackon poverty, improve the conditions ofliving for the poor and prevent themfrom taking up arms. There are manyavenues for the creation of employ-ment mainly on the lines of infra-structural development. This wouldserve the double purpose of jobcreation for the people as well asasset creation for the society. Takingup activities like creation of mediumand minor irrigation projects in thepublic domain would help small andmarginal farmers go in for double ormultiple cropping thus solving theproblem of seasonal unemployment.Provision of employment on an equalbasis would contribute to the rise inthe status of women at the level of thefamily as well as at the society.Economic security for women thusobtained would lead to theirempowerment. In the words of JamesAbram Garfield, “At present, themost valuable gift which can bebestowed upon women is somethingto do which they can do well andworthily and thereby maintain them-selves.”

Ensuring a job for every citizenwould thus cut at the roots ofpoverty, violence, exploitation anddiscrimination in any form which aresome of the major impediments in thepath of development and acceleratethe progress of our nation. The‘economic justice’ enshrined in ‘thePreamble’ of the Constitution of Indiacan be attained fully only when the‘Right of Work’ in Article 41 of PartIV of the Constitution, the DirectivePrinciples of State Policy is shifted toPart III, the Fundamental Rights.

Against—Mohd. Zia Ullah

The Constitution of India givessome basic rights to all its citizenswithout any bias and differentiation.These fundamental rights empower

Mohd. Zia Ullah

the citizens to liveas per their freewill, without anyrestriction and fear.In a country likeIndia fundamentalrights become evenmore critical consi-dering the diversedemographic set up in every part ofIndia.

The level of employment in thecountry is quite dismal with highunemployment rate, which is amongmajor issues posing a hurdle inIndia’s way of becoming a deve-loped nation. Illiteracy in the countryis a major reason for this, particularlyin rural areas considering the fact thataround 70% of the total populationresides in rural areas and that toomainly dependent on agriculture.

Right to work cannot be grantedas a constitutional fundamental rightbecause of following reasons :

● Right to work is a novel conceptthat is abstract in nature and isnot realistic. The concept issimilar to ‘Finding jobs forpeople’ rather than ‘findingpeople for the job’. Though thelatter is possible, no one canguarantee about the former.When there is no guarantee andcertainty the concept of ‘Right’ in‘Right to Work’ ceases to exist. Itwould be highly unrealistic tobelieve that any governmenteffort or provision in the consti-tution could guarantee jobs foreverybody and if done so wouldbe a big constitutional blunder.

● Right to work cannot be given topeople as a fundamental rightowing to a simple reason that theexpectation from the job in termsof quality and type of workassigned would be differentfrom one person to another. Justimagine a situation where thereis a job available for plantingtrees on the roadside and peopledeny doing that job saying thatthey possess degree of agraduate and should be givensome office work. Shouldgovernment provide offices forthem to work ?

More importantly, the expecta-tion of monetary benefit from acertain job would also varyfrom case to case. How will thegovernment justify the compen-sation given for some work.

● It is important for us to under-stand and appreciate the fact thatthe government does not possessthe resources both in financialand material terms to create jobs

for the people. It is very hard tobelieve that when there are somany unemployed graduatesand post graduates in the countryhow the government wouldprovide work to unskilled andilliterate people residing invillages. Will there be differentrule for urban people and diffe-rent for rural ? If so that cannotbe termed as a fundamentalright.

● If Right to work is made aconstitutional fundamentalright, there is a high probabilitythat people would becomecomplacent, lazy and would takeeverything for granted. Theywould stop making efforts andworking hard in their lifebecause they would certainlyenjoy things getting served tothem in their plates. In addition,the level of competition amongthe people would decline whichwould result in low quality ofperformance and commitmenttowards the work.

● If Right to work is given topeople the number of peoplegoing for graduation and higherstudies would decline for thesimple reason that people wouldstop striving hard to get a job asthey know that they would begiven work and if not they canclaim for the compensation. Canwe let such people get work soeasily ? This would certainly nothelp in taking our country for-ward.

● Right to work would not only beimpossible to implement butwould create chaos all over thecountry. You cannot define speci-fic nature of work that should begiven to different people as wellas the compensation for thatwork. It would result in anincrease in the number of casesin our judicial establishmentwith people complaining aboutthe nature of work assigned tothem, compensation, duration ofthe work and many other issues.

Continued on Page 1137

Topic : Ethics and Expediency.

Essay Competition

WinnersFirst Prize Winner

Second Prize Winner

Third Prize Winner

Dharmendra Kumar RayVillage–Adarsh Nagar,Pandey ColonyPost–Bada Bahera,Kon-NagarDistt.–Hooghly, KolkataWest Bengal–712 246

Concentric Quiz(General Studies Special)

First Prize Winner

Alexeyev ThingbaijamC/o Babudhan Singh, Top AwangLeikaiNear Ema Nongmairembi, ZampakManipur–795 005

Amit MahlawatS/o Shri Azad Singh703/9, Vishal NagarNear New Bus Stand, RohtakHaryana–124 001

Debate Competition

Topic : Right to Work should be Madea Constitutionally FundamentalRight

For the Topic

Answers

RESULTS

Second Prize Winner

Quiz Contest

Third Prize WinnerWinners

Mahesh KumarM/s Chiman Lal JugalKishore,Mahaveer Marg,NarnaulHaryana–123 001

PD/December/2010/1137

Aditya Kumar JhaA-429, Nehru ViharNew Delhi–54

Mona SankhlaNew Delhi–110 015

Dr. S. PurvajaJalahalli, BangaloreKarnataka–560 013

MonaPatnaBihar–800 020

Hints

Against the Topic

Ajanta RoyBirbhum, KolkataWest Bengal–731 101

Mohd. Zia Ullah415/357, ShahganjAllahabadU.P.–211 003

Continued from Page 1136

In fact Right to work would be aconcept similar to a concept like‘Right to Salary’ with no consi-deration given to the quali-fication, skillsets and so manyother important traits requiredfor any job.

Conclusion

Right to work is a concept whichis not realistic in nature and it cannotbe included in the list of fundamentalrights because if someone does notget work it is not because of religion,caste, and other similar issues butbecause of skills and qualification.

It is the duty of every citizen inthe country to work hard and useopportunities to create resourcesrather than just consuming them.

Right to work, if granted to thepeople as fundamental right wouldlower the efficiency and quality of thework. Instead, if anything at all needsto be done then avenues of incomeand job opportunities should becreated. In addition, the develop-mental programmes such asMNREGA, Bharat Nirman and othersuch employment generation pro-grammes should be implementedwith utmost sincerity to ensure thatpeople get the chance to work if theyare willing to do so.

No doubt Right to Work is agreat novel concept but even greatconcepts have to be realistic in natureand have to deliver results. P.Darpan

PD/December/2010/1138

CRICKET

India Retains the Border-Gavaskar Trophy with CleanSweep Against Australia

India registered a seven-wicketvictory over Australia in the Second

India retained the Border-GavaskarTrophy with seven-wicket win overAustralia in the second Test in Bangaloreon October 13, 2010.

Test in Bangalore on October 13, 2010.It was India's first clean sweepagainst Australia in a series of two ormore matches. With this victory Indiastrengthened its position at No. 1 inInternational Test Cricket. In firstinnings Australia contributed 478while India gave 495. In 2nd inningsAustralia made 223 runs in 75-2 overswhile India made 207 in 45 overs forthree wickets. Sachin Tendulkar ofIndia who reached his 58th Test halfcentury was declared both Man of theMatch and Man of the Series. In thisTest series, Sachin Tendulkar alsomade his 49th century.

Sachin Tendulkar on Top inTest Ranking

After his splendid performancein recently concluded Test Seriesagainst Australia in October 2010,Sachin Tendulkar reclaimed hisnumber one position in Test-rankingin batting after eight years. In this testseries Tendulkar was the highest run-maker with 403 runs in the two matchseries. As per the latest ICC rankingIndian batting legend now has 891

rating points. Virender Sehwag is thenext best Indian cricketer batsman atnumber three in the ranking with 819points behind Sri Lanka's KumarSangakkara with 874 at number twoposition. Last time Sachin Tendulkarachieved first position in batsman testranking in August 2002 when hemade 193 in his 99th test to help Indiabeat England by an innings and 46runs at Headingley. It is for the ninthtime that Tendulkar got the numberone ranking. He claimed number oneposition for the first time in Novem-ber 1994 in his 33rd test after scoring34 and 85 against West Indies inMumbai which India won by 96 runs.

India Wins ODI SeriesAgainst Australia

India won the ODI series againstAustralia after the third and final ODIbetween India and Australia wascalled off on October 24, 2010 inMargao (Goa). India won the series1-0 and Australia returned home after

Mahendra Singh Dhoni poses with thetrophy after winning the rain-marredseries 1-0.

drawing blank both in the Tests andthe lone ODI. Virat Kohli was adjud-ged as the Man of the Series for hismatch winning 118 in the second ODI.

Bangladesh Sweeps One DaySeries Against New Zealand

Bangladesh completed a sweepwith a three-run victory over New

Zealand in the fifth and final one-dayinternational on October 17, 2010 inDhaka. Rubel Hossain of Bangladeshtook four wickets for 25 off 9.3 sharpovers. New Zealand which was chas-ing a 175 runs target was bowled outfor 171 in the last over. Bangladeshwon the series 4-0 which was its firstsweep against a major team. Thesecond match was abandoned with-out a ball being bowled due to rain.

TENNIS

Melzer and Paes ClinchDoubles Title of ShanghaiMasters

Austria's Jurgen Melzer andLeander Paes won the doubles titleafter beating Polish Mariuz Fyrsten-berg and Marcin Matkowski 7-5,4-6, 10-5 in the final of the ShanghaiMasters on October 17, 2010 in

Jurgen Melzer (left) of Austria andteammate Leander Paes with theirtrophies after winning the doubles finalat the Shanghai Masters

Shanghai. It was Melzer's third tourlevel doubles title of the season whileit was Paes second title of the season.

Federer Bags StockholmOpen : Equals Sampras’Record of 64 Titles

Switzerland’s Roger Federerdefeated Germany’s Florian Mayer6-4, 6-3 to win the Stockholm Open

PD/December/2010/1139

Tennis Tournament on October 24,2010. With this victory Federer has

Roger Federer receives the trophy fromSweden’s crown princess Victoria afterdefeating Florian Mayer in the Stock-holm Open final October 24, 2010.

equalled Pete Sampras’ record of 64ATP titles. Roger Federer is World’snumber two male tennis player.

Andy Murray Clinches theShanghai Masters

Scotland’s Andy Murray beatSwitzerland’s Roger Federer 6-3, 6-2to bag the Shanghai Masters onOctober 15, 2010 in Shanghai. It was

Andy Murray with Trophy.

his second finals victory over theSwiss World No. 3 in two months.

It was his second title of theseason.

CHESS

Vladimir Kramnik Winner ofthe Final Masters : AnandFinishes Second

Russia's Vladimir Kramnik wonthe Bilbao Final Masters ChessTournament on October 16, 2010 inBilbao (Spain). World ChampionViswanathan Anand finished secondin the tournament. It is noteworthythat Kramnik won the tournament

after drawing with Alexei Shirov ofSpain. Kramnik scored two wins andfour draws in all and ended up with10 points. Magnus Carlsen who drewwith Anand finished third whileAlexei Shirov had to be content withthe fourth place finish.

Magnus Carlsen Bags PearlSpring Chess Tournament

Magnus Carlsen of Norway wonthe Pearl Spring Chess tournament inNanjing on October 30, 2010. He wonthe title after drawing with VugarGashimov of Azerbaijan. India’sVishwanathan Anand finished secondin the tournament.

Indians Grab Six Medals atWorld Championship

India’s chess players won threesilver and three bronze medals in theWorld Youth Chess Championshipthat concluded in Porto Carras(Greece) on October 30, 2010.Rudraksh Paridev and Shiven Khoslawere among the silver medal winnerswhile M. Mahalakshmi and A.Puranik were among the bronzemedallists of India.

FOOTBALL

East Bengal Lifts FederationCup

East Bengal retained prestigiousFederation Cup after beating MohunBagan down by a solitary goal inCuttack on October 2, 2010. With thisvictory East Bengal ensured for itselfa berth in the AFC Cup. This win alsocreated another landmark for EastBengal that it was its 10th successivematch of the season. Mohun Baganhad won the title beating Salgaocarlast time in 1987.

`GOLF

Europe Clinches Ryder CupEurope won the Ryder Cup of

golf on October 4, 2010 in Newport(Wales) after beating the UnitedStates of America 14 - 1/2 points to13 - 1/2 points at Celtic Maner. It was

Mc Dowell of Europe who clinchedvictory in the final after defeatingUSA's Hunter Mahan three and one.

Harrington Bags IskandarJohor Open

Ireland's Padraig Harringtonregistered a three-stroke victory inthe Iskandar Johor Open on October17, 2010 in Johor Bahru (Malaysia).

Padraig Harrington with Trophy

The victory ended a two years titledrought. He hit a 69 to take himself toa total of 20 under par in the $ 1.25million Asian Tour event. Asian TourOrder of Merit leader Noh Seung-Yal finished second after a 65 withbordies on his final three holes.

GRANDPRIX

Vettel Clinches JapaneseGrand Prix

Germany’s Sebastian Vettel wonthe Japanese Grand Prix for thesecond consecutive year leading aRed Bull 1-2 in Suzuka (Japan) onOctober 10, 2010. Mark Webberfinished second 0·9 secs. It was RedBull’s third 1-2 finish of the season.Ferrari’s Fernando Alonso was third1·8 seconds behind.

Alonso Clinches KoreanGrand Prix

Ferrari’s Fernando Alonso wonthe Korean Grand Prix on October 24,2010 in Yeongam (South Korea). Itwas inaugural race which turned outto be the longest in Formula OneHistory. Mc Laren’s 2008 ChampionLewis Hamilton finished second 14·9seconds behind. Brazil’s Felipe Massatook the final podium place forFerrari.

PD/December/2010/1140

The 2010 CommonwealthGames Conclude : India

Emerges Second inMedal Tally

The 2010 Commonwealth Gameswhich began on October 3, 2010 came

to a close onOctober 14, 2010in New Delhi.Around 7000athletes from 71Commonwealthnations and depen-dencies competedin 21 sports and272 events. Theopening and clos-

ing ceremonies were held at theJawaharlal Nehru Stadium—the mainstadium of the event. The final medal

Shera : Mascot ofCWG 2010

tally was led byAustralia by grab-bing 177 medals.The host nationIndia gave itsstrongest and mostsplendid everperformance toemerge second inmedal tally follo-wed by Englandwhich was placedthird in the tally.India eventuallymore than doubledits medals tally of the previous Gamesin Melbourne. India had finishedfourth in 2002 and 2006.

It may be mentioned here that itwas Badminton star Saina Nehwalwho snatched a three-game victoryover Malaysia's Mew Choo Wong totake India a gold medal ahead ofEngland. Prince Edward declared the

Scene of closing ceremony on October 14, 2010

Games closed on behalf of the QueenElizabeth. The next CommonwealthGames will be held in GlasgowScotland in 2014. The prominentdignities who attended the closingceremony included Vice-PresidentHamid Ansari Prime MinisterDr. Manmohan Singh and Sri LankaPresident Mahinda Rajapaksa amongothers.

It was Top-seeded Saina Nehwal's goldmedal victory in the women's singlesbadminton event of the CommonwealthGames that took India ahead of England'smedals tally and over to the No. 2 posit-ion.

Highlights of the XIX Common-wealth Games in Brief

Australian Coutts and IndianNarang ‘Queen and King of theGames● With five Gold medals in Swim-

ming, Alicia Coutts (Australia)was the most successful athlete atthe games.

● Gagan Narang (India) was themost successful male athlete. Hewon four Gold medals in Shoot-ing.

Australians Jones and Seebohmequal all-time Medal Records

● Leisel Marie Jones (Australia)became the third person to win

10 Gold medals in the Common-wealth Games history, tying theall-time record of Susie O’Neill(Australia) and Ian Thorpe(Australia).

● Emily Jane Seebohm (Australia)equalled the record of winningeight medals in total in onegames. Swimmers Ralph Hutton(Australia) in 1966 and Susie O'Neill (Australia) in 1998 were theonly other athletes to achieve thisfeat.

Australia was the most Success-ful Commonwealth GamesAssociation (CGA) in Delhi

● Australia was the most successfulCGA at Delhi 2010. It won 74Gold, 55 Silver and 48 Bronzemedals. It was the 12th time theyled the medal table.

● Australia has been the mostsuccessful CGA in every gamessince 1990.

● England was the third-best CGAat this games, behind India. Onlyonce before, at the Victoria 1994games, have two CGAs per-formed better than England.

Host Nation India PerformsBetter than Ever

● India won more Gold medalsthan it had won before in onegames. It took 38 Gold medals, itsprevious record was 30 in 2002.

● With its 101 medals in total, Indiafinished runner-up in the medaltally and became the fourth CGAto reach the century mark in onegames.

● Every host nation of the Com-monwealth Games has beaten itsprevious record number ofmedals, and India has joined thatlist in 2010.

Four CGAs Win their First Com-monwealth Games Gold Medals

● Natasha Mayers (SVG) clinchedthe first Gold for St. Vincent andthe Grenadines, in the Women's100m in Athletics, on October 7,2010.

● Amantle Montsho (BOT) wonBotswana's first Gold in theWomen's 400m in Athletics onOctober 8, 2010.

PD/December/2010/1141

● Faavae Faauliuli (SAM) collectedSamoa's first Gold medal inCommonwealth Games history,in the Men's 94kg Weightliftingon October 9, 2010. One day later,two other Samoans won Gold inthis sport.

● On October 11, 2010 CydonieCamile Mothersill (CAY) won thefirst Gold medal for CaymanIslands, when she ran to victoryin the Women's 200m event inAthletics.

Australia Reaches Medal Mile-stones in Delhi

● On October 8, 2010, Kasey Brown(Australia) clinched Australia's2000th medal in all Common-wealth Games. She took theBronze medal for Australia in theWomen's Singles in Squash.

● The Women's Hockey team wonAustralia's 800th Gold medal inCommonwealth Games historyon October 13, 2010.

Australia's Croak Wins Gold inTwo Different Sports at theCom-monwealth Games

● Alexandra Croak (Australia)became the first athlete to winGold in two different sports atthe games, considering CyclingRoad and Cycling Track as thesame sport.

● Croak won a Gold medal inDiving in Delhi 2010, and hadpreviously won gold in ArtisticGymnastics in Manchester 2002.

More Podium Sweeps than Everin Athletics

● In six Athletics events, one CGAswept the podium, more medalsweeps than ever at the Common-wealth Games in this sport.

● Kenya clinched the Gold, Silverand Bronze medals in fourevents : the Women's and Men's3000 m Steeplechase, the Men's800m and the Women's 5000m.

● England swept the podium in theMen's 110m Hurdles and Indiawon all medals in the Women'sDiscus Throw.

XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 : India's FinalMedal Tally Categorywise

S. No. Sport Gold Silver Bronze Total

1. Shooting 14 11 5 302. Wrestling 10 5 4 193. Archery 3 1 4 84. Weightlifting 2 2 4 85. Tennis 1 1 2 46. Athletics 2 3 7 127. Gymnastics — 1 1 28. Table Tennis 1 1 3 59. Badminton 1 1 — 2

10. Boxing 3 — 4 711. Para-swimming — — 1 112. Hockey - m — 1 — 113. Badminton 1 — — 1

38 27 36 101

India’s Gold Medallists at XIX Commonwealth Games Delhi 20101. Gagan Narang & Abhinav Bindra

(pairs)Shooting - 10m Air Rifle

2. Anisa Sayyed & Rahi Sarnobat Shooting - 25m Pistol (pairs)3. Ravinder Singh Wrestling - 60 kg.4. Sanjay Wrestling - 74 kg.5. Anil Kumar Wrestling - 96 kg.6. Gagan Narang Shooting - 10m Air Rifle7. Anisa Sayyed Shooting - 25m Pistol8. Omkar Singh Shooting - 50m Pistol9. Renu bala Chanu Weightlifting - 58 kg

10. Rajinder Kumar Wrestling - 55 kg11. Ravi Kumar Weightlifting - 175 kg12. Vijay Kumar & Gurpreet S. Shooting 25m Rapid Fire Pistol13. Gurpreet Singh & Omkar Singh Shooting 10m Air Pistol14. Geeta Phogat Wrestling 55 kg15. Recurve Team Women Archery16. Gagan + Imran H Khan Shooting 50 m Rifle17. Vijay Kumar Shooting 25 m Rapid Fire Pistol18. Alka Tomar Wrestling 59 kg19. Anita Wrestling 67 kg FS20. Omkar Singh Shooting 10m Airpistol21. Vijay Kumar + Harpreet Singh Shooting 25m Centre Fire Pistol Pairs22. Gagan Narang Shooting 50m Rifle23. Yogeshwar Dutt Wrestling 60 kg24. Narsingh Pancham Wrestling 74 kg25. Deepika Kumari Archery (Women—Recurve individual)26. Harpreet Singh Shooting 25m Centrefire Pistol27. Rahul Banerjee Archery28. Sushil Kumar Wrestling (66 kg)29. Somdev Burman Tennis (Singles)30. Krishna Poonia Athletics — Discus (W)31. Anuraj Singh + Heena Sidhu Shooting (Pairs 10m Air Pistol)32. Women Relay Team Ashwini A.C./

Chitra K. Soman/Sini Jose/JaunaMurmu

Athletics — 4 × 400

33. Achanta + Saha Table Tennis (Doubles)34. Suronjay S Boxing (52 kg)35. Manoj Kumar Boxing (64 kg)36. Paramjeet Samota Boxing (Super Heavy Weight)37. Jawala G. + Ashwini P. Badminton — doubles38. Saina Nehwal Badminton

Edited, Printed and Published by Mahendra Jain for M/s Pratiyogita Darpan, 2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, Agra-2 and Printed byhim at Pratiyogita Darpan Printing Unit, 5 & 6 Bye Pass Road, Agra.

Winning Streaks in RugbySevens, Men's Hockey andSynchronised Swimming Exten-ded

● New Zealand won the RugbySevens Gold in Delhi, as it hadalso done in the three previousRugby Sevens tournaments at theCommonwealth Games. NewZealand has never lost a match inRugby Sevens in games history.

● Australia won the title in Men'sHockey, having won Gold in theevent at all three previous gamesin which it was held.

● Canada kept its 100 per centrecord in Synchronised Swim-ming alive. It has won all 14events since the sport wasincluded in the games in 1986.

The 2010 CommonwealthGames : Top 20 Medal Winners

Country Gold Silver Bronze Total

Australia 74 55 48 177

India 38 27 36 101

England 37 59 46 142

Canada 26 17 32 75

SouthAfrica

12 11 10 33

Kenya 12 11 9 32

Malaysia 12 10 13 35

Singapore 11 11 9 31

Nigeria 11 10 14 35

Scotland 9 10 7 26

NewZealand

6 22 8 36

Cyprus 4 3 5 12

NorthernIreland

3 3 4 10

Samoa 3 0 1 4

Wales 2 7 10 19

Jamaica 2 4 1 7

Pakistan 2 1 2 5

Uganda 2 0 0 2

Bahamas 1 1 3 5

Nauru 1 1 0 2

SPORTS ANDGAMES BRIEFING

Awards for CommonwealthGames Medallists Announced

Union Petroleum and NaturalGas Minister Murli Deora has recentlyannounced cash awards for Indian

sportspersons who won medals atthe 19th Commonwealth Games. Heannounced that the Petroleum SportsPromotion Board would give awayRs. 9 crore to athletes and playerswho helped India to bag a recordhaul of medals at the Games.

Mr. Deora, also the chief patronof the Board, said the Board wouldgive Rs. 10 lakh each to gold meda-llists, Rs. 7.5 lakh to silver medallistsand Rs. 5 lakh to bronze medallists.

Some awarded include sportspersonalities. Ronjan Sodhi (shoo-ting); Saina Nehwal, Chetan Anand,Jwala Gutta and V. Diju (badminton);and Sharad Kamal, Soumyadeep Roy,Poulami Ghatak, Subojit Saha andA. Amal Raj (table tennis). HarvantKaur (discuss), Om Prakash (shotput), Sinimone Paulose (800 metres);Chitra, Mandeep, Jauna Murmur andTiana (4 × 400); Jagsir Singh (javelin)and Rohan Bopanna (tennis).

It is noteworthy that nearly 50sportspersons affiliated to the Boardrepresented India at the Games.

Klitschko Retains WBC TitleUkrains Vitali Klitschko retained

V. Klitschko

World Boxing Cham-pionship heavy-weight title inOctober 2010. Hebeat America's Chal-lenger Shannon Brig-gs on points (120 -107), 120 - 107, 120 -105).

Jamaica's Trecia SmithEmerges the Best Athlete ofthe 19th CommonwealthGames

Jamaica's triple jump championTrecia Smith was conferred the DavidDixon award for being the bestathlete of the 19th CommonwealthGames on October 14, 2010.

Trecia Smith

Smith leapt to14.19 metres to winthe triple jump goldin commandingfashion. She was asurprise choice,edging out severalother competitorsincluding Austra-

lian swimmer Alicia Jayne Coutts andIndian shooter Gagan Narang.

The 34-year-old Smith is a formerworld champion, and has won thegold at the 2005 World Champion-ships at Helsinki. She also won thegold at the last CommonwealthGames at Melbourne in 2006, besidesa silver at the 2002 Games inManchester.

It may be added here that India'spistol shooter Samaresh Jung, winnerof five gold medals at Melbourne,won the David Dixon award last time.The award, named after the formersecretary general of the Common-wealth Games Federation, wasinstituted in 2002, with South Africanparalympic swimmer Natalie du Toitbeing the first winner.

N. Ramachandran Re-electedWSF President

The President of the WorldSquash Federation, N. Ramachandranhas been re-elected its President for afresh two years term as per theoutcome of the elections at the WSFAnnual General Meeting held inChennai on October 22, 2010.

On the elections, besides him,three Vice-Presidents were also elec-ted—Chris Stahl (England), HeatherDeayton (Hong Kong) and Mohd AlMenshawy (Egypt). P.Darpan